ࡱ> Z\Y @  bjbj)) 4NKzKzTl\D+dl8*******$-Rn/*'''**???'"*?'*??& 7( P%jI.'W)l+0D+'Z0w0$7(7(0(Z@?Q4** )Lab Reports for Grade 11 and 12 Chemistry A good lab report does more than present data; it demonstrates the student's comprehension of the concepts behind the data. You need to organize your ideas carefully and express them coherently. The Title needs to contain the name of the experiment and the date. Titles should be straightforward, informative, and less than ten words (i.e. Not "Lab #4" but "Lab #4: Sample Analysis using a titration of dilute HCl"). The Abstract summarizes four essential aspects of the report: the purpose of the experiment, key findings, significance and major conclusions. The abstract often also includes a brief reference to theory or methodology. The information should clearly enable readers to decide whether they need to read your whole report. The abstract should be one paragraph of about 100 words. Indent on both sides and use italics. The Purpose or Question states the main goal or reason for the experiment. The Hypothesis gives your predicted outcome of the experiment Materials can usually be a vertical list or lists (not numbered.) Make sure it is accurate and complete. Procedure describes the process in chronological order, in numbered steps. Use the past tense passive: The beaker was heated. Results are usually dominated by calculations, tables and figures. Graphics need to be clear, easily read, and labelled. Report all values to the correct number of significant digits and report all of the units. Sample Calculations gives the detailed mathematical calculations performed in your results section. Report all values to the correct number of significant digits and report all of the units. Reaction Equations give the balanced chemical reaction of all reactions in the experiment. Discussion is the most important part of your report, because here, you show that you understand the experiment beyond the simple level of completing it. It is a chance for analysis and interpretation: What do the results indicate clearly? What have you found? Explain how you know what you know and why you are certain. What important physical laws or theories have been shown here? How well has the theory been illustrated? Show your understanding of the principles the experiment. What ambiguities exist? What questions might we raise? Find logical explanations for problems in the data: What is the significance of the results? How is this information applied to industry or everyday life? Analyze experimental error and analyze the strengths and limitations of your experimental design. Was it avoidable? Was it a result of equipment? If the flaws result from the experimental design, explain how the design might be improved. Do not say "human error" or We didnt do it carefully. Think of reasons why it was difficult or impossible to be more precise based on the equipment and design of the experiment. Think of variables that you were unable to account for or control. Was the experiment a FAIR TEST in terms of objective observation, one variable tested at a time and repetition? Compare your results to expected results and compare it to similar investigations and accepted values. In some cases, it is legitimate to compare outcomes with classmates, not to change your answer, but to look for any anomalies between the groups and discuss those. If there were differences, how can you account for them? Conclusion can be very short. Simply state what you know now for sure, as a result of the lab: References include your text book and any outside reading you have done. Use APA style. This handout was adapted from information found below: Laboratory Reports. (2002). Toronto: University of Toronto, Engineering Communication Centre. Retrieved August 20, 2010, http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~writing/handbook-lab.html#Discussion. Lab report Evaluation Excellent Good Satisfactory Needs Improvement Style and Components All required elements are present and additional elements that add to the report (e.g., thoughtful comments, graphics) have been added. No errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar. All required elements are present. A few errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar. One required element is missing, but additional elements that add to the report (e.g., thoughtful comments, graphics) have been added. Several errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar.Several required elements are missing. Several errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar. Results, calculations and EquationsData is displayed very clearly, labelled and calculations are done with the correct significant digits and units. Equations are balanced and correct and detailedData is displayed clearly, labelled and calculations are done with the correct significant digits and units. Equations are balanced and correct. Data is displayed somewhat clearly, labelled and calculations are done with the correct significant digits and units. Equations have a few mistakes or are not balanced.Data is not displayed clearly, labelled and calculations are done with the correct significant digits and units. Equations are not balanced or have many mistakes.DiscussionReport illustrates an accurate and thorough understanding of scientific concepts underlying the lab. Complete and thorough analysis and interpretation of the experiment. Application, error and limitations are carefully explained Several reputable background sources were used and cited correctly. Report illustrates an accurate understanding of most scientific concepts underlying the lab. Complete analysis and interpretation of the experiment. Application, error and limitations are explained. A few reputable background sources are used and cited correctly. Report illustrates a limited understanding of scientific concepts underlying the lab. Limited analysis and interpretation of the experiment. Application, error and limitations are somewhat explained A few background sources are used / not cited correctly/ not reputable sources. Report illustrates inaccurate understanding of scientific concepts underlying the lab. Weak analysis and interpretation of the experiment. Application, error and limitations are not carefully explained. No background sources or incorrect citations.  +,-pw' ( M s ˼˱즛wh\NBhkh5OJQJhkhk6>*OJQJhkhk6OJQJhkhk56OJQJ\hkh@;OJQJhkh9O5OJQJ\hkh!&OJQJhkhOJQJhkh9OOJQJhkh9OCJaJh^BpCJaJmHnHtH u#hkh@;CJaJmHnHtH uh!&h9OCJOJQJaJ%h!&h9OB*CJOJQJaJph,- s g wnn $Ifgd-,$If $IfgdUV 7$If] ^7gdF$Ifgd@;Tkd$$If0*  t 3f0*634` 3fap 3f$If     % . / > ? 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