ࡱ> ,.+7 bjbjUU "$7|7|lNNNNNNNb 4b PPPPPPPP  $ - NPPPPP NNPP  PRNPNP P NN PD b 0 6 bbNNNNUS Foreign Policy Between the Wars Key Themes and Issues: 1. The Myth of interwar isolationism 2. U.S. Actions in Latin America 3. Economic Aspects 4. The Road to WWII Curious Isolationism (Unilateralism): The day of isolation in world affairs in over, Ogden Mills, 1926 Refusal to join the League of Nations did not represent a turning away from the rest of the world. US more involved in world affairs than ever before: Naval Disarmament pacts: Washington Naval Conference 1921, Military involvement in Latin America dollar diplomacy (informal empire) around the world. Key issue is not whether US should participate in world affairs, but the nature & extent of that involvement The United States adopted a generally unilateralist outlook during this period Unwilling to turn over its decisions to a higher body (League of Nations). LATIN AMERICA 1: The Monroe Doctrine 1820 1904 Roosevelt Corollary (ie Platt Amendment 1902) Dollar Diplomacy US interests: Protect US property and internal disorder (fear of European involvement) Caribbean Basin Following WWI: Threat of European intervention no longer significant By 1920 the US had troops in Nicaragua, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Honduras Herbert Hoover shifts over to a less interventionist policy Good Neighbor continued by FDR. By 1934 no US troops left in Latin America Latin America 2 (Nicaragua): Example of the shift from Dollar Diplomacy to Good Neighbor Entrance of US troops to aid a revolt against the Nicaraguan liberal party regime Control over all finances. Quest to find acceptable conservative party regimes The problem of Agusto Sandino US intervention: 1927-1933 US pullout and dictatorship General pattern: US pulls out leaving strong dictators in charge - Somoza, Trujillo. Latin America 3: (Good Neighbors?): Loans to buy US goods Reciprocal Trade Agreements, 1934- Favored Nation Trading Status/ Reduced US tariffs Pan-American Conferences Montevideo, 1933; Lima, 1938; Panama, 1939 Affirmed sovereign rights of L-A nations; declared solidarity, mutual interests, even collective security Proclaimed policy of non-interference in L-A internal affairs 1934 Treaty with Cuba rejects 1903 Platt Amendment. Economic Aspects: Dollar Diplomacy in the rest of the world Loans: Dawes Plan 1924 US as the largest creditor nation in the world Open Door policy in Asia, Middle East Protectionism (tariffs) US policies retarded recovery of European economies making them susceptible to Depression and Totalitarian alternatives The New Order and the outbreak of War: Rise of Totalitarian Regimes: 1933 Germany 1931 Japan Appeasement: 1937 China 1938 Czechoslovakia US little influence on events Isolationism in the US: Nye Committee Report 1934 America First Committee World War Two: The Path to War US Phony War, 1939-40 Partisan Neutrality Pro-Allies vs Axis Draft, Sept. 1940 Lend-lease, March 1941 Convoy Protection Atlantic Charter, August 1941 War aims, though US not even in the war! Protect self-government Freedom of seas Postwar general security system (ie: UN) Freedom from fear & want Open Door economic system Japan Ambitions in China Invasion of Mancuria 1931 Invasion of China 1937 Invasion of Indochina 1940 US Response, 1941 Freezing of Assets Scrap metal embargo Oil Embargo Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7th 1941 War Declared, Dec. 8th 1941 Conclusions 1. There was some genuine isolationist sentiment, but few really wanted the US to stay out of world affairs completely. 2. US avoided formal alliances, but signed many treaties, accords etc. 3. Dollar Diplomacy remained the preferred means of conducting US foreign policy. 4. Military intervention was rare, except in Latin-America before the good neighbor policy of the 1930s. 5. Failure to join the League of Nations weakened that organization; also damaged US ability to influence foreign affairs & prevent international crises from escalating "hF j    2 yzZ!#=?ECJaJ4CJH*CJaJCJ OJQJaJ CJCJaJ1#$<axGTVgh/t F F G H I J K L i j  K i   2 U 7 v   1 W o /=JWcy2FZZr#=Z`t )EFRe \^`\ 1h/ =!"#$% i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH L@L Heading 11$7$8$@&H$5CJ0OJQJ\aJ0Z@Z Heading 2!1$7$8$@&H$^`CJOJQJ^JaJ<A@< Default Paragraph Font $HIJKLijKi2U7v 1 W o   / = J W c y    2 F Z r # = Z ` t ) 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 F Z  Z`ah> @   VLiW n 0 = > c d y z s # $ = > Y Z ` ) D Lyme Brian WardIC:\My Documents\UF Teaching\AMH2020\Lecture Presentations\Interwar_FP.doc@!@UnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :ArialA& Arial Narrow"qh%sF%sFC VQ !20 3QH"US Foreign Policy Between the WarsLyme Brian Ward Oh+'0 ( D P \hpx#US Foreign Policy Between the WarssS FLymereiymeymeNormali Brian WardP2iaMicrosoft Word 9.0e@F#@.\@.\C  ՜.+,0 hp  Homei #US Foreign Policy Between the Wars Title  !"$%&'()*-Root Entry F 6/1TableWordDocument"$SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8#CompObjjObjectPool 6 6  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q