ࡱ> ?A>a #jbjb,, kNN       ,l7&hX^*%,%,%,%,%,%,%,'R)~X% X%6"  %6"6"6"  *%6" $Dh    *%6"6":",  6#L 1b"# 6#&07&,# o*6"o*6#6"   Symbol formats The table below summarizes the correct format of statistical parameters. In many cases, Greek letters are used to indicate the population parameter for a statistic, and corresponding English letters are used to indicate the sample statistic that is an estimate of that population parameter. Symbols should be italicized in all cases where they represent a constant value. Associated subscripts and superscripts are generally not italicized (but see below): Population ParameterPopulation Parameter SymbolSample ParameterSample Parameter Symbolpopulation sizeNsample sizenpopulation mean (arithmetic)( (m in Symbol font)sample mean (arithmetic) EMBED Equation.3  (created using the Insert menu ( Object ( Microsoft Equation function in Microsoft Office). The word mean, as in mean = 27.2 is also acceptable.population mean (geometric)(G (mG in Symbol font)sample mean (geometric) EMBED Equation.3  (created using the Insert menu ( Object ( Microsoft Equation function in Microsoft Office). The abbreviation GM, as in GM = 27.2 is also acceptable.population mean (harmonic)(H (mH in Symbol font)sample mean (harmonic) EMBED Equation.3  (created using the Insert menu( Object ( Microsoft Equation function in Microsoft Office) The phrase harmonic mean, as in harmonic mean = 27.2 is also acceptable.population median EMBED Equation.3  (m-tilde created using the Insert menu ( Object& ( Microsoft Equation function in Microsoft Office)sample median EMBED Equation.3  ( x-tilde created using the Insert menu ( Object& ( Microsoft Equation function in Microsoft Office). The word  median , as in  median = 27.2 is also acceptable.population variance population standard deviations2 (s2 in Symbol font) s (s in Symbol font)sample variance sample standard deviation standard error of the mean coefficient of variations2 s SE or SEM CVpopulation skewness population kurtosisg1 (g1 in Symbol font) g2 (g2 in Symbol font)sample skewness sample kurtosisg1 g2population correlation coefficient (Pearson s) coefficient of determination (population)r (r in Symbol font) r2 (r2 in Symbol font)sample correlation coefficient (Pearson s) coefficient of determination (sample)r r2regression line interceptb0 (b0 in Symbol font) Regression line intercept (estimated from sample data)b0regression line slope(s)bi (bi in Symbol font, where i = the variable number)Regression line slope(s) estimates from sample data)bi (where i = the variable number)regression line variables: y and x(s)Your call: can be upper or lowercase, italicized or not.Symbols used in statistical tests: Probability should be expressed as P, and alpha as a (a in Symbol font). Critical values are generally not reported. There should always be a space on either side of any  equals sign ( = ). The test statistics z, t, chi-squared, and F should be represented as: za (or za/2) neither subscript is italicized, but the numerical value for a or a/2 is substituted for the a (or a/2). Often (n = the sample size) is also included. The P-value may or may not be reported ta (or ta/2) neither subscript is italicized, but the numerical value for a or a/2 is substituted. Always report the P value and the degrees of freedom or include the alpha and degrees of freedom in the subscript (e.g., t0.975,35 = the test statistic). Alternatively, report t = the test statistic (df, the degrees of freedom); P = the P-value). c2 needs to have the alpha and degrees of freedom reported, as well as the P-value: c2a,df = the test statistic (e.g., c20.05,12). Alternatively, report c2 = the test statistic (df , the degrees of freedom); P = the P-value). For F, always report both the numerator and the denominator degrees of freedom (e.g., F2,35 = the test statistic; P = the P-value) or include it in parentheses, e.g., (F(2,35) = the test statistic; P = the P-value). Other symbols of potential value: > greater than e" greater than or equal to (option >) >> much greater than < less than d" less than or equal to (option <) << much less than = equal to `" (option =) not equal to H" (option-x)  approximately equal to ( (Symbol font) or " (option-8) multiplication sign (option-/) division sign  (option--) subtraction sign ( m-dash , wider than   n-dash ) " (option-5) infinity symbol ((, the infinity symbol in Symbol font, is more often used) (option-shift-8) degree symbol 0 (option-shift-R)  parts per thousand symbol 2CDQSqrtui j k m n o e f g i j k ´ߠߠjhsEHOJQJU!jS: hsCJOJQJUVhsH*OJQJ jhsOJQJj`hsEHOJQJU!jt: hsCJOJQJUVjhsOJQJU jmhs6OJQJhs6OJQJhsOJQJhs0 23Lkd$$Ifl\ *R 2   04 la<<$Ifl xxxx#3CEQST>kd$$Ifl\ *R 2   04 la$ ($Ifl $($Ifl TqL M i >kd$$Ifl\ *R 2   04 la$ $Ifl $$Ifl  I J e | R >kd> $$Ifl\ *R 2   04 la$ $Ifl $$Ifl  e f y z { |  N P b d      d f x z ̮̔̃ul̔clchsH*OJQJhs6OJQJjhsEHOJQJU!j0\: hsCJOJQJUVhs6OJQJ!jChshsEHOJQJU%ja@ hsCJOJQJUV_H 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