ࡱ>  Mbjbj -E>     8U4^O]]sssNNNNNNNNNN$VPRO 2NN22O  ssO<<<2 s sN<2N<<KNsZ_2M8N.O0^OMSL:2SpNS NHN>!b<',`NNNOO~<NNN^O2222SNNNNNNNNN : AP U.S. History Name________________________ Mr. Pondy Chapter 30 The War to End War, 1917-1918 Glossary: To build your social science vocabulary, familiarize yourself with the following terms. mobilization The organization of a nation and its armed forces for war. Creel typified American war mobilization p.708 pardon The official release of person from punishment for a crime. presidential pardons were rather freely granted p.709 ration A fixed amount of food or other scarce commodity. He deliberately rejected issuing ration cards p.713 conscientious objector A person who refuses to participate in war on grounds of conscience or belief. about 4000 conscientious objectors were accused. P.715 Bolshevik The radical majority faction of the Russian Socialist Party that seized power in the October 1917 revolution; they later took the name Communist. A major American purpose was to snatch military supplies from Bolshevik control. p.716 salient A portion of a battle line that extends forward into enemy territory. nine American divisions joined four French divisions to the push the Germans from the St. Mihiel salient p.717 parliamentary Concerning political systems in which the government is constituted from the controlling partys members in the legislative assembly. Unlike all the parliamentary statesmen at the table, Wilson did not command a legislative majority at home. p.719 trustee A nation that holds the territory of a former colony as the conditional agent of an international body. The victors would receive the conquered territory only as trustees of the League of Nations. p.720 mandate A specific commission from the League of Nations that authorized a trustee to administer a former colonial territory. Japan was conceded the strategic Pacific Islands under a League of Nations mandate p.720 reservation A portion of a deed, contract, or treaty that places conditions or restrictions on the general obligations. he finally came up with fourteen formal reservations p.723 A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below. ___ 1. Germany responded to Wilsons call for peace without victory by proposing a temporary armistice. ___ 2. Wilsons proclamation of the war as a crusade to end all war and spread democracy around the world inspired intense ideological enthusiasm among Americans. ___ 3. Among Wilsons Fourteen Points were freedom of the seas, national self-determination for minorities, and an international organization to secure peace. ___ 4. The Committee on Public Information used an aroused American patriotism more than formal laws and censorship to promote the war cause. ___ 5. The primary targets of prosecution under the Espionage and Sedition Acts were German and Austrian agents in the United States. ___ 6. Even during the war mobilization, Americans were extremely reluctant to grant the federal government extensive powers over the economy. ___ 7. Despite bitter and sometimes violent strikes, American labor made economic and organizational gains as a result of World War I. ___ 8. Herbert Hoovers methods of forcible mobilization and rationing enabled the U.S. to increase food production and generously supplied the Allied war effort. ___ 9. The World War I conscription law enabled wealthier draft-age men to hire substitutes to serve in their places. ___ 10. War-inspired black migration into northern cities led to major racial riots in 1917-1919. ___ 11. Effective American fighting forces did not reach Europe until more than a year after America declared war. ___ 12. The passage of the Nineteenth Amendment granting womens suffrage guaranteed the permanence of womens wartime economic gains. ___ 13. American troops actually played only a small role in Allies final victory. ___ 14. When Woodrow Wilson arrived in Europe, the European public hailed him as a hero and a peacemaking savior. ___ 15. Before he would negotiate an armistice, President Wilson insisted that the Germans overthrow Kaiser Wilhelm II. ___ 16. Wilsons skillful handling of domestic politics strengthened his hand at the Paris Peace Conference. ___ 17. Other Allied leaders forced Wilson to make serious compromises in his 14 points in order to keep the League of Nations in the Treaty of Versailles. ___ 18. Wilsons unwillingness to compromise and accept Republican reservations to the Treaty of Versailles sent the whole treaty down to defeat. ___ 19. In the election of 1920, Republican Harding supported the League of Nations while Democrat Cox tried to evade the issue. B. Multiple Choice Select the best answer and write the proper letter in the space provided. ___ 1. The immediate cause of American entry into World War I was German support for a possible Mexican invasion of the southwestern United States. Germanys resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. the German defeat of France. desire of American munitions makers for large profits. ___ 2. Wilson aroused the somewhat divided American people to fervent support of the war by seizing control of the means of communication and demanding national unity. declaring the German people to be immoral Huns and barbarians. proclaiming an ideological war to end war and make the world safe for democracy. proclaiming the war a religious crusade. ___ 3. The capstone Fourteenth Point of Wilsons declaration of war aims called for the establishment of parliamentary democracies throughout Europe. guarantees of basic human rights for all people in the world. an international organization to guarantee collective security. freedom of travel without restrictions. ___ 4. The purpose of George Creels Committee of Public Information was to develop information on American wartime industrial production. to whip up public support for the war and promote anti-German propaganda. to develop counterintelligence information on German spies and saboteurs in the United States. to recruit volunteers for the armed forces. ___ 5. The two key laws aimed at enforcing loyalty and suppressing antiwar dissent were the War Mobilization Act and the National Defense Act. the Selective Service Act and the Public Information Act. the Eighteenth Amendment and the Anti-German Language Act. the Espionage Act and Sedition Act. ___ 6. Among the primary victims of the prowar propaganda campaign to enforce loyalty were German Americans and socialists. Russian Americans and communists. Mexican Americans and immigrants. African Americans and feminists. ___ 7. The mobilization for war gave new momentum to the movement for a constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote. a law granting labor unions the right to strike. a constitutional amendment granting African-American the right to travel freely. a constitutional amendment prohibiting child labor. ___ 8. American mobilization for the war characterized by a reliance on strict rationing and federal takeover of the economy. grants and loans from Britain and Germany. voluntary compliance and a patriotic citizen participation. industry-organized agencies to finance war and discipline labor. ___ 9. Particularly violent strikes erupted during and after World War I in the shipping and railroad industries. mining and steel industries. textile and clothing manufacturing industries. factories employing women war workers. ___ 10. The organizational genius who successfully mobilized American wartime food and fuel production was Woodrow Wilson Bernard Baruch Herbert Hoover John Pershing ___ 11. During World War I, African American military men served primarily in segregated, non-combat support units. the navy and the coast guard. the most dangerous trenches in northern France. in northern cities where their presence did not threaten the system of segregation. ___ 12. A major difference between the World War I Selective Service Act and the Civil War draft law was that in World War I women as well as men were drafted. in World War I it was not possible to purchase an exemption or to hire a substitute. in World War I draftees were sent immediately into front-line combat. In World War I draftees received the same training as professional soldiers. ___ 13. American soldiers were especially needed in the spring of 1918 in France because the Allied invasion of Germany was faltering short of its goal. Britain had moved many of its soldiers from the western front to Russia. a renewed German offensive was threatening to break through to Paris. the Russians were threatening to enter the war on the Germans side. ___ 14. Most of the military supplies for General Pershings expeditionary force came from Americas European Allies factories in the United States captured German matriel Britains colonies in Africa ___ 15. Wilson blundered when choosing American peace delegation by failing to have a set of clear diplomatic plans. include any Republicans in the delegation. consult with his key allies, Britain and France. include experts who would understand the intricate politics of Europe. ___ 16. The European powers and Japan weakened Wilson at the peace conference by refusing to support his proposed League of Nations. supporting the Republicans who were criticizing Wilson at home. demanding continuing American aid and involvement in European affairs. forcing him to compromise his ideals on matters of self-determination and punishment of Germany. ___ 17. Wilson bore considerable responsibility for the failure of the United States to join the League of Nations because he linked the League too closely to European politics. he ordered Democratic senators to defeat the pro-League treaty with the Lodge reservations. he failed to take the case for the League to the American public. he had agreed that America would pay most of the cost of the League. C. Identification Supply the correct identification for each numbered description. ___________ 1. Wilsons appeal to all the belligerents in January 1917, just before the Germans resumed the submarine warfare ___________ 2. Message that contained a German proposal to Mexico for an anti-American alliance __________ 3. Wilsons idealistic statement of American war aims in January 1918 that inspired the Allies and demoralized their enemies __________ 4. American government propaganda agency that aroused zeal for Wilsons ideals and whipped up hatred for the kaiser _________ 5. Radical anti-war labor union whose members were prosecuted under the Espionage and Sedition Act _________ 6. Weak federal agency designed to organized and coordinate U.S. industrial production for the war effort _________ 7. Constitutional provision endorsed by Wilson as a war measure whose ratification achieved a long-sought goal for American women __________ 8. Treasury Department bond-selling drives that raised about $21 billion to finance the American war effort __________ 9. The nations that dominated Paris Peace Conferencenamely, Britain, France, Italy, and United States __________ 10. Wilsons proposed international body that constituted the key provision of the Versailles Treaty _________ 11. Controversial peace agreement that compromised many of Wilsons Fourteen Points but retained his League _________ 12. Senatorial Committee whose chairman used delaying tactics and hostile testimony to develop opposition to Wilsons treaty and League of Nations __________ 13. A hard core of isolationist senators who bitterly opposed any kind of League; also called the Battalion of Death. __________ 14. Amendments to the proposed Treaty of Versailles, proposed by Wilsons hated senatorial opponent, that attempted to guarantee Americas sovereign rights in relation to the League of Nations __________ 15. Wilsons belief as to what the presidential election of 1920 should constitute a direct popular vote on the League of Nations D. Matching People, Places, and Events Match the person, place, or event in the left column with the proper description in the right column by inserting the correct letter on the blank line. ___ 1. George CreelInspirational leader of the Western world in wartime who later stumbled as a peacemaker___ 2. Eugene V. DebsSenatorial leader of the isolationist irreconcilables who absolutely opposed all American involvement in Europe___ 3. Bernard BaruchClimatic battle of World War I ___ 4. Herbert Hoover The tiger of France whose drive for security forced Wilson to compromise at Versailles___ 5. John J. PershingHead of the American propaganda agency that mobilized public opinion of World War I ___ 6. Alice PaulF. Folksy Ohio candidate whose 1920 presidential victory ended the last hopes for U.S. participation in the League of Nations___ 7. Meuse-ArgonneHated leader of the Americas enemy in World War I ___ 8. Kaiser Wilhelm II H. Head of the Food Administration who pioneered successful voluntary mobilization methods___ 9. Woodrow Wilson Leader of the pacifist National Womens Party who opposed U.S. involvement in World War I___ 10. Henry Cabot Lodge Defeated Democratic president candidate in election of 1920 ___ 11. Georges ClemenceauCommander of the overseas American expeditionary force in World War I___ 12. William BorahMassachusetts governor and Warren G. Hardings vice presidential running mate in the election of 1920___ 13. James CoxWilsons great senatorial antagonist, who fought to keep America out of League of Nations.___ 14. Calvin CoolidgeHead of the War Industries Board, which attempted to impose some order on U.S. war production___ 15. Warren G. HardingSocialist leader who won nearly a million votes as a presidential candidate while in a federal prison for antiwar activities E. Putting Things in Order Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. ___ Germanys resumption of submarine warfare forces the U.S. into a declaration of war. ___ The Senates final defeat of the Versailles treaty and a Republican election victory end Wilsons last hopes for American entry into the League of Nations. ___ The United States takes the first hesitant steps in toward preparedness in the event of war. ___ The effectiveness of American combat troops in crucial battles helps bring about an Allied victory in World War I ___ Wilson struggles with other Allied leaders in Paris to hammer out a peace treaty and organize the postwar world. Matching Cause and Effect Match the historical cause in the left column with the proper effect in the right column by writing the correct letter on the blank line. Cause Effect ___ 1. Germanys resumption of unrestricted submarine warfareLed to major racial violence in Chicago and East St. Louis, Illinois___ 2. Wilsons Fourteen PointsForced Democrats to vote against a modified treaty and killed American participation in the League of Nations___ 3. The wartime atmosphere of emotional patriotism and fearStopped the final German offensive and turned the tide toward Allied victory___ 4. Womens labor in wartime factoriesD. Allowed domestic disillusionment and opposi- tion to the treaty and League to build strength. ___ 5. The migration of African Americans to northern citiesE. Finally pushed the United States into World War I ___ 6. American troops entry into combat in the spring and summer of 1918Weakened the presidents position during the peacemaking process___ 7. Wilsons political blunders in the fall of 1918 Caused harsh attacks on German Americans and other Americans who opposed the war___ 8. The strong diplomatic demands of France, Italy, and Germany.Lifted Allied and American spirits and demoralized Germany and its allies___ 9. Senator Lodges tactics of delaying and proposing reservations in the Versailles Treaty.Forced Wilson to compromise his Fourteen Points in order to keep the League as part of the peace treaty___ 10. 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