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If the company does well, either by making money now or by doing things that other investors think will help it make money in the future, the value of your stock may go up. If the company does poorly - losing money, announcing job cuts or predicting that it won't earn as much money next quarter as it did last quarter - then your stock price may drop. Sometimes, a company will decide to pay a dividend on its stock. A dividend is a share of the company's earnings in the form of a cash payment. There are two general categories of stock. Most stockholders own common stock in a company. These stockholders have the right to elect the company's Board of Directors. A board of directors helps ensure that the company's management makes decisions keeping in mind shareholder interests. The other category of stock is preferred stock. Like owners of common stock, stockholders with preferred stock have an ownership stake in the company. However, owners of preferred stock usually don't have the right to vote for the board of directors. Also, many companies pay a dividend on its preferred stock. Stockholders of preferred stock get paid their dividend before holders of common stock.  A COMPANY GOES PUBLIC INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.younginvestor.com/images/shim.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Suppose you owned a music label called DiscMania. Business is going well, and you want to expand. You could take out a bank loan. But you'd have to repay it in a short time. Instead, you could sell company  HYPERLINK "Javascript:onClick=glossary('stock');" stock, which basically means you sell part of the ownership of DiscMania. This is what many companies do when they want to grow. They offer stock (sell it) to the public to raise the money they need. This means they become a publicly owned company. Why A Company Offers Stock Lets say you need $5 million to sign several new bands and purchase two recording studios. You would contact an investment banking firm, which would analyze DiscMania's business, help set a stock price and find investors who are willing to buy your stock. If the price of the stock were $5 per share, you'd need to sell one million shares of stock to raise the $5 million you need. Next, the investment banking firm would arrange an "initial public offering" (IPO) of your stock. They would provide potential investors with a  HYPERLINK "Javascript:onClick=glossary('prospectus');" prospectus that includes information about the stock and your company. They would also tell people how well DiscMania has performed and why the company might perform well in the future. After the initial public offering, if DiscMania meets certain requirements (such as a certain level of company income and the number of shares of stock available) and pays certain fees, the stock can be listed on an exchange, like the New York Stock Exchange. This makes it easier for shareholders to buy and sell shares of stock. Who Buys the Stock? The stockholders of DiscMania could be individuals, or they could be other companies such as banks, insurance companies or even mutual funds. If DiscMania earns money (or income), it may decide to pass portion of the income it receives, called  HYPERLINK "Javascript:onClick=glossary('dividend');" dividends, to its stockholders. Stockholders have two options when they receive dividends. They may request the dividend in cash or they may reinvest the amount and buy more stock in DiscMania. If DiscMania stock is owned by a mutual fund, then the fund usually passes a portion of the dividends it receives to fund shareholders. While the fund owns the stock, an increase in the stock's price usually shows up as a rise in the fund's share price. If the fund sells the stock, it usually passes along any (net) price increases as  HYPERLINK "Javascript:onClick=glossary('capitalgain');" capital gains. Of course, there may be some years when CD sales are slow and DiscMania loses money. If that happens, DiscMania's stock price could fall. Sometimes a stock price will rise or fall for reasons having nothing to do with the company directly - for example, when prices of many other stocks being sold on the market rise or fall in response to an economic or political event (such as a presidential election). Stock Market Project You are going to buy some shares of stock. You have 10,000 dollars to spend on one or more companies. You will buy as many shares of stock as possible with your 10,000 dollars. You will be required to follow your stock everyday for a month. You may use this website, or any other site or newspaper:  HYPERLINK "http://www.prongo.com/stock/index.pl" http://www.prongo.com/stock/index.pl. Every day you must report on the following items: The Name of your company. The total number of shares that you are going to buy in your company. The stock symbol of your company. 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