ࡱ> 5@ Jbjbj22 "xXXJ(((((((<D(<qH)"""""""$gR(""((""+JJJ ("("JJ(Jr((r"< NF8rA0qr"r<<((((rJ(4"Z|@J4*"""<<$Y`\X4<<`\Command line reference for Oracle, Windows, Linux andOSX An A-Z Index of the Windows NT/XP command line  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/addusers.html" ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/arp.html" ARP Address Resolution Protocol  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/assoc.html" ASSOC Change file extension associations  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/associate.html" ASSOCIAT One step file association  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/at.html" AT Schedule a command to run at a later time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/attrib.html" ATTRIB Change file attributes  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/browstat.html" BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/cacls.html" CACLS Change file permissions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/call.html" CALL Call one batch program from another  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/cd.html" CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/change.html" CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/chkdsk.html" CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/chkntfs.html" CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/choice.html" CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/cipher.html" CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/cleanmgr.html" CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/clip.html" CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard. CLS Clear the screen CLUSTER Windows Clustering  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/cmd.html" CMD Start a new CMD shell  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/color.html" COLOR Change colours of the CMD window  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/comp.html" COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/con2prt.html" CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/copy.html" COPY Copy one or more files to another location  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/csvde.html" CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/date.html" DATE Display or set the date Dcomcnfg DCOM Configuration Utility  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/defrag.html" DEFRAG Defragment hard drive  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/del.html" DEL Delete one or more files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/delprof.html" DELPROF Delete NT user profiles  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/del.html" DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders  HYPERLINK "http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=311272" DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/dir.html" DIR Display a list of files and folders  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/diruse.html" DIRUSE Display disk usage  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/diskcomp.html" DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/diskcopy.html" DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another DNSSTAT DNS Statistics  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/doskey.html" DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/dsadd.html" DSADD Add user (computer, group..) to active directory DSQUERY List items in active directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/dsmod.html" DSMOD Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/echo.html" ECHO Display message on screen  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/endlocal.html" ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/del.html" ERASE Delete one or more files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/exit.html" EXIT Quit the CMD shell  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/expand.html" EXPAND Uncompress files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/extract.html" EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/fc.html" FC Compare two files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/fdisk.html" FDISK Disk Format and partition  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/find.html" FIND Search for a text string in a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/findstr.html" FINDSTR Search for strings in files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/for.html" FOR Conditionally perform a command several times  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/forfiles.html" FORFILES Batch process multiple files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/format.html" FORMAT Format a disk FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/fsutil.html" FSUTIL File and Volume utilities  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ftp.html" FTP File Transfer Protocol  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ftype.html" FTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/global.html" GLOBAL Display membership of global groups  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/goto.html" GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/help.html" HELP Online Help  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/hfnetchk.html" HFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/if.html" IF Conditionally perform a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ifmember.html" IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ipconfig.html" IPCONFIG Configure IP  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/kill.html" KILL Remove a program from memory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/label.html" LABEL Edit a disk label  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/local.html" LOCAL Display membership of local groups  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/logevent.html" LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/logoff.html" LOGOFF Log a user off  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/logtime.html" LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/mapisend.html" MAPISEND Send email from the command line  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/mem.html" MEM Display memory usage  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/md.html" MD Create new folders  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/mode.html" MODE Configure a system device  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/more.html" MORE Display output, one screen at a time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/mountvol.html" MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/move.html" MOVE Move files from one folder to another  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/moveuser.html" MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/msg.html" MSG Send a message  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/msiexec.html" MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/msinfo.html" MSINFO Windows NT diagnostics  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/mstsc.html" MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/munge.html" MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/mv.html" MV Copy in-use files HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/net.html"  NET Manage network resources  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/netdom.html" NETDOM Domain Manager  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/netsh.html" NETSH Configure network protocols  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/netsvc.html" NETSVC Command-line Service Controller  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/nbtstat.html" NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/netstat.html" NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/now.html" NOW Display the current Date and Time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/nslookup.html" NSLOOKUP Name server lookup  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ntbackup.html" NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ntrights.html" NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/path.html" PATH Display or set a search path for executable files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/pathping.html" PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/pause.html" PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/perms.html" PERMS Show permissions for a user  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/monitor.html" PERFMON Performance Monitor  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ping.html" PING Test a network connection  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/popd.html" POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/portqry.html" PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/print.html" PRINT Print a text file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/prncnfg.html" PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/prnmngr.html" PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/prompt.html" PROMPT Change the command prompt  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/pushd.html" PUSHD Save and then change the current directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/qgrep.html" QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/rasdial.html" RASDIAL Manage RAS connections  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/rasphone.html" RASPHONE Manage RAS connections  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/recover.html" RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/reg.html" REG Read, Set or Delete registry keys and values  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/regedit.html" REGEDIT Import or export registry settings  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/regsvr32.html" REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL  HYPERLINK "http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=245031" REGINI Change Registry Permissions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/rem.html" REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ren.html" REN Rename a file or files.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/replace.html" REPLACE Replace or update one file with another  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/rd.html" RD Delete folder(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/rdisk.html" RDISK Create a Recovery Disk  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/rmtshare.html" RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/robocopy.html" ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/route.html" ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/runas.html" RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/rundll32.html" RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/sc.html" SC Service Control  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/schtasks.html" SCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/sclist.html" SCLIST Display NT Services  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/scriptit.html" ScriptIt Control GUI applications  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/set.html" SET Display, set, or remove environment variables  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/setlocal.html" SETLOCAL Begin localisation of environment changes in a batch file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/setx.html" SETX Set environment variables permanently  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/share.html" SHARE List or edit a file share or print share  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/shift.html" SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/shortcut.html" SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/showgrps.html" SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/showmbrs.html" SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/shutdown.html" SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/sleep.html" SLEEP Wait for x seconds  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/soon.html" SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/sort.html" SORT Sort input  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/start.html" START Start a separate window to run a specified program or command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/su.html" SU Switch User  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/subinacl.html" SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/subst.html" SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/tasklist.html" TASKLIST List running applications and services  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/time.html" TIME Display or set the system time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/timeout.html" TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/title.html" TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/touch.html" TOUCH Change file timestamps  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/tracert.html" TRACERT Trace route to a remote host TREE Graphical display of folder structure  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/type.html" TYPE Display the contents of a text file USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/ver.html" VER Display version information  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/verify.html" VERIFY Verify that files have been saved  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/vol.html" VOL Display a disk label  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/where.html" WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/whoami.html" WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/windiff.html" WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/winmsd.html" WINMSD Windows system diagnostics  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/winmsdp.html" WINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/wmic.html" WMIC WMI Commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/xcalcs.html" XCACLS Change file permissions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/nt/xcopy.html" XCOPY Copy files and folders An A-Z Index of Oracle SQL Commands (version 9.2)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/analyze.html" ANALYZE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/audit.html" AUDIT  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/call.html" CALL Cluster -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/cluster_c.html" CREATE CLUSTER Cluster -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/cluster_a.html" ALTER CLUSTER Cluster -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/cluster_d.html" DROP CLUSTER  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/comment.html" COMMENT  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/commit.html" COMMIT  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/connect.html" CONNECT  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/table_a.html" CONSTRAINT - Add / Enable Context -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/context_c.html" CREATE CONTEXT Context -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/context_d.html" DROP CONTEXT Controlfile -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/controlfile_c.html" CREATE CONTROLFILE Database -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/database_c.html" CREATE DATABASE Database -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/database_a.html" ALTER DATABASE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/delete.html" DELETE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/desc.html" DESCRIBE Dimension -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/dimension_c.html" CREATE DIMENSION Dimension -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/dimension_a.html" ALTER DIMENSION Dimension -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/dimension_d.html" DROP DIMENSION Directory -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/directory_c.html" CREATE DIRECTORY Directory -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/directory_d.html" DROP DIRECTORY  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/exec.html" EXEC  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/exec_imm.html" EXECUTE IMMEDIATE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/explain.html" EXPLAIN PLAN Function -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/function_c.html" CREATE FUNCTION Function -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/function_a.html" ALTER FUNCTION Function -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/function_d.html" DROP FUNCTION  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/grant.html" GRANT Index -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/index_c.html" CREATE INDEX Index -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/index_a.html" ALTER INDEX Index -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/index_d.html" DROP INDEX Indextype -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/indextype_c.html" CREATE INDEXTYPE Indextype -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/indextype_d.html" DROP INDEXTYPE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/insert.html" INSERT  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/union.html" INTERSECT Java -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/java_c.html" CREATE JAVA Java -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/java_a.html" ALTER JAVA Java -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/java_d.html" DROP JAVA Library -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/library_c.html" CREATE LIBRARY Library -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/library_d.html" DROP LIBRARY Link -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/link_c.html" CREATE DATABASE LINK Link -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/link_d.html" DROP DATABASE LINK  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/lock.html" LOCK TABLE Mview -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/mview_c.html" CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW Mview -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/mview_a.html" ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW Mview -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/mview_d.html" DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW Mview -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/mview_log_c.html" CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG Mview -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/mview_log_a.html" ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG Mview -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/mview_log_d.html" DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/union.html" MINUS  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/noaudit.html" NOAUDIT Operator - CREATE OPERATOR Operator - DROP OPERATOR Outline -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/outline_c.html" CREATE OUTLINE Outline -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/outline_a.html" ALTER OUTLINE Outline -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/outline_d.html" DROP OUTLINE Package -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/package_c.html" CREATE PACKAGE/BODY Package -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/package_a.html" ALTER PACKAGE Package -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/package_d.html" DROP PACKAGE Pfile -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/pfile.html" CREATE PFILE Procedure -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/procedure_c.html" CREATE PROCEDURE Procedure -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/procedure_a.html" ALTER PROCEDURE Procedure -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/procedure_d.html" DROP PROCEDURE Profile -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/profile_c.html" CREATE PROFILE Profile -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/profile_a.html" ALTER PROFILE Profile -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/profile_d.html" DROP PROFILE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/recover.html" RECOVER  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/rename.html" RENAME Resource -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/resource_a.html" ALTER RESOURCE COST  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/revoke.html" REVOKE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/rman.html" RMAN - Recovery Manager Role -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/role_c.html" CREATE ROLE Role -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/role_s.html" SET ROLE Role -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/role_a.html" ALTER ROLE Role -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/role_d.html" DROP ROLE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/rollback.html" ROLLBACK Rollback -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/rollback_c.html" CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT Rollback -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/rollback_a.html" ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT Rollback -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/rollback_d.html" DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/savepoint.html" SAVEPOINT Schema -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/schema_c.html" CREATE SCHEMA  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/select.html" SELECT Sequence -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/sequence_c.html" CREATE SEQUENCE Sequence -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/sequence_a.html" ALTER SEQUENCE Sequence -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/sequence_d.html" DROP SEQUENCE Session -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/session_a.html" ALTER SESSION  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/shutdown.html" SHUTDOWN  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/snapshot.html" SNAPSHOT SPfile -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/spfile.html" CREATE SPFILE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/startup.html" STARTUP Statistics -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/stats_assoc.html" ASSOCIATE STATISTICS Statistics -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/stats_dis.html" DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS Synonym -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/syn_c.html" CREATE SYNONYM Synonym -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/syn_d.html" DROP SYNONYM System -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/system_a.html" ALTER SYSTEM Table -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/table_c.html" CREATE TABLE Table -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/table_a.html" ALTER TABLE Table -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/table_d.html" DROP TABLE Tablespace -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/tablespace_c.html" CREATE TABLESPACE Tablespace -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/tablespace_a.html" ALTER TABLESPACE Tablespace -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/tablespace_d.html" DROP TABLESPACE Tablespace -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/temp_tspace_c.html" CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE Transaction -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/transaction_s.html" SET TRANSACTION Trigger -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/trigger_c.html" CREATE TRIGGER Trigger -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/trigger_a.html" ALTER TRIGGER Trigger -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/trigger_d.html" DROP TRIGGER  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/truncate.html" TRUNCATE Type - CREATE TYPE Type - ALTER TYPE Type - DROP TYPE Type - CREATE TYPE BODY Type - DROP TYPE BODY  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/update.html" UPDATE  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/union.html" UNION User -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/user_c.html" CREATE USER User -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/user_a.html" ALTER USER User -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/user_d.html" DROP USER View -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/view_c.html" CREATE VIEW View -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/view_a.html" ALTER VIEW View -  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/ora/view_d.html" DROP VIEW SYNTAX: Words in CAPS are Oracle commands, words in lower-case are the options you can modify. Sections enclosed in [] are optional, underlined options are the default Sections enclosed in {} are alternatives. The pipe symbol | indicates OR. An A-Z Index of the Linux BASH command line  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/alias.html" alias Create an alias  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/gawk.html" awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/break.html" break Exit from a loop  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/builtin.html" builtin Run a shell builtin  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cal.html" cal Display a calendar  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/case.html" case Conditionally perform a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cat.html" cat Display the contents of a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cd.html" cd Change Directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cfdisk.html" cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/chgrp.html" chgrp Change group ownership  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/chmod.html" chmod Change access permissions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/chown.html" chown Change file owner and group  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/chroot.html" chroot Run a command with a different root directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cksum.html" cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts clear Clear terminal screen  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cmp.html" cmp Compare two files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/comm.html" comm Compare two sorted files line by line  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/command.html" command Run a command - ignoring shell functions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/continue.html" continue Resume the next iteration of a loop  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cp.html" cp Copy one or more files to another location  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cron.html" cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/crontab.html" crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/csplit.html" csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/cut.html" cut Divide a file into several parts  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/date.html" date Display or change the date & time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/dc.html" dc Desk Calculator  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/dd.html" dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/declare.html" declare Declare variables and give them attributes  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/df.html" df Display free disk space  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/diff.html" diff Display the differences between two files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/diff3.html" diff3 Show differences among three files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/dir.html" dir Briefly list directory contents  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/dircolours.html" dircolors Colour setup for `ls'  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/dirname.html" dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/dirs.html" dirs Display list of remembered directories  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/du.html" du Estimate file space usage  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/echo.html" echo Display message on screen ed A line-oriented text editor (edlin)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/egrep.html" egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression eject Eject CD-ROM  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/enable.html" enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/env.html" env Display, set, or remove environment variables  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/eval.html" eval Evaluate several commands/arguments  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/exec.html" exec Execute a command exit Exit the shell  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/expand.html" expand Convert tabs to spaces  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/export.html" export Set an environment variable  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/expr.html" expr Evaluate expressions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/factor.html" factor Print prime factors  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/false.html" false Do nothing, unsuccessfully  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/fdformat.html" fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/fdisk.html" fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/fgrep.html" fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/find.html" find Search for files that meet a desired criteria  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/fmt.html" fmt Reformat paragraph text  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/fold.html" fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/for.html" for Expand words, and execute commands format Format disks or tapes free Display memory usage  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/fsck.html" fsck Filesystem consistency check and repair.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/function.html" function Define Function Macros  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/gawk.html" gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/getopts.html" getopts Parse positional parameters  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/grep.html" grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/groups.html" groups Print group names a user is in  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/gzip.html" gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/hash.html" hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/head.html" head Output the first part of file(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/history.html" history Command History  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/hostname.html" hostname Print or set system name  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/id.html" id Print user and group id's  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/if.html" if Conditionally perform a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/import.html" import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/man.html" info Help info  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/install.html" install Copy files and set attributes  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/join.html" join Join lines on a common field  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/kill.html" kill Stop a process from running  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/less.html" less Display output one screen at a time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/let.html" let Perform arithmetic on shell variables  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/ln.html" ln Make links between files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/local.html" local Create variables  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/locate.html" locate Find files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/logname.html" logname Print current login name  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/logout.html" logout Exit a login shell  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/lpc.html" lpc Line printer control program  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/lpr.html" lpr Off line print lprint Print a file lprintd Abort a print job lprintq List the print queue  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/lprm.html" lprm Remove jobs from the print queue  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/ls.html" ls List information about file(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/m4.html" m4 Macro processor  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/man.html" man Help manual  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/mkdir.html" mkdir Create new folder(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/mkfifo.html" mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/mknod.html" mknod Make block or character special files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/more.html" more Display output one screen at a time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/mount.html" mount Mount a file system  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/mtools.html" mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/mv.html" mv Move or rename files or directories  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/nice.html" nice Set the priority of a command or job  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/nl.html" nl Number lines and write files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/nohup.html" nohup Run a command immune to hangups  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/passwd.html" passwd Modify a user password  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/paste.html" paste Merge lines of files pathchk Check file name portability  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/popd.html" popd Restore the previous value of the current directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/pr.html" pr Convert text files for printing printcap Printer capability database printenv Print environment variables  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/printf.html" printf Format and print data  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/ps.html" ps Process status  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/pushd.html" pushd Save and then change the current directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/pwd.html" pwd Print Working Directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/quota.html" quota Display disk usage and limits  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/quotacheck.html" quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/quotactl.html" quotactl Set disk quotas  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/ram.html" ram ram disk device  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/rcp.html" rcp Copy files between two machines.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/read.html" read read a line from standard input  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/readonly.html" readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly remsync Synchronize remote files via email  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/return.html" return Exit a shell function  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/rm.html" rm Remove files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/rmdir.html" rmdir Remove folder(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.rpm.org/" rpm Remote Package Manager  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/rsync.html" rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees) screen Terminal window manager  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/sdiff.html" sdiff Merge two files interactively  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/sed.html" sed Stream Editor  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/select.html" select Accept keyboard input  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/seq.html" seq Print numeric sequences  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/set.html" set Manipulate shell variables and functions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/shift.html" shift Shift positional parameters  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/shopt.html" shopt Shell Options  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/shutdown.html" shutdown Shutdown or restart linux  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/sleep.html" sleep Delay for a specified time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/sort.html" sort Sort text files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/period.html" source Run commands from a file `.'  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/split.html" split Split a file into fixed-size pieces  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/su.html" su Substitute user identity  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/sum.html" sum Print a checksum for a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/symlink.html" symlink Make a new name for a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/sync.html" sync Synchronize data on disk with memory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/tac.html" tac Concatenate and write files in reverse  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/tail.html" tail Output the last part of files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/tar.html" tar Tape ARchiver  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/tee.html" tee Redirect output to multiple files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/test.html" test Evaluate a conditional expression  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/time.html" time Measure Program Resource Use  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/times.html" times User and system times  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/touch.html" touch Change file timestamps  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/top.html" top List processes running on the system  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/traceroute.html" traceroute Trace Route to Host trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/tr.html" tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/true.html" true Do nothing, successfully  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/tsort.html" tsort Topological sort  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/tty.html" tty Print filename of terminal on stdin  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/type.html" type Describe a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/ulimit.html" ulimit Limit user resources  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/umask.html" umask Users file creation mask umount Unmount a device  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/alias.html" unalias Remove an alias  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/uname.html" uname Print system information  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/unexpand.html" unexpand Convert spaces to tabs  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/uniq.html" uniq Uniquify files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/units.html" units Convert units from one scale to another  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/unset.html" unset Remove variable or function names  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/unshar.html" unshar Unpack shell archive scripts  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/until.html" until Execute commands (until error)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/useradd.html" useradd Create new user account  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/usermod.html" usermod Modify user account  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/users.html" users List users currently logged in  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/uuencode.html" uuencode Encode a binary file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/uuencode.html" uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b') vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/watch.html" watch Execute/display a program periodically  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/wc.html" wc Print byte, word, and line counts  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/whereis.html" whereis Report all known instances of a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/which.html" which Locate a program file in the user's path.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/while.html" while Execute commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/who.html" who Print all usernames currently logged in whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/xargs.html" xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/yes.html" yes Print a string until interrupted  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/period.html" .period Run commands from a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/bash/rem.html" ### Comment / Remark The tcsh command shell of Darwin Apple OS X(the open source core of OSX)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/alias.html" alias Create an alias alloc List used and free memory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/awk.html" awk Find and Replace text within file(s) basename Convert a full pathname to just a folder path  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/bash.html" bash Bourne-Again SHell (Linux)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/bless.html" bless Set volume bootability and startup disk options.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/break.html" break Exit from a loop  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cal.html" cal Display a calendar  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/switch.html" case Conditionally perform a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cat.html" cat Display the contents of a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cd.html" cd Change Directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/chflags.html" chflags Change a file or folder's flags.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/chgrp.html" chgrp Change group ownership  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/chmod.html" chmod Change access permissions  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/chown.html" chown Change file owner and group  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/chroot.html" chroot Run a command with a different root directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cksum.html" cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts clear Clear terminal screen  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cmp.html" cmp Compare two files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/comm.html" comm Compare two sorted files line by line  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/complete.html" complete Edit a command completion [word/pattern/list] continue Resume the next iteration of a loop  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cp.html" cp Copy one or more files to another location  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cron.html" cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/crontab.html" crontab Schedule a command to run at a later date/time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cut.html" cut Divide a file into several parts  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/date.html" date Display or change the date & time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/dc.html" dc Desk Calculator  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/dd.html" dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/df.html" df Display free disk space  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/diff.html" diff Display the differences between two files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/diff3.html" diff3 Show differences among three files dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/dirs.html" dirs Display list of remembered directories  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/diskutil.html" diskutil Disk utilities - Format, Verify, Repair  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/ditto.html" ditto Copy files and folders  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/dscl.html" dscl Directory Service command line utility  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/du.html" du Estimate file space usage  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/echo.html" echo Display message on screen ed A line-oriented text editor (edlin)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/enable.html" enable Stop or start printers and classes.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/env.html" env Set environment and run a utility  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/eval.html" eval Evaluate several commands/arguments  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/exec.html" exec Execute a command exit Exit the shell expect Programmed dialogue with interactive programs Also see  HYPERLINK "http://www.apple.com/applescript/" AppleScript  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/expand.html" expand Convert tabs to spaces  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/expr.html" expr Evaluate expressions false Do nothing, unsuccessfully  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/fdisk.html" fdisk Partition table manipulator for Darwin UFS/HFS/DOS  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/find.html" find Search for files that meet a desired criteria  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/fmt.html" fmt Reformat paragraph text  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/fold.html" fold Wrap text to fit a specified width  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/for.html" for Expand words, and execute commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/foreach.html" foreach Loop, expand words, and execute commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/fsck.html" fsck Filesystem consistency check and repair fs_usage Filesystem usage (process/pathname)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/ftp.html" ftp Internet file transfer program  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/getfileinfo.html" GetFileInfo Get attributes of HFS+ files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/getopt.html" getopt Parse positional parameters  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/goto.html" goto Jump to label and continue execution  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/grep.html" grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/id.html" groups Print group names a user is in  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/gzip.html" gzip Compress or decompress files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/head.html" head Display the first lines of a file hdiutil Manipulate iso disk images  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/history.html" history Command History hostname Print or set system name  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/id.html" id Print user and group names/id's  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/if.html" if Conditionally perform a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/info.html" info Help info  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/install.html" install Copy files and set attributes  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/jobs.html" jobs List active jobs  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/join.html" join Join lines on a common field  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/kill.html" kill Stop a process from running  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/ls.html" l List files in long format (ls -l)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/ls.html" ll List files in long format, showing invisible files (ls -la)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/less.html" less Display output one screen at a time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/ln.html" ln Make links between files (hard links, symbolic links)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/locate.html" locate Find files logname Print current login name  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/login.html" login log into the computer logout Exit a login shell (bye)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/lpr.html" lpr Print files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/lprm.html" lprm Remove jobs from the print queue  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/lpstat.html" lpstat Printer status information  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/ls.html" ls List information about file(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/lsbom.html" lsbom List a bill of materials file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/lsof.html" lsof List open files man Help manual  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/mkdir.html" mkdir Create new folder(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/mkfifo.html" mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/more.html" more Display output one screen at a time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/mount.html" mount Mount a file system  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/mv.html" mv Move or rename files or directories  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/net.html" net Manage network resources  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/nice.html" nice Set the priority of a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/nohup.html" nohup Run a command immune to hangups  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/onintr.html" onintr Control the action of a shell interrupt  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/open.html" open Open a file/folder/URL/Application  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/osascript.html" osascript Execute AppleScript  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/passwd.html" passwd Modify a user password  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/paste.html" paste Merge lines of files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/pbcopy.html" pbcopy Copy data to the clipboard  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/pbpaste.html" pbpaste Paste data from the Clipboard  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/pico.html" pico Simple text editor pmset Modify power management settings  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/popd.html" popd Restore the previous value of the current directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/pr.html" pr Convert text files for printing  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/printenv.html" printenv Print environment variables  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/printf.html" printf Format and print data  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/ps.html" ps Process status  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/pushd.html" pushd Save and then change the current directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/pwd.html" pwd Print Working Directory  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/quota.html" quota Display disk usage and limits  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/rcp.html" rcp Copy files between machines.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/repeat.html" repeat Execute a command multiple times  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/rm.html" rm Remove files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/rmdir.html" rmdir Remove folder(s)  HYPERLINK "http://www.rpm.org/" rpm Remote Package Manager  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/rsync.html" rsync Remote file copy - Sync file tree (also  HYPERLINK "http://archive.macosxlabs.org/rsyncx/intro.html" RsyncX)  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/say.html" say Convert text to audible speech  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/sched.html" sched Schedule a command to run at a later time.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/screencapture.html" screencapture Capture screen image to file or disk  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/sdiff.html" sdiff Merge two files interactively  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/sed.html" sed Stream Editor  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/set.html" set Set a shell variable = value  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/setenv.html" setenv Set an environment variable = value  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/setfile.html" setfile Set attributes of HFS+ files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/shift.html" shift Shift positional parameters  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/shutdown.html" shutdown Shutdown or restart OS X  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/sleep.html" sleep Delay for a specified time  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/softwareupdate.html" softwareupdate System software update tool  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/sort.html" sort Sort text files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/split.html" split Split a file into fixed-size pieces  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/jobs.html" stop Stop a job or process  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/su.html" su Substitute user identity  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/sudo.html" sudo Execute a command as another user  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/cksum.html" sum Print a checksum for a file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/switch.html" switch Conditionally perform a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/tail.html" tail Output the last part of files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/tar.html" tar Tape ARchiver  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/tee.html" tee Redirect output to multiple files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/test.html" test Condition evaluation  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/time.html" time Measure Program Resource Use  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/touch.html" touch Change file timestamps  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/traceroute.html" traceroute Trace Route to Host  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/tr.html" tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters true Do nothing, successfully  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/tty.html" tty Print filename of terminal on stdin  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/umask.html" umask Users file creation mask  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/umount.html" umount a device  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/alias.html" unalias Remove an alias  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/uname.html" uname Print system information  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/expand.html" unexpand Convert spaces to tabs  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/uniq.html" uniq Uniquify files  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/units.html" units Convert units from one scale to another  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/unset.html" unset Remove variable or function names  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/unsetenv.html" unsetenv Remove environment variable users Print login names of users currently logged in  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/uuencode.html" uuencode Encode a binary file  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/uuencode.html" uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/wc.html" wc Print byte, word, and line counts  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/where.html" where Report all known instances of a command  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/which.html" which Locate a program file in the user's path  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/while.html" while Execute commands  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/who.html" who Print all usernames currently logged on  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/id.html" whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')  HYPERLINK "http://www.ss64.com/osx/xargs.html" xargs Execute utility - passing arguments yes Print a string until interrupted Note: tcsh is the default shell in OS X Jaguar (10.2) Panther (10.3) and Tiger (10.4) default to bash - many commands do work in either shell, but this page will soon be updated to list the bash syntax. :;P]kl  # $ S T Y Z   < = m n t u ! & ' C D r s w x   7 8 > ? ׽ hZ" 0JhZ" jhZ" U#hwhZ" 5>*B*CJ aJ phhwhZ" 5>*CJ aJ hZ" hZ" 5>*CJ(aJ(hZ" hZ" 5CJ(aJ(F;<k# < C ||||||||!1||!1|7$d%d&d'd(d)fNOPQRSgdxK:$$d%d&d'd(d)fNOPQRSa$gdw$a$gdw$a$gdZ" J  l , VrVWw-Q!1!1!1!1!1!1!17$d%d&d'd(d)fNOPQRSgdxK? l m     , - ] ^ d e '(rs569:VWABFGwx  QR'( hZ" 0JjhZ" UhZ" ^QJk!q9%&p!1!1!17$d%d&d'd(d)fNOPQRSgdxK(/0JKxy<=@Akl!"TU]^IJOPLMQRqr9:himn &'hZ" jhZ" U hZ" 0J^'STVWpq"#TU\]{|=>nouv569:WX  45cdhi#$GHtuwx hZ" 0JjhZ" UhZ" ^"{=W4FGOP!1!1!1!1!1!17$d%d&d'd(d)fNOPQRSgdxK78@APQ% & + , S T !1!2!9!:!]!^!!!!!!!!!!! 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