ࡱ> 8:7Y(bjbj[[.(9 \9 \( 664(((((`bbbbbb$"((.((``:(%KK  L0RK#K#K#8"%=Q:K#6T :Pathophysiology - Exam Questions Valid from June 2009 GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Health and disease. Etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Gene and chromosomal abnormalities Rare and common alleles, monogenic and complex diseases Cell injury: causes, effects and responses Necrosis and apoptosis Malignant transformation: role of protooncogenes and suppressor genes Inflammation Acute phase reaction Alterations in immune reactions Healing, regeneration, repair Stress Pathophysiology of calcium homeostasis Pathophysiology of food intake Pain Hypoxia, ischemia and cyanosis. HIF. ORGAN SYSTEMS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Function of a cardiomyocyte Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances Systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunctions Valvular heart disease Congenital heart defects Atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and infarction Cardiomyopathies Cor pulmonale Concentric and eccentric heart hypertrophy Heart failure Shock: etiopathogenesis and different types Hypertension, primary and secondary Peripheral vascular diseases Metabolism of myocardium DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND NUTRITION Oesophagus, stomach and duodenum Exocrine pancreas Liver and bile system Small intestine Colon Nutrition and its disturbances ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS Hormone action. Endocrine hypofunction and hyperfunction Anterior and posterior pituitary Adrenal gland Glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus Pathophysiology of lipid metabolism Reproductive system Thyroid gland Metabolic bone diseases: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteodystrophy HEMATOLOGIC, RHEUMATOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS Anemias Hemostasis and thrombosis Mechanisms of anticoagulation and antiaggregation therapy Systemic rheumatic diseases Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis PULMONARY DISEASES Pulmonary gas exchange Respiratory system mechanics Control of ventilation Chronic obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases Allergic respiratory diseases Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary edema Venous thromboembolism Respiratory insufficiency: partial and global RENAL AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS Physiology of membrane transports Pathophysiology of membrane transports Relationship between plasma solute concentration and its excretion by the kidneys Renal perfusion and filtration Glomerular disorders Acute renal failure Chronic renal failure Tubulointerstitial disorders Physiology and general pathophysiology of water and electrolytes Disturbances of intravascular volume and tonicity Disorders of potassium homeostasis Acid-base balance disturbances Dysregulations of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium NEUROLOGIC DISEASES AND SPECIAL SENSES Disorders of consciousness and cognition The motor system The sensory system Basal ganglia, parkinsonism The cerebellar system Disorders of cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure Seizures and epilepsy Head pain Cerebrovascular disorders Infections of the central nervous system PRACTICAL TRAINING THEMES All practical exercises which have been performed in current course !,67P   , - b l s t $ ( ) * P Q p     7 8 9 > ? 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