ࡱ; _  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^`Root Entry   FMicrosoft Word-Dokument MSWordDocWord.Document.89qOh+'0T px  $ 0 < H!SUFFOLK COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE!Suffolk County Community CollegeNormal clasf [ZZNormal 1$A$*$/B*OJQJCJmH sH PJ^JaJ_HnHtHDD Heading 1@& & F & F$a$$5>> Heading 2@& & F & F$5JJ Heading 3"@& & F & F^p]`$6JJ Heading 4"@& & F & F^8]`$5JJ Heading 5"@& & F & F^8]`$>*22 WW8Num1z0OJQJPJ^J.. WW8Num1z1 OJQJ^J.. WW8Num1z2 OJQJ^J.!. WW8Num1z3 OJQJ^J"1" WW8Num2z0&A& WW8Num3z05&Q& WW8Num4z05.a. WW8Num5z0 OJQJ^J.q. WW8Num5z1 OJQJ^J.. WW8Num5z3 OJQJ^J"" WW8Num6z0"" WW8Num7z022 WW8Num8z0OJQJPJ^J.. WW8Num8z1 OJQJ^J.. WW8Num8z2 OJQJ^J.. WW8Num8z3 OJQJ^J"" WW8Num9z0$$ WW8Num10z0$$ WW8Num10z1$!$ WW8Num10z2$1$ WW8Num10z3$A$ WW8Num10z4$Q$ WW8Num10z5$a$ WW8Num10z6$q$ WW8Num10z7$$ WW8Num10z8$$ WW8Num11z000 WW8Num12z0 OJQJ^J00 WW8Num12z1 OJQJ^J00 WW8Num12z2 OJQJ^J00 WW8Num13z0 OJQJ^J00 WW8Num13z1 OJQJ^J00 WW8Num13z2 OJQJ^J$$ WW8Num14z0$$ WW8Num14z1$!$ WW8Num14z2$1$ WW8Num14z3$A$ WW8Num14z4$Q$ WW8Num14z5$a$ WW8Num14z6$q$ WW8Num14z7$$ WW8Num14z8$$ WW8Num15z0$$ WW8Num15z1$$ WW8Num15z2$$ WW8Num15z3$$ WW8Num15z4$$ WW8Num15z5$$ WW8Num15z6$$ WW8Num15z7$$ WW8Num15z8$!$ WW8Num16z0(1( WW8Num17z0CJ$A$ WW8Num17z1$Q$ WW8Num17z2$a$ WW8Num17z3$q$ WW8Num17z4$$ WW8Num17z5$$ WW8Num17z6$$ WW8Num17z7$$ WW8Num17z8$$ WW8Num18z0$$ WW8Num18z1$$ WW8Num18z2$$ WW8Num18z3$$ WW8Num18z4$$ WW8Num18z5$!$ WW8Num18z6$1$ WW8Num18z7$A$ WW8Num18z8$Q$ WW8Num19z0$a$ WW8Num20z04q4 WW8Num21z0OJQJPJ^J00 WW8Num21z1 OJQJ^J00 WW8Num21z2 OJQJ^J00 WW8Num21z3 OJQJ^J<<Default Paragraph Font&)& Page Number,,Heading]$a$54B4 Text Body^d  / List_^J@"@Caption `xx $CJ6^JaJ]&&Indexa $^J " Footerb 2 HeadercHBHList Paragraphd^]`m$0R0Frame Contentseaa.EEGb:2DZPe34567X`X$@(2.6<tEK QZHaa.eRe89:;<=>?@ABCDEFGH8@ (     f0e0ejJC"    f0e0ejJC" < C ,,.ttX% t   ^`P^@`@^`0^```^`^`^`^``^0`0 ^`OJQJ^J-^`0. ^`OJQJ^J^8`8.^`0. ^`OJQJ^J ^`OJQJ^J^`CJ^8`8.  WW8Num1WW8Num2WW8Num5WW8Num7WW8Num10WW8Num12WW8Num13WW8Num17WW8Num20@..P GTimes New Roman5Symbol3&ArialiLiberation SerifTimes New Roman3$Arial?4Courier New;Wingdings5Symbol9$FreeSansBh. f. fF--00 SUFFOLK COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Suffolk County Community College class3studs3stud2@@J@)@I@I՜.+,D՜.+,\M 0ReCaolan80 9,F38<<8,(@ob4}@i<R]"q  NUR101 LAB #5 DOSAGE CALCULATIONS INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS: Please complete lab handout and assigned readings in Pickar: Chapters 1-5, 10-12, 15 Students who are unprepared for lab are negatively affecting their grades and more importantly, their ability to make the most from the learning opportunities in the lab. Nursing Responsibilities: Ability to perform basic mathematics calculations using Ratio/Proportion  Chapter 2 Proficiency and knowledge in use of the three systems of measurement  Chapter 3 Ability to calculate drug doses within the same system of measurement. Ability to calculate drug doses within the different systems of measurement.  Chapter 4 Knowledge of standard equivalents and abbreviations used in systems of measurement. Ability to convert time and temperature  Chapter 5 Three Systems of Measurement Metric System: a decimal system in which each unit can be divided in multiples of 10. To calculate in the metric system, the decimal point is moved to the right or left. Commonly Used Metric Units of Weight 1 kg = _______g 1 g = _______mg 1 mg = _______mcg Commonly Used Metric Units of Volume liter (L) = ________ mL Converting within the Metric System: To convert a larger unit (such as grams) to a smaller unit (such as milligrams), move the decimal point to the _____________ Example: 0.5 g = _________mg To convert a smaller unit (such as milligrams) to a larger unit (such as grams), move the decimal point to the ___________ Example: 250 mg = _________g You should ALSO remember the following equivalent conversion: 1 Kg = ______ lbs. NOTE: When writing fractional decimal numbers always include a leading zero. Example: 0.2 Do not leave any trailing zeros to the right. Example: 0.20 is INCORRECT *As per JCAHO medication safety guidelines. Apothecary System: less precise than the Metric System. Used for few drugs. Nurses may need to calculate doses between the apothecary and the metric system. Roman numerals are used to express whole numbers. Numbers less than one are written as fractions except for which may be written as ss. Basic unit of weight in the apothecary system is the grain. You will need to know the following conversion equivalents from apothecary to metric: 1 grain (gr) = ______ mg You will also need to know the following conversion equivalent from apothecary to metric. 1 ounce = _______mL 1 quart = _________liter NOTE: The apothecary measurements of minims and drams are not used in medication prescriptions as per JCAHO medication safety guidelines. Household System: teaspoon (t) and tablespoon (T) are commonly used measures. 1 Tablespoon is equivalent to ________ teaspoons. You will need to know the following conversion equivalents from household to metric: 1 T = _________mL 1 t = _________mL D. Misc: units, mEq. II. Computing Drug Doses: Computing Drug Doses by Ratio/Proportion calculation: Ratio shows the relationship between two numbers and proportion shows the relationship between two ratios. Cross multiply to solve for X. Set up a proportion to calculate the drug dosage. The ratio for the drug you have on hand = the ratio for the desired drug. dose on hand = dose desired quantity on hand quantity desired (X) *Important! Numerators on both sides of the equation must be in the same units Denominators on both sides of the equation must be in the same units *Important! Always label the units (including X) and match units in denominator and numerators. Prior to solving - Think! Estimate what is a reasonable amount of the drug to administer. 1. Calculate the dose: Phenobarbitol 120 mg po q 12 h ordered. Available is Phenobarbitol 60 mg tabs Answer ________ 2. Calculate the dose: Penicillin VK 137 mg po q 6 h ordered. Available is Penicillin VK 125 mg per 5 mL. Answer _________ 3. Calculate the dose: Vistaril 35 mg IM is ordered, Available is a vial labeled 25mg / mL Answer _________ Calculating Drug Dosages Within and Between Systems: When doing calculations, it is essential to be sure that the doses are in the same unit of measurement in order to complete the calculation correctly! For example: If a drug dose is desired in mg and it is available in g, the nurse must first convert the desired dose and the available dose to the same unit of measurement (either mg or g). When doing conversions always convert the desired dose to the available unit of measurement. IE: Change the MD order to what you have on hand. Think! Estimate what is a reasonable amount of the drug to administer You must memorize the important equivalents outlined on this lab handout! Conversions Within Systems: For Example: The prescriber orders 0.25 g of medication. You have 500 mg tablets. - First change the prescriber s order (written in g) to the type of units you have on hand (mg) Use ratio/proportion and a known ratio you have from you list of know equivalents 1 g = 0.25 g X = 250 mg (you have changed the prescribers order from 0.25g to 250mg) 1000mg X mg - Think! Do you think you will be giving more or less than 1 tablet? - Then set up a new ratio/proportion to solve for tablets 500mg = 250mg X = tab 1 tab X tab 4. Calculate the dose: 500 mg of Amoxicillin is ordered Available is Amoxicillin 0.25 gram/mL Answer _________ Conversions Between Systems: For Example: The prescriber orders gr1/4 of a medication. You have 30 mg tablets. Change the prescriber s order (written in gr) to the type of units you have on hand (mg) To do this you must remember the equivalent: 1 grain = 60 mg Set up a proportion by first writing the ratio of this known equivalent Add the unknown equivalent to complete the proportion 1grain = 1/4grain X = 15mg (you have changed the order from gr1/4 to 15 mg) 60mg Xmg Think! Do you think you will be giving more or less than 1 tablet Set up a new ratio/proportion to solve for tablets 30 mg = 15 mg X = tab 1 tablet X tablet 5. Calculate the dose: grain of medication is ordered. Available are tablets that are each 30 mg. Answer _________ IV. Computing IV Flow Rate in ml / hour: - Chapter 15. Most commonly intravenous therapy is administered via an electronic pump which is regulated in mL / hr. Some pumps are programmable to tenths and others require whole numbers. If the pump is programmable to tenths  round your answer to the tenths place; if it is not, round to a whole number. To calculate ml / hr use the following procedure: Divide the total volume (mLs) by the total number of hours Example: 1000 mL D5W to be infused over 8 hours 1000 mL = 125 mL / hr 8 hrs V. Computing Manual IV Flow Rates in gtts / minute: - Chapter 15. When an electronic pump is not being used for delivery of intravenous therapy the nurse will need to manually regulate the flow rate in gtts / minute. Use the formula V Volume ( mL ) X C Drop Factor (gtt/mL) = RATE T Time ( minutes) (gtt/min) *Important  time MUST be in minutes gtt = drop If you have tubing that has a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL and an IV that is supposed to be administered @ 100mL/hour (60min) you would calculate the rate by using the above formula. V 100 T 60 X C 15 = 25 gtt/min If your final answer comes out fractional ( For example 24.9 ) you should round to the nearest drop. For example 24.9 would round to 25 gtts. Important! Only round your final answer. Do not round in the middle of your calculation. Note: There are different manufacturers of IV tubing and variable drop factors. You will need to look at the tubing packaging for this information. Exception: Microdrip tubing always has a drop factor of 60gtt/mL Calculate the following IV rates in mL / hr and gtts/min 6. 1000 mL of normal saline to infuse over 6 hours. Drop factor is 15. Answer _____ mL / hr Answer _____ gtts/min 7. 500 mL of D5W to infuse over 4 hours. Drop factor is 10. Answer _____ mL / hr Answer _____ gtts/ min 8. 250 mL of D5W to infuse over 8 hours using a Microdrip tubing. Answer _____ mL / hr Answer _____ gtts/min VI. Calculation or Reconstituted Medications: refer to Chapter 12 Some medications require reconstitution. The physical skill of performing reconstitution will be covered in Lab # 9 Parenteral Medications. This involves adding a certain amount and type of solvent (diluent) to a solute to create a resultant solution. Once this procedure has been performed the dosage calculation proceeds as follows: -From the drug label or written directions locate the resultant supply dosage of the solution. Example: You have added 3.4 mL of normal saline to a powdered medication to create a resultant solution strength of 250 mg / mL. -Determine the prescriber s order Example: The prescriber has ordered 500 mg IM - Set up a ratio/proportion to determine how many mL you will administer Remember  you have a solution with a known ratio of 250mg / mL 250 mg = 500 mg X = 2 mL 1 mL X mL 9. The prescriber has ordered 500 mg IM. You have reconstituted the medication with 3.8 mL of NS to give a resultant solution strength of 600 mg/mL. How many mL will you give? Answer ___________________ 10. Ordered is 125 mg IM. You have reconstituted the medication with 1.8 mL of Sterile Water to give a resultant solution strength of 250 mg/mL. How many mL will you give? Answer ___________________ VII. Converting Temperatures Use the formula F = 1.8C + 32 Refer to Chapter 5 in Pickar Review procedure for converting F to C as well as C to F VIII. Converting Time International (Military or 24 hour clock) time is the preferred method of documenting time. Refer to Chapter 5 in Pickar Review procedure for converting traditional time to international as well as international to traditional   Rev rmk 6/10 NUR101  Lab #5 SUFFOLK COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING EQUIVALENTS 1 grain (gr) = 60 milligrams (mg) 1 teaspoon (t) = 5 milliliters (mL) 1 tablespoon (T) = 3 teaspoons (t) 1 ounce (oz) = 30 milliliters (mL) 1 cup = 8 ounces (oz) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) 1 Kilogram (Kg) = 2.2 pounds (lbs) 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1 milligram (mg) = 1000 micrograms (mcg) FORMULAS V X D = gtt/min T F = 1.8C + 32 DHz$ z ~ Z < @ NRV04Tz82Jffj, ,0| `d8^bCJmHsHaJOJQJCJ6aJOJQJCJ>*aJOJQJCJaJOJQJCJ5aJOJQJCJ5aJOJQJLblt\r l!t!!!!""""##R$V$X$~$$ %%%%&(&H&L&&2'6'B'b'f't''>(B(d(h(j(l(n(((,)6)8)v))))*+F,,,6---..0./T0Z0`0z00"161f111:2CJ>*aJOJQJCJaJOJQJCJ5aJOJQJCJmHsH>*aJOJQJCJmHsHaJOJQJO:22223323D3r3v3v4z4444456Z778$8B8R88$9Z99r:|::::$;T;X;Z;;<l<p<<<<<<<<2=???@AA:AAAAABDCHCCCCC DDȺȺCJ>*5aJOJQJCJmHsH5aJOJQJCJmHsHaJOJQJCJmHsH>*aJOJQJCJ5aJOJQJCJ>*aJOJQJCJaJOJQJDDDJErEEEF4FRF"G(GGGGGGGHH H HNH\HHHHIIIIJJJKKLLL(MBMMMMbNfNN*O.OJOOOOhPlPP QQ*QQQQQRRS4SSTT ULUW W6WNWTWVWHY\YYYYYYYZCJ>*aJOJQJCJ>*5aJOJQJCJaJOJQJCJ5aJOJQJTZ Z"Z[[[[[ ]$]Z]^]]^@^x^^_N_X`t`FaHaJaLaNaRaTaVaXaZa\a^a`abadafahaaaaa b(b*bdddd&ePe¹ mHsH>*CJmHsHaJmHsHCJaJ0J\CJaJOJQJ CJmHsHnHtHaJOJQJ jUCJ5aJOJQJCJaJOJQJ2FH|& | ~ \ > PRX & Fdhdh & Fdhdh & F dhdhdh & Fdhdhdh & FdhdhX24V|:z dh^]` dh^8]`ddhd & F dh dh^]` dh^]`dh ddh^]` dh^]` dh^]` dh^]` dh^]`dh dh^8]` hhj. dh^]` dh^]`dh dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]` & Fdhdhdhdhdhdhdh dh^]` dh^]` .0bd:`z dh^8]`h dh^8]`h dh^8]` dh^]` & Fdhdh dh^]` dh^]` dh^]` dh^]` dh^]` dh^]`dhdh`b^t n!! """"#T$V$X$dhdh dh^]`dhdhdhdh dh^]` dh^]` dh^]` dh^]`dhdhdhdhdhX$%%%&*&J&L&&4'6'd'f''@(dh dh^]`dh dh^]` dh^]` dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^h]`dh dh^]` dh^h]`dhdh@(D(f(h(j(l(n(((*+,8---.2.dh dh^]`dh & Fdh dh^]` & Fdh dh^]` & Fdhdhdhdh dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]`2./V0811<2243t3v3x4z44456 dh^e]` dh^]`dh dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]`dhdhdhdhdhdhdh6\778\99:V;X;Z;;n<p<<<<<dhdhdh dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]` dh^8]`dhdhdhdh & Fdh<<<<4=??@