ࡱ> AC@ 0bjbj 42 *1185L,%nnn{%}%}%}%}%}%}%'H*t}%9n|nnn}%11E%!!!nX1<{%!n{%!! $m|W$!t#$g%%0%+$,* **W$W$8*$nn!nnnnn}%}%!nnn%nnnn*nnnnnnnnn : Percent Yield Problems Theoretical Yield = The maximum amount of product that can be formed from given reactants. --Theoretical yield is the answer from the stoichiometry calculation = maximum possible amount ---Number based upon the theoretical mathematical equation no experiments were conducted. Actual Yield = The amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is carried out in the lab. --Due to a variety of factors, the actual amount will ALWAYS be less than the theoretical yield. ---In real life, we never get as much as we anticipate, this actual amount from the lab experiment. Percent Yield = The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a percentage.  EXAMPLE) How many grams of hydrofluoric acid (HF) are required to react completely with 23.68 grams of calcium hydroxide in the following reaction? _1_ Ca(OH)2 + __2_ HF ( __1_ CaF2 + __2_H2O 1 mol Ca(OH)2 2 mol HF 20.01 g HF 23.68 g Ca(OH)2 x ------------------ x ----------------- x ------------------ = 12.79 g HF 74.10 g Ca(OH)2 1 mol Ca(OH)2 1 mol HF Based on the stoichiometry of this problem, the Theoretical Yield for this problem is 12.79 g HF. But, when this experiment was conducted, an Actual Yield of only 10.41 g HF was collected. Using the equation for percent yield, the Percent Yield of this experiment was 81.39%.  1) A student adds 200.0g of C7H6O3 to an excess of C4H6O3, this produces C9H8O4 and C2H4O2. Calculate the percent yield if 231 g of aspirin (C9H8O4) is produced in an experiment. ___C7H6O3 +___C4H6O3 (___C9H8O4 +___C2H4O2 2) According to the following equation, Calculate the percentage yield if 550.0 g of toluene (C7H8)added to an excess of nitric acid (HNO3) provides 305 g of the p-nitrotoluene (C7H7NO2) product in a lab experiment. ___C7H8 +___HNO3 ___C7H7NO2 +___H2O 3 Aluminum reacts with an aqueous solution containing excess copper (II) sulfate. If 1.85 g Al reacts and the percentage yield of Cu is 56.6%, what mass of Cu is produced? ___Al +___CuSO4 ___Cu +___Al2(SO4)3 4) The combustion of methane(CH4) produces carbon dioxide and water. Assume that 2.0 mol of CH4 burned in the presence of excess air. What is the percentage yield if in an experiment the reaction produces 87.0 g of CO2? 5) 15.3 grams of Lithium is dropped into a solution containing excess copper II phosphate. When the reaction is completed, 1.25 grams of copper is formed. What is the percent yield?     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