ࡱ> %` "Pbjbjٕ 7G%RRR8R\:SSS"TTTTTT$ hu(|TT(|(|TTՂ}}}(|XTT}(|}}gTS @mER|d0G|GGThlbJ }l<t6TTT}XTTT(|(|(|(|$=AA  Overview What is the healthiest province (or territory in Canada) to work and live? Your Workplace has the answer. We spent our summer vacation scouring statistics and reports from a number of workplace and health related sources to bring you our (mostly) scientific analysis that clearly shows that some places in Canada are safer and healthier than others to pursue your career dreams. The sources we used were public records compiled by Statistics Canada, The Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health, and Health Canada. A primary source for our research was the Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians which was prepared by Federal, Provincial and Territorial Advisory Committee on Population Health for the Meeting of Ministers of Health. This document which has a wealth of other information and detailed tables outlining the health of Canadians can be found at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/phdd/pdf/report/stats/all_english.pdf The factors we considered were statistics on workplace injuries and absences along with a series of data that has been collected on both the health of Canadians and their lifestyles. Wherever possible we have included information from all ten provinces and three territories but data collection in the territories, especially Nunavut is not as advanced or detailed as some of the provincial information. While where you work or live will have a great impact of your health, as evidenced by some of our findings, there is also no question that individual health practices and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is just as important to living and working in a long and healthy fashion. The same is true for safe working practices from using proper ergonomic equipment to having an active health and safety committee that focuses on prevention and reducing workplace hazards. Finally, your health at work also depends on the work that you actually perform each day. Some occupations like construction workers or scuba divers have built in risks that add to the possibility of workplace injuries. Others like senior managers or mutual fund managers have a higher degree of mental strain and stress that can contribute greatly to chronic heart disease or stroke. There is no perfect place to work or live in Canada that can incubate everyone against injury or occupational hazards. In order to rate the various provinces and sectors we used a process that gave positive points to each jurisdiction in each of the healthy aspects that were reflected in the research and negative points for each of the unhealthy aspects. To simplify even further we only ranked the top two, positive and negative in each category where statistics were available. This report to YW readers is not intended to be a definitive or absolute comparison of any town or city in Canada. We all know there are some great places to live and work in Canada, including yours. So have a little fun as you review our findings to see how your province or territory stacks up. The Health of the Workplace Workplace Injuries General Information: An estimated630,000Canadians nearly three-quarters of them men and nearly three-quarters employed in blue-collar occupations sustained at least one non-fatal activity-limiting injury at work in2003. This amounted to an overall workplace injury rate of4%. Not surprisingly, injuries were more common in "blue-collar" jobs than they were in "white-collar" jobs. Nearly1worker in10in trades, transport and equipment operation sustained an on-the-job injury. This was more than four times the rate among people employed in white-collar occupations, such as business, finance, administration, education or religion. Provincial Comparison: Lowest Work related injury rates British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Highest work related injury rates Alberta Nova Scotia Saskatchewan Note: These ratings are a combination from a number of sources. For the latest information please visit www.acwbc.org Disability Days General Information: One of the concepts that was introduced in the 1990s to help measure workplace health is called two-week disability days. It allows researchers to measure workers health problems over a two week period by asking them whether any health related problems had cause them to miss any time or cut down on regular activities for the better part of a day. Provincial Comparisons: Lowest number of two-week disability days per population Quebec 0.64 days Ontario 0.80 days Prince Edward Island 0.80 days Highest number of two-week disability days per population British Columbia 1.05 days Nova Scotia 1.05 days Manitoba/New Brunswick 1.02 days Employee Absenteeism General information: Work absence rates differ by sector (public or private) and industry and disability contributing factors include the nature and demands of the job, the malefemale composition of the workforce, and the union densitythe last being a strong determinant of the presence of paid sick or family leave. The most workdays were missed by employees in health care and social assistance, transportation and warehousing, and public administration. The lowest averages were recorded by full-time workers in professional, scientific and technical services. Those in accommodation and food services, primary industries other than agriculture, and finance, insurance, real estate and leasing also missed fewer workdays. Perhaps not surprisingly workers in management and in culture and recreation recorded the fewest days lost. Provincial Comparison: Lowest number of average days of absence Prince Edward Island 6.8 days Alberta 9 days Ontario 9.3 days Highest number of average days of absence Nova Scotia 12 days Quebec 12 days New Brunswick 11 days Work Stress General Information: The National Population Health Survey used a battery of questions to assess work stress. Their findings were that high work stress was most common among employed 2024 year olds and declined with each age group to reach its lowest level among employed 4554 year olds. Women scored higher on the scale than men and with each successive level of education; there was a modest but steady decline in the mean score of work stress. University graduates reported the least work stress and members of couples with no children had the lowest percentage of high work stress while single parents were twice as likely to report such stress. Provincial Comparison: Lowest level of work stress Quebec 3% Newfoundland and Labrador 3.5% Prince Edward Island 3.5% Highest level of work stress Ontario 5% Manitoba 5% Alberta/British Columbia 4% Job Satisfaction General Information: One of the interesting factors that some researchers used in their health surveys was that of measuring job satisfaction. In their view it would certainly impact a persons mental health if they were unhappy at work and could also lead to higher stress and related physical conditions. An interesting thing they found was that job satisfaction increases with age so if you are not yet fully satisfied at work it may just be a matter of time. Provincial Comparison: Highest level of Job Satisfaction New Brunswick 58% Prince Edward Island 55% Nova Scotia 54% Lowest level of Job Satisfaction Ontario 47% Quebec 47% British Columbia 50% The Health of the Community Life Stress: General Information: In the last twenty years chronic stress has been identified as a major factor in overall health and while scientists are reluctant to implicate stress as a direct risk factor for many conditions, there is no doubt that chronic stress can have at least a strong indirect impact on physical and mental health. Therefore some comparison of the overall stress levels in our communities does offer more insight into the overall health of our communities. The National Population Health Survey asked up to 18 questions to help determine the relative stress of the Canadian population. Their findings were that women are more likely than men to report high and this is true for women of all ages. The good news is that high stress becomes much less common for both sexes as we get older, probably because we are not working as much. As with work stress there is a direct correlation between levels of education and stress. In fact the least educated group was twice as likely as university graduates to report high life stress. Provincial Comparison: Lowest level of life stress Newfoundland and Labrador 17% Prince Edward Island 20% Quebec 24% Highest level of life stress Manitoba 29% Ontario 28% Nova Scotia 27% Air Quality General Information: One of the most basic factors in our overall health is the air that we breathe. Canada sees itself as a country of clean air and pristine waters but our air quality, especially in major metropolitan areas has been rapidly eroding. One measure that is used to determine air quality is called ground-level ozone and by far the highest margins for exceeding acceptable standards in this area is the Quebec City-Windsor corridor. In a study done from 1979- 1993 British Columbia and the Prairie provinces only averaged one hour annually of excessive ozone levels while Central Canada recorded twelve hours per year during the same period. Provincial Comparison: Lowest Level of ground-level ozone British Columbia 1.0 hours Saskatchewan 1.7 hours Alberta/Manitoba 1.7 hours Highest Level of ground-level ozone Ontario 10.5 hours Quebec 10.5 hours New Brunswick 2.5 hours Signs of a Healthy Community Physical Activity General Information: Physical activity along with a healthy diet has been recommended for years by doctors and researchers as a way to maintain good health. Even modest amounts of exercise cannot only maintain acceptable weight levels but actually contribute to the prevention of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Provincial Comparison: Most physically active British Columbia 27% Alberta 26% Ontario 23% Least physically active Prince Edward Island 14% New Brunswick 18% Quebec 22 % Body Weight General Information: Maintaining an acceptable body weight for ones height, age and gender has also been amongst the prescriptions as a way to stay in good physical health. Along with not smoking and regular exercise this is one thing that can help prevent the onset of chronic disease. It is also a pretty good way to measure the relative health of Canadians. Provincial Comparison: Less overweight British Columbia 27% Quebec 27% Ontario 29% More overweight New Brunswick 42% Newfoundland and Labrador 39% Nova Scotia 38% General Well Being General Information: Respondents in the Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians were asked to rate their own. Researchers were particularly interested in not juts having people talk about their help problems but also to allow them to summarize their own physical and mental health as experienced by the individual and explained in the context of their own individual values. Provincial Comparison: Best self-rated excellent/very good overall well being Newfoundland and Labrador 71% Prince Edward Island 67% Quebec/Ontario 64% Worst self-rated excellent/very good overall well being Saskatchewan 54% New Brunswick 58% Manitoba 60% Positive Mental Health General Information: Three factors were utilized by researchers in Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians in helping individuals describe their own mental health. They included the individuals sense of coherence, self-esteem, and mastery. The results below are a combination of these three factors. Provincial Comparison: Best self-rated positive mental health Quebec 62% Ontario 47% British Columbia 46% Worst self-rated positive mental health Saskatchewan 34% Manitoba 34% Newfoundland and Labrador 35% Total Health Spending General Information: Total health expenditures by province are one other way to measure the overall healthiness of the various regions of the country. This may mean that the provincial governments are focused on providing a high level of the collected tax dollars within the jurisdiction on the health and well-being of its citizens. But it may also mean that costs are simply higher in one jurisdiction versus another or in fact that the reason health spending is so high is that the citizens are not as healthy in those higher spending provinces. For these reasons we have provided the provincial comparison but will not allocate any points, positive or negative, in our final results. We were also able to obtain territorial numbers for this measure and you will see them reflected in the data below. Provincial Comparison: Highest per cap total health expenditures Nunavut/Northwest Territories 12.9 % of GDP Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Lowest per cap total health expenditures Alberta Yukon Ontario Access to Health Care General Information: A better gauge of how well a provincial or territorial government is providing health care to its citizens and thereby helping them to maintain good health is the level of access to health care services. If those services are available readily then small health issues can be treated more quickly and more efficiently. This should result in fewer longer term health issues developing or becoming more pronounced. It will also probably result in more overall prevention through regular and on-going visits to health care professionals. This measure is included in our final tally. Provincial Comparisons: Best overall access to health care Saskatchewan British Columbia Alberta Worst overall access to health care Newfoundland and Labrador Manitoba Quebec Signs of an Unhealthy Community Smoking General Information: According to the Canadian lung Association smoking is the biggest threat to the lung health of Canadians. Every year 37,000 Canadians die from smoking and hundreds of thousands struggle with smoking-related diseases. Smoking is also a definite contributing factor in the likelihood of developing other chronic and fatal diseases. Provincial Comparison: Lowest percentage of smokers per capita British Columbia Ontario Manitoba Highest percentage of smokers per capita Nunavut/Northwest Territories/Yukon Quebec Newfoundland and Labrador Problem Drinking General Information: The College of Family Physicians of Canada says that you have a problem with drinking if it causes a problem in any part of your life. This includes your health, your work and your life at home. One strong indicator of problem drinking is the amount of alcohol consumed on a regular basis. Almost all standards now use an average of more than fourteen drinks a week as an indication of problem drinking that may affect your health. Provincial Comparison: Lowest percentage of problem drinkers Saskatchewan Alberta Quebec Highest percentage of problem drinkers Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Manitoba Illegal Drug Use General Information: Illegal drug use can certainly be a major factor in increasing risks on a number of health related fronts. This applies particularly to so-called hard drugs like heroin, cocaine and opiates. Regular marijuana usage may not pose as serious overall health challenges but could leave users open to developing lung cancer and respiratory problems in the future. Provincial Comparison: Lowest percentage of population reporting using at least one illegal drug Newfoundland and Labrador Ontario New Brunswick Highest percentage of population reporting using at least one illegal drug British Columbia Quebec Alberta Cancer General Information: Cancer in all its many forms and variations continues to be a major source of death for Canadians. The latest statistical information shows that we are making some progress in treating many cancers but there is still a long road ahead to finding a cure. There are two measures that we looked at when ranking jurisdictions in this area, incidence and mortality. Provincial Comparisons: Lowest risk of incidence and mortality from cancer British Columbia Saskatchewan Alberta Highest risk of incidence and mortality from cancer New Brunswick Quebec Nova Scotia Heart disease and stroke General Information: Heart and stroke rates for Canadians have decreased dramatically during the past 30 years including 25 percent over the past ten years alone. But according to the Heart and Stroke Foundation every 7 minutes in Canada someone still dies from heart disease and stroke. This means that it remains a good issue to use as a yardstick to compare overall health amongst regions and provinces. Provincial Comparisons: Lowest risk of mortality from heart disease and stroke British Columbia Ontario Alberta Highest risk of mortality from heart disease and stroke Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia/ New Brunswick Depression/Anxiety General Information: Depression and anxiety are becoming more and more prevalent concerns for a lot of Canadians. Health Canada has reported that nearly 8 percent of adult Canadians will experience a major depression/anxiety at some point in their lives and depression/anxiety continues to be Canada's fastest-rising diagnosis. There are few reliable statistics to measure depression rates by province but the ones that we find from the Public Health agency of Canada show a higher prevalence of depression amongst women than men. Provincial Comparisons: Lowest Risk of Depression/Anxiety Saskatchewan Alberta Quebec Highest Risk of Depression/Anxiety Nova Scotia New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Suicide General Information: Suicide continues to be a major cause of death in Canada. According to Statistics Canada, there were 3,688 deaths due to suicide in 2001 and there are extremely high suicide rates in Canada among aboriginal and young Canadians. Provincial Comparisons: Lowest Suicide Rates Newfoundland and Labrador Ontario Prince Edward Island Highest Suicide Rates Northwest Territories/Nunavut Qubec Alberta Average # of Days* And the winner of the healthiest province to work in Canada is: Gold Medal: British Columbia Score on YW Healthy Province Scale +13 Silver Medal: Saskatchewan Score on YW Healthy Province Scale +9 Bronze Medal: Alberta Score on YW Healthy Province Scale +8 Honorable Mention: Ontario Score on YW Healthy Province Scale +5     PAGE  PAGE 8    {  w x Feg,k  (.//0ǹՃՃՃxx h hAh h hE-h15h hE->* h >*hh;@5hhE-5 hh hh-: hh h h07 h h h h h h;@ h h~ h h. h h h hE-5 h hc(/   } x y KLEF(gd;@gd O!P($0=><=>?@AYgd15 7$8$H$gd@%Sgd@%Sgd 0<=:;<=AZkv$.:DE[efg} ,-HIӺ̺̺ hhO hh07 hhE-h15hE->*h15h07>* h15h07 h15hh15 h15h15 h15h h15h@%Shh@%SB*phhh@%S>* h hqh[0h hq7YZ/Efg|}6"1BgdOgd07gdE-gd15IUo!")018ACyA ' 1 7 8 x { ! !C!D!]!^!!!!!!!!!!!! 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