ࡱ> ` tbjbj .lL,x'(&&&&&&&$f(h*h'ooo'2'C%C%C%o&C%o&C%C%C% $C%&TH'0x'C%6+$R6+C%C%6+/&tNC% T''9% x'oooo  Stephen Shepherd Tech Article Submission Review In this recent Economist Tech Quarterly article, they speak of the growing phenomenon of 'tagging' based web sites. Basically, it is an alternative approach to data organization than mainstream search engines use. Rather than sendingout search spiders to each website to try and figure out what the content is, how it should be categorized, and whether it is relevant, 'tagging' relies onmasses of web users to do allthe work when it is applied to Internet search. Yet this concept is applicable far beyond our current definition of 'Search' and is appropriate in any environment where data classification is needed. This article gives a good overview of the technology and some key sites to check out. I think this technology is particular relevant to our class because it encompasses two key overarching trends discussed in our class: network effects and open source. If you alone tagged your photos on Flickr, it has only marginal value. The more people that create tags for their photos, the database of photos becomes exponentially more value. This is a case and point example of the power of network effects. Another interesting aspect of these tagging sites is the content is built up by the masses of users and, together, they create one powerful database. This type of collaboration for the good of all reminds me of the open source movement taking place in the rest of the software industry. By encompassing these two powerful trends, tagging offers a stark alternative to the build a better mousetrap, algorithmic approach that Google is employing. It will be interesting to watch over the next few years whether this models gains any real traction beyond the hardcore techies. "Websites of mass description Social software: New tagging websites make it easier to share content, find items of interest, and form online communities Sep 15th 2005 From The Economist print edition THE images flicker across the screen, one every few seconds: a bed, its ruffled covers pulled back to reveal a lonely emptiness; two pairs of lips gently touching, on the verge of a kiss; a lamb playfully nuzzled beneath its mother's belly; two little girls whispering secrets to one another. The photographs come from a college student in Oklahoma, a middle-aged man from rural England, and a Dutch woman, none of whom has ever spoken with or met any of the others. Each photo takes its place among the rest simply because it has been tagged by its photographer with the word intimacy. The photographs form part of a slideshow on  HYPERLINK "http://flickr.com/" \t "_blank" Flickr.com, a website that allows its users to store, manipulate and share their digital photos. While such sites have been around for years, Flickr stands out because it makes it easy for users to categorise, search and share photos through tagsone-word descriptions that capture the essence of a photograph. A tag can be a name or a place, an adjective or a verb, concrete or abstract. More importantly, though, tags allow Flickr and other sites that rely on them to harness the social power of the web. Give users the option to make their content public, and the ability to search everyone else's content for a given tag, and a world of possibilities opens up. As thousands of users tag photographs and web pages, information begins to percolate in new ways. Users themselves build a database of what is useful and important for others to draw upon. For example, a search for the tag love on Flickr brings up almost 20,000 photos that encapsulate people's idea of love. What Flickr does for photographs,  HYPERLINK "http://del.icio.us/" \t "_blank" del.icio.us (pronounced delicious) does for bookmarks, by providing management of bookmarked web pages. Hundreds of thousands of registered users have so far linked to over 10m web pages. Traditionally, bookmarks are stored within a web browser on a computer, and can only be accessed from that particular computer. With del.icio.us, users add bookmarks to their personal del.icio.us web page simply by entering the address of a web page and typing in a few words to tag it. The bookmarks can then be accessed from any computer. A user can surf cooking sites and tag recipes at the office, for example, and then easily access them from home. For each bookmark, users can also see how many other users have bookmarked it and who they are. If another user's interests seem similar, their bookmarks can be called up to find new, unexplored sites. All of the bookmarks collected by all users can also be searched by tag, and the most popular links at a given time give a glimpse of the web in motion. With Yahoo! or Google, a mindless software spider is sent out to traverse the web looking for new pages. With del.icio.us, an army of people sitting in their homes and offices does the same, tagging web pages as they go along. Because tags make it easy to share content, users of Flickr have also begun to interact with their photos in new and interesting ways, as communities have formed around particular tags. These communities of convenience are not based on real world connections or networking, but rather on bits of content. Consider the tag memorymaps, for example. Memory maps are digital scrapbooks that make use of another feature of Flickrthe ability to annotate photographs with boxes which display pop-up captions when the mouse pointer rolls over them. Starting with a satellite image of a city or town, users attach captions to places of particular significance: their old school-friends' houses, for example. The memory map can then be shared with friends or added to by others who live in that city. Users of another tagging site,  HYPERLINK "http://www.tagzania.com/" \t "_blank" Tagzania.com, sprinkle maps with restaurants, bars and other places of interest. After the London terrorist bombings in July, a Flickr group quickly formed to share photos of the aftermath. Since users can upload photos directly to the site from mobile phones and add comments to photos, an image of a tube ticket bought at King's Cross station on July 7th became a forum for people to share their thoughts and offer their condolences. Other users simply want to have fun. The infiniteflickr tag invites people to contribute photos of themselves looking at Flickr photos of people looking at Flickr photosad infinitum. The Flicky Awards group votes for its favourite photos in different categories (self-portraits, underwater photography, and so on). A group calling itself It's the Crew uses Flickr to make bizarre online comic books. Photos are doctored using Photoshop, have captions added, and tell a story when viewed as a slideshow. MAKE, a magazine geared toward hobbyists who like to play with and modify technology, has embraced both Flickr and del.icio.us as new ways to interact with readers. Writers contribute useful links and photos of projects as they research and write their stories; readers view and add to them as they work on projects of their own. Is it all just another internet fad? In March, Flickr was acquired by Yahoo!, and in July Yahoo! launched  HYPERLINK "http://myweb2.search.yahoo.com/" \t "_blank" MyWeb 2.0, a del.icio.us-like bookmarking site. Other tagging sites have sprung up that let users catalogue book recommendations or restaurant reviews.  HYPERLINK "http://technorati.com/" \t "_blank" Technorati.com, which has been tracking blog entries using tags since 2002, now lets users search through Flickr photos and del.icio.us links as well. Having brought together social software, blogging and search, the idea of social searching (and tagging) looks as though it is here to stay. " This following article outlines the current standards war going on over the next generation of DVD. In a game like this, where the network effects are so high, it seems likely that only one format will win out. Although we have seen this type of story play out so many times in the past, Sony and Toshiba executives have been lured into this mano e mano in hopes of recouping all their R&D costs in royalty profits. Having already sunk this fixed investment cost, they will each fight hard to make it pay off. From the consumer perspective, having the simplicity of only one standard is oftentimes more important than a good piece of underlying technology. The most famous example of a past standards war also involved Sony losing out in the Beta/VHS competition because of their closed standard. A lesson to future executives was that Sony, despite having arguably better technology with the Betamax, could not succeed without wide industry support. Other examples have occurred throughout the tech space for the last 20 years. Windows battled Apple before becoming the dominant standard. Nintendo beat Sega in the video game consol battles of the mid/late 80s. Sony PS2 beat out Microsoft and Nintendo in the latest round of competition. Sony lost once again in the last round of DVD standard development in 95. This recurring pattern of winner take all in standards war has been typical in the tech space and with good reason. No one wants to bet on a loser. Content producers and consumers alike are weary about investing in a system until they think it will become ubiquitous. Thus, when a standard gets beyond a certain tipping point, there seems to be no turning back and it gains a dominant position. Standards wars Singin' the Blus Nov 3rd 2005 From The Economist print edition Sony's high-capacity DVD technology is likely to trump Toshiba's AFP  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.economist.com/images/20051105/4505WB1.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  THE battle over which technology will be used for a new era of information-rich DVDs is starting to lean heavily in favour of Sony's Blu-ray standard. This is bad news for Toshiba, which champions an alternative, also based on blue-laser technology, called HD-DVD. In recent weeks two big Hollywood studios, Warner Brothers and Paramount, that had previously plumped exclusively for HD-DVD have agreed to support Blu-ray as wellciting Blu-ray's wide support and strong copyright-protection mechanisms. That leaves only Universal Studios solely committed to HD-DVD, and even it is expected to adopt Blu-ray in addition. But several other studios including Columbia Tristar and MGM (both owned by Sony) and Disney have committed exclusively to Blu-ray. If Sony does win out over Toshiba, it will be sweet revenge for its defeat in previous standards wars. In 1995 the current format for DVDs was based more on Toshiba's technology, rather than a rival format devised by Sony. Even earlier, Sony's Betamax video technology lost out to the more open VHS system. The Betamax-VHS war taught a generation of executives about the importance of building industry-wide support for a new technology. That is why the fact that a majority of Hollywood studios have now adopted Blu-ray is such good news for Sony. In both previous standards wars, the allegiance of the studios proved decisive. Both Blu-ray and HD-DVD hold so much more data than today's DVDs that they can carry an entire season's worth of sitcoms, or splash high-definition films across a huge screen. However, they are incompatible because they are physically different. So it is costly for content suppliers and DVD-makers to adopt both technologies. HD-DVD is less expensive to manufacture because firms can simply upgrade existing production lines. But Blu-ray has an advantage because it will get into customers' hands by virtue of its inclusion in Sony's PlayStation 3 video-game console and in PCs, while HD-DVD technology will often require customers to buy a stand-alone HD-DVD player. Whoever wins the standards war will profit handsomely from the royalties for the technology. Around 70 companies have contributed intellectual property to Blu-ray, and slightly fewer to HD-DVD. The licensing fee to use either standard is not set, but it is expected to be a bit more than the current $12 for a DVD player, $5 for a PC drive, and around 15 cents for a disc. Sony's Blu-ray counts Apple, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and Philips among its backers. Toshiba's HD-DVD is supported by Microsoft and Intel. This is partly because it incorporates Microsoft technology called iHD for interactive services, and a feature called managed copy that lets users copy films on to PCs and other devices, which Blu-ray (being more sensitive to the copyright interests of the studios) does not allow. In October, Hewlett-Packard proposed that Blu-ray adopt both features. Meanwhile, China has proposed its own standard for high-capacity DVDs, to avoid paying royalties to foreign firms. If HD-DVD does not admit defeat and the standards war remains unresolved, it will delay the adoption of a new DVD format by two years as consumers balk before buying, predicts Ted Schadler of Forrester, a market-research firm which has just issued a report predicting that Blu-ray will ultimately win the battle. Strangely, the war comes at a time when the very notion of having a physical product to hawk intangible media threatens to become anachronistic. In future, consumers will increasingly get content over networks, not on shiny disks. This recent Economist Tech Quarterly had an interesting article about how websites were opening up their code in order to let the users innovate using the data. This article talks about it is a growing trend for small time developers to combine the best of different websites and repackage them together in creative, and useful, ways that the original designer could never have dreamed of. Is this open source mentality now the future of web development? Before Google even released the API for Maps, programmers were already figuring out ways to hack it and adapt it to their own use. This past summer, Google, Yahoo!, and MSN all officially opened to their Mapping code so that this could be integrated into other services. It would be difficult, if not impossible, for these firms to protect their sites from being hacked so, rather than waste a lot of money building in protections, they have cleverly partnered these rouge programmers. This, if you cant beat, them join them strategy also has some side benefits. In addition to building some good will among the influential techies, it serves as a nice advertising tool to introduce new users to their product. It is helpful to Google that, when people search Craiglist, they can do it via a Google interface and are exposed to their mapping technology. Although good for Google, mashing also has a tendency to foster creativity that is good for all consumers. Who could argue that the value of Craigslist and Google maps together is not greater than the sum of the two individual parts? "Mashing the web Software: Programmers are combining data from different websites to create mash-up sites with entirely new capabilities Sep 15th 2005 From The Economist print edition ARMED with a stack of house-listing printouts from  HYPERLINK "http://www.craigslist.com/" \t "_blank" Craigslist.com, a popular website, Paul Rademacher was driving around Silicon Valley late last year looking for a place to live. It was not until he was about to park that he looked up and realised he had already visited the same house earlier. Surely, he thought, there had to be a better way to evaluate and visualise a list of housing options. And so there was. In February, Mr Rademacherwho by day was a software engineer at DreamWorks Animationbegan building a website that combines the mapping capabilities of Google's search engine with housing listings from Craigslist. The result,  HYPERLINK "http://www.housingmaps.com/" \t "_blank" HousingMaps.com, creates maps showing houses or apartments in a particular city within a designated price range. The site went live in April, and is a leading example of one of the latest internet trends: the web mash-up. HousingMaps instantly attracted a crowd and has since been visited by more than 850,000 people. The term mash-up is borrowed from the world of music, where it refers to the unauthorised combination of the vocal from one song with the musical backing of another, usually from a completely different genre. Web mash-ups do the same sort of thing, combining websites to produce useful hybrid sites and illustrating the internet's underlying philosophy: that open standards allow and promote unexpected forms of innovation. Mash-ups are emblematic of the direction of the web, says Paul Levine, the general manager of Yahoo! Local, a subsidiary of one of the web's most popular sites. This is about participants in the web community opening up their systems. It may also be about good business. By building their sites using open standards, and so making it easier for customers and developers to build other sites that plug into them, companies can both encourage innovation and boost their own popularity. When you lower the barriers to entry, interesting things happen, says Tim O'Reilly, president of O'Reilly & Associates, a firm based in Sebastopol, California that publishes programming handbooks. The players who figure this out will wield a great deal of economic power. As often happens online, this trend is being driven from the bottom up, by users. Most mash-ups happen without the sites that supply the data even knowing about it. For example, Greg Sadesky, a programmer based in Quebec City, grabbed textual data from Yahoo! Traffic and map data from Google without consulting either firm, to create a mash-up (see  HYPERLINK "http://traffic.poly9.com/" \t "_blank" traffic.poly9.com) that produces traffic maps. Similarly, Chris Smoak, who lives in Seattle, has mashed together several traffic, web-cam, transport-information and map sites to create Seattle Bus Monster, a public-transit site for the Seattle area (see  HYPERLINK "http://www.busmonster.com/" \t "_blank" www.busmonster.com). The rise of online journals, or blogs, has spurred the mash-up trend by bringing programmers together to discuss new ideas and tricks. Mr Sadesky credits the inspiration for his traffic-map mash-up to the blog run by John Resig ( HYPERLINK "http://ejohn.org/" \t "_blank" ejohn.org), which explains how to extract traffic data from Yahoo!'s website. Mashing is getting easier for these after-hours programmers as big websites start to cater to their needs.  HYPERLINK "http://www.chicagocrime.org/" \t "_blank" ChicagoCrime.org, a mash-up that lets visitors view crime data by street, date, type and zip code on a map of Chicago, for example, said at the end of June that Google's decision to release an official method for linking to its maps had made the site far more reliable. Yahoo! opened up its map data in a similar way in June, and in July Microsoft unveiled a pre-release version of its mapping site,  HYPERLINK "http://virtualearth.msn.com/" \t "_blank" MSN Virtual Earth. It includes a Community button to help programmers create websites that incorporate data from Virtual Earth. Such firms are happy to see their sites get mashed. At the Where 2.0 conference in San Francisco this summer, Brett Taylor, the product manager of  HYPERLINK "http://maps.google.com/" \t "_blank" Google Maps, noted that everyone is doing it alreadyso why fight it? A mash-up lets a company like Google tap into the creativity of the world's programmers, says Nathan Torkington of O'Reilly Media, who was the conference chairman. So will mash-ups march on? Only if they lead to revenue, some predict. Something has to evolve, says Craig Donato, the founder of  HYPERLINK "http://www.oodle.com/" \t "_blank" Oodle, a site with local buying, selling and donation listings. If the information being mashed is useful, he says, it is probably expensive for the originated sites to put on the web in the first place. At the Where 2.0 conference, Mr Taylor of Google said that programmers were free to use Google maps for mash-ups that were free to consumersbut added that his firm reserved the right to deliver maps with advertisements on them in future. Dave McClure of  HYPERLINK "http://www.simplyhired.com/" \t "_blank" Simply Hired, a recruitment site based in Silicon Valley, says he expects the mash-up scene to change, just as the blogging scene did when Google's advertisement-placing service, AdSense, first appeared and turned free content into a monetisable data source. There are already signs that mash-ups have commercial potential.  HYPERLINK "http://www.simplyhired.com/" \t "_blank" Simply Hired and the social-networking site  HYPERLINK "https://www.linkedin.com/home?trk=logo" \t "_blank" LinkedIn, for example, have already mashed themselves together. If you are a member of LinkedIn and go searching for a job on Simply Hired, you can link from a job listing to a list of LinkedIn contacts who could get you an introduction at the company in question. As well as helping users to land a job, this mash-up should help the two websites to boost their traffic. And in August,  HYPERLINK "http://www.salesforce.com/" \t "_blank" Salesforce.com, a pioneering provider of business software that runs inside web browsers, announced Smashforce, an initiative to make it easier to incorporate its software into mash-ups. A firm could, for example, combine a list of sales prospects with a map, to help a salesman plan his route. All told, the urge to mix things up should keep companies and programmers busy for the foreseeable futuretoo busy, sometimes, even to use their own mash-ups. Mr Smoak, who created his mash-up during evenings and weekends, says he never gets up early enough to take the bus to his day job, at Amazon. I'm not an early riser, he says. But if I stay up late I can do projects like this. And what of Mr Rademacher's housing search? The popularity of his website helped land him a job at Google, but has also kept him so busy that he has not had time for any more house-hunting." With all of Yahoo and Googles success in search advertising, its easy to focus on online advertising as an unabashed success. I think this article really brought to mind that there is one bigger loser in all these technological advances the newspaper. This is a channel whose peak was in the early 20th century and has been slowly battered by one interactive media after the next taking away customers. First it was radio advertising, then TV advertising, and now Internet advertising might just put the nail in the coffin. Online advertising has just about every natural advantage working in its favor in the competition versus newspapers: virtually free distribution costs, user base not limited by geography, customer data to target advertising on the individual level, and an easily track-able response vehicle (clicks) to prove ROI to advertisers. With classified advertisers quickly realizing these facts, newspapers will need to find another funding vehicle to subsidize their content production. Although the result of the battle with newspapers seems to written in the wind, the upcoming battle between Google Base and eBay is far from decided. On paper, it would seem that eBay would have every natural advantage developed infrastructure, trusted payment vehicle in PayPal, and, most importantly, a huge network effect of users. With this in mind, it seems that Google would have to come up with something rather extraordinary to gain any real traction. Even if they do come up with a better interface or a different pricing scheme, it seems unlikely that it will be something eBay couldnt match. Look at how long it took Yahoo to catch up in search quality and maps! In general, I think its interesting that Google has chosen to enter markets recently where the switching costs to the user are very high. They were able to prosper in search because the user had no entrenched loyalty or hook keeping people to AOL or Yahoo search. With Googles foray into the instant message space with Googletalk and into eBay/Craigslists space with GoogleBase, they are entering terrains that have huge network effects working against them. It will be interesting to see whether all their current hype can help them overcome this! Online advertising Classified calamity Nov 17th 2005 From The Economist print edition Small ads are flooding away from newspapers and onto the internet  HYPERLINK "http://www.economist.com/background/displayBackground.cfm?story_id=5176305" \t "background" Get article background RUPERT MURDOCH once described them as the rivers of goldthe lucrative classified-advertising revenues that flowed into big newspaper groups. But the golden rivers are being diverted online as the internet breaks the grip that local and regional newspapers once held over their advertising markets. Typically, a local newspaper would expect to get some 80% of its revenue from advertising, of which around two-thirds would come from classifieds. But last year in the San Francisco Bay area, job ads worth some $60m were lost from newspapers to the web, reckons Classified Intelligence, a consultancy. Emap, a British publisher, recently gave warning of a 30% decline in recruitment ads in one of its titles, Nursing Times, following the launch of a free  HYPERLINK "http://www.jobs.nhs.uk/" \t "_blank" website for jobs in Britain's National Health Service. The internet has become the fastest-growing advertising medium. Online ad revenues reached $5.8 billion in the first six months of this year in America, up 26% on the same period last year, according to a joint study by the Interactive Advertising Bureau and PricewaterhouseCoopers. In Britain, online ad revenues surged by 62% in the same period to almost 500m ($870m). Search advertisingthe small text-ads that appear alongside Google and Yahoo! searchesaccount for 40% of the online ad market. Another 20% goes to display ads and 18% to classified advertising. But search advertising can also work like a small ad and will increasingly challenge print classifieds as websites develop localised and more elaborate services for online users. Perhaps the most significant development came on November 16th, when Google started up a prototype service called  HYPERLINK "http://base.google.com/" \t "_blank" Google Base. It offers a searchable database of free listings, including small ads which can be narrowed down to postal regions. Among its first offerings were used cars. In time, Google could challenge eBay, whose own auction listings now work much like a giant classified websiteespecially with its buy-it-now options. But eBay charges sellers. Even so, it sold more than 450m items in the three months to September 30th, for almost $11 billion. In response, most print publishers are expanding online. Mr Murdoch is buying websites including  HYPERLINK "http://www.propertyfinder.com/" \t "_blank" Propertyfinder and  HYPERLINK "http://www.myspace.com/" \t "_blank" MySpace, a social-networking site. Newspaper groups have teamed up to jointly operate websites to compete with  HYPERLINK "http://www.monster.com" \t "_blank" Monster for recruitment ads. But the online operators are expanding too. eBay, for instance, is building a global network of classified sites under the  HYPERLINK "http://www.kijiji.com/" \t "_blank" Kijiji brand. It also has a stake in the popular  HYPERLINK "http://www.craigslist.org/" \t "_blank" Craigslist which, having soaked up so many listings around its San Francisco home, is now frightening other newspapers as it expands its mostly-free ads service to other cities around the world. 0   & * 1 @ M ] u}llhZRhJh xh!45h!4CJaJh!40JCJOJQJaJh!4!h'1'hyB*OJQJ^Jph!h'1'h+B*OJQJ^Jph!h'1'h xB*OJQJ^Jph!h'1'h5B*OJQJ^Jph!h'1'hN5B*OJQJ^Jph!h'1'h!4B*OJQJ^Jph,h'1'h5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,h'1'h'1'5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph0 v$Eh d"#F&I(*v+w+ ---\--gd &dPgd!4\$gd xgd!4tuv"#OPZ[#$FGtuDE~g h ! !c"d"h"##$$S$T$]$^$$$%%-%.%D&F&'̾̾̾ܯ̾̾!h&?Eh$pB*OJQJ^Jphh!46CJOJQJ]aJh!40JCJOJQJaJjh!4CJOJQJUaJh!4CJOJQJaJh!4CJOJQJaJh!4h xCJaJ8'H(I((*U*\*,,, - - ---,-\-^---̻̪̪̙xbOx9x+hh5B*CJOJQJ\aJph%hhB*CJOJQJaJph+hh5B*CJOJQJ\aJphhhB*ph+hh5B*CJOJQJ\aJph3!h&?Eh!4B*OJQJ^Jph!h&?EhGNB*OJQJ^Jph!h&?Eh$pB*OJQJ^Jph!h&?Eh'B*OJQJ^Jph!h&?Eh'1'B*OJQJ^Jph!h&?Eh$B*OJQJ^Jph---------...... . . .00q3r3667799;;<<=ȸ踨蕆udS!h&?EhB*OJQJ^Jph!h&?EhB*OJQJ^Jph h&?EhCJOJQJ^JaJh&?EhCJOJQJaJ%hhB*CJOJQJaJphjhhB*UphjhhB*UphhhCJaJ)hhB*CJOJQJ^JaJphhhB*phhhB*phy( -----.i<kdc$$IfT634aT $IfgdAkd$IfK$L$` 6 -6-34a $$Ifa$gdK$.. . . .0r3679<|wkkkkkWdd&dP[$\$gd dd[$\$gdgd<kdP$$IfT634aT $Ifgd<kdsP$$IfT634aT ======R>??@0A1AMASATAAAAABBB B!B"B1B2B4BBB̻̪ݙzl]zNzh!45CJOJQJ\aJh!45CJOJQJ\aJh!40JCJOJQJaJh!4CJOJQJaJ%h!4hB*CJOJQJaJph!h&?Eh'1'B*OJQJ^Jph!h&?EhoB*OJQJ^Jph!h&?EhA4wB*OJQJ^Jph!h&?EhB*OJQJ^Jph!h&?EhB*OJQJ^Jph!h&?EhfBB*OJQJ^Jph<=?1A B!BBBDGHKORTVX\c^d^e^x`y`\b]b/d0d4g &dPgd!4gd!4gdgd'1'BCCGCHCVCWCDDEEEEEEGGHHKKMMEMFMWMXMENFNzN{NNNvOwOOOOOOO]P^PPPPP&R'R]R^RoRpRRRtSuSSSSSTTUUJUKUPUQUWWOWPW\W]WUXVXXXXXh!4CJOJQJaJh!40JCJOJQJaJjh!4CJOJQJUaJh!4CJOJQJaJPXXXXX_kNv>pN~FN4>_kNv>pJFIFddDucky#This combo picture shows large booths for the promotion of the next generation DVDs, Blu-ray Disk Association (L) headed by Sony and Toshiba's HD DVD promotion group during Asia's largest electronics trade show Ceatec in Tokyo, 05 October 2005. Sony won a crucial boost 21 October in a war over new DVD formats as Warner Bros. became the latest Hollywood studio to announce its support for the struggling electronics icon's Blu-ray technology. Warner Bros is already a member of a rival format group led by Toshiba, which said that the Time Warner unit continued to collaborate closely with the group towards a commercial launch of its HD DVD technology. 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