ࡱ>  |stuvwxyz{{ VbjbjBrBr ~  vC%x*x*+++4+++h<, H.+\108"888 HHSMN$W +QPFl HQPQPx*x*88 ] X X XQPx*8+8 XQP X X>:xL+T8hgPxs0*S+v,OO XO OXOOOUtOOOQPQPQPQPOOOOOOOOO >):  December 2012 Teacher's Guide for Dirty Business: Laundry Comes Clean with Chemistry Table of Contents  TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402292" About the Guide  PAGEREF _Toc342402292 \h 2  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402293" Student Questions  PAGEREF _Toc342402293 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402294" Answers to Student Questions  PAGEREF _Toc342402294 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402295" Anticipation Guide  PAGEREF _Toc342402295 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402296" Reading Strategies  PAGEREF _Toc342402296 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402297" Background Information  PAGEREF _Toc342402297 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402298" Connections to Chemistry Concepts  PAGEREF _Toc342402298 \h 22  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402299" Possible Student Misconceptions  PAGEREF _Toc342402299 \h 23  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402300" Anticipating Student Questions  PAGEREF _Toc342402300 \h 24  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402301" In-class Activities  PAGEREF _Toc342402301 \h 25  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402302" Out-of-class Activities and Projects  PAGEREF _Toc342402302 \h 27  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402303" References  PAGEREF _Toc342402303 \h 28  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402304" Web sites for Additional Information  PAGEREF _Toc342402304 \h 29  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc342402305" More Web sites on Teacher Information and Lesson Plans  PAGEREF _Toc342402305 \h 33  About the Guide Teachers Guide editors William Bleam, Donald McKinney, Ronald Tempest, and Erica K. Jacobsen created the Teachers Guide article material. E-mail:  HYPERLINK "mailto:bbleam@verizon.net" bbleam@verizon.net Susan Cooper prepared the anticipation and reading guides. Patrice Pages, ChemMatters editor, coordinated production and prepared the Microsoft Word and PDF versions of the Teachers Guide. E-mail:  HYPERLINK "mailto:chemmatters@acs.org" chemmatters@acs.org Articles from past issues of ChemMatters can be accessed from a CD that is available from the American Chemical Society for $30. The CD contains all ChemMatters issues from February 1983 to April 2008. The ChemMatters CD includes an Index that covers all issues from February 1983 to April 2008. The ChemMatters CD can be purchased by calling 1-800-227-5558. Purchase information can be found online at  HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.org/chemmatters/cd3.html" www.acs.org/chemmatters Student Questions Why doesnt water by itself clean clothes very well? Explain why water is a polar molecule. What are surfactants, and what effect do they have on water? What else do surfactants do, and how do they do it? What is a micelle? What role do enzymes play in cleaning clothes? What other factors besides chemical process are involved in cleaning? Whats the latest technology involved in laundry cleaning? Answers to Student Questions Why doesnt water by itself clean clothes very well? Water by itself doesnt clean clothes very well because water molecules tend to attract other water molecules but not molecules of oil or grease that are present in most stains. Explain why water is a polar molecule. Water is polar because of uneven distribution of electrical charges within the molecule. The oxygen atom, which has a stronger attraction for electrons than does hydrogen, draws the electrons from the oxygen-hydrogen bonds closer to its end of the molecule making that end partially negative, while the electron-deficient hydrogen atoms end of the molecule are partially positive. What are surfactants, and what effect do they have on water? Surfactants reduce waters surface tension. This helps water spread out more on the surface of fabrics, allowing them to absorb water faster. What else do surfactants do, and how do they do it? Besides reducing waters surface tension, surfactants are also cleaning agents. The surfactant molecule is composed of two partsa polar part and a nonpolar part. The polar part is attracted to water while the nonpolar part is attracted to grease and oil, thereby lifting the stain off the fabric and allowing the wash water to rinse it away from the fabric. What is a micelle? A micelle is a cluster of surfactant molecules surrounding a nonpolar oil/grease molecule. The nonpolar ends of the surfactant molecules point in toward the oil while their polar ends point away, attracted to polar water molecules around the oil. What are enzymes and what role do they play in cleaning clothes? Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up chemical reactions without being changed in the process. Different enzymes attack different types of stains: proteases attack protein stains; lipases attack stains composed of lipids or fats; and amylases attack starch-based stains. All these enzymes help remove stains from clothing. What other factors besides chemical process are involved in cleaning? Besides chemical processes, mechanical processes are also involved in cleaning. Clothes must be agitated to expose the stains to surfactants and water. Heat is also almost essential to cleaning. Besides its effect of speeding up chemical reactions in the washing machine, it also increases the solubility of both detergent in the water and stains from clothing. Whats the latest technology involved in laundry cleaning? The latest technology for cleaning laundry involves nanoparticles. Nanoparticles that actually repel stains have been incorporated into fabrics. Anticipation Guide Anticipation guides help engage students by activating prior knowledge and stimulating student interest before reading. If class time permits, discuss students responses to each statement before reading each article. As they read, students should look for evidence supporting or refuting their initial responses. Directions: Before reading, in the first column, write A or D indicating your agreement or disagreement with each statement. As you read, compare your opinions with information from the article. In the space under each statement, cite information from the article that supports or refutes your original ideas. MeTextStatementWater alone will remove odors from clothes.Surfactants increase the surface tension of water.Surfactants have a polar and a nonpolar part.Surfactant molecules surround stains so they can be lifted off the fabric being washed.Enzymes in laundry detergents usually remove only fats.A little saliva may help remove a stain.Agitation is unnecessary to remove dirt from clothes.Heat speeds up the chemical reactions involving enzymes, helping to remove dirt and stains.In the future, nanoparticles may make detergent obsolete. Reading Strategies These matrices and organizers are provided to help students locate and analyze information from the articles. Student understanding will be enhanced when they explore and evaluate the information themselves, with input from the teacher if students are struggling. Encourage students to use their own words and avoid copying entire sentences from the articles. The use of bullets helps them do this. If you use these reading strategies to evaluate student performance, you may want to develop a grading rubric such as the one below. ScoreDescriptionEvidence4ExcellentComplete; details provided; demonstrates deep understanding.3GoodComplete; few details provided; demonstrates some understanding.2FairIncomplete; few details provided; some misconceptions evident.1PoorVery incomplete; no details provided; many misconceptions evident.0Not acceptableSo incomplete that no judgment can be made about student understanding Teaching Strategies: Links to Common Core State Standards: Ask students to develop an argument about using synthetic fragrances, mascara, or laundry detergents. In their discussion, they should state their position, providing evidence from the articles to support their position. If there is time, you could extend the assignment and encourage students to use other reliable sources to support their position. Vocabulary that may be new to students: Calories Metabolism Maillard reaction Pheromones Surfactant Micelle Enzyme Directions: As you read, complete the chart below, describing the chemistry involved in cleaning your clothes. Substance or ProcessWhy does this help get clothes clean? Is it always necessary?Water SurfactantEnzymesAgitationHot waterFuture: Nanoparticles Background Information (teacher information) More on the history of detergents Synthetic detergents were first developed in Germany in 1916, partly in response to the shortage of fats being used for the war effort (World War I). The surfactant, marketed as Nekal, was not used much for cleaning clothes, even though it was slightly better at cleaning than soaps of the time (cost may have been a factor here); however, it was a very good wetting agent, and as such it was used extensively (and still is) in the dye and textile industries for that purpose. Not much happened with detergents for several decades. In the 1930s, detergents were produced in the United States, but they didnt sell well (probably because they didnt clean well at that time). As we now know, surfactants by themselves have limited usefulness in cleaning; builders, enzymes, etc. are needed to make surfactants work effectively and efficiently as detergents. It wasnt until World War II that shortages of animal fats (used to produce materials for the war effort) once again forced manufacturers to research the development of cleaning agents that could be synthesized from raw materials not essential for the war effort, and that could be used by soldiers to clean clothes in sea-water (lots of minerals that made it hard water) and in cold water. Another driving force behind research into new cleaning agents was the fact that cleaning with soap, especially in hard water, resulted in dingy looking clothes due to the residual accumulation of soap scum, called soap curd, on clothes. It was hoped that detergents could solve this problem. The first commercial detergent produced in the US was Dreft, made by Proctor and Gamble as early as 1933. Unfortunately, with detergent research still in its infancy, that product only worked at cleaning clothing with light or no stains, and in light loads. (Today it is still produced, but primarily used for baby clothing or for fine washables; e.g., silks or wools, because it is such a mild cleaning agent.) Until World War II, about the only cleaning material available for washing laundry was soap. Housewives (not being sexist herebut at that time, housewives pretty much did all the laundry) had gotten used to shaving soap to make small shavings or flakes to put into the wash water. Smaller pieces were needed because whole bars of even smaller pieces of soap wouldnt completely dissolve in the wash water, and would thus not be effective at cleaning. (This would be a good time to discuss with students the effect of particle size on reaction rate.) Proctor and Gamble had realized the usefulness of soap flakes in saving women time at home, and by 1910 they had manufactured Ivory Flakes as a prepared laundry soap. Apparently, P&G wasnt the first to produce soap flakes (that honor goes to Lever Brothers in 1889 in Europe and imported into the US in 1906), but P&G may have been the first company to actively advertise and promote their flakes product. In 1943, Proctor and Gamble created their then-brand-new miracle laundry cleaner Tide. This was the first time that a surfactant had been formulated to include builders, the materials that helped surfactant penetrate more deeply into fabrics, increasing their stain-removing powers. After much laboratory testing, the product was released to the public in 1946. It was such a success with housewives that it became the best-selling laundry cleaner within two weeks of its release, and it frequently sold out in stores and at first had to be rationed, until production could be ramped up. To give an idea of the enormous rise in synthetic detergent production, Table 1 compiled from figures submitted by the American Soap and Detergent Association and the German firm of Henkel & Cie shows both soap and detergent sales in the USA for various years to 1972. Table 1 US Soap and Detergent Sales YearSoap Sales (1000 tons)Synthetic Sales (1000 tons)194014104.5195013406551960583164519725874448These figures reveal that immediately after the Second World War synthetics started making inroads into the production of soap, which now seems to have settled down to a constant whereas synthetics have increased enormously. By 1959 although the US per capita consumption had somewhat levelled out, total production was still rising as shown in Table 2 which has been compiled from the 1963 Census of Manufacturers by the Bureau of Census of the US Department of Commerce and from the Henkel figures. Table 2 Comparative Production Figures for Synthetic Detergents 1958 (1000 tons) 1963 (1000 tons) 1972 (1000 tons)Domestic detergents (solid) 1200 1425 2672Domestic detergents (liquid) 354 640 1773The broad picture that appears from Table 2, is that while solid detergents (among which of course powders are included) are making great strides forward, the liquid detergents are increasing at a much faster rate. ( HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.co.nz/deterghistorypart3.htm" http://chemistry.co.nz/deterghistorypart3.htm) More on surface tension  Here is a very simple description of the cause of surface tension. The molecule in the centre of a beaker of water is very strongly attracted to all of its immediate neighbours, [due to the polar nature of water molecules and hydrogen bonding] and the pull is equal in all directions. The molecule on the surface, however, does not have any neighbours to speak of, in the air or gas phase above. It therefore, is being pulled inward. The result is a force applied across the surface like the skin pulled over a drum. The effect is defined as surface tension. (See Figure One). The related effect is that the water tends to seek the minimum surface area per unit of volume, or tends to form Figure One spheres of droplets. Schematic Sketch of ( HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm" http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm) Surface Tension More on detergents Laundry detergents are a mixture of many materials, and typically contain surfactants, builders, whiteners, brighteners, perfumes and dyes, anti-re-deposition agents, enzymes and fillers. Each of these is described in a paragraph that follows. Surfactants, short for surface active agents, interact with both water and oil/grease. They lift stains from fabrics by attracting nonpolar oil particles and forming micelles. These are then rinsed out of the wash water. Surfactants make up somewhere between 8 and 18% of the detergent. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na) is a typical laundry anionic surfactant. Another large-scale component of laundry detergents is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (C12H25C6H4SO3Na), a series of organic compounds (isomers). See More on surfactants below for more information on surfactants. Builders are essentially water softeners, substances added to detergent so that it works better in hard water conditions, where metallic cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ could form insoluble compounds that might re-precipitate back onto clothing, or that could react with the surfactants, thus reducing the efficiency of the detergent. Builders like phosphate can react with and remove these cations from the wash water (thus acting as water softeners in the wash cycle). Such compounds are among a group of substances called chelating agents, as they bind preferentially to di-cations (in this case, Ca2+ and Mg2+, which cause hard water). Compounds containing phosphate that once were prevalent in laundry detergents are sodium triphosphate (STP) or sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP). See More on phosphates below for information describing the demise of phosphates in laundry detergent. Other builders include sodium carbonate (washing soda), sodium silicate and borax (sodium tetraborate). In addition to being water softeners, builders are also basic, so they can neutralize acids in the system and aid the breakup of fat and oil molecules by rupturing their chemical bonds. They make surfactants more efficient, so manufacturers can use less surfactant in the mix. Almost half of the weight of a box of detergent can come from builders (typically 2045%). (Builders are cheaper than surfactants.) Whiteners are added to help make clothes appear whiter. Bleaches are the most common substances added to serve as whiteners. A drawback to using bleach is that most bleaches contain peroxides, which can also oxidize the fabric. While bleaches make stains colorless, they do not remove the stain, so you still need detergent if you want to wash away the stain. Bleach may comprise 1530% of the detergent. Typical bleaching agents are sodium percarbonate or sodium perborate. This equation describes the reaction of sodium percarbonate to produce hydrogen peroxide: H2O 2 Na2CO33H2O2 (s) ! 2 Na2CO3 (aq) + 3 H2O2 (aq) Sodium percarbonate Sodium carbonate Hydrogen peroxide A very simplified equation describing the hydrolysis of perborate ions to produce hydrogen peroxide is shown here: BO31- (s) + 2 H2O (l) ! H2O2 (aq) + H2BO31- (aq) Perborate ion Water Hydrogen peroxide Borate ion  The more complete reaction involves not the single sodium perborate monohydrate molecule, NaBO3" H2O, but its dimer, Na2H4B2O8, which looks like this: You can find more about this reaction at  HYPERLINK "http://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/sodiumperborate.shtm" http://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/sodiumperborate.shtm. Brighteners are added to minimize the yellowing of fabrics. These materials work by absorbing ultraviolet light (340370 nm range, UVA) and re-emitting it as visible blue light (typically 420470 nm) that masks yellowing by reflecting more blue light, making whites appear whiter, and thus brightening the fabric. Brighteners constitute about 0.1% of the detergent mix. Perfumes are added for obvious reasonsto ensure that the clothes we wear smell good after washing. (The fragrance could also mask odors not removed by the detergent.) In addition, the signature smell of a detergent could mean the difference between a manufacturer selling or not selling its product if consumers like/dont like the smell when they open the bottle of detergent. Dyes are added for the same reasonto make their product stand out from others on the market. The dye that colors the detergent is not concentrated enough to color fabrics washed in it, but there could be enough left on clothes after the wash cycle that it could be detectable by chemical/instrumental means.  Anti-redeposition agents are used to ensure that stain materials removed from clothing in the wash do not re-deposit back onto the clothes later in the wash cycle. Both surfactants and builders can serve this purpose. Surfactants hydrophilic ends keep the dirt, attracted to the hydrophobic ends, moving through the wash water, preventing them from reattaching to the fabric, and builders react with the hard water cations, preventing them from reacting with stain molecules to form sticky precipitate molecules that would attach to clothes (and the inside of the washing machine) and remain there even through the rinse cycle. Where more anti-redeposition material is needed, carboxymethylcellulose or other similar water-soluble polymers can be added to the detergent. Enzymes are biological catalysts similar to those used in the body to digest food. (That shouldnt be surprising, since it is probably those same foods that have caused the stains on our clothing.) As mentioned in the article, the three types of enzymes in detergentsproteases (work on proteins), lipases (work on fats) and amylases (work on starches)each breaks down its own type of material. The most effective detergents will have all three types of enzymes (triple enzyme action) to help decompose the stains. Since enzymes are biological products that break down over time, detergent manufacturers must also add to the detergent mixture enzyme stabilizers that protect the enzymes and help them function. Enzymes comprise a bit less than 1% of the detergent (0.75%). Finally, fillers dilute and distribute the active ingredients so they are most effective. Powder and liquid detergents use different fillers. The principal ingredient in powder detergent is sodium sulfate. This gives the powdery, granular texture. Liquid detergents use water as the principal filler. Materials used as fillers for detergents include sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, borax, alcohols and anti-foaming agents. Fillers account for 545% of the total detergent mix. If the detergent is in liquid form, the filler is mostly water, at about 420%. ( HYPERLINK "http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent.htm" http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent.htm) The following is a list of some of the actual materials used by Proctor & Gamble in the production of their detergent line (in Europe): Surfactants anionic surfactants cationic surfactants nonionic surfactants Oxidizing Agents hydrogen peroxide peracids photo-oxidants Enzymes lipases amylases cellulases protease Softening Agents soaps zeolites silicates citrates Polymers polycarboxylates polyethylene glycols cellulose derivatives Other Ingredients buffers perfumes optical brighteners suds suppressors chelators (Proctor & Gambles UK Web site at  HYPERLINK "http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/research/detergentsprinciple_en.html" http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/research/detergentsprinciple_en.html) More on surfactants Essentially, there are four main types of surfactants, with the first three used the most in laundry detergents, and their actions depend on their interactions with ions. Ions are charged particles due to the gain or loss of electrons. Ions can be positive such as calcium, Ca2+, or negative such as chloride, Cl-. Anionic surfactants are negatively charged in solution. However, they do not work as well by themselves in hard water. This is because hard water has many positively charged ions presents such as calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). Since anionic surfactants are negative they are attracted to the positive ions and bind, making them unable to bind to other molecules in solution. Nonionic surfactants have no charge. Therefore, they are not as easily impaired under hard water conditions, since they are not attracted to the positive ions. Cationic surfactants are positively charged in solution. They help the anionic surfactant molecules pack in at the water/dirt interface thereby allowing the anionic surfactants to pull more dirt away. Amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are both positively and negatively charged. These surfactants are very mild and are often found in gentler cleansers such as hand soaps, shampoos and cosmetics. [source:  HYPERLINK "http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent6.htm" Silberberg]. (from howstuffworks:  HYPERLINK "http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent1.htm" http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent1.htm) As has been stated, a surfactant can reduce the surface tension of water significantly at quite low concentrations. An example of the extent of the reduction of surface tension in water/aqueous solution via the addition of a surfactant can be seen in the following table, showing that Softanol 90 [surfactantlinear secondary alcohols and ethoxylation products, Softanol 90used in detergent formulas] reduces the surface tension of water from 73 to 30 dynes per centimetre (mN/m) when used at a concentration of 0.005 percent. Ethanol when used at a concentration of 20 percent, however, only reduced tension of water to 38 dynes per centimetre. Relationship of Surface Tension and Concentration Table Two Percent Concentration required to reduce the surface tension of water to indicated values Surface tension, dynes per cm 73 50 40 30 22 Softanol 90 0 0.003 0.0008 0.0050 --- Ethanol 0 9 18 40 100 Here is a bit more detailed information about the nature of surfactant molecules and how they work. A particular type of molecular structure performs as a surfactant. This molecule is made up of a water soluble (hydrophilic) and a water insoluble (hydrophobic) component (Figure Two). The hydrophobe is usually the equivalent of an 8 to 18 carbon hydrocarbon, and can be aliphatic, aromatic, or a mixture of both. The sources of hydrophobes are normally natural fats and oils, petroleum fractions, relatively short synthetic polymers, or relatively high molecular weight synthetic alcohols.  The hydrophilic groups give the primary classification to surfactants, and are anionic, cationic and nonionic in nature. The anionic hydrophiles are the carboxylates (soaps), sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates. The cationic hydrophiles are some form of an amine product. The nonionic hydrophiles associate with water at the ether oxygens of a polyethylene glycol chain (Figure Three). In each case, the hydrophilic end of the surfactant is strongly attracted to the water molecules and the force of attraction between the hydrophobe and water is only slight. As a result, the surfactant molecules align themselves at the surface and internally so that the hydrophile end is toward the water and the hydrophobe is squeezed away from the water (Figure Four). This internal group of surfactant molecules is referred to as a micelle (m). Figure Four Schematic Sketch of Surfactant Molecules in Water ( HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.co.nz/surfactants.htm" http://chemistry.co.nz/surfactants.htm) Beyond their use in detergents, surfactants have many and varied uses. For example, they can be found in the following: facial creams (surfactant to remove oils from skin) contact lens cleaners (reduces surface tension and removes oilfrom tears) toothpaste (reduces surface tension, allowing toothpaste to enter crevices in teeth) paints (wetting agentreduces surface tensionto ensure more even flow of paint onto surface) shampoos (surfactants wash oil away from haircaused by sebum secreted from oil glands in scalp) dry-cleaning that uses liquid carbon dioxide as the solvent (relatively new process) More on optical brighteners Many organic materials (like fibers) tend to yellow with time, due to degradation by UV or visible light. The degraded molecules absorb blue light, resulting in the yellow appearance in daylight. Optical brighteners (really, fluorescent dyes), which absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit it in the blue range of the spectrum, make clothes appear brighter and thus counter this yellowing effect. A Web page at BASF describes in some detail how optical brighteners work. Actually, the detail involved in the absorption and fluorescence transitions may be more than you wantor not. It also describes the role of laundry bluing in making clothes appear whiter. (Laundry bluing was primarily used before optical brighteners came onto the scene, although it is still sold today.) Principles of optical brightening Optical brighteners are colorless or slightly colored organic compounds that, in solution or applied to a substrate, absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit most of it at between 400 and 500 nm as blue fluorescent light (Figure 1). Figure 1:Example absorption and fluorescence emission curves Solvent DMF Concentration 4.4 mg/l Layer thickness 1 cm Absorption maximum 375 nm Fluorescence maximum 437 nm Quantum yield 0.81   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com/portal/streamer?fid=563287" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Figure 2 illustrates the processes involved in light absorption and fluorescence by optical brighteners. Absorption (A) of light quanta by the brightener molecules induces transition from the singlet ground state, S 0, to vibrational levels of the electronically excited singlet state, S 1. Brighteners in the S 1 state are deactivated by several routes. Fluorescence results from radiative transition to vibrational levels of the ground state (F). Deactivation processes competing with fluorescence are mainly non-radiative to the S 0 state (IC) and non-radiative to the triplet state (intersystem crossing, ISC). The efficiency of fluorescence is measured by the quantum yield : F = Number of quanta emitted Number of quanta absorbed Itis determined by the relative rates of fluorescence emission and the competing processes. When fixed in solid substrates, brighteners fluoresce with high quantum yields (ca. 0.9). Figure 2: Energy of optical brighteners and transitions A= absorption ISC = intersystem crossing F = fluorescenceS = singlet state IC = internal conversionT = triplet state  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com/portal/streamer?fid=563289" \* MERGEFORMATINET  .. Materials that evenly reflect most of the light at all wavelengths striking their surface appear white to the human eye. Natural fibers, for example, generally absorb more light in the blue range of the visible spectrum (blue defect) than in others because of the impurities (natural pigments) they contain. As a result, natural fibers take on an unwanted, yellowish cast. Synthetic fibers also tend to yellow, although not as much (Figure 3).  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com/portal/streamer?fid=563290" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Whiteness in substrates can be improved by (1) increasing reflection (reflectance) or (2) offsetting the blue defect. Bleaching does both of these to some extent, but invariably leaves behind part of the yellowish cast. Even the most thorough bleach cannot remove all traces of yellowing. Before the advent of optical brighteners, it was common practice to apply small amounts of blue or violet dyes (called bluing) to boost the visual impression of whiteness. These dyes absorb light in the green-yellow range of the spectrum, thereby reducing lightness. However, since they shift the shade of the yellowish material toward blue at the same time, the human eye perceives increased whiteness. Unlike dyes, optical brighteners offset the yellowish cast and at the same time improve lightness, because their bluing effect is not based on subtracting yellow-green light, but rather on adding blue light. Optical brighteners are virtually colorless compounds that, when present on a substrate, primarily absorb invisible ultraviolet light in the 300-400 nanometer (nm) range and re-emit it as visible violet-to-blue fluorescent light. This ability of optical brighteners to absorb invisible short-wave radiation and re-emit it in the visible blue light range, imparting brilliant whiteness to the light reflected by a substrate, is the key to their effectiveness. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com/portal/basf/ien/dt.jsp?setCursor=1_564558" http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com/portal/basf/ien/dt.jsp?setCursor=1_564558) More on the role of enzymes Each of the three types of enzymes mentioned in the article is responsible for a different type of stain. By combining all three enzyme types, manufacturers can almost guarantee that the stains you encounter will be removed by its detergent formulation. The detergents enzyme combination may even result in a synergistic effect, as some stains contain more than one type of substance; e.g., a food stain may contain all threeprotein lipid and carbohydrate. Enzymes in detergent result in a cleaner wash and whiter white. In addition, they are said to be highly energy-efficient molecules, meaning that they can do their job of eliminating stains even in short wash cycles. And since these enzymes are effective at lower temperatures than the older bleaches, cold water detergents are becoming more prevalent. In addition to the role of stain removers in detergent, enzymes also act as brighteners and whiteners. Fibers, especially cotton, tend to degrade a bit with each wash, resulting in tiny fragments breaking and standing up and away from the fiber. These tiny fibers scatter light, making the fabric appear yellow. Enzymes attack the small strands and destroy them, smoothing out the fiber and reducing the amount of light they scatter, resulting in a whiter, brighter appearance. Heres a simple animation that illustrates the idea:  HYPERLINK "http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/popup_carezyme_en.html" http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/popup_carezyme_en.html. More on cold water detergents Detergents that work in cold water seem to work by having surfactant molecules that are shorter in chain length than typical surfactants. These organic molecules are more water soluble than their longer chain relatives. Unfortunately, they are not quite as good at dissolving oil and grease as their longer counterparts. But since they dissolve in cold water when the longer ones would not, they truly do function in cold water, which makes them better at cleaning in cold water than normal detergent surfactants. (Whether they clean at higher temperatures as well as normal detergents is not clear but, after all, consumers dont buy them to use them in hot water, now do they?) Tide Coldwater is specially designed with an increased amount of surfactant chemistry (as compared to regular Tide) that allows it to penetrate easily into fabrics. Tide Coldwater is also specially formulated with an increased amount of polymer technology (as compared to regular Tide) to suspend dirt particles to help prevent them from redepositing on fabrics, helping keep both your colors bright and your whites white. (from Tides official Web site,  HYPERLINK "http://www.tide.com/en-US/product/ultra-tide-coldwater-powder.jspx#info" http://www.tide.com/en-US/product/ultra-tide-coldwater-powder.jspx#info) Laundry bleaches like percarbonates and perborates are of little use in cold water detergent formulations, as they are not very soluble at lower temperatures and so, are not very effective in cold water washes. Using a hot water powder detergent formulation in a cold water wash will show cloudy water as the undissolved bleaches remain undissolved. Cold water detergents also use enzymes that activate at lower temperatures (but dont deteriorate at the higher temperatures of normal wash loads. These enzymes do some of the work of the bleaches that only work at higher temperatures. (See More on the role of enzymes, below.) Of course, the advantage of detergents that work in cold water is that they use much less energy (electricity) to run a load through a washing machine than detergents that require hot water. More on phosphatesout with the old  A substance that was formerly widespread as a builder (a water softener) in laundry detergent was sodium triphosphate (Na5P3O10). It is inexpensive and highly effective. The anion of this compound (P3O105) is strongly attracted to the positive ions naturally present in water (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+), because it has such a high negative charge. Despite its effectiveness, phosphate use was banned in laundry detergents in the United States in 1993, because its presence in wastewater was causing intense algae blooms in nearby lakes and streams. The phosphates serve as fertilizer for algae and other plant life in the water. When these algae die, they are decomposed by bacteria on the bottom of the bodies of water. In the process, the bacteria deplete the oxygen dissolved in the water, which causes the death of fish and other aquatic species due to the lack of oxygen. Consumers became so wary of phosphate-containing detergent products that even today, manufacturers detergent labels still say that the product contains no phosphates, even though detergents havent contained phosphates for almost 20 years. Phosphates are still used in dish detergents, but they are becoming illegal and are increasingly regulated in more and more states. As a result, some companies have replaced phosphates with more environmentally friendly substances in both laundry and dishwashing detergents. This led to consumer complaints for non-phosphate dish detergents that these new detergents did not clean dishes well and that glasses were encrusted with a hard white film. Research is still being done to ameliorate these problems. Fortunately, good substitutes have been found for phosphates in laundry detergents, and these phosphate-free substitutes have proven to be effective in removing hard water ions. Such a substitute is ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid or EDTA for short. EDTA is a hexadentate ligand, meaning it has six teeth, six negative sites in its structure that can attach to a metal cation and sequester it, rendering it isolated from other ions in solutionthus resulting in softened water, where the surfactants can now work directly on laundry stains, rather than being used up by their interaction with the hard water ions. More on alkyl polyglycosides in with the new  A relatively new group of surfactants is the alkyl polyglycosides. Although they were discovered in the 1890s, they were of little practical use at that time, and they were difficult to prepare, so they were not used commercially until the 1990s when chemists discovered a way to produce them more easily. These are nonionic surfactants, made from plant-derived raw materials (renewable resources), are suitable for products that come in contact with human skin, and are biodegradable. They have been tested and found to be benign environmentally. These surfactants are used primarily in industrial and institutional laundry applications. They find more frequent commercial use in skin care products. They are being hailed as the ideal green surfactants. Several of the polyglycosides derive from alcohols from palm or coconut oils reacting with corn starch. If these surfactants are derived from glucose, they are known as alkyl polyglucosides (see structure above). You can read more about them here:  HYPERLINK "http://www.happi.com/articles/2008/04/apga-green-success-story" http://www.happi.com/articles/2008/04/apga-green-success-story. It might be interesting for students to compare the ingredients found in detergents back in 1985 (when the ChemMatters article, Detergents, was written) with the ingredients in detergents of today. The two tables below allow them to do just that. Table 1. Some common Ingredients found in detergent formulations NameFormulaAbbrev.Properties and UsesPhosphates Sodium tripolyphosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate Trisodium phosphate Chlorinated trisodium phosphate Na5P3O10 Na4P2O7 K4P2O7 (Na3PO4 12 H2O)5 (Na3PO4 12 H2O)5 NaCIO STPP TSPP TKPP TSP CI-TSP Alkalinity builder, sequestering agent Same as STPP, slightly more alkaline Same as TSPP but used in liquid formulations because of higher solubility Gives very high alkalinity but no sequestering ability Gives high alkalinity and some sanitizing ability due to the release of hypochlorous acid (HCIO) Silicates Sodium metasilicate Sodium orthosilicate  Na2SiO3 5 H2O Na2SiO4 SMS SOS Provides alkalinity and is an anticorrosion agent due to its buffering ability In its anhydrous form, provides extremely high alkalinity to heavy-duty industrial formulations Carbonates Sodium carbonate Potassium carbonate  Na2CO3 K2CO3 Soda ash None Provides alkalinity and is a water softener Same as soda ash but in liquid formulations due to enhanced solubility Miscellaneous Triethanolamine Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium salt Carboxymethylcellulose Xylenesulfonic acid, potassium salt  N(CH2CH2OH)3 C10H12O8N2Na4 -(C12H13O10Na3)n- C8H9SO3K  TEA EDTA CMC None Used for sequestering agent, primarily for iron(lIl) ion A strong sequestering agent used in liquid formulations Antiredeposition agent, thickener Hydrotope, that is, it enhances the solubility of other compounds in water (Wood, C. Detergents. ChemMatters 3 (2), pp 47) NameFormulaAbbrev.Properties and UsesSurfactantsAnionic Surfactants Linear alkyl sulfonates Sodium lauryl sulfate Diethanolamines Triethanolamines Alkyl ammonium chloride Nonionic Surfactants Alkyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols Alkyl polyglucosides  RSO2O1- (long linear alkyl group) CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na NH(CH2CH2OH)2 N(CH2CH2OH)3 C9H16Cl2N4 Varied See section above tables LAS SLS, SDS DEA TEA Quaternium 15 APGs Surfactantgood ability to keep particles dispersed in wash water Surfactant, inexpensive Surfactant, neutralize acids Emulsifier, used for sequestering agent, primarily for iron(lIl) ion Surfactant, disinfectant, deodorant Surfactant Natural, sugar-based surfactants, biodegradable, used primarily in industrial and institutional settingsBuildersSilicates Sodium metasilicate Sodium orthosilicate  Na2SiO3 5 H2O Na2SiO4 SMS SOS Provides alkalinity and is an anti- corrosion agent due to its buffering ability In its anhydrous form, provides extremely high alkalinity to heavy-duty industrial formulationsCarbonates Sodium carbonate Potassium carbonate  Na2CO3 K2CO3 Soda ash None Provides alkalinity and is a water softener Same as soda ash but in liquid formulas due to enhanced solubilityBorates Sodium tetraborate Na2B4O7 Borax Softens waterTriethanolamineN(CH2CH2OH)3 TEAEmulsifier, used for sequestering agent, primarily for iron(lIl) ionEnzymesProteases Lipases AmylasesAttack protein-based stains Attack fat/grease-based stains Attack carbohydrate-based stainsBleaching AgentsSodium percarbonate Sodium perborate2 Na2CO3 3 H2O NaBO3 4 H2OMiscellaneousEthylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium salt Carboxymethylcellulose Polyethylene glycol Xylenesulfonic acid, potassium saltC10H12O8N2Na4 -(C12H13O10Na3)n- EDTA CMC PEGA strong sequestering agent used in liquid formulations to chelate Ca2+, Mg2+ Antiredeposition agent, thickener Antiredeposition agent, regulates viscosity in liquid detergents Hydrotopeit enhances the solubility of other compounds in water (various sources) Connections to Chemistry Concepts (for correlation to course curriculum) Electron affinity/electronegativityOxygens higher electron affinity/electronegativity accounts for its ability to draw electrons away from hydrogen atoms toward itself in a water molecule, resulting in the polar nature of water. Hydrogen bondingWater owes its high surface tension to hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Surface tensionSurface tension must be overcome in order for cleaning agents to be able to lift non-polar molecules away from the fabric. Waters special propertiesWater has many unique properties. The main property focused on in this article is its high surface tension, due to its polar nature. Waters polarity explains many of its special properties; e.g., its role as universal solvent, high boiling and melting points, high heats of vaporization and fusion, high heat capacity, and solid water (ice) floating in its own liquid, caused by decrease of density due to bulk expansion upon freezing (also related to molecular structure of water). Polar moleculesWaters polar nature causes it to attract the polar ends of surfactant molecules, allowing the dirt molecules attracted to the nonpolar end of the surfactant to be washed out of the fabric and rinsed out of the washing machine. Non-polar moleculesNon-polar fat/oil/grease molecules are not attracted to water, so surfactant must be added to draw them out. Once attracted to the nonpolar end of the surfactant, they travel with the surfactant, which is attracted at its other, polar, end by polar water molecules and are rinsed out of the system. In addition, fat/oil/grease molecules can also dissolve in other non-polar solvents such as gasoline or perchloroethylene (used in dry cleaningdry, meaning, without water). Hydrophilic and hydrophobic (amphiphilic)Surfactants need both a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part in order to stay dissolved in water (hydrophilic) and also dissolve grease & oil (hydrophobic). Surfactants are thus amphiphilicattracted to both polar and nonpolar substances. CatalystsEnzymes are biological catalysts. One fact that was not mentioned in the article is that, since enzymes are not consumed in washing clothes, very little is needed to accomplish the task of removing stains in a wash cycle. This is an example of catalysis in students daily lives. Cations, anionsPhosphates triply-negative ion holds tightly to mineral cations dissolved/suspended in water and prevents those cations from re-depositing on clothing in the wash cycle. Anionic and cationic surfactants work because of their ionic structure. Double replacement reactionsMany of the builder molecules become involved with these reactions when they remove hard-water ions from the wash water; e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+. Examples: Washing soda as a water softener (with Ca2+ as hard water ion): CaSO4 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) ! CaCO3 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq) gypsum washing soda chalk sodium sulfate (found dissolved (added as water (precipitates (remains dissolved) in ground water) softener) out) Sodium triphosphate as a water softener (with Mg2+ as hard water ion): MgSO4 (aq) + Na5P3O10 (aq) ! Na2SO4 (aq) + MgP3O103- + 3Na+ Epsom salts sodium triphosphate sodium sulfate chelated Mg- sodium ions triphosphate ion (found dissolved (added as water (remains in (all of these remain in in ground water) softener) solution) solution and rinse out) Electromagnetic spectrumSince brighteners absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit in the blue portion of the visible spectrum, this would be a great topic to kick off discussion of the entire spectrum. It can also be a way to get into the discussion of energies associated with chemical reactions, since UV has higher energy than visible light. SolubilitySome of the water-softening reactions depend on the lower solubility of one of the products to remove the hard water ions from the water. Solubility & temperature dependenceMost laundry detergents work better in hot water than in cold water because of increased intermolecular motion. SurfactantsThis is a class of substances that have both a hydrophilic end, attracted to polar substances like water, and a hydrophobic end that is attracted to nonpolar substances like oils or fats. They are necessary in detergents to attract the dirt. Possible Student Misconceptions (to aid teacher in addressing misconceptions) Water is the only substance that has surface tension. Nope. Water may be the only substance students have ever heard of in the context of surface tension, but actually many substances exhibit surface tension. In fact, any liquid that forms beads or droplets is exhibiting surface tension. Mercury, for instance, forms beads even at extremely tiny sizes, indicating it has lots of surface tension (487 mN/m vs. waters 72 mN/m vs. gasolines 22 mN/m). ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension) Bleach removes stains. Actually, bleach only removes (or lightens) the color of the stain, not the stain itself; the stain molecules are still there. Thats why you still need to wash the stained article of clothing after the bleach has done its workor why some detergents contain bleach, to ensure that the stain will disappear even if some of its molecules remain after the wash cycle is complete. Ill just wash everything in hot water, that way I know it will be clean. OK, but you might regret it. Sure, the clothes will be clean, but they may also be damaged. Some fabrics need to be washed in warm wateror even cold waterto preserve the integrity of the fibers, to prevent shrinking or deforming of the clothes. Check the label to be sure youre doing it right. Once all that nanotechnology stuff comes to market, Ill never have to worry about washing clothes again. Nanomaterials have been used in clothing for a while now; e.g., nanoparticles of silver are used as an anti-germ, anti-odor additive to athletic socks, but were still washing even those clothes. At best, for now, nano-additives in clothes extend their use between washings, to minimize odor, stains, etc. But theyre not yet to the point of being truly protected from getting dirty, so they still need to be washedoccasionally. Anticipating Student Questions (answers to questions students might ask in class) Are soap and detergent the same thing? Although they are both made for the purpose of cleaning, and they both have somewhat similar composition, their source and the mechanism of cleaning for each is very different. For more information, see these two ChemMatters articles: Soap (Wood, C. Soap. ChemMatters, 1985, 3 (1), pp 47) and Detergent (Wood, C. Detergents. ChemMatters, 1985, 3 (2), pp 47). Why are there so many different varieties of one brand of detergent? (Tide, for instance has 32 varieties.) One reason for many varieties has to do with consumer purchases, based on their preferences and needs: varieties based on scent will attract different consumers, and some consumers have allergies and need a dye- and perfume-free variety; some consumers may want their fabric softener to be included right in the detergent to save them time; some consumers need serious stain-removing capabilities in their detergent while others dont; consumers who are energy-conscious may choose the cold water formula to cut energy costs. A very real need (beyond consumer preferences) for differentiation exists for different types of washing machines that require different detergent typeshigh efficiency washers use less water so they need a detergent that produces fewer suds. And then one must consider the consumers environment: geographical areas that have soft water can use almost any garden-variety detergent, but areas with hard water will need specially formulated detergent made just for hard water environments. How does dry cleaning work? Dry cleaning uses a nonpolar solvent like perchloroethylene (or sometimes liquid carbon dioxide) to attract the oil/grease stains in clothing. The solvent itself then rinses the particles away from the fabric. It is called dry cleaning because no water is used, and the solvent molecules tend to stay on the surface of the fabric and dont penetrate the fibers the way water does. Do the enzymes used in detergent for stain removal come from living things? (Do we kill things to make them?) Although enzymes are biological catalysts, and therefore originated from living organisms, the enzymes are mass-produced in huge vats in production facilities, so no living things were harmed in the preparation of these enzymes. If fats are insoluble in water, how is it possible for fat to be absorbed into the blood stream since blood is primarily water? Fats, either saturated or unsaturated, are made soluble in blood by first dissolving in the digestive tract through the use of a biological detergent called bile, which is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. The mixing (emulsifying) of the detergent with the fats allows for the non-polar end of the detergent to interact with the non-polar end of the fat (the fatty acid end) while the polar end of the detergent bonds with the polar end of the fat (the glyceride ends) just as regular soaps and detergents would do when you wash greasy dishes with soap or detergent. Once the fat is emulsified in the digestive juices, it can be broken apart by hydrolysis (water and enzymes) to yield water soluble fatty acids, glycerols, soaps or mono- and di-glycerides which are then small enough and soluble enough to pass through the intestinal wall into the blood stream, although it is not clear what form the digested fat takes in passing through the intestine. Lipids are found in the blood stream but are in the form of lipoproteins that are soluble. This is important because lipids are needed in various locations of the body including the liver and the brain. In-class Activities (lesson ideas, including labs & demonstrations) If you want to discuss with students why detergents are preferred over soap for use in hard water settings, you can discuss the chemistry of soaps interaction with hard water ions. This might tie in nicely with precipitation reactions, or solubility, or solubility equilibrium. Simple source material can be found here:  HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.about.com/od/cleanerchemistry/a/how-soap-cleans.htm" http://chemistry.about.com/od/cleanerchemistry/a/how-soap-cleans.htm. This Web site provides a series of experiments involving soap and detergent. In the first two experiments, students prepare their own soap and laundry detergent; in the third experiment they then test those two products for their: emulsifying properties, cleaning effectiveness in hard and soft water; alkalinity; and reaction with mineral acid. If you choose not to have students make their own soap and detergent, your students can still do the third experiment, using commercial soap and detergent. A student report sheet is provided. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.chymist.com/Soap%20and%20detergent.pdf" http://www.chymist.com/Soap%20and%20detergent.pdf) Heres another experiment, from Dave Brooks, that investigates the effectiveness of soap vs. that of detergent in hard water. It is followed by an experiment that shows how a precipitation reaction that softens the water helps soap clean. ( HYPERLINK "http://dwb.unl.edu/chemistry/labs/LABS12.html" http://dwb.unl.edu/chemistry/labs/LABS12.html) An interesting addition to the experiment in 2) above would be to investigate a third material, besides soap and laundry detergenta dishwashing detergent. The properties of this material would all match more closely to those of the tested detergent than to those of the soap, except possibly for their ability to produce suds. Dishwashing detergents are designed to produce few suds, so this would match the soaps property in terms of suds formation, but it would match the detergents property in terms of scum or curd formation. This experiment repeats the hard water dilemma with soap vs. detergent, but it takes the idea one step further by having students measure the hardness of the hard water. They do this by titrating the calcium ions in the hard water using EDTA. A student report form is included. ( HYPERLINK "http://www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu/deharvey/Laboratories/Lab%20Syllabus/Exp%2014%20Hard%20Water.pdf" http://www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu/deharvey/Laboratories/Lab%20Syllabus/Exp%2014%20Hard%20Water.pdf) To demonstrate the effect of hard water on cleaning effectiveness, you could set up two beakers, each containing a powdered laundry detergent solution (say, a teaspoon in 100 mL). Then using a dropper, add a few drops of salt (NaCl) solution to one beaker and Epsom salts (MgSO4) to the other. Nothing will happen with the salt, but precipitate will form when the magnesium ions react with the builder in the detergent. This indicates that some of the chemicals that would normally be used to clean the clothes are now being used to react with the hard water ions, thus decreasing the effectiveness of the detergent. Here is a short (4-page, with lots of photos, illustrations) pdf file that provides information about detergents and then asks a series of questions for students to answer. It is part of the Newfound/Laborador Education Consortium:  HYPERLINK "http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/k12/curriculum/guides/science/grade8/STSEScience8_fluids.pdf" http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/k12/curriculum/guides/science/grade8/STSEScience8_fluids.pdf. Since it is self-contained, you might try it as a lesson plan for a substitute teacher when you are out for a sick day. To show the effect of detergent on the surface tension of water, try the following. Fill a glass to the top with water and cover it securely with a piece of window screen. Cover the screen with a flat plate. Then invert the apparatus using the plate to hold the screen in place. When you carefully remove the plate, the screen will hold the water in the inverted glass. (You could discuss the role of air pressure in holding up the column of water at this point. Although that is not the focus of the demonstration, it helps to explain why the water stays up.) Return the glass to an upright position, add a little detergent, mix well, trying not to make bubbles, and replace the screen and plate. Reinvert the glass and remove the plate as before; the water now pours out. (Remember that the surfactant in the detergent acts to lower the surface tension of the water.) An interesting demonstration/experiment dealing with surface tension involves milk, food coloring and a drop of dish detergent. Observe what happens at  HYPERLINK "http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/milk-color-explosion" http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/milk-color-explosion. This makes a great inquiry-based experiment, especially if you dont tell students the science behind the effect. Another experiment that shows how detergent reduces surface tension involves putting a drop of detergent on the stern end of a paper cut-out boat and watching it move across still water. One version is experiment 9 at this site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdf" http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdf. The pdf document from Proctor and Gamble contains all 16 experiments involving detergents. Heres another version of the detergent-driven boat that uses a plastic bag sealer. Theres a brief (1:13) video to show you how it works.  HYPERLINK "http://www.planet-science.com/categories/experiments/messy/2011/02/power-a-boat-with-soap.aspx" http://www.planet-science.com/categories/experiments/messy/2011/02/power-a-boat-with-soap.aspx Another experiment at the Proctor & Gamble site in #6 above involves a test to see which detergents contain enzymes. The activity uses a Petri dish containing agar gel to see which detergents can liquefy the gel. It is experiment 13 at this site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdf" http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdf. Heres another experiment along the same vein, from GeorgiaStandards.Org:  HYPERLINK "https://www.georgiastandards.org/Frameworks/GSO%20Frameworks/9-12%20Science%20Block%20Biology%20Energy%20Transformations%20Enzyme%20Action%20of%20Detergents.pdf" https://www.georgiastandards.org/Frameworks/GSO%20Frameworks/9-12%20Science%20Block%20Biology%20Energy%20Transformations%20Enzyme%20Action%20of%20Detergents.pdf. This one includes standards, lesson plan, etc. You could demonstrate the alkalinity of detergents by testing with Universal indicator. This site provides an extensive series of student experiments and much background material on Surface Phenomenon and Colloids:  HYPERLINK "http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/exper2/exper2.htm#presentation" http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/exper2/exper2.htm#presentation. It includes discussions of surface tension, surfactants and detergents, and it includes Web references for many of the activities. This may be of more interest to biology teachers, but this pdf provides an experiment for students to perform in the field (well, really in the stream). Students can actually test for the presence of optical brighteners in local streams. Precautions are given to enhance safety. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.longwood.edu/cleanva/images/Sec5.opticalbrightlesson.pdf" http://www.longwood.edu/cleanva/images/Sec5.opticalbrightlesson.pdf) Here is a lesson plan that accompanies the pdf above:  HYPERLINK "http://www.eece.maine.edu/research/gk12/Optical_Brighteners.htm" http://www.eece.maine.edu/research/gk12/Optical_Brighteners.htm. This site from the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, has a series of demonstrations involving fluorescence of common materials:  HYPERLINK "http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2006July/ExhibitionChemistry.asp" http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2006July/ExhibitionChemistry.asp. To add sun protection to clothing, some detergents contain UPF sun blocking material, most likely Tinosorb FD. Students can use a black light and UV beads to test the effectiveness of this sunblock on clothing laundered with the detergent. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/laundry-detergent-uv-radiation/" http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/laundry-detergent-uv-radiation/) This experiment from the University of Maryland uses a spectrophotometer (you could perhaps use a colorimeter?) to measure the enzymatic action over time of a protease stain remover in laundry detergent as it removes a protein stain from cloth. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.eng.umd.edu/~nsw/ench485/lab2.htm#List" http://www.eng.umd.edu/~nsw/ench485/lab2.htm#List) If youre into typos, you might have students check out calcium hypocrite. (If a name brand laundry detergent gives you or other family members a rash, it may contain sodium or calcium hypocrite, alkyl benzene sodium sulfonate, or sodium tripolyphosphate.,  HYPERLINK "http://www.helium.com/items/1679867-green-chemistry-detergents" http://www.helium.com/items/1679867-green-chemistry-detergents) Maybe this detergent thinks its better than it really is? Out-of-class Activities and Projects (student research, class projects) Students might want to run their own tests on some detergents to assess the claims made in their advertisements. They will need to establish a standard testing regimen to ensure fair evaluations of all detergents. Students can form a research team to develop a methodical test of a laundry detergent. The will need to work out a protocol that will include control experiments so that their comparisons will be valid. The can test how much detergent remains in clothes, at the end of their wash cycle, that have been washed with the manufacturers recommended amount. This could be repeated after several washings with no new detergent added. Compare clothes washed with smaller amounts of detergent. What do your results say about Albert Donnays statement that People use too much detergent. Thats the dirty little secret of the detergent industry. (From the April 1997 ChemMatters Teachers Guide) The tests could include amount of sudsing or alkalinity from detergent left behind from each wash/rinse cycle, as well as brightness remaining on clothes (as seen under ultraviolet light, due to fluorescent additives). Students could compare the cleaning abilities of soaps vs. those of detergents, particularly in hard water. Again, they would need to establish standards of testing. Students can investigate labels on products such as detergents, soaps, shampoos and dishwashing detergents to determine the contents. They could then use reference books like the Merck Index to research each listed compound, find out its chemical structure and its properties, and finally, suggest its role in the optimal functioning of the product. Students could research and debate the use of phosphates in laundry and dishwashing detergents. Another area of interest (and some concern) related to soaps and detergents is the use of antibacterial soaps in hand-washing. Students could research the effects of washing hands with regular soap compared to those with antibacterial soap. Concern stems from possible bacterial resistance with continued use of anti-bacterial agents, as has happened with antibiotic overuse in both humans who are ill, and in livestock and poultry to prevent illness and spur growth. (Baxter, R. AntibacterialsFighting Infection Where it Lives. ChemMatters, 2002, 20 (3), pp 1011) (Sitzman, B., Goode, R. Hand Sanitizers, Soaps, and Antibacterial Agents: The Dirt on Getting Clean. ChemMatters, 2011, 29 (4), p 5) And here is a short About.com answer to the question Is anti-bacterial soap any better than regular soap? that students might use as a starting point for this project:  HYPERLINK "http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/cleansing/myths/question692.htm" http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/cleansing/myths/question692.htm. To test ingredients in detergents responsible for polluting local waterways, students could try something similar to this experiment. The activity involves measuring changes in small (2-L bottle) ecosystems over time. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/labs/detergent.html#Notes" http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/labs/detergent.html) Students could investigate the effectiveness of a detergent containing a UV-absorbing compound in blocking UV-A radiation. Heres a place to start:  HYPERLINK "http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/laundry-detergent-uv-radiation/" http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/laundry-detergent-uv-radiation/. The site includes a few references. Students might be interested in determining the actual savings realized by using detergent that is designed to function in cold water vs. normal detergents. These cold water detergents usually cost more per load, but they save the user money because it takes much less electricity/gas to run cold water through the machine than to heat water for the warm/hot water load. Which detergent costs less overall remains to be determined. References (non-Web-based information sources)  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  In this early ChemMatters article, author Wood describes the chemistry of soap, including the formation of soap micelles. (Wood, C. Soap. ChemMatters, 1985, 3 (1), pp 47) Heres another older article by the same author, this one about detergents. In this one, phosphates are still discussed as potential problems, saying State laws against phosphates must be considered. Students might find interesting the progress weve made in eliminating phosphates from detergents over these relatively few years. (Wood, C. Detergents. ChemMatters, 1985, 3 (2), pp 47) Students might be interested in reading about plastic laundry bags used in hospitals to contain soiled laundry that are thrown into the hot water wash right along with the laundry. The bags are made of a plastic, polyvinyl alcohol, that dissolves in hot water. The last page describes a student experiment using various solvents to test the solubility of polyvinyl alcohol plastic. (A sample of the plastic was provided with this issue of ChemMatters.) (Wood, C. Dissolving Plastic. ChemMatters, 1987, 5 (3), pp 1215) In the article, Old News, New Paper, ChemMatters discusses the role of surfactants and micelles in de-inking old newspaper to prepare it for recycling into new paper. (Borchardt, J. Old News, New Paper. ChemMatters, 1993, 11 (2), pp 1214) To save money, students might be tempted to use activated ceramic laundry disks or similar products that supposedly require no detergent at all! They can read more about them in this article: Goldfarb, B. Laundry Disks: Miracle or Money Down the Drain? ChemMatters, 1997, 15 (2), pp 1415. The December 1997 issue of ChemMatters presents a good description of hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties and of micelles as they relate to cleaning products, especially in hard water. (Dorrian, J. Dissolving Household Chores. ChemMatters, 1997, 15 (4), pp 1315) In this article author Rohrig discusses additives to detergents to increase their apparent brightness, and the role of fluorescence and its relationship to visible and ultraviolet light. (Rohrig, Brian. A Light of a Different Color. ChemMatters, 1999, 17 (2), pp 56) For a description of the process that uses super-critical carbon dioxide as the solvent for a dry cleaning process, see Kirchoff, M. A Supercritical Clean Machine. ChemMatters, 2000, 18 (2), pp 1415) This ChemMatters article discusses the use of anti-bacterial agents in hand-washingpros and cons. (Baxter, R. AntibacterialsFighting Infection Where it Lives. ChemMatters, 2002, 20 (3), pp 1011) To augment detergents in cleaning clothes, bleach is often used. Heres ChemMatters coverage of bleach. (Parent, K. Building a Better Bleach: A Green Chemistry Challenge. ChemMatters, 2004, 22 (2), pp 1719) In this ChemMatters article, author Halim introduces students to the world of nanotechnology. She discusses what nano is (materials from 1100 nm), the various forms it takes (tubes, wires, balls), applications (medicines, drug-delivery), and methods of fabrication (top-down, bottom-up) (Halim, N. Nanotechnologys Big Impact. ChemMatters, 2009, 27 (3), pp 1517) ( HYPERLINK "http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/archive/CNBP_023539" http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/archive/CNBP_023539) This ChemMatters article discusses whether we should regularly use anti-bacterial hand sanitizers to wash our hands. (Sitzman, B., Goode, R. Hand Sanitizers, Soaps, and Antibacterial Agents: The Dirt on Getting Clean. ChemMatters, 2011, 29 (4), p 5) ____________________ The Journal of Chemical Education contains the following article about the use of a flatbed scanner to determine detergent efficiency: Poce-Fatou, J.A.; Bethencourt, M.; Moreno-Dorado,F.J.; Palacios-Santander, J.M.; Using a Flatbed Scanner to Measure Detergency: A Cost-Effective Undergraduate Laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 2011 88, pp 13141317. (also available to J Chem Ed subscribers online at  HYPERLINK "http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed100635z" http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed100635z.) Web sites for Additional Information (Web-based information sources) More sites on soaps and detergents For a visual company history of Proctor & Gambles development, that began with the manufacture of candles and soaps and now includes many vastly different families of materials, from 1837 to 2005, visit their historical site at  HYPERLINK "http://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf" http://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf. This site,  HYPERLINK "http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsoap.htm" http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsoap.htm, gives a history about the commercial development of soaps, beginning back in the 19th century. Do you realize that liquid soap was first developed in 1865? And how did Ivory soap come to be the floating soap? For good illustrations, with equations and with color 3-D models of important molecules in the synthesis of soap and the various types of detergents, refer to the following Web sites from Elmhurst College Chemistry Department:  HYPERLINK "http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/554soap.html" http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/554soap.html and  HYPERLINK "http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/558detergent.html" http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/558detergent.html. For a different and less technical discussion of soap and detergent synthesis and the chemistry behind the reactions, refer to  HYPERLINK "http://www.cleaning101.com/sdalatest/html/soapchemistry1.htm" http://www.cleaning101.com/sdalatest/html/soapchemistry1.htm. Howstuffworks.com has a nice, concise 7-screen Web page describing how laundry detergent works. View it at ( HYPERLINK "http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent.htm" http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent.htm). The site also has a short 9-screen description involving the chemistry of cleaning clothes. View it at  HYPERLINK "http://science.howstuffworks.com/the-chemistry-of-cleaning-clothes-info.htm" http://science.howstuffworks.com/the-chemistry-of-cleaning-clothes-info.htm. More sites on detergents Proctor and Gamble provides an MSDS sheet for their laundry detergents. Here is the one for many varieties of liquid Tide detergents:  HYPERLINK "http://www.pg.com/productsafety/msds/fabric_and_homecare/detergents/Liquid_2X_TIde_Laundry_Detergent.pdf" http://www.pg.com/productsafety/msds/fabric_and_homecare/detergents/Liquid_2X_TIde_Laundry_Detergent.pdf. The MSDS does not list individual chemicals, but merely cites groups of chemicals. (The fact that the list comprises only 45% of the total composition of the detergent could lead one to surmise that the other 55% is water.) The MSDS for granular Tide found here  HYPERLINK "http://www.pg.com/productsafety/msds/fabric_and_homecare/detergents/Ultra_Tide_Granular_Laundry_Detergent.pdf" http://www.pg.com/productsafety/msds/fabric_and_homecare/detergents/Ultra_Tide_Granular_Laundry_Detergent.pdf has ingredients whose varying composition ranges could add up to 100%. Proctor and Gambles Web site also has a series of 16 experiments students can do using detergents. The experiments range from K12. You can find them here:  HYPERLINK "http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdf" http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdf. Proctor and Gamble presents a series of 43 slides describing their plan Sustainable Innovation (for detergents) by 2020. Some of the slides might need more explanation, but some might be useful to show where theyre headed in the future, especially with cold water detergents. It includes lots of tables and charts. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PollutionPrevention/GreenChemistryInitiative/upload/AAIII_7_Versteeg.pdf" http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PollutionPrevention/GreenChemistryInitiative/upload/AAIII_7_Versteeg.pdf) The Web site Kiwi Web: Chemistry & New Zealand provides some detailed information about detergents: their history, production history, washing improvements, chemistry and environmental history. Go to  HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.co.nz/deterghistorypart2.htm" http://chemistry.co.nz/deterghistorypart2.htm and click on tabs under the Kiwi Web logo at the top of the page. And look around on each new page for more topics; the site is not always to navigate. You might actually want to start with this page,  HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm" http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm, and work your way forward.  HYPERLINK "http://www.happi.com/articles/2008/04/apga-green-success-story" http://www.happi.com/articles/2008/04/apga-green-success-story SteveSpanglerScience.com has a page on UV beads with suggestions for experiments students can do:  HYPERLINK "http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/uv-reactive-beads" http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/uv-reactive-beads. (You can also buy the beads at this site.) Pin Stripes and Polka Dots provides a rather extensive list of commercial detergents and their ingredients. The list is not terribly revealing, just the list of ingredients that are listed on the label; nonetheless, the list of brands (>60) is extensive. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.pinstripesandpolkadots.com/detergentchart.htm" http://www.pinstripesandpolkadots.com/detergentchart.htm) More sites on surface tension The AboutChemistry.com Web site utilized in the Background Information section contains a short synopsis of waters polar nature, and data on its molecular weight, boiling point and surface tension, relative to its periodic table relatives (H2S, NH3, etc.) that you might want to use in your classroom. View it at  HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm" http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm. More sites on surfactants The AboutChemistry.com Web site also has more detailed information about the various functions of surfactants at utilized in the Background Information section contains a short synopsis of waters polar nature, and data on its molecular weight, boiling point and surface tension, relative to its periodic table relatives (H2S, NH3, etc.) that you might want to use in your classroom. View it at  HYPERLINK "http://chemistry.co.nz/surfactants.htm" http://chemistry.co.nz/surfactants.htm. Here is a request for an exemption to FDA regulation for a series of alkyl polyglucoside surfactants, based on a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) report:  HYPERLINK "http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/grn000237.pdf" http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/grn000237.pdf. The exemption was submitted by a consulting group to the FDA in 2007. More sites on enzymes Laundry DetergentHow Enzymes are Changing Your Wash is the topic of this site. It contains information about how the enzymes are chosen and mass-produced. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.housekeepingchannel.com/a_220-Laundry_Detergent___How_Enzymes_are_Changing_Your_Wash" http://www.housekeepingchannel.com/a_220-Laundry_Detergent___How_Enzymes_are_Changing_Your_Wash) The LiveStrong site offers this page that discusses several laundry detergents that use enzymes. View it at  HYPERLINK "http://www.livestrong.com/article/144673-laundry-detergents-that-use-enzymes/" http://www.livestrong.com/article/144673-laundry-detergents-that-use-enzymes/. Proctor and Gambles site contains a page on enzymeswhat they are and how they work in detergents:  HYPERLINK "http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/enzymes2_en.html" http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/enzymes2_en.html. More sites on phosphates and eutrophication One Web page of the US Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program Web site at  HYPERLINK "http://toxics.usgs.gov/definitions/eutrophication.html" http://toxics.usgs.gov/definitions/eutrophication.html provides several definitions of the term eutrophication and contains lots of links to other pages on their site that deal with phosphates and other nutrients that cause eutrophication. A 2-page (pdf) fact sheet from Cornell University describing the phosphorus cycle can be found here:  HYPERLINK "http://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/publications/factsheets/factsheet12.pdf" http://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/publications/factsheets/factsheet12.pdf. As it is published by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, it focuses on phosphorus build-up from runoff of fertilizers into bodies of fresh water. You can view the phosphorus cycle via an animation from Discover Biology, 3rd ed., published by W. W. Norton & Co., on the Web at  HYPERLINK "http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/phosphorouscycle.html" http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/phosphorouscycle.html. The animation can be used with or without narration. If the viewer chooses the step-through mode, text appears (without narration) to accompany the diagrams as the viewer can pace herself through the sequence; the narration runs at its own pace. A comprehensive discussion of the phosphate detergent conflict can be found here:  HYPERLINK "http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/94-54.htm" http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/94-54.htm. The article, Historical Perspective of the Phosphate Detergent Conflict provides just that, with more than 25 references (hard copy references, not Web sites). It covers only the time period from the early 1960s to 1993, so the more recent decisions by states to ban phosphate in dishwashing detergents are not covered. This article from Virginia Tech describes the detection of optical brighteners in local waters using a fluorometer. It also has a section that describes how optical brighteners work. It includes photos and diagrams, as well as references. ( HYPERLINK "http://filebox.vt.edu/users/chagedor/biol_4684/BST/OB%20Article-I.pdf" http://filebox.vt.edu/users/chagedor/biol_4684/BST/OB%20Article-I.pdf) More sites on soil and the chemistry of washing clothes Proctor and Gamble has a simple page that describes what laundry soil is and where it comes from. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/research/originsofdirt_en.html" http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/research/originsofdirt_en.html) Dr. Chemical: Chemistry in the Real World is a blog that discusses many chemical topics as they relate to daily life. He discussed the topic of cleaning clothes and detergents in June, 2012. The site below starts at The Chemistry of Clothes Washing #1 on June 9 and continues through June 25, with episode #13. It is an interesting blog in general, not just for clothes laundering. ( HYPERLINK "http://drchemical.com.au/2012/06/page/4" http://drchemical.com.au/2012/06/page/4) More sites on new technology The picture in the article involving NeverWet superhydrophobic spray, the chocolate syrup and the sneaker doesnt do the product justice. Go to the NeverWet Web site to see a brief video that shows water and chocolate syrup shooting off the sneaker surface (which, by the way, is cloth, not leather or plasticso the syrup should sink in, not slide off). ( HYPERLINK "http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/incredible-neverwet-superhydrophobic-spray-lets-chocolate-syrup-slide-right-off-your-shoes" http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/incredible-neverwet-superhydrophobic-spray-lets-chocolate-syrup-slide-right-off-your-shoes) More Web sites on Teacher Information and Lesson Plans (sites geared specifically to teachers) Coming Clean With Enzymes, a chapter in the Science in the Real World: Microbes in Action series, is a 4-lab, 4-day high school curriculum unit dealing with enzymes. These labs show the ability of bacteria to produce extracellular enzymes. They also demonstrate the ability of these enzymes, when produced and collected through biotechnological techniques, to function as additives to household detergents and cleaners. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.umsl.edu/~microbes/pdf/Coming%20Clean%20With%20Enzymes.pdf" http://www.umsl.edu/~microbes/pdf/Coming%20Clean%20With%20Enzymes.pdf)     PAGE  PAGE 8 Carboxymethylcellulose (Wikipedia)  Hydrophobe Hydrophile Figure Two Schematic Sketch of Surfactant Molecule Figure Three Polyethylene Glycol Chain     &'7;|jXI:) h(56CJ OJQJ^JaJ hd:5CJ OJQJ^JaJ hOj5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #h hRs5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #h h:5CJ OJQJ^JaJ h7q"5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #h h!o5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #h hf5CJ OJQJ^JaJ h@5CJ OJQJ^JaJ hW5CJ OJQJ^JaJ h hRsOJQJ^JaJh hRsOJQJ^J,jh h %7OJQJU^JmHnHu &'Z[mno. 7 X  y / gdOj99gdRs]gdOj$a$gdOj$]^a$gdRs7OXYZ[mnop̺zmd`dPmdKAKjh;U h;j:h[h;0JUh;h[h;0Jjh[h;0JUh hRsCJ^Jjh hCJU^Jh h -FCJ^Jh hRs^J#h hRs5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #h h:5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #hOjhOj6CJ OJQJ^JaJ h(56CJ OJQJ^JaJ h"@C56CJ OJQJ^JaJ   ( ) * + , - . / 0 L M N O k l m ׾׾׾׾׾pj(h[h;0JUjh;Uj.h[h;0JUjh;Uj4h[h;0JUh;h[h;0JhKa*h;5CJOJQJaJjh[h;0JU h;jh;Ujh;U,       1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 U V W X n o p ξξξjh;Ujh[h;0JUjh;Uj"h[h;0JUh;hKa*h;5CJOJQJaJjh[h;0JUjh;Ujh;U h;h[h;0J.     5 6 7 Q R S U V W X Y Z v w x y Խ٩ٙԌ٩|ojh;Uj h[h;0JUjh;Ujh[h;0JUh;hKa*h;5CJOJQJaJjh;Ujh;U h;h[h;0Jjh[h;0JUjh[h;0JU+       / 0 1 2 V W X r s t v w x y z { ٙ|jh[h;0JUj{h;Ujh[h;0JUjh;Ujh;U h;jh[h;0JUh;h[h;0Jjh[h;0JUhKa*h;5CJOJQJaJ+  ( ) * , - . / 0 1 M N O P ׾׾׾׾unjhJ h h2jh hUjih;Ujh[h;0JUjoh;Ujh[h;0JUh;h[h;0JhKa*h;5CJOJQJaJjh[h;0JU h;jh;Ujuh;U) cd.bu% & F h^hgd(gdv5< 7$8$H$gdJgdJgd ?HQRyz >HWXݺݺݕ̀hU$hRshJ0JCJOJQJ^JaJ/jhRshJCJOJQJU^JaJ)jhRshJCJOJQJU^JaJ#hRshJ6CJOJQJ^JaJ$hshJ0JCJOJQJ^JaJ#jhJCJOJQJU^JaJ hRshJCJOJQJ^JaJhJCJOJQJ^JaJhJB*OJQJ^Jph hhJ-8abhw/0ghi%&╭~wfU hd:hADCJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h h ZhJ$h:ehJ0JCJOJQJ^JaJ/jh:ehJCJOJQJU^JaJ)jh:ehJCJOJQJU^JaJhJCJOJQJ^JaJ#h:ehJ6CJOJQJ^JaJ h:ehJCJOJQJ^JaJh1hJCJ^JaJ%&(F{0W;NEPdgd!Ah^hgdh^hgd( & F $ h^hgd(gdd:gdOjgd07&'(DEF{0W;NEPQd"."0"F$ͻxqiqb[ hHEh> hd:h>h w h!A5 h w h!Ah w h!A56h w h!A5\ hOjhOjh>h!B hd:h!B hv9Fh1#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h yh(5CJOJQJ^JaJhd:h ZaJ hd:hd: hd:h ZhOjCJOJQJ^JaJh07CJOJQJ^JaJ"Pkd~$$IflFl[$ t06    44 lapyt 9 $Ifgd 9gd!A    R OFF $Ifgd 9kd5 $$Ifl_Fl[$ t06    44 lapyt!A & F2$Ifgd!AR S T U \SSF & F2$Ifgd!A $Ifgd 9kd $$IflzFl[$ t06    44 lapyt!A \SSF & F2$Ifgd!A $Ifgd 9kd!$$IflzFl[$ t06    44 lapyt!A !\SSF & F2$Ifgd!A $Ifgd 9kdf"$$IflFl[$ t06    44 lapyt!A!!!!E!\SSF & F2$Ifgd!A $Ifgd 9kd!#$$IflzFl[$ t06    44 lapyt!AE!F!G!H!~!\SSF & F2$Ifgd!A $Ifgd 9kd#$$IflFl[$ t06    44 lapyt!A~!!!!!\SSF & F2$Ifgd!A $Ifgd 9kd$$$IflzFl[$ t06    44 lapyt!A!!!!"\SSF & F2$Ifgd!A $Ifgd 9kdR%$$Ifl@Fl[$ t06    44 lapyt 9"""1"F$G$M$\WRMD8 $$Ifa$gd>`gd>gd>gdd:gd!Akd &$$Ifl_Fl[$ t06    44 lapyt!AM$Y$b$c$e$o$$f] $Ifgd>kd&$$IflFc {06    44 la<yt> $$Ifa$gd>F$b$%%%&&'''''(g((((((((((((((( )))))()))*)?)@)A)ɿɸɸɸɸɸɸɸɸѩwf hbh*UCJOJQJ^JaJ#h6h*U5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #h6h\5CJ OJQJ^JaJ hd:hOj hd:h\ hd:h*Uh%h!A h"9'h!Ah"9'h!A56h"9'h!A5h6hyh:5 hyh: h6h6h6h656h> h>5\&$$$$$rff] $Ifgd> $$Ifa$gd>kdb'$$IflYFc {06    44 la<yt>$$$$<%rff] $Ifgd> $$Ifa$gd>kd'$$IflhFc {06    44 la<yt><%=%?%D%%rff] $Ifgd> $$Ifa$gd>kd($$IflYFc {06    44 la<yt>%%%%%rff] $Ifgd> $$Ifa$gd>kd0)$$IflYFc {06    44 la<yt>%%%%%%''''rmmhh`W`O & F1gd:^gd: & F1gd:gd6gd>kd)$$IflFc {06    44 la<yt> ''''''''f(g(|((( $Ifgd 9gd!A & F1gd: ((((vmm $Ifgd 9kdd*$$Ifl0~ $ ~ t0644 lapyt 9((((tkk $Ifgd 9kd +$$Ifl0~ $ ~ t0644 lapyt 9((((tkk $Ifgd 9kd+$$Ifl0~ $ ~ t0644 lapyt 9((((tkk $Ifgd 9kd[,$$Ifl0~ $ ~ t0644 lapyt 9((((tkk $Ifgd 9kd-$$Ifl0~ $ ~ t0644 lapyt 9(( ) )tkk $Ifgd 9kd-$$Ifl0~ $ ~ t0644 lapyt 9 ) ))))*)@)A)c)d)B+toojcj^YYYgd(gd*Ugdgd6gd!AkdV.$$Ifl0~ $ ~ t0644 lapyt 9 A)c)7f7m7+82838N8O8P8V8m8n888888888888!:(:::::ϽϬzo[[oooooϽϬ['h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJh<h(CJaJh<h(OJQJ^Jh<h(0J5OJQJ^J)h yh(B*CJOJQJ^JaJph̙f h yh(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh<h(5OJQJ^JB+C+,,H.I.n/o/ 11447+838O8$$If]a$gd' ]^gd($]^a$gd(`gd(gd(O8P8Q8V8n88{{kk$$If]a$gd'$h$If]ha$gd'tkd.$$If<FP t0O 634<Bap yt'88888[KKK$h$If]ha$gd'kd/$$If<Fa FFpF$ t0O 6    34<Bapyt'88888YIII$h$If]ha$gd'kdw0$$If<Fa FFpF$ t0O 6    34<Bapyt'88888[KKK$h$If]ha$gd'kdO1$$If<Fa FFpF$ t0O 6    34<Bapyt'88888[KKK$h$If]ha$gd'kd#2$$If<Fa FFpF$ t0O 6    34<Bapyt'889:::[KK>1 $If]gd' ]^gd($]^a$gd(kd2$$If<Fa FFpF$  t0O 6    34<Bapyt2::;;;;!;";';3;$<$If[$\$]<a$gd'$<$If]<a$gd'$=$If[$\$]=a$gd'$=$If]=a$gd'$$If[$\$a$gd' $$Ifa$gd' ::;;;;;;; ;!;";&;';2;3;4;P;Q;V;W;\;];b;c;;;;;h<i<j<ɵɵɵɈɈɈəəveP)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJ OJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJaJ h yh(CJOJQJ^JaJ'h yh(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ!h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ3;4;P;Q;V;W;ZMAA1$=$If]=a$gd' $$Ifa$gd' $If]gd'kd3$$Ifi\DiDDD t0/ 34iBayt'W;\;];b;c;;:- $If]gd'kd4$$Ifi\DiDDD t0/ 34iBayt'$<$If]<a$gd'$=$If]=a$gd';;;;;;;$<$If]<a$gd'$=$If]=a$gd' $$Ifa$gd';;<<<<?ZGBBBBgd($\$]^a$gd(kd95$$Ifi\DiDDD t0/ 34iBayt'j<<<<<<<<<'?1???????@@yyeH/H0h<h(0J5B*CJOJQJ^JaJphf39jh<h(0J5B*CJOJQJU^JaJphf3'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ$h yh(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(>*CJOJQJ^JaJ4jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHuh<h(5OJQJ^J$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ@7@8@?@N@P@c@BBBBBBBBBB,C-C/C0C2C3C4C5C6C8C9Cзq\F\F\F\F\q\F\F\F\F\F+h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH (h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh<h(5OJQJ^J'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ$h yh(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ0h<h(0J5B*CJOJQJ^JaJphf39jh<h(0J5B*CJOJQJU^JaJphf3$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ?O@P@c@d@YAZACCGG&I'IKK^K_KlKpLrLLLMMxNzNN`gd(gd( [$\$gd(9CgCIDKDRDTDFF^K_KhKiKjKlKpKqKsKtKuKwKxKyKL.L0L4L6L^L`LbLdLnLpLrLMMMںکu________ژک+h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH #h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ(h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH $MMMNNNN*N8N:NN`NbNfNhNlNxNzNNNNOOOOOOOOOOOOʹʤxgVʤ jh<h(UmHnHu h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ+h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH +h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH (h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ!NN P P PPPTRURSSU UXX[[I]]]L^M^N^^^gd(gd2  ] `gdm!X`gd(]gd(gd(OO7P8PPPPPUU U UWW\\C]D]J]K]]]]]K^L^M^ð؟؂tffðtU h<h2CJOJQJ^JaJhm!XCJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ8jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHtHu jh<hGUmHnHu$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ+h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH M^N^Y^^^^^____>_F_G_____________ӾӾӾӗӁӾoooaP h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh2CJOJQJ^JaJ"h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +hEmh(5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h(5CJOJQJ\^JaJmH sH "h2CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (hEmh(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH .hEmh(5CJOJQJ\^JaJmH sH (h25CJOJQJ\^JaJmH sH ^^^^_=_>_____````aocdd$ & F8 x]^a$gd($[$\$]^a$gd(gd(gd2^gd2^gd(__S`T```````aaocwcddddddeeeeeeeٹٖ~~~~~eeNe,h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmH sH /h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH h<h(5OJQJ^Jh<h(OJQJ^J$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJdeffgiJiTii} $$Ifa$gd'$ <]^a$gd(^gd=~$[$\$]^a$gd([$\$`gd( [$\$gd( ]^gd($ & F8 ]^a$gd(effTfUffffgiJiTiiiiiiiijj,j-jjһ몙vbWIWWWh(CJOJQJ^JaJh<h(CJaJ'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(5CJOJQJ^JaJ h=~h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ,h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmH sH (h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH iiiiiiii~~~~~ $$Ifa$gd' $Ifgd'lkd5$$IfKF t034KBayt2iiiii4((( $$Ifa$gd'kd6$$IfKֈa iqFFfFfFfFfFW t034KBayt2ij jjj&kd37$$IfKֈa iqFFfFfFfFfFW t034KBayt2 $$Ifa$gd'jjj j$j(j,j $$Ifa$gd',j-j.jj4$$a$gd($]^a$gd(kd7$$IfKֈa iqFFfFfFfFfFW t034KBayt2jjAkKkMkNkOklllllllmm m mmm nnnwoooҮlYlFlFl$h<h(@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(@CJOJQJ^JaJ4jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHu'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ"h<h(0J5OJQJ\^J#h<h(>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ8jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHtHujNkOkll nnnnoppqprpvqgd($]^`a$gd([$\$]^gd($ [$\$]^a$gd($[$\$]^a$gd([$\$]^gd($ k[$\$]k^a$gd( oooppppGpHpnpopqprruuvwȳuguVD3 h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJOJQJ\^JaJ hGh(CJOJQJ^JaJh<h(5OJQJ^J h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ2jh<h(B*CJOJQJU^JaJph)h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJph'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ h yh(CJOJQJ^JaJ$h yh(0JCJOJQJ^JaJrppqiqqr}rrrrr}t~tuuvwwDwEwNw$h($If]^ha$gd'$]^a$gd( [$\$gd(gd( & F7gd(`gd(wwDwEwcwlwwwCxDxExFx{{2|3|5|^}_}}}}},~-~.~/~^_`a޴޴޴޴q޴޴\ކ)jhh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ)j*h<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ1h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJfHq )j=h<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ)h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJph h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#NwSwTwcwmwL4$h($If]^ha$gd'kd8$$If0F\ F  t0d64B` apyt'$h($If]^ha$gd'mwnwwwdL4$h($If]^ha$gd'$h($If]^ha$gd'kdq9$$If0F\ F  t0d64B` apyt'wwwwdL4$h($If]^ha$gd'$h($If]^ha$gd'kdK:$$If0F\ F  t0d64B` apyt'wwwwdL4$h($If]^ha$gd'$h($If]^ha$gd'kd%;$$If0F\ F  t0d64B` apyt'wwwwdL4$h($If]^ha$gd'$h($If]^ha$gd'kd;$$If0F\ F  t0d64B` apyt'wwwGxIxzb{{{|dTTTTTTTT$]^a$gd(kd<$$If0F\ F  t0d64B` apyt' |2|3|||#}^}_}}}}}0~4~bcpqZ[`gd(gd($]^a$gd(mnqЋы#$hilTUܔݔ喇tihG5OJQJ^J,h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmH sH (h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH h<h(5OJQJ^J$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJkl34ܔݔdexy[$\$]`gdG [$\$gdG[$\$`gdG`gd( [$\$gd(gd(|~͕̕ΕЕҕ#%)+24/0eeeeH8jh-hGCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHtHu=h<h(B*CJH*OJQJ^JaJfHphq =h<h(B*CJH*OJQJ^JaJfHphq :h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq )h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJphRjh<h(B*CJOJQJU^JaJfHmHnHphq tHuylmkl՝֝ãģɣѣ٣$x<$7$8$H$Ifa$gd' 7$8$H$gd(`gd(`gdGgd( [$\$gd([$\$`gd(ԝ՝֝ޝABK:1?IS)7gԡǹxjYYYYYYYYYYY h*h(CJOJQJ^JaJhGCJOJQJ^JaJ8jh-'h(CJOJQJU^JaJmHnHtHuh(5OJQJ^JhG5OJQJ^Jh<h(5OJQJ^Jh(CJOJQJ^JaJ:h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq 4h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq DEdnãģٵwfRfAf h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ&h-'h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJhGCJOJQJ^JaJ hN%>h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$h*h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ h*h(CJOJQJ^JaJ)jh*h(CJOJQJU^JaJ/e_OAAAAA $7$8$H$Ifgd'P$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd4.$$Ifl\~ :$~ x t0$44 lalyt'ǤȤʤˤԤդ,./9deghklɵɵɵɵɵɵܤܤܓܤ&h-'h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ'h-'h(CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJ$h-'h(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ2äԤդڤߤ?@ƥ-. $7$8$H$Ifgd'./9Ncdev_OAAAAA $7$8$H$Ifgd'P$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd.$$Ifl\~ :$~ x t0$44 lalyt'lrsvyz}~BDEPvwyz|} ʶʶm$h-'h(@CJOJQJ^JaJ&h-'h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ'h-'h(CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJ$h-'h(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ*vwݦCD $7$8$H$Ifgd' DEPauvw_OAAAAA $7$8$H$Ifgd'P$7$8$H$Ifgd'kdv/$$Ifl\~ :$~ x t0$44 lalyt' Qkd0$$Ifl\~ :$~ x t0$44 lalyt' $7$8$H$Ifgd' ,ax¨ըߨ2mn $7$8$H$Ifgd'P$7$8$H$Ifgd'ŨǨȨʨ˨ͨϨШѨҨ֨רب٨ۨܨߨߩɵɵɵɵɵܤܤܓpp#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h h(CJ OJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ'h-'h(CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJ$h-'h(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ(nީߩQHHHH 7$8$H$gd(kd0$$Ifl\~ :$~ x t0$44 lalyt' $7$8$H$Ifgd'>IJMNb˪ !ɴޏ~pp^~p~M~;~#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h=Ih(6CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ&h<h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ)h-'h(56CJOJQJ]^JaJ)h-'h(56CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ!)=>JH8$7$8$H$Ifgd'kdY1$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'$x<$7$8$H$Ifa$gd'JKLMNbI9P$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd 2$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'`($7$8$H$IfXD(gd'bz{˪ARaop}~P$7$8$H$Ifgd'($7$8$H$Ifgd' $7$8$H$Ifgd'!#$-@ACDGHIKNOQRSTWXZ[^ʷ۠sbTbBbBb#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ(hh(@CJOJPJQJ^JaJ/hh(@CJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH ,hh(@CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH $hh(@CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ^_`aefhilmnqrsuwxyz|߿߿߿ѭѭѭѭyhyUEh(@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(@CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ$h-'h(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ#hZwh(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJH*OJQJ^JaJͫΫӫԫ1NȬ7P$7$8$H$Ifgd'P$7$8$H$If]gd'$7$8$H$If]gd' $7$8$H$Ifgd'ūƫǫɫ̫ҫӫԫM[w{Ȭ678@Aʼ{jYD)h-'h(56CJOJQJ]^JaJ!h-'h(56OJQJ]^J h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ$hh(@CJOJQJ^JaJh(@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(@CJOJQJ^JaJ78ABCD]M999`($7$8$H$IfXD(gd'$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd3$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'ADEOz{}~Z[\g޹ާާާޔ޹޹m\޹ާާާާ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$hzpRh(@CJOJQJ^JaJ'h-'h(CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJ$h-'h(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ&h-'h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$DEOdyz{]M????? $7$8$H$Ifgd'P$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd3$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'[ $7$8$H$Ifgd' [\gxy]M????? $7$8$H$Ifgd'P$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd4$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'Ӯ߮% $7$8$H$Ifgd' $%&.ABDEFGHIJKQRpquvxy|}~˺˦uuuˇˇduuuQ$h-'h(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ hmh(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJh-2h(OJQJ^J#h-'h(CJOJQJ]^JaJ&h-'h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$h-'h(@CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ%&.ABJKQ]M????? $7$8$H$Ifgd'($7$8$H$Ifgd'kd5$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'QR`aqɯO????($7$8$H$Ifgd'kd+6$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt' $7$8$H$Ifgd'ȯɯʯѯүկ֯P`adeﮚwcRAﮚw h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-2h(CJOJQJ^JaJ&h-'h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ#h-'h(CJOJQJ]^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ&h-'h(5CJOJQJ]^JaJ!h-'h(56OJQJ]^J h8{vh(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h8{vh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJɯʯүӯԯկ]M===($7$8$H$Ifgd'$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd6$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'կ֯]M??M?M $7$8$H$Ifgd'($7$8$H$Ifgd'kd7$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'.OPabO?/($7$8$H$Ifgd'$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd8$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt' $7$8$H$Ifgd'bcdeyM?? $7$8$H$Ifgd'kd39$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'($7$8$H$Ifgd'ٰܰB̻wdTFFh(CJOJQJ^JaJh(@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hmh(@CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ&h-'h(5CJOJQJ]^JaJh(56OJQJ]^J h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-2h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h h(CJOJQJ^JaJO?/($7$8$H$Ifgd'$7$8$H$Ifgd'kd:$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt' $7$8$H$Ifgd'M??? $7$8$H$Ifgd'kd:$$Ifl\ :$  t0$44 lalyt'($7$8$H$Ifgd'CRSfglmquDZ-q($7$8$H$Ifgd' $7$8$H$Ifgd'BCDFGIJKLMOPQRSVXY[\^`abcgmıƱDZ,67rܷpp'h8{vh(@CJH*OJQJ^JaJ$h8{vh(@CJOJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ'h-'h(CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJ$h-'h(CJOJPJQJ^JaJ h-'h(CJOJQJ^JaJ(qrsв]TTOHCgd2^gdd:gd*U 7$8$H$gd(kdy;$$Ifl\ :$ b t0$44 lalyt'rsuϲвѲȳ)оygVgVgVgVBVBgV&h h(5CJOJQJ\^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h h(5CJOJQJ^JaJ hbh*UCJOJQJ^JaJh2^h*U5CJ OJQJ^Jh2^h=95CJ OJQJ^J h66hbh=96 hbh*U#hbhP5CJOJQJ^JaJ hzh(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h h(CJ OJQJ^JaJ вѲ˻μvRT־ؾHJ hh^h`hgd(^gd( & F9gd(h^hgd( & F hgd( h^h`gd*U˻ڻμlnrtŽƽڽ۽ݽ޽>@DHPRT־ؾHJRTxzܹܹܹ܁ܹoo#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ*h<h(0J5CJH*OJQJ^JaJ'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h h(5CJOJQJ^JaJ+z|~*=ݷuuuud] hbh*U hbh*UCJOJQJ^JaJ#h h(5CJOJQJ^JaJ h h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ'h<h(0J5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ"J?mn4 & F h^hgd( & F h^h`gd(gd2^gdd:gd*U & F hgd(^gd( hh^h`hgd(h^hgd(^gd(=>?lmn45op4ƴhhThCC h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ'h<h(0J6CJOJQJ^JaJ,jh<h(6CJOJQJU^JaJ&h<h(6>*CJOJQJ^JaJh(6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJ#hEmh(5CJOJQJ^JaJ hbh*UCJOJQJ^JaJh2^h*U5OJQJ^Jh2^hcn5CJ OJQJ^Jh& hbhcn4 ()*?opL9Nh^hgd( & F h^hgd( gd*U & F h^hgd(gd2^gdd:gd*U & F h^hgd(@A!3CNVWehit!45üxxixxh(5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hEmh(5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hbh*U5CJOJQJ^JaJh2^h*U5CJ OJQJ^Jh2^hcn5CJ OJQJ^J h& h& h& hcnhGh*U5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$#$ '()*>?nͼpbQJF6h2^hcn5CJ OJQJ^Jh& hbhcn hbhMMqCJOJQJ^JaJh2^CJOJQJ^JaJ&h<h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ#h<h(CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hEmh(5CJOJQJ\^JaJ#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#hEmh(5CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(6CJOJQJ^JaJnopIJgh 67ef;<STOP^_)*uv̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̷̖̖̄#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#hMMqh*U5CJOJQJ^JaJh2^h*U5CJ OJQJ^J4N>0C5=^g78^X & F h^hgd(gd2^gdgd*Uh^hgd( & F h^hgd(vAB:;[\ >?./rs9:[\^OP\﹨$hF/Th(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ#jh(CJOJQJU^JaJ h_5vh(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ323de,lm6ιιΑzdKK4K,h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJmH sH +h<h(>*CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH ,h<h(0JfCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH $h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ#jh(CJOJQJU^JaJ678]^@K] h p r         S T 1 2 | }   JK}hhUhhhUhh$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ&h<h(6CJOJQJ]^JaJ#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJh2^h*U5CJ aJ #h2^h*U5CJ OJQJ^JaJ #h2^hcn5CJ OJQJ^JaJ h& hbhcn hbh*UCJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ!XKV  PQgd(`gd(gdADgd~{gd2^gdgd07 & F h7$8$H$^hgd( & F h^hgd(KUygYgA/g#j<hQCJOJQJU^JaJ.jhADCJOJQJU^JaJmHnHuhADCJOJQJ^JaJ#jhADCJOJQJU^JaJ hbh~{CJOJQJ^JaJh2^h*U5CJ OJQJ^Jh2^hcn5CJ OJQJ^Jh& hbhcn hbh*Uh]wh07CJaJ$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ+6.9AB5@HI*5=?OZbd\fnpkv~4>FH^i ht:EMO`aоооооооооооооооооооооооооооооЩЩ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h5ahADCJOJQJ^JaJhADCJOJQJ^JaJ@Z[OPtuXY EF@UVb!c!d!!gdgd Rgdd:`gd(gd(BCKV +35Zw    . /         /!0!]!^!b!c!d!g!h!i!!!!ǵǵǵǵǧǧǧǧǵǵǵǙ}v}ohdh& hbhcn hbh*U hbh@ hbh4j)hbh RB*CJOJQJ^JaJph333hd:CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(6CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ'!!!!!!!!!!""##B#C#Q#R#κggTg95jh<h(>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJph$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ2jh<h(B*CJOJQJU^JaJph)h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$h<h(5B*OJQJ^Jph!h(5B*OJQJ\^Jph'h<h(5B*OJQJ\^Jph hbh*UCJOJQJ^JaJh2^h*U5CJ OJQJ^Jh2^hcn5CJ OJQJ^J!!!!!E#F#$$%&&&''())))\-]-..0`gd(gd( 7$8$H$`gd( 7$8$H$gd(gd*Ugd2^R######%$'$T%U%W%X%%%%% & & &&&[&\&&&&''f'g''''''(λ馏}}λλλk#hMMqB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,h<h(B*CJH*OJQJ^JaJph)h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ5jh<h(>*B*CJOJQJU^JaJph,h<h(>*B*CJOJQJ^JaJph#(((V(W((((((O)P))))))))@*A*** +!+),*,,,--F-K---k.ﲘǘm[#h<h(>*CJOJQJ^JaJ#h<h(5CJOJQJ^JaJh(5OJQJ^Jh<h(5OJQJ^J2jh<h(B*CJOJQJU^JaJph)h<h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#k.l...00}0~00011112222336373S3U3V3b333333F4G4S444444666Ƹq hfPh(CJOJQJ^JaJ$hF/Th(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ hth(CJOJQJ^JaJ#jh(CJOJQJU^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ)00T3U333556666:8;8U8V8A:B:;;;;G=H=a>b>U?V??`gd(gd(6J6L6M666666777777887888;8U8999999::>:?:@::::ϼ᫝vvcvvvcv$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJh<h(5OJQJ^J h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$hF/Th(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ#jh(CJOJQJU^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ hh(CJOJQJ^JaJ":1;3;4;x;y;;;;v<w<<<D=E===>>^>_>>>??R?S?V????'@(@^@_@AAAABBϼ᫝uuuguuhfPh(5OJQJ^J$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJh<h(5OJQJ^J h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ$hF/Th(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ#jh(CJOJQJU^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ h83:h(CJOJQJ^JaJ(??AABBDDGGHHHHHIIKKKKkNlNNNNsPgd2^gdgd~{`gd(gd(BCC=C>CCCCC5E6EEEEEHH[H\HHHHHBICIIIII^K_KKKKKKK L LFMGMMMhNiNkNlNNNȵȵȵȵȵȵh& hbhADhR!5CJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJh<h(5OJQJ^J$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ#h<h(CJH*OJQJ^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJ0NNNtPuPPPQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Q&Q'Q(Q*Q+Q1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q7Q8QNQллᗏ{{w{l{wZ#h yh(6CJOJQJ^JaJh;0J$mHnHuh0 h00J$jh00J$UhKa*jhKa*U hADhADCJOJQJ^JaJ$h<h(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ)jh<h(CJOJQJU^JaJ h<h(CJOJQJ^JaJhADCJOJQJ^JaJh2^hAD5CJ OJQJ^J!sPQQQQQQQQQQQ(Q)Q*Q5Q6Q7Q8QOQ[Q\Q^Q_Q p1$]pgd6$a$gd(#h]hgdB #&`#$gd-gd~{gd07gd(NQOQ[Q\Q]Q^Q_QoQrQ|Q}QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ $;<̻yỷyncaOO#hG*h(6CJOJQJ^JaJUhG*h(CJaJjAhG*h(Uh(0JCJOJQJ^JaJ$h~Yh(0JCJOJQJ^JaJh(CJOJQJ^JaJ hu}h(CJOJQJ^JaJ h/ h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(j<h+.h(Uh0 hGhGCJOJQJ^JaJh(6CJOJQJ^JaJ_Q}QQQQQQQ<HIKLgstvw45@p1$]p`gdADgd'$a$gd( $Z^Za$gd(d[$gd(gd(The chelation of a metal cation (M) by the triphosphate ion (Wikipedia)  Metal ion chelated by EDTA (Wikipedia)  Alkyl polyglucoside (Wikipedia) The reference below can be found on the ChemMatters 25-year CD (which includes all articles published during the years 1983 through 2008). The CD is available from ACS for $30 (or a site/school license is available for $105) at this site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.acs.org/chemmatters" http://www.acs.org/chemmatters. (At the right of the screen, click on the ChemMatters CD image like the one at the right.) Selected articles and the complete set of Teachers Guides for all issues from the past three years are also available free online at this same site. (Full ChemMatters articles and Teachers Guides are available on the 25-year CD for all past issues, up to 2008.) Some of the more recent articles (2002 forward) may also be available online at the URL listed above. Simply click on the Past Issues button directly below the M in the ChemMatters logo at the top of the page. If the article is available online, you will find it there. <HIJKLfgstuwːô놴ucNc)h.h06CJOJQJ\]^JaJ#h.h0CJOJQJ\^JaJ h-h(CJOJQJ^JaJ#h-'h(6CJOJQJ^JaJjNh-'h(U h h(CJOJQJ^JaJh(6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h-h(6CJOJQJ^JaJh-h(CJ aJ jh-h(Uh( h h(CJOJQJ^JaJՑ֑בؑ45ux˫kZFZ8Z&#h.h05CJOJQJ^JaJh0CJOJQJ^JaJ&h.h06CJOJQJ]^JaJ h.h0CJOJQJ^JaJ)h.h0B*CJOJQJ^JaJph333,h.h0B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph333'h.h00JCJOJQJ\^JaJ>jh.h0>*B*CJOJQJU\^JaJph/h.h0>*B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph8jh.h0>*B*CJOJQJU\^JaJphxӒޒ@ASTUV﹦y hADhADCJOJQJ^JaJhKa*h0'hd:h06@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hd:h0@CJOJQJ^JaJh0@CJOJQJ^JaJ#h.h0>*CJOJQJ^JaJ&h.h06CJOJQJ]^JaJ h.h0CJOJQJ^JaJ@ASTUVgd~{`gdAD< 0 0&P1h:p2/ =!"#$% @ 0 0&P1h:p2/ =!"#$% P < 0 0&P1h:p2/ =!"#$% Fx VmLiu-JFIFHH      g!  }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyzw!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? ( ( ( ( ( ( (&iiia5Gzhhg3փqQLcO1Š((((((((&Xi03@ {yzh7wyoo /,i!_ʽR=f˖wy9.l][~/[ @5is c^;zʹ6W?hbBv}A{$OH .߂JY!^M~Ҟ ܶ?ڻLAUO^ !bg՟']SYegOZ#czsy?]T0uJ<5`͈oW3i6WXwտ9*i܆M#Ilq<ͮ|K?,SӴ_Zَn:T}J4kbjuh?}R予9qa _zu_2E{mGL^O][ n-Cu|?%*Tn~G^'Oհ)N}~4">;]+zenD$Y0z|!kHg tOʠ-xҧBUﺿSG /4gWC )&OtONp޾\6w`IW+T%w?Ͽi[2מs޾fK_M5&J\R5)EI!EPEPEPM=Ǹi1ަR(>kxj,ҟ{?[-LQҢ97sd.;g׆ <}O1`D-+"i<Gf)o!8Fc_#cIT8hpI۟w,V^{uh ലYV da<̅HΛ`xᖟmZVz̰P8OYJ T嬥O.fwb3L;᳈VTsSMTi7-S5<7+xuPw}&rĵU_qhi63 :{KR7ÈfTcbT.lV2K7{x t}joǞƿ\գ ͯQ8&ZWe(ߙ>Rr^5'}=ˍ_0.*ꜢЩ1ꖏ5W ;شTPEPEPHzP7Ua3]=k"m[fF~d\k <;$ןjk^ tۓZQV)+F2>޼cݜmxצ+I^?;_ew*T)zYJn_ۿok_Oq9MDž{9x?Sr æXbqk1Q:Uy%GpMly,.䒽#n kG,yvw+5}Iܞ\xcf,XʪC~şО53_ WyTW-]V7wGLƴ|=Oĺ 4{F{?-xQP@Q@Q@Q@ &:E#>{Z.EFyQ5\xXW?.}\>Xi"cB7Ⱦ7־v74~k!So~}SS۶[ԯ󋻇T#W0ԨC\2c{ ·;>y]o]m%$G%ooδ6?|Q ;_2R fZjFO~FG^ap2ŰܾZ:\R-cfneoͳ_G_՟E tx? MSRGO$tz7:7'ӒV}VLb;+eOdǙ{SZNf<$_IC-QK⊵s,ڶ*:X:ӏ`kf{5Cl?V=?|,H<FNk^2=JxYR2-~f?Ov$ͺr+IŠ((I6zü-Vit%t/n ,$u=nm7’Ii:^+x{%?GVϋ(MkZY]O97)wi$;ܜK_QLUJ]Z朞j3Vg)96p׈Ӧkd"ώ2w6~r~]k-\233(Ox8gږ/[J|W JzŽ;k{l .!_ſ}eUFr]c#.늣ׁx+o*?px]:+'KR0 s4z;{1("=_1k^y~6}>MW+viwD\Ͱ+?%&ғCKcSxZy)0;޵*ӡĮnZoFTcqw WCUakX={EE6eiu?>(6q+ͦ#eMYs]}fFz=.i/ښW#2n)J//'YSË-):5ueyKU#Sk{}=WwUVH^Q98w;n98'5|k6+=g:UnvyKt.,EU[yr'~hqKJj5>++{/xOTi'T_olާ%X][u-Q҂[8#&U;I$*Vμ_ԲܪYUQ擴w[=o_s}3g\wwOQҗV/[b~Py-\V'cz-w$\ktW5Ix,=7;]O>>>jW+F%Z}z|nMt_XM/䙵07n999آ?L0VO}_ ~'x/{7'Mƥ% 2/0q޿d|%xH^959ܥ:.2\Zk} >ΞkgTPEPE!:MH֑īTSj4 5K{ȗ F^hi/s&`:Sz1gnچkc߼a#5z焴+/hZD qMvlzw9rI;Lx[N:t&r:텮Igmdk9^tt<3\'v#ҡV9gaxSE#/JvV* ɝÜ~~-nBg?²2Z; { |I9|}c2ye7f|<-Wu}s_WBqݯ}OxjU%WZ|wWˈ-D?bе::sr9c46 9 $"kgt)>VUC޸Ќy/aUj҂'h_N.|'NJ|QgQ^L!pڤaܮ~bɯ|G)4? ;2#2Xh?v۹B-Y42wH5康mMc_S[bs-O8o0̥l4_n㦧qh.t,p[R5PZ(?pO9k-C>vivȴm''\Z,_֝E|2 j=Gnrwk^&X)vu^2O#5Y[ѡۉ k«^Mf?I05ˇa.oⶕnHbwRn=n3rwrovo`̭%O߮[즛W;b똑j_ٺ"̒y>GГ~=֡ռ+Hm28 qڟM~0ϥzeNŠ((V5e{jco_ef6OUq->< ՟ 6wT疯IORk@Rϴ'+|qMϩgxR+߈Z~휱B蓫ɺGCr}}.Ly>A(穹rjs(\സpQUO>5]3Q7duK}^qQz,pvmgN+OHGvz[L7?7NM˿ MGxMOim1cwssn-;=BQ!j徉Qy鎲MilIk]_3\^}IqP^zퟴ[dEb~ZNJ*`(xxo^u?Du y|1l.<1kTZ޻e-ދ]H{+;4+uo&7qW sOgk}[ |Lo-RqbZ89{IүEi c4pQͧ֡-D_SWҼyaeuw%c16}Wh5=0^?:-}i5ZmIrrSZ@ɱ)cyRaěKtRh~!mm\8;;Ԛķm|a%tJ~MhoS׹Ts)۴v~s1J/ua"ۨG{ݤ~I?֨O_]G׺%:=KkeoZi]N' /i~;Y\,Al&woֹ@55Z q4i֗ [Z<7<&15*ZN p>XL}|j;Io$̶ڴ\vy&'5CA'*$k2\ws_9%4sRevw#4+߽Yng9뚻edo/6 4Ny5\RCm7ۭnYש0^C#n%ӯ@c?d I4rq .G?U 54q̺?TC S(};׮I; ֟PaE!Q@4}JwmCs\l/VYGaᱢXNSQ  o|X5c}ן~SW~kY;-{҉?d63g?}i.ۿ:>3WJ}M*/ |F[9n-nn ȣ6#ZI/~ pڞN=kíYݭ;oC/XOeJ-Mݿ/wxu|J;L${wn#tY,zo~N~g=_㌕M_{WT c{knQ?6ɯ1s>,iLŌ3V^F<]E~gBYCϝh|Mu-W?d;Oi[y|7C&)ol.Eĸu.=[Weӝʎ>I$wbSEwU]|=zsBԮ= 9t/|= m:}$=_ϴž΅@כờgAk?\xᦷ"m}mR<kU՗3kWN1eoԴAv.G9ϳ}/Nv_?gp~%|0HV׺ŭVS1vAl`R&z=?3qSĶ6Tf5}m$I454 saϮI> ǞX7Ɠ#S_`7sĦf{G(5q;DDj/cYմ}L{s=՗(UKvK[ycʃSȓۅ?xzsnќI6w MC̑8: 䟑 .ĺ6\hBZ`8^ow3ߣVsF VF1]>}2Ns[xtL=>i?h yD_ڶ!KV׶A!Z`% KZ"[f<ƷTP3ɪ\*ˉt=ǹ5>PR‘vgpP}~o^z;ٛ Ďm(>rs"}R(ZXQ~~~'y1D_iulO(>ŝӔs~~T՟>ͼ|wkҥW'>C( (;Svi5^G=KgKw,^eimU[$4?26>b_\7c$Go&AhډA-֡2Gci&/dpI=z9 8zS ey&;KRz̶q{]R?6:w5kX'D[@n5X lq͜&j~0|&ChnkwalAg6ؼ_d}ScܒIݻ<_[-NU(S#F~9O{_i|oϧj^E`F^UxVU/^,54VBRzn ~_bzs_]oᇴUHi wko׀4Eݮ7Gmoj,'/ۍ=s&Ӿs SqFOS]4!C-Y~axJ}-;멟'KxF-.6?`0`z@xdjZ6]RHȳFT⻀իώy{33܇jzoui$6Ryl8ǜM|?a$*QݟGX=wE]%W~ Q?h{w#,wSdU 4;߉ƗΈZfKf9'v1Oo~ʗ*'{z̷\|xNJ`mEE't2Iueʼ]v۱݉ɮ?Ě:m.WŻo[ͧD[JZk9=}UFG-{^~V$ڇ~Vmw΂GqskJyv&+2KKS b}~nNvk5^Gu>R_/9Cw0?~ &ipucqލk"-[P|?񨰗tFNqף)ޅ^_wxfLҗS_܆@j'h |,}K)6^S~&We@69c;k^9?{pjnry؜|rj}E:= yW'5}n6SԳJkUk鲨Oֵ^~l=lS'gxThZk1_(]?~EmܳsխmuOĻ1 [iYggU Ǩ4:Y{KVI#Ǣwz}t?+mh[oxgB uNLpi޻|T1?~$q$ڮIq;){S6_ղflnJAq+__SO*/|~'Y/6hr-5-uMKR܂+HS9Ø OKJ/ךZ="?6CQп1w{\\\ gi$7G34>-+&x8ͮx?S 2^sFF8|2k[r|޿fg]io7窹eymoƍ ͭQ|%6$/\mZ~ΖY vz7,Xno߸K%./QFNN={)DU/'`HZU[ڬ ^0y9~$)I[kzjAx}~I3 !~+?i-ugYS?8>]Y]KG4 cˆs/mh<"yVlo{_KF}_cJڜŬ9! ki\}3=2zsj}̍^uxKм3iqܱi2~^澿!@x|3þ~&McR#H>'sW%tz߆?bov:Es/SXiZqpܠϸ ^͏t?=7+mqkM'Yjsn8N0{~ԊQK_{]x𞥦\i<_`o&-F9%דAKsMRQlFVYUec?ZSY۝}ߙ f?m/w>7H[nXe>{+'?l; Kԭ/n N cy?py_}2T:?xijh/W368][*66HRkⷹw=ܓ5htQP@Q@d^Ʃ2 Uu&q隆Xy֛y0̗2 e[Yc%+&ٞ'r>JM?^/' ƏC[k)𭤐k? ;oZ:C^$w\2BN]Rc7 ʶ=MONQҙկFw%G;KM[S?auR6%Y|,'ٴ|ŗ+S_˜]cEtGƺ:s/|W7s?ll8&V{MӠ\H2#GbqO_FqIxQuMBMoFR\5#c1nw,s\c}Ҝ9-- Ӽ=eaj-bob}Y'$9$ZӼ7kw?i'7՟aƝ(*:(zxO649 ?f0i YcuIfVs_躷!"8VbM˧?3̛Wl>߇u[5o4y&w)W-YY5WKE?v{6 nq>wI;$W[G{=l\޼].n|rXSi2?~Ե|M*ϗdrw'Nl[Yqfg[l'?iC#Ȇ,snDfATߏsc}4-g᜗^mfC+oQOgn/B+K;Y|#MeTvk<[qq;;+vÓ[n;v>}s_sR'^En.^NPr{%^ Z喷+q8*W|s+~&+Zƻiw~)h"iT\wsbia0|I_-o]>3􌿁sRػCoU{Y" _Zif>lsnXs5|1+.< 爯ۗۛs7Fr^eBK<,^a1*5{|յ?NcҼCicyiU󲳷'_-?xwԴx.%̜$nI353ήϼ_z.j_yW5Bl'J</Qķwg2WПΝqV6Y nΠo#n Me)YS:sK~x{FyZ7Ce~z-m* P!F Ivj<5?침^SKofxByI67yg^ T^3O={QiO5w?ڦItP2}ʓyMƁcU=ŖvrOskL4߼`rsӜVS܏sa>}{jzxj!t/zWV:'-.xQ"R 1{|iZx?U+7F4?vw7di|K…H6^el YsWn}_3Ψ/s^mof/J-`>-4Oxvm)m$BWw+y<Ʃ^+73 xˇUu ץO`eK-w{- 3Qu;WtcZn}qLvvj-G㐻rF<ӓkŞ19n3n"/|8^Nz!UqY:Tv'{~tsTL ԝ?TNS>W Oc1eimʞY$fhx~{͎_5`ɝ烗5|EўiPmKmwo[~=sNqRgxwT־~fOf (ahN~9?6k/~\'"tMB5'>[$pO;(`ߛ+g~sW+~|ix7s\h6zƚ$>({u$9[/]:\ Œǫ[%#O)=s}+ S1:Ϛ\+R4l|g$xIt]}oyQ#t y?:W7|A_ hbW뫫m<đ~sԱ&._`Ox:=/o$z__>%xsI)ݾGWHIYEmM=s^}/?Uqh Fm%s͓ߚYmF2ۻQy8l&#rS9g^/-u]j)d <[+95kտgVaou+9^/G)N4'/usa:ۚw?aOZowRKY&y* οP<5sk;Sя_͞Ǧ˘oEAEPkOR)3⃹_4eccR|=}búΓ/~2Ҿ1gӞg%_~xzyׯFUݝ*9a:.+oK$h7jc߂.5O,RͫYp_R1'w?.?ŎwذA/?* 4?N-BQ,ؐHy翽~ca,gI]߻[; tkVw'Yn}W35hcX(߿sriIҬKxwI;%ˇO^Mzs}kU[Pckuz_"2qRxRճ/|Ig3"*ѕ:BO- d?#98e5hr%,uiѹs&~~\4Fκ#mՎO#,>4f&Qvğ ތ|}I0V],~ipģ-ugmBM}kM˻s95^$|)|Qg⃥ϴ/+z28AP8OyNso]4_ x>]K+kFx*Rend]-t,jCjWQkp HqjRmOycJ3^[?NG*اkkE ~5?|sAw{cq .zO&Cw:gNM~|carn.2&|YxGx{PHq<xL*9nsuKo-^]rЮF<&R0/W?4Wh(}MدcZ;:uoExL(K _M~^Ӓ{ջ'g,G^Y;lMLڮk@(k5jE#ƼN?v\]~lW:Z|OҴVs;T)ۻ;$Vou)̨rsѻRZ^zGZhZώگyn'{alզٷS,$<\;I$2YV/s>:w?T|= :Wךom߻Ik<=K11 N*▧Ư*6w=˜`oX?Ԝs_'k1xG`4oqi'rf+3J mF)9(R]Sojeߞ_k:v^*V@9^j^W;;;wouF5݈*wUKˍ*ά)SV{zkwx[h? ZO&Faۆy~|A>Z_Z~66~c?Z/1KS/`5sj<tO#ȶI"=>xGu-7Z׾}m \ٵR᥆Y# vxBҿ< 5_4 ).&е}keۡh >=sשiz?Ү^{O|PZUݾa8g|8޹ϊ?e~ =;IturhO7NQ^E/:q\?W.͞0~ԣ`56Yv.~޶x/mb&yAY2FmԷ~xݚrөҥhr(T y)ruk: 7w1hoEM~xRڕ9\ӏW\4yS sڻrVAb(k}\5Hx߉_ | 3ZZxb;^k?qbSUNQ~e-SX,~|QOsK|Wk"Wتܱo)|z_ǯ4z~AfXQs/AI֔9]\֒.BoUwho|OXl_ӟ*s{9kvᖛ5D17o\ʉg׼7V'xA:q)m]_:>Z=қ c~ ҴSyi#[@٤ly8s+1Z`1yxe*[?ST+g6y 䗚mAYO7<烖y 6|=s Lvtvo%뮾׫JW#|1<?Ėֺ_tZѕAZ_%77u_(S㿙>'qO_3/ ˩i?5bakдg9 pwRƯk3|OUеY㧃: DzyFEQXjQ{糜¾2>_'E<Lmso%bꭻ[pk? Gtfq$^g݆v IJ[>TRٲ/'tLx[w>~jc^:+: 2,o"obVr- K0Z/Wᕶx;ǷWj%|残GOoR֭`)/ĪNbgRmwM) Ə_*4;_+iڷ%Rm=~~g\ܰG@?ZVBNrQ@yZ# R<Ėۭ0x& C]T\Y;{ܯSAּG_"yljM2B% #DytkRK|B`ּ7Ur^x"?Khj&p|9#k+JU*{I]G6%ߊ.FZmK^xJ95˦tm Ŗ^QXJn>03oxKG<*tUK0jr5;_Yy]z>0k[2g׃4{7$ö+k @K_ldpݼ:W\& o}'w$D,@H*O[ϻ~ xWůi;T5kj#|H>_2.ۏ'53_7[h> Vy-ln}Y(-.AVo{,D>K[xk9q>"oUK?Ě-dI]}ro :q|OiPKBAY_77-SnP>>|=Ǟ-[x,Nvq6y;ޭ;_'iQeB´`CA1Ϻ4~/j/B÷𽌨˖}!}io)?w[^/uoJb7u5-dߞL,duwf8!Wn~B"?J<&Mzgy1QC7#$ם?})D!@,w*2y:d}o}Jqwo~W|0{m > M2.I|iXO>k¿iOÿ*~;ts+MJUޜ>Ubř j7Fso}+SrRIn#v|!I~]{˽8GiOwrK15,YM; xSJffؖu2=s59sKt[|&ԡ鑴h%k:B?{́]wqX߱|EpϨh7 XL"W PyU:0z>֧G~9// {ṼY'KOx02Gg_l]!-k=#su\i]BOW+N-L=gSXp[%񷃥5;H^ A%2ynA\wgf/>tҿcM=5mP<[-e49\HH~:~/PߎSLކ&nCOœmu{u]Iu}A o!Q/HNy沦)=|aRF[=z}ዌۧ=k/s]Gi RQ@fa֩>׭[|)f;s=j{>%׿%R?k7S6F漛[;}k >^-GL|mC X/nXTsr>M(3 D6/us>)R vFVӬKeCřZoů*g|Xxxi֥0%PvUPҖn#ֺSC{YiIsJMjn}]χڹ7}Z1xxQԾ%F{:>;)3~g356V ĺxfi,S{o$;ex^5kY9fÜRi~ |3c_>3O% %Jm~湌4:Qqk ԭ=+[Im,9³$*#c־0PiR-f޿ms^<'946Vou UQv~]G p/ω6a;Zzev (Ak}k<4¬vҌkyNIO[~˙omD麂=hcۿm꛲NmPjuukr ?4hp^`?qv;iO_g׾/YAeo6 sjZx`K[$$>P9=o ֓(_xr+)$CN\[ 6˟'4}TWoS..S{8}S_o77UeխMe.5"c /0ڡJu{g|ƣ xUl5^/CT_}-&mV9xzRCnfbѽOh߂6Oޏ<[麓Ks!^) REI=y"x3Gx:~}_ZgY)mPI ?1ɮTi?3H!:9Zw璟GVx {GӇo}@r$/˸Ixk ϪǢP$G1Qln _%.}SYS_mki?gƟxg_ؿi(`ԕ*ZD9_u$o]kΉvci;Dc#U?lH樟T<\ȿkA&Ϗ?ll4c&*Z Z/v_:ͦ!x^/:!v?.W9sT߼u?~xR6׵i%3*}fQHAE!Q:"jFCy̧o =u[[3:5j&P<7CSt-s^:м-k$x?hɩ41 yfP=uu?n]$go]ƞ<7zΝ7Uˋ&f2HwIkݼ+5ƿx[]ZŦ\[F,#{:F7;70+RoF OΕG)?SZxNw]{s^7G<7Ags_Wtڮo$[IXO/ʹ_cI/2g&r<|2`Våwlg?.|->izG5|6Oh4"9Ϙ nNsT5^~z%ޛ6zd:vtMw?Hh#ɯа(C6`BUgZͬWug^k ɇֹ҇ӺS~r~Ҿ* >2Ӯq9nÚ 1_Ky[{"7DyyQUg?81>9JtZ]*Ju>ԇ[g.$\R.X;\=uf->YH?ѯw|̶6Z?O{_P?:Ş}AuoUbs^]Uםl?yoͽgW L!JLo1]#ϠϷt܋<{ڲh?c_\)m^ gn͍Àyr |~^ #Z5h5M:}vjz4|>*8yrK;TJuW48~ LqZ[X s@HIXo_?gsb۹\< # mHl.uB@ mqm[yc䪜kjv]zUuSV<_D@wumI) I&X%v?e-?ZZ55?2y 'nvA;Kdk}9J-g/{KO,|iKi4CI2A3k?>x lucšlEmL%A8aEɮiVNQ4e:n/?/ŝUs-xWVV]'IԆ6Mq6rÆ3-u?[ɧv6gk|1{ak]SjF|vCLz; |Mg|6mΣ,aW1F;ϛi= >7.XZWrӛM9iѫ5O7~('FMfSXeNCmzO~xO_]j ;G .3+Zz׽|.eӆ+Jujw̯~+rWzo+φљto6.!$@Fے<-׋>=κ7٠/|Yj_?߆h_Fzq _I¸:\y8늝ޥx7LrjWŮLw Csr_X u\隅tW7:]V$~nIW%FN^zEO8/Wb1p&ѶQ^yKS{[wW]}ۣGHJ˯ xy!,,̞Mx ~aѕ'O Vzʿ9Ɉ5ӕn߇! zJjYBTh{3L :ki7e>UdGݎOвS;VGwr_߭?Ro>XO5k=PmndnyGOJ|}{[}cOuIw)澲 [ φd5~I|7Nv,lQߜO&Czxb¾עǪ^0˟OyeJp|NP/ϫG57DX4ۭ,C$S5>f>a>qJ~Ξ0/J:[_xL]~LKxR Ns];|𗽺 ğ/V5o I.W&-uc"4jH^k>>O.=`hGHo}gVIU^FtӺϫ?g(u,id-v_oږ<2>0'59woo;m[>̗[b 7<#|>YNWDF/Kź~%x+}#} B]5+abgk?pS^"ui"n4H? y<_d_{OT;jؙJnU?3O_׆>$|LA_Ĩt+/l&b]I~˦; d٬ki7 h& sss[{ǟ奝ġC ).rZF*Ns\ˢw ÜnE@hh?be@nF$7]~1Fu  vouO OU+#e,7w[cǘoyY7 ;…<b{Hי /%3(ϲG ^<~ZWASIv>|[R'O>,F[{kZUf|$rMT.? zͮwEiCw#atb"6y^biJnu;^z+6~ŵ^ͨE(K[Cm9 Ϙr{^yM[W5-پǿT.ӝ>~?xG[ሧԿo]as3kXJ}ovN~~5[? FSg7v+ >$y֗+,AvLx+BJ\+=_.:0g*h#k,3/-^{[hYIXZ\JfwIUבvn_=L^gzgO­#.πH@P]GEI_ei &̞Fe[xCӆoBĜ%āw!arkiŮoN^7s;+ռ%:|??l5+.YD4\9$3g^ͥx7L44-6$Ъ޵ܴN]H=z:h|>1[a)o[x]۝޺o |L{\e?1]ὲh4+?w[ە3 a֤d0(֨>e ވ$-cG7OcFdϧ4ټdS,xKu<i|%\*\ϹaǺNJax?}~3/kg'c.m}FN1H>b,{ᘊWŝ=>:xSze]wYK$HnO 2.k+NI3鈿jE0xoWz͕%xS$+q =Ck3_C? mjY6 %HLb"䏒`黓\<#١AӪ9n>{z4;˿GK&HfeS*J#m'̪^3o~猯u>5BIj6_1ub2yN޼y͛biӫR5y|Qi y=bSyymo|wׂA /WZݹĺt'P2we1'Q>nWs_iz Z-։eyf(.E1+ֺFc9 [xmv2cQBo #1ʺ[_ D[xUv+)Fi2]yE L= x|m(TKUN1t?M j^ ծ]~-!'^"Iob++%kSqu\/f.\k˭_d׭$?K,d /v|5Þ|aUԺ<++i>um#"IJ6r6u`,w_Ah #|G~Nv76FprrN{^/F>GI/7~[ [ZkKH-|]ߕtxy^Ʒswf>cm-!iw: ] uAmU>Xk*?6aká؇H]K%b6!XOIEEȸRQ@Q@!nMYg9{ 3q:>271뇿tzZׇ61V$n'cI+771g<`|1dOz5ebOϵoZs'S8xW ~@?Ƭl.&_"6|KQ-mB3׭0ש[xQ1Gm4uO+@}1kN-jԋIv母=F?ZTJ$1NI6-PEPEPQ|O@߿*O[/c s.r\nrI0^>iZ¯IK2GN{K doK樣Qd|P'5sXu^X_w7zoĿ |mK$rMc%ݫA+*Ѷ' SߚwϚ7]5g+[.?xc>Ds"żs2c^~n3:KY6_]A 3Hϸya~>ר~OaMᏗSO_*D xg[7S؏;+uh/Ӻ_ྯvb)MRK5ݜ6h#RWo%YjhKڔm-'/T83ny>o?i_ |2ҾKO:iֶo.)'w$I#f'G~0|W" nddgo=[qZ+M5sȫCg;DI!@&>> G|il xL~]NSm&d:NXD4t_K/k&SHAm ay'O|4/6Skw=|'QKvyśr?. G{Gq+/x 3ºAp~Eep:5?s|QO#'\sK?\G$(({Wx'<%KEʹIw @03n_ m/26aY!/$ٯ<x_|6w?ş\8𖿦 "bbB@RW"/ڞNO}E7WϾ_@pL'1Hao\c|}J?Sk ͪ~ne[m8yj0|h??i ߃~-XŲS:U-fhp $Q\!M7!]Fޙjg{?-k :FCSo:Yd0E/"I.[8ɯOSGmGeS_>&|w\= .OȐ.T'G᳚B>hƿQ{G5\{'hS&e#yn~@z@x"[Ků';G[S+ vȭס@F~>6ߵ;:|Y>ڦk2\O ŝ[KYx|18+kg~3O4O[^q֋Yh ڻ~'19bjдg6鳟__ M#~Ҟ/tx&t)o*)y&>~h'u)x|+.A6 /~ޅeJ^S+G]5 j5VFͿQEl%;}s5Í3&FRۙaa瘙ݯOl|A_77UӮn5VcO1`9c#O];⏄6m׆* M%V!#_ݳ=<]3g`VğL#x/W=Z=?36#NkZOCHC ( (e7?joږv|gH)|=٫y#Ho%f l>~_NoqZIt}JKdҵ"YτqI3TQd)Oşw &Ҿ> WQ٠ biykwH ]_xr ׷_#M<2v'0gKI!OM_EfOKXdX'-]@=׌߰xk$~ {-NIfays}񔸑<ۿ4|@/'ď׆.VQӣ- ylbYr73AW4*hٷ|5u4t߳ь3FT@?g'Okk>o/hxJ!7]~uxcHx=kl>!֩/[ J{(OܖQ_qѨ f~>=-GĚn^[(^;hC8_zᮁ?٣ZSמ״'ωZ٢s=m_OOk7yWMA`WSUrƾa\>xH^z5Ś8+f39HĬGrrM"\|y"2KU>k]]yEđM65Aix|1ͦy--~ϩI$3wۇ_Z=I'QM v|Sæj5yڢEⲍ++NޭƟWfϋ&?\[ݙ,=ܟc_^=nZ:zǂcO?ſoW>7˥Oiu\O4JzG\y xZssqc,xU߀?* mth=1ekx?$*; ZSsRXnWc}3z/poGS?si_tJmmiӾ@>'LMtWVlC*dF h?ZuKs ?Fտ}:Ɨql94?>0ih{^5/I$.+e\4iɹ5lc %$Q@Q@%`~}}0=:&6m_8 dT~>:5m ⾩%tճ}I<טcaz׻>8-.*5%ͯ]uΫáxÿx/XVgDgLy<<\O_|w|sRme3k |7z⩞ZꥩTS6_R몿f9kwڢӥHDzyubs^3$O2| hķPO˰rt<ָ֥*mx/T1wW=]]޿=ƍ'|x5dI3;󻞇5ߴ>:h"ShdkO2fA؟zt3Wr>gCSw%OM;?z>/QaE-X~Usjڛt{[H_A4h3+& uxM}WFc|K$[$q?W%~ޫVxeʶT`s{穜(rqoV{)_C ħy_v/mP^4;,5 zbL HyO|מ@<%}WuSJhqy|gT?ua/^YS#-}Ͽo?:k6rJ:YWWcp wGq|;־Zơ K-T1lz@ E.H^^֬ykos\/혟EV61_.爀ۇ;`waq=}OndWR?ғjts޺O Q(AKW^PEPEPEPEPEW7αw|#xq?-3} {ׅ‡|L>%LTS?\w9#_:/4&%_Ԗ!>oa:g&n] ~ԾQZ@C լaow8I6lzף?<5 ~9-?.q>65Ui,_'ٕ|45k:+<ǭ#⯅?#:\7>Py 2N~>6~ <_?Zx-3gVδ_kL._q+ ;N+S_3޴[iוle,rW>㨮Š((((((rKiR70H9Ny=7WY_UB2:Ҽ,R[{\kbkb=X[73t"߉7}ui%V29+ֽ[|)\ M7q[,>2Fq!ńԄ>#SQ䧆RK~ \i>:ҟri6HֿC,<3e|-Tzul<ڨ\+ yk|[vy3~>y)Rt';w?8u_'5o^ -^ɨO93߿>z,}+Lӵ=NZP]ȣF:iT?#}|O~.Ohm/}φn ;뚗@?esvmi?傂X ~j.{3] i{귶cV> >.񗇵#cҦ<Gs^OWϊ'\~(5u=پn,^kzYwԆ{f{#00ٜa ;\6gN'-̓ZJ.51g 0qի9ӾR^yiP~ǽ]<1tiǸ^3v#.+ǧE.;?5)̷k9kO655oC \xY<Ξ./뾬(((((((ozfÿ=~qڎq@QM01N@l0LBv&450sq&<Ԕ Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@n<,a L6h[PNG  IHDR lZbKGD#2 cmPPJCmp0712`IDATx^휋 EcYm. ~gUp !eֻ=;awNRV|'Be.Hpl6|A@YPZBx0{!b<WxWPٌWBBR{ BHT1 !P!nfYfɇ)k?K2i˻pz:q=݈$@;p@{Dg۬(5`c=="E6O5?D{ٱ= >β2MsL_=QD4 jlP#˔JcyT1ċN`g3c ,3T/:TBSҺlH++eRufZeAGv\!*)̑Wn C\@C d22:Mj&@ /+;#J+ e )?4bGT~!8nƙ4`.\[14E@ 6Iv :J?`B쩲ixTJ2Ku*T)%m:bJ$=|fh<4y@z(n gih$ۣHz"Sr{ēGMH[YB4vmi^sJ]Ͳ΍@!n05_lH7OLf@7BDDs\!*rcB r!W)=\!*rc+Whll@Ŀ˭Iu32Dw?bYқhHqhU C>i{@I2 Utu7?GkܵkRw2:hm :IENDB`n` i,c2+U>PNG  IHDRebKGD#2 cmPPJCmp0712` IDATx^] k7yZVhJUAeIREe{ ^CۆWf80'*zo-^VfM{a>ݚ2^ȼLa^b]\;^\mJRf7טs'3/Ab{KM %`0sgۊ|c9JEyئ i,T1mCXVlKgګ3MT}<ۖd|u%wu0~`Ǹ=9g%Wr1hʻP!M; 1t,On"Cη'Y>Ϗ! `q؟sT/p!.Ɲ~='lCT hí]x9lJ}qpn'eъi*Up X.j RVE6o/U(hdPϬm`uUE`2܃X~z_{b}ɓ?9SEpMi$c{S |6Y/Bxn" GLyn:֝O7lLAgDmN'W 1Y)n‘n9 cq,/zQw b>AdKn %"1RҵrL’9^s 25MmߙxKd&o"DVR%Q+=ll,a[q%ćuF}&@_G8 JnWj/;#_m1eT5] %M |PW ͨ+ZB5kZ⯗ʭH[dO6vo$zQ?Qz="khsnh,b34 (nm۫Zmwaɹ胹N[HT=A6'P0䖻xdר4ˤ8G ڍj(?1" O*c$b >>E17^6E$LFEK늣͠xxnsr6{jȎܽ-vM4ENK4Bm;`Ock"+]srI[ ٖUO*WKݞ  '`?dIUlϰ<7\hPf,nX=gv/~eoo(+T鐐vXqٱY Eu̘kTJK/yv 64絋Y5.+I_BAA~v'}*P^-iSg)P.Vu]ل[MUmS9/)$ WPꪭ&!8#&dk׼`!m }mvE*p@] m׮UI<~7ıь?b6ɦ'0& )kJW.5q(BGPݘ}ADgm~ `N;0ux# SF{s|dn^?8uwHslf.T6nYUj?vp8Iy4?U! oMl?dۄS}Aխq7{`ehw'a6Ĥ!#b.cc]a}`4R vm+faC% ga'Rv@ `'m|:V} vĈ"*'zQmt/a0R^R5ہfe$h𛹡? {9Q~bfC|BGaؿ(זEo=A:oa;oBeGIc(Cƨ jl5a 樯֕=y)'vxPA^f ./eCtՏ[aoޥ+X0: 2|Sp)o|/xp.zwej]za/ *>2D}x\ɗ^̍KŎE㇃|3}-iO54!' ̾a-}Ij m>^K\ivs3wtC&Juaߋf,ҧ2 Ɩp5;8[Ё'l`?lyIENDB`nILXZF.PNG  IHDR@gbKGD#2 cmPPJCmp0712`qIDATx^\ ܓ5#jvꪘ?w#Mc];^.h*ŀz`cY,cl?WkwsZ$zZ^YF! ̌'j}$YVmii^}%E?2Srbt?;xp);Jds;:s@p s HHc5 4*CVE֐8s94+MBU0 i h!/C\jiR=~&Q\\n5TEX\xV0*L}:ȢƇ?p)f=ЙT*l84r%%y3 7> (i!j:!gXN%l?% 'P>/AorzϷk֣l\PMCp``̥8@$VcP +$6fYCS}6d $1>}aH>(/2Y))z eIr%@櫷dj?z1[ob - d 04[`ant=gنX:4‚`Hc@k CZ{h({ECp[ 7.Y-%Z$(Y;[ǽuChrF5)m=u"zH9"Q,ADQi\׷dȻPJWxă"~Qڟ](,>nu Wx vkK NfߦyWq `(CCƀ 4P01!=4 i hTzֈ5N_n'_="Lw k|'}\铋72Efpq[v܅Ic|W^i[qoʿ WA!d~,oi5;#( j=XRyKnZ -V{/JIENDB`n.e+<[F +8PNG  IHDRH=PLTEMMMA cmPPJCmp0712OmIDATX1n0 E9q^{{'HmKApH= {@s z7$qa jDAv("GI\:E!\=4aY%%-:EgNKP (9P'A}6iw_QԃX|\;@{k2FҬi 䋸b?ud6zf1u3PYMQ{LdvKx#Eo\=%k`'Y(]čՐ">CMiq'rI[wZ*W#c#PW6b 䴂1ӊ Z (x6 YءFhl b{@ jr~mˠ޳ Dώڭ$kRuW\Er&%2>(3@JA`'h9OC]DSkt(řE@٬}TY!o5.ϭ݉]\oޱA?XNZIENDB`n'(᭧MRA hPNG  IHDR;}]PLTE@ ` @ @@@`@@@@@` `@``````` @` @` @` @`@ @@@`@@@@@ @ @@ @` @ @ @ @ @@@ @@@@@`@@@@@@@@@@`@ `@@`@``@`@`@`@`@@ @@@`@@@@@@ @@@`@@@@@@ @@@`@@@@@@ @@@`@@@@@ @` @ ` @ @@@`@@@@@` `@``````` @` @`ࠀ @` @` @` @ ` @ @@@`@@@@@` `@``````` @` @` @`𠠤X4DtRNSS% IDATx]ɺdWW[Qt;3$ b޿XATJBqGB .+ӚtX)7 |>F)rI[m'!?C02>'e;>gG?Yu*W`T]gW#&.{`僾r-a[+r#(Эۥ7!#p  $o@F&:]/7aI&J"cS䷄@Jsǣ|XUۓA"H^#|~=2x)X!54s#wN( 7q?le0뛼2" c-'.Z":߯qRVRg.!f}Gs>GmY-@ JJuI*%D>@!M4f:0gub0VWc #B k?^ gnpD +<l8cu BKU3f/07jr( ¹TÆ3xe2x<KH "ι}\3ݾ)P, `&T!;{;' $_]6_ <O 8>(F>p*U od̢ |#S-a߹0"iF|4RRQeuc3h`c3e9:S$@00B6K?sSr6wMq*h/t6pN;OvQ_V~@d(X%K[+G$ ,٢ :Q 0QlfC1dwX{Z}/b$a\k_>zC-1912s#ħ/@)p,J=Њ0.VwUcBR)p  .? ?g ޽nь$)ܷk4[ q@1sgJ0y00@a23KX58QYIz]1/?&^1p3u9'Cmit-5H; 32~L0}ZFmΈڨ3Ӏ`UƧ9&z0M٧8F3hV͠YCъ]vmeO>LJ 2Q=B4t;bPV ysAJ 뇍{ `;!#ɠvWض}-4+9.B,x:D g`Ospi"A q'N6<ж5X8@-'U&Ґw"sW ow%{@e8?I!1pnSPwHF dіy(),so^aG J6.~hh݁y=wL ?Qw`2;wZ{ J b?!ܥY) js<fw5dmB$$A]cq@K0HEnəӅz3t-d?fU 2̀Nq ^1 y++TI'rzjiK;eIdv~~vlK NP*3){|Nz5Ϫk f~͕?o\C'ҳXpm`d6 F==GcEAB! 0@a 0@Tc<(a7X;g3裗QҾ:|o)J``28: L2j峭I Bz\" fgь=-B@X 8nlre(ޕsƮZ'5~'v~GGxG 0kxy $K6YK*F̜)P(/c pףrζtF^dFԯ2$(r4 gZ, 9z 6 3,H-ia•n&f Z k?.Etw4 *H6ϩ_g B*,P:9XmK%{l@*6k'2(4+~T'M/6 ?G@dIEh PTu1; 5 WUr `KĶTK#?GQxUY"wCPDfQZM?34b9b>Ÿ`>|W D%l l x57]'1ؔx!ZȺ |0zR~j1bOa~(&!r4X!ۏPmڴb1K撩 Qe uuSk+>Q9gNF[&>ҭlUBb%c D@@+a+٣I%|r) FyS@$HYe.T ioWTuۿW:=S :[B z6Ak*oph*"?.n ?^I ϙeJ0\gp\&!2Gl [W'M`poqn#I@ Ԋ$1n@] SU5%f}׭;v+EToXOǑ zoJ@AƔ"%./s2%D&?( 3 %6AJXv(>ʗ>\_ o`0I% 6?Hi+fE̷C#woF/xm6 XAho >"5d5:9|TCY"(ĝCSZdzÂ:d:H p"ka'a~R 5 hS[vAӊǝ2"_(k |)X 2jޯ IXh\5В%C0IS@Ϗg,B#KR&=GO}Uc>EmGt#qm%m\}j̈a )9iB fS ]fueDf0 !h H { ъ]@(z0B ,2B[I`Eݔ%` gp `Bh/^R2 ~3К,G!V{8jr;4'Aێ82O3BՉb_oiq!XuN VB̜Mn Ȭɸa0]%6 k^ ^V=j<6&B`SjvEb29ذCтGζq `> &TbQ33!'xV.q$qGv$4+c/k B([θ+S:g:v  JȞ[.Pz1?ҵyKyg * i/A#%J~%h^6 (7!Lq8S7([ 5"%h62bO6 崖ՕPC5Il] "i}=a@BH*$ŕ@"} )/D@Zh(X@5 ^s%&$}_+}5%x"խh:@)L:+ wԀ~Sԡ cDhP.A ;'SbQr:[s䳨p\ ?lH?9YRx:F2sfI1DTׁUU`O7'Ly H<~ wjCYME)A؃s)dK(HT]JНtg}ii"Ag6xD!"  D@Z$" HE-h@Z$" HE-h@Z$" HE-h@Z$" HE-h@Z$" HE-h@Z$" HE-h@Z$" HE-%}Ƃ(]elk^g_NyW[%b9 },!z n=4B#7i, .=W53_ݛJ$l6"|89FOmnX(A2Bj&1kW0 ?gB 6: uc0-gSnc0%̓`xoj:jvS'QkכΠ,~ |Ρ 6zɧ(zL?^[Yn_$U$j~͐ s@n=>!S{dmf%2򃩍f{~zS_e7؃=gtXO:& 7:L{K4d؟jYSt mXx 0~4ܭa&8&8zZSP0Ӿ)aZen^c]KabCӿ-j j$3_SA;BaYu8k[:.`Lԭ5շnPnRL7&îFx P$=1n߫ZyRI$ega˅|^`E 5GhZ~3'4#ݯ!{.&#wFzx?&k0Aj_RJ]Q` k穝qL̐xorKl~|^ Fk?I&҃O{o b/sE99i]Џ %kz^䀃sR n >rd/S¥j B(A:^&8μ& "7Bڧ\&1A2`MH/cB[2pK;T R!ul&b = OqrNg^ML@xF7 -#:F $&#V|T0H#"6N9{>CXrJDbZ:O9눉8"wLK0Ϝ}D~rv*Ja@w ST#>eTsWpd  {Oy6oÏ 6uAMksPBL N@N 6Y#&oMpն( 6Yz L9={$oI^h MHrѴMBM^j r3? 4:Ļ,慖,8Qq{%$q' FmR&P{F C%s3nԱ ȋc=`Lnԕ x%EQ@J &K<ڿsH[5\. /cK6+ xEz b6=){LoM2[LPM2&ڷH0A% o,&K Q-'5A.m,~-,m0Yhf&d, &Yot߳@?h1 ?i/{ *ޜЛ@b LЙ)G *F3q^S t&zw QEa4Q :Ӽ;BE/CwǨuNFL*jlT:1ty2QD/{LС1Bo2A(NϘ7Jt}i x LЙ1Tst'yyƛo׼7TTL^ԕ lfgw&HYyLK7ؐPY̊Cή\~+3`>-eF?.l)6w>ڎ*{P]Ⱥ&2&Xfm:Voa[a27D}8prYorР#\}+3\[n-ʉh!au<& 㓽Ak97A=7 Mk&Vs<2|6t<킔 >@}af5pveuYk<[O.5 u@5ӭɸa < RC <vrfF]oeg3fhX^b̡`ͺ]1z _'ծvt6Zh (nl5 X=Ngj ZVJ%hZo_iqAiqA1}~,8?d-&#/@ 1@L @Pb@ &SIDATh1@ ZL b@-&h1@ ZL b@-&h1@ ZL b@-&h1@ ZL b@-&h1@ ZL b@-&h1@ ZL b@-&h1@ ZL b@@yL03Ň8\dwD’ƾ0|TtmA9|Е w$KȦbX$V&·[Q6M{55Ȕd mSmG`Ň`.έ)ViاQ\I@ PF<~/&+B%t;.xLE07[8ep~X%Z#\m2`}#}72 v;TI;hI `oC1*\6MNd&S2ɢbG뭈)"bA:]#íeJ:G%ؙDL#hb1~ ^&laHP=_9IeVyV{Wz +E!=Yn1+4Y{]p"Ď$fK03}5sUC 4׋$\ZEŎ`O DWd=Ic}=vއX!?5E]EɋݮJ:}T8 PLSɎjBe_0]/D]!.?ecRTP?bH`UIdWLj<ּ1?e/?oLĉ WȮud_!F7lm L"UĴwv(T)tV(|-=c2oPxb"V?qHa HXWi! (7BL@WIU.M1z6IENDB`:Ddz 9  A(?(logo_chemmatters[1]Picture 1logo_chemmatters[1]b("կG$"D4n"կG$"PNG  IHDR7/PLTEװfffӨff̙f̙̙TTfTTf3̱3ְ!Mf333ҙ3f333333xKEE333f G3tRNSqbKGD2@L cmPPJCmp0712Hs IDAThC wHi@ԎyȖIH2Y ߭gg2ɜ3cztk` y׏Oet.iy_;t>?wb)~Kӽ]VM}v }~OjŷtydzgύQdy奢Sg%Hӽ|gynМ%?}yX4Υ<7m-`?D{rKS%{tdKSj*վ=[(FU WU[ qG M6Χj}۶9AKrT*DTh]&"cl &dZYﻊؼmu 9}:m?]W ԖmNM?Vcc D꺚E3bMB8Ӛ#>yU{wlDZ◞]'Ww>AuZ1)4q&v(K[s\JrA1AlDƒ(]8aǤ#AWXPflqyP_qzøp={x|) =qC#B8/%<+U[l`3\~WoHot$usQWګ,UWe6 iNզxD儊i|Vѳ? =j@3Z5 5bWeZ*-A'C u(#d {ٯHoѠ5mGfKq?;IT6)M_nȘ>*˟놱}7j5ݺrC.(К#6쪦$nn FKwaZ5"*@,]\ *UGxqPqg.: UE Hh[<$Zi`'Vnb\Bc36FrTmH35h!!]V$|j%id9"r îLÎ>CX.U~T4'ak痢mP{38:? ZL ?Ȁ,@cb4oj)_ޱM٪D,~3%e t4xbn0LY)C\y)Tݠ{x}ZCNaPFbUcWMU2D#۽2M{˼Qz+lvJeޛMQ2(bQ迭9Ge .Z6F.WX\nb @A'#d<5XM# ovn@_F5;AVdX:yB@<8'|ьՒb*o; θi*-X=M,$hr:SLaovnLJGQmIͩb%LR x\G3,/ r:DenIA!h=K-8(Q L *a-b!9[bك]!dR7_mDf*f[:Go&H)Q-ְn#\l5AIG)Ј4-5Mw MbH"Z(& )f"4eq^S27&oκF5nhAyӎ;,>=gG]aE&X%g^2G:As!4=2"lRM{68%OJդkxIH;cV5N&8P &6{85O9VD XU}^EI@&[[K|": >tcŦa&bea%RӶ:մW!lMi2p(| (!&[3$AɐTX&,Oކ4&Oblb*#{ԏVbgZ}+,4i"$tdTك@FxdVV+Hja*pDnZgau1d_8ls-$ͣ\dH?UU% fC?r=i܆Nƌ:6H J$q2-SW\k{E%& PXhk.vvK0!DddN>^YC'Wؚpչֶ^.:eX^"t("EA,knnH䌣zۇM5Yo3'q”IZ¤gQcвr{wsbH WJ sn2廙-1syj1T BW4ƵۺLZɯkc3a f H`MinL)0{o4 Sv ⎠#6#*F pm&$k>3cw9UO1̌Qz/T˸^;EjBи+ĽF{߅g-DZAF6h";(^ǻzuƛ&tuXOhӂįҲ6.9$ s8;k ˄|*5l7uxC)1A<VD۲H!{IxH!4m8r''F Kre) 6uқHФ|H>ʢ&"M1MޏO˻v4i>FXF(6C5 q``{oj}phޠPy~sRJl^>bh=Ηh*9DU$aΓ)JA:<|JyJFӆxvz`"kifXfz0_njȀޛĩ|ow2L,_֔r)IM=?h^aH3SO|>W4Z+=io1P5jˤhay2Hi2Y`ܬ\6@3Nշ?f٬Q>9M_L(2ELT̏F|`QV+ ݧ/c➧}><߽OEJX'G R%#yM^9lh^?F/xGT_/?S& IENDB`}DyK _Toc342402292}DyK _Toc342402292}DyK _Toc342402293}DyK _Toc342402293}DyK _Toc342402294}DyK _Toc342402294}DyK _Toc342402295}DyK _Toc342402295}DyK _Toc342402296}DyK _Toc342402296}DyK _Toc342402297}DyK _Toc342402297}DyK _Toc342402298}DyK _Toc342402298}DyK _Toc342402299}DyK _Toc342402299}DyK _Toc342402300}DyK _Toc342402300}DyK _Toc342402301}DyK _Toc342402301}DyK _Toc342402302}DyK _Toc342402302}DyK _Toc342402303}DyK _Toc342402303}DyK _Toc342402304}DyK _Toc342402304}DyK _Toc342402305}DyK _Toc342402305DyK chemmatters@acs.orgyK 6mailto:chemmatters@acs.orgDyK yK Thttp://chemistry.org/chemmatters/cd3.html$$If!vh#v#v#v:V l t06555pyt 9$$If!vh#v#v#v:V l_ t06555pyt!A$$If!vh#v#v#v:V lz t06555pyt!A$$If!vh#v#v#v:V lz t06555pyt!A$$If!vh#v#v#v:V l t06555pyt!A$$If!vh#v#v#v:V lz t06555pyt!A$$If!vh#v#v#v:V l t06555pyt!A$$If!vh#v#v#v:V lz t06555pyt!A$$If!vh#v#v#v:V l@ t06555pyt 9$$If!vh#v#v#v:V l_ t06555pyt!A$$If<!vh#v#v{#v:V l06,55{5a<yt>$$If<!vh#v#v{#v:V lY06,55{5a<yt>$$If<!vh#v#v{#v:V lh06,55{5a<yt>$$If<!vh#v#v{#v:V lY06,55{5a<yt>$$If<!vh#v#v{#v:V lY06,55{5a<yt>$$If<!vh#v#v{#v:V l06,55{5a<yt>$$If!vh#v #v~:V l t06,5 5~pyt 9$$If!vh#v #v~:V l t06,5 5~pyt 9$$If!vh#v #v~:V l t06,5 5~pyt 9$$If!vh#v #v~:V l t06,5 5~pyt 9$$If!vh#v #v~:V l t06,5 5~pyt 9$$If!vh#v #v~:V l t06,5 5~pyt 9$$If!vh#v #v~:V l t06,5 5~pyt 9$$If!vh#vB:V < t0O 65P34<Bap yt'$$If!vh#v#vk#v :V < t0O 655p5$ 34<Bapyt'$$If!vh#v#vk#v :V < t0O 655p5$ 34<Bapyt'$$If!vh#v#vk#v :V < t0O 655p5$ 34<Bapyt'$$If!vh#v#vk#v :V < t0O 655p5$ 34<Bapyt'$$If!vh#v#vk#v :V < t0O 655p5$ / 34<Bapyt2$$If!vh#v #v#v:V i t0/ 5i5534iBayt'$$If!vh#v #v#v:V i t0/ 5i5534iBayt'$$If!vh#v #v#v:V i t0/ 5i5534iBayt'$$If!vh#vP:V K t0,534KBayt2$$If!vh#v#v:V K t0,55f5W34KBayt2$$If!vh#v#v:V K t0,55f5W34KBayt2$$If!vh#v#v:V K t0,55f5W34KBayt2$$If!vh#v\ #v:V  t0d65\ 54 B` apyt'$$If!vh#v\ #v:V  t0d65\ 54 B` apyt'$$If!vh#v\ #v:V  t0d65\ 54 B` apyt'$$If!vh#v\ #v:V  t0d65\ 54 B` apyt'$$If!vh#v\ #v:V  t0d65\ 54 B` apyt'$$If!vh#v\ #v:V  t0d65\ 54 B` apyt'DdF1d  C @A(streamer?fid=563287b2̈́+o} =4n̈́+o} PNG  IHDR;5gAMABO pHYs  $tEXtSoftwareQuickTime 7.6.6 (Mac OS X)_tIME   ] IDATxieYV3/ȩ*kȬnUT0 XKB@mYi Q,d$?1 m*PIΑ9;iOx/q_FD];9[k:AZZk<?mmq3BhoO?O}>7PJ;^xM[w|z.w~8+>sȲ@FD0Úw}w\c O^tiiiZ-xx `KwvFc9B;iԃ^i]sP9wZ{eqv-5( $ (LP@^Oa_׶<+ ) _=c5{M3z2`DzNGvr`\p ʲ  tɓ'aOD`ßia߉FAgAiqi]AwZkzrkṞc&lr`E!]adAɟ o-<?7ހO}:67=a'wˎ߿9a ,L`N]ؠW^yhȏ|+_/}_SO=?pJp&pgp2f{&9-{^>fpZ7"G LX',p]r0&{_|` /~ƒW3LnN)i!W:=o@?q*sЕ}ZeuZ Kpuu'v`SXn{=_Ya'`܀R@K7F}w#u؈o'EƊwV~a xSw`'ef5ӱ3$3d&;O2CLfr? 3$3d&;O2CLfr? 3$3d&;O2CLfr? 3$3d&L. Ԍ:0~5k&^7lvtfȡ#6&)pFpu-p ̣rD C#&ΆN Q$_f}_ec/C(5~{<[D/z8i}b) a5*<tɵ10w, cX^8rn( s{OP&L2C"qC%5AGC3AyR uFH-7057X2Ӵ;]A 3tVA_ۥZ@x[0G]/uGxn Z~oq;MA1z-@n׸ۇ̷^XɰeM,0eg-Z0Io(zor(%nS"Ч=@}i` !dByL5vOG<aMYoFֆ1n_ĆTC^q:8ٹi(%!<4-q)V'#Z᫕R"2JV ,Xhɢ ,W7'\G5ygsklj%V<~{ v1ywA$ 9W:>@eeP VҌK@5B* oq7=㇛fl%.]Ys*V2FI,#FN+@+#Uq J$NTpL%J7eSp{"dä7xÖh䠴$gA{;q3yL Ţkf6&@Z"^ZCѕm\c#8p]v0áDphɣ,Iܪ*myLr0^&HsNcF8B ]:V~ja"/7w"FlaA59 de AJ /hoz8SJa=SFZ)-~{՛Q@l*֤Yzϼ}mW9rO~T/-qޔMJO;$R R?;sꋯopB 4;ͷsZdgv8l:;q>MeH{ xuuuee%X^ذC~g}6=s@?Ov`½A>rL"h&ml,M7ϿG*d۔+W7MLƕJ"`#AZfn`ZL٢old([ixUG6Wh5o3k:\%0~\9ᵊAsٽ<s؉ŸEQ%] /9! B=ᅷ!0wq"3.4}yQ+ר>O#Worlw>uu*2_d_g䓏?8'? 68lH|B)n$pO!LD40U8ňJ SWϭmӂqoe*+seڕK{%}*h^0 j\PX%[*߾dfyQx)he[E~ah\b-?ݘ'\;|ﷇl bdx&0S9^90bCDv .^ '裏˲ MzpVM\ =!x^9Q_]hRҠ~RŃ?ۅһ]iG:횹c\jkw#Y(pV|L@[BdekǵVZXcKc#U>siss\;L9<זX7*3ZN8~߸f䖄XE@lBN)UgQ1=sԉO2 fԩ,h:C mћo]80d3LaŒ'sqE;.x0GCǃ%\ +h#-uCkzdqJocmPrXv㜇.g[F;k2IR)Ɂmm;xp`a9P/!21|)V&>8˧4T}I}Ac2t31@6ɩzyY1ʼnalb*֒ͮ+_ۈDl7v}TĶNꝹGN,_.EȌZ1LF>{tAŠ.nM0'ԽvObAnC)Fm쵮#hEֻRo^zu^!!|~Vbg7LT^ܺ3ܰuؽ){ e|W,DĬr.14]ʛՍZUr@2ICYH{$&=ۀTG[',Xak0dPF *x$`4T7KխZ ^:-LŅriX&1R  KAYH)) _"".mK`1tN2bb!bt|>*Jswvl9Lb~.*S*+&eLthq/XL;C ؼ VgfFOX Np &WGEŁ9I|,lVڢMK] >M5b1 󂢵{w *-}Uh6{<*ǖɑA,eILR 5 т %X5-ސmÙj5j@crNUrnN.#gPsF P|e[e^ZrWunZ4uջ̳-fC'\>EigC,F;B#F;d(4##ƫg98V5E\Ղ7IBmǜt74 РSefn1Oŕp^ږ`+Kn81F҄05 htQQ͹.Xxd7E&x X߆cІ1"u'7 K5V)u٪;kgsNSGc˨%y+q,K('eډ§tݏ3WRaCX!w*c+;:ոR)[ vH1,[+ږ}u_M,АK(Pj[Ń 7IUɵ[ZnnTX1%VT:'*bTƏ?\YE#)LiFf1wQdx³l)h 4bkXS׆;=[5 o 囃)KJMČT yrz꾳xmP S,o37P}E&b7y ko>.BHh3|εBWY-s旅ys>\i+@2ʓbu)Ȳ @*NyŚ֌ٽAGG{ 0=?a d:ڭEN17~fXDb,\hd0XT`C,zzݙoɽ5aҡ`2ܩroI#[h\  8lh3}yKhw:Am0z % UNk󈗥Y2z|5"<^)Tb 813Iz5k$ҠӀ@1Wh=ԍ_vp5CWZo&s:G_Q6&6'IBmӑcdEV@u>~ wcO @z2|nMWgoخ5kNAiovlC'A'EC{/67b{NGlA8H3:Lv98yγ AyOw|cTkNcƠXD8د)@& %yo3O̓RbRǎb[BLY;1VtW]i,i}XAKƓ\We3u  p\&B&8˱/X@&&ng:TCN{.;|Q1 ynA'ic5S2Șb[Q&xF>>߉}cقE{/`SI|CݮNQO)|7*P Gg m\:)7jy>릸)&7 4ڂ]o\p>ynL$xs<i0kjbJU)Ј)f4V!+ǜ^o;X]V~T]L OS՜3Q1|,S'HPa$ #G-; iDpл`msm΢dk*\ ևe1qHN`1O 2;ԉm-p5vUФXol,4{҅;hә b߉'I,S X2ҘYrVXLua؇)s!9hGI-l<~KChYrpFc&1Hާd th&5" IDAT6FsK%N3)'miΥ-.Wr}kneGax,9 }VƜ++h)Xe6BhXط1/ 7'ՕaCx'=^GIձq3%(k7MZX + tH`;P_78Fʚ-y;ȸNbZ8}f]m+05(ꡖZ,I8{../Pkc)7]yuMi aΨ fUʲ쏮<)}`#K[] p `TH7׾kT=PZ&Y;;*Q1,- a usn`S §kj֓驛Cs\#]hx9/@ߠ{}t/j7g]Ɓ黂!qL7\QԃŒ Vc.{SZĔ6Z޾p嗎QR[r/d90y)˖ t Ռ4N.Zza.%.;CA1N]{q~cJ6FoboQg45K.F1 l*̈́}Ȣ|T\^auX†l O3cygaP%m]|i߽֫g$k//'VXgIG[a N;DO%0bmj0Sl)o#5,Œ[BP,c!w3&BvBqO:[4ֆS!B0Mn_㖝DwQցɏ]`:} #'}ROvdHUnvd+ϼ >.wUO:&MVgPO؁hZJ+Ѐ@G+Y:+Y:bP2d{`vJI`Rs\W8$9]\gN.JxCM煤N9cuXn&|4_fr`!6H(&^ke_;ۣZS$s.selrQwQ+ߨVRڮ=yM}|FIVj Ijcsi8o4Wʌ՚AǽboI]apg2Y*b[H/d-aj혈a7 Tȩ=h`dq'4C6N_gwT,K?HTϿ"vPU/0ne.[4K+zU!bКoA5f9,Is+BGz]K4⤠cJJ0_J̒J,6;^TjYcnеbp~g7qEAwlEʀ '*V!<[mn "_R>vKFd!kLng;m)k,qdv*~O|vK64n{ o-FPэ &NZ38svnԀ%9pF>zX9YY7'2,W^/}ӡoo3>1V`p>XC8䦍$<45uݼ՗^nWbHH7Hnb[XR K[3J S+@J .4w>unR?ur1&Vde| дװ6.4")8nևV!e,8r1EDr0+CaS/`0gam;]Xe`ŞW[҈89ףXy.o.Q/vH`p75VM?Mo*aL:50Dq`7`տWΝp˿ xG>˥K|@uvf ygMN a0值Z[_TI0l.4Si;UXVuYF @M\Pl!H `;yR%M6º nP尞޹w"FimSui)xM#0VsZ'.5\L.bi˦L"G$rY_B5eU 5d& 0x& 7NΥ!wM6@_UT<'>QO n><(r%])3w8~ĝȁ5}/~J{ 8pNs؈OaS ̪dGҰ 7{wE$3\$ ThŸX1\a80ȉ(X4~sϗ#lS"j*޽A؀ E1Ih}q4N˧zG!] 1}><aҲ^onn>o/TF\V~ n9 6PiˍrvG%W7x]S$G=li%tina9jcD`D෾8UVX( v6FfMȬ_;w/bǗͯ,I50I[qԉ[RƄGZ7cb/.0,_8,/G1ђ#G.]KNi%a@F/;|._rmDBiv+AI;vm# :> z pΚ?;k vyyGͲ p9so>90KXo=eOnXV=#A XSlo˿}9SU'sv`a.*]@J,q|PPӊQ3p;0wD"6[!XcaoG87zj}]ϯQ5 T,tjL@[;ԎFŇi`jv׷z4jN&  ר,$T ^M+j״N9T6IFS6Ȉ*kw9E|ӥ~g@!A]qlN}`F,\?`o`3̗eE1?T~: p{Wt,n\S[7/ٖ[F~heQt;[.5D<` XF]EGNíTtbY($tCb!yT*%<7X¯8-{fO#*aylQQPDw= mBc'aO]co4L9hX ا3 `Fy<}tRe->zسWjUU|a,V1j\9q)@Mr~|K٩ˁ Www?^0eA>c'~'\o'ohcs@z;]$~EM$QK sh,E."ܐ䌌o :Lp87d}_ Sxpח'e$& bs'?_ɳ.9?}"A1J\ju8,3 lli3{ڂXg5YbjzP)L:qb&y`m֮&"ImpFRZeq*Vn>zHB[004-9/ U{_D+x냅M<%%%Nvt!Bډ pVoiLCnm}fg,Q?\.,wG`6݉KI֨[|_oZ4P1#pB8SN4@I<H>qʓ_;>4/ZKpKe` dVM+O/@_1${+L/Uz˲V>t$+V Hح mLi#c[21b4c6(؅`Sy+*(~tgت&Nnm~skʌT G~?=+a06}OhؓG >j 8-C!Zx TMZ)Mv-}ӣXŋK~]wj0CnL[bvo6u\n+}YbqbtFٍjF%L,!" P8)hTkPu)RϙOniԻ¹=+*^ʣ\SÊVtSYooX7ʒPٕΪީm:*z/ Pj.zY v̻s[۠EN9@N]׃?յsoqNYzagd.i1 ߴB列N"l3✪GpX2G)`'{=e)iivC~BATGhㅗp*DmN{p]da&}VmE]b*K utfX]ڪMBuEM .)K,tP3X)հ tp5A˶0rGG:*a`-,P2",E;LbM5J⡭bgh{g٬~ͅS:ʴ1I` 3[ kY&E$*-lkzŵ+K8V-4 LR{l{4VgnKwha*}ZkbGgQ' Fkۛ:[qdt-0ZE,⎩reQUl?k1(KEdT`_,mdlWUap'Ũ0q ][( K;B[ $q;Tc1}kCm]8QѤ&?~?ze}mS+y{u2Pv'__W㲦;%F$X5;QrWR,VLN˦x)cS[]rx@ƅե ǻf(#܂%ކMYHg?%Hz__㯙QCk*Oiޤi?Ӌ]f;5[zۅYΫ*1 | mE1Ipi73 =&@a!f-~M~d.w(~&'!mw\o:~u}W08Fj&q[F0[`qɘD&ٱ#E!1MIɉS\XLtYVY-o<3;pAmXa^jub_}іMKi\>즹<_ Q,bj-F`"^o#\]EFU4'C4R tx7"+Uv1st5_AAڹN vnk FЏW <<ᠪ(MEjiJ}b)~GW;o}^9n,/tZd,-YCEJ3Cn X4\o}dA57.+3=~uXfU1>1fXm,xMc,OH=JmlٰFOSud (Ei8r@ Tm\0XS^>7_ᄫZ)bDü[}ZEUc~ Z/-TO>, iPϾ.\@V}eje FB`EƲ Ǧ۟{hV%W䅷7ѮJ,(,9 4a4^:ƻڕ1e\}Q8bbam6*j`(mF9ŵ0AiSN;":Free x 7%R~F kh'4wގ}O@7ug8Z6,fm@OV`ϓw/1F#c-';Oi'Sy[Ͼ51fFwsB:[\_|`6V7KAtܹ+B#Q^&r~@df.)+f26ߥK%p?,jYIǚetRkE3bHFqW#찓7t \JIcM cf!Vj IDATaI(zs) ߴ?MJY;6Y5Z v7Rō>+N:ºp2R~"a|D7v4C{d/Vg:6@l%B9gdUUHHu 8$j Æ T* zd=g|أ.k1;;qc<`B`ĕ5GQ҉DTVΧzԪn-|ySZ3kNo$pƶDZ_wׯq|WFmVD]5-81 F[F>4mQ͔7.bj F2䱥җ))Ӌ[N}CiTSZ KroZ(U^Sr'YXmb LeԨicK,qV QZXbr~swkfW.Ln˕n:nlm.TVljRssۓa\$ez 1OҸhkx-Wq,S%*tHE J `|U~ezR5etp,Ӥ>*v<砪 8KxCHbᨱ,]hU;]>yXn4hKʐQ;EciBNN Ib6zu\!Q6$4V|b[v)FNmlYj}AM@^`,v|4ϩ ^I?/wwGѝ?~͛T i_>abz嘸0| ]ow/U&zbX 1P& ~S-DP )flp0b+Ei>i(X_T tQRT0F'Dw)-Ϡ6>ztyTe@mli CQBNDʼn>MN̖R3?YfkRbaVucKspME 795P-R\ go)08rV$2 &1& Cɓ'~3gگmmm-q2YG@K >[,<[Dp̉Ǻ`cKO% ,EEVjǟ>ě,[5p@/h*zq1- GvX~3[u9G[b.?uRQhFwiv66Geh8 ]UU],F>1([LU3G;%2,k0\|~^:5-WB_ ]>=0X@/;KVtbk+)b.;}tzүxs&Z,5aeQXWt7 sQ.S LM0{5|ihōF|*X].'81J :}hexj zy꾲U]칪䃝lTFIŦI?@j*PuUfW{PgeM{5ܹ___/| iV[/uǍhSRjceSVPڲѡa-REOn7I&!Z lCVuJX$$8Sq>_%-6r>aG^ZHt5+[︗ *wZoE6bƚZ0z%(Be(!kHR7?yr^r Y֮5`ƪW>4XiV==odJvβ,AO> '6><>0-ʒ9 sȲ{kIĀjN X루E]o-Zmľﺁ] 5R1#ś"XLWz.n4J-"Zޓc2ؤ=z'4GVk=Ժzf݅aTUՊzǗ"rwev_ t8Jfop,ΧNm>s(Qg];[LԖµ%8)9#9a\iM鳻L"&i:ujccc}}{{z{ ;B.}b(F}1תwq-AGi^])@YOt5!boUn V Ѥ)) ԝv8<$:5!v.1N.<,[?7>QrvqT'u&'̷V+nG2^^#viHʪPbFN;q. lg϶'KJ F;q!/Wıg0hІRa!_M dBdhܼIU~ñ僕 =G{?$tqG sP#l5U)+~OtҜCd1VиشɱFK8YE8b\9ޖ,e։Q?}?sk{d3z)/*"xO|Ӈf7wRw2W5+ 4 A*#U5֚G~cyLn)G P]//])|$T|z⫐_þUsUuSdmcpD0m/Jc>TߤTe:N ƛ[8`$DqA`UDGjeF̦WD$x=ͷ/}g?|lĺ`zǣz3Dbtk5Fם8V_躄},'* G^>\l\cV-n?U.r kZ_XpAΝ?|_`|1 C|d^ '\=pA2!0wk<K< FPѡ&{7>:-:XzD..s3)Ntagdؘ7,3Is o$5tg?量N3d̹aXE t*eð%0ґmH@m$|5U~ly7oиLW 3OiOU]nSסeJr86 1`P:޳?*O<p~_gxGy$4;^]w"XF?2K}pÍ"gw.v TQ!xXڹFNaMp{\+}`iwƲ$K4qs|D`iX Ojv"POya+/?~qJ̅Ϝni͍۫`B* 8e*;ݍzwo&<3 ɡV.\cNwB8p.-"v7aц|du9ψWsi PD&b @Hi6q7.v,aBT-ekYE#aЖMQHbX{+n .@ f ae1QoYM__;G*7NʦjqR#oTSAV p/ S''yPջ=$Ÿ2^-yU/xoͭn./X-cC {== ``'l?;vL3v fYڗnR{mwsj)[U**ZUYY_~uŕZ֤.eK܄s3y\+("̌$A XH1(uD 7t高=O;'Xh}9бhz3Fdžр\<,yt] nK٘'i2Z* 9U2ALs9sec>0q޸?b.I^{1}y[nIK< ݚ^QSuLZXa]wmL}HpЍ`|wby7K_$?i1?l<7#G\s5]h #b@p4O0D%&.Bױj/z53ϏCOR;6jqPJqMW> DQTuMP$KQOI!5`nWFuQʖڵ\t[cWT_bX VJ$Ak$Ī}Sj?w(\? o=jVg k\ =Z VZ*wm6ӎ e{Q|;?OFxVp(f㋜+c>UOkU%FA%.u\Ź΁/@xb/.bfqpH-Ҡ, 0sAψ6iVa7IN lvC  uC^Xz1ʾq/+tVkG"K0 Տ.Ep1tLǎ^5󚀎5T9m^t0x!}>)+yNuS'.o/}u)j7<җҤ4t%ov+c"8mPur(r<6"΃HpckdMWݒ`fz/XY?YWW)2Vʋw!0I%KaG֖`YٳfbH-:{}M`u&[{yQdi# XPfV*%)n7wju,Nq[yz ?u3V25.k8N6 eC |QKc`y߱8^8ͲT>ÇV?GV 6{+;KX.3nlˆ'b(p=cæ'б[{;-phb\2^~~> j7ڷo',--^Z즛nW߸7nrM>DC*f(mj|?B*AfI IDAT"0nGXqȭ ov}л,c$XDJ!T kLl*XGeYi.O%雭w.ob7{љm3G͇O*Vt/g8>t ֐v8Bc1 Ҥ6ݤ϶di9 n\R*Ae`ȏ|W>C{&}_n3;xGl}{n.G2M1G \c>8SE"jGƥ \vD'r ǒA$3!mvb:,BZHF3GP*Vp!"+Ah}3wɅyIV lVbA2R0c#CGhRh|7qS-5)fk+vu\ M%z[9%iJpSk5bju?Ê~K{FYT`'v jULz_6^-kbU m6o?TN/0sՔeY)MʭaϼkQ8:@ߊXrE&˧ULC XU)#pag\ 砼r_d {~|fӛ A>}A8'Wm&Axt\ JcCsx裵_*ӸqfI {L#K48 4`NO8D|>c{d֢\'^ѩv{_cɕ6 h"=tO_ت}WaPРӧOj5g%$Wif땪\,xl^?v iHNE.@7/䵙sYSG062r8GvuJ%k.`fOjiGjuFsC?\sRxk"Ou[Ah#Fa*N4/?XD מw=d"z(c)]Y10pzڕ``O;J E5Pӎ<؉#N=Qn4R2,0,(0Tʮm__-uhL "7_G;!IB1ϩ,v:bX>حs9q0.qV.}n=Cؚb%ItoGJ5տ“7'd|1.Q ~GP/nŭCRjgoG}>*?vmQ׷dX5n$Y6toɓS[) B2rVUUC\%ѫQZp8.D]g? Axkaq:=FTԹ؈2'yyƠe|n>pQvQzmEiTa;>~׉FQ.؀W6&6!R#5b@آi'|͓HFLʯ;wT{}c[[Bo?GaP G֚gꪕG]/L;>xޘTA( ["IM)Mg Do8xA(atW-l $X2FZQAt7~:LIrˏ%XVqfzsvYL#Nš t-㾍ަ?L{رǏ* eͯ66/ DJl&qpm"yV4PX24ڥ|(@ӥq8.eLcEKYR| 溣R&lYʒb Ӯ9WcFC.]o~GGдwyUW]OxX e@ieDkRz]S kuAv)9~ddSl_ЬϪt-!Dž!߾djUD}e#xLTQr_+l YOE媋*ZchԴ8Q ^fݎ~;ַ~w~;񎥥%r;|%(!BN/2`}uw RpUr4ӵ>£2AΕ]:@xTnt_8  @PVj6np[O:̕H[-tXi( |s5ϯ c=v뭷/O>I]: ݶ̑UqedBЙqbW ["A]j[V*ս tQ~|xx(ˏ<ϻN?͗W̡,WVe:-ML+ȥseo5LkeҸQC2KUY{p̍Mr9p7a{V2?Pw\{(6$X_$GDTmeb \-D>+ָF?vw=<G?O~=f%5N YV,/3*FfGccxhf1EYeJ0rڠu*.GM/]NѸzN+tdlR%&Tt3++%D e%8}!u9p7%6p,;#xF>emRl/%J0n x^f.Lr< J$rEh_" ><7h^ Hr`ZUcF,F0ڢ}bY֪J/e!X]Vl$I1ܨwzX%}$W}Yٳg?O o׿\ mv6agca\ljyvYnGlS;XVsejXgZ1N8UtY8wZu2r1ŪR%4/>җqGfS,*Qp;:L޻vdv]wuz}~~ѣGEہ spƥ^ԋҊ2MDA/s|k,ـs3%%* #`Qc5/ARw}$2=#3h' 幜U648*TJ20%G'|7:};]zYx[黽3\%{c*l l}Lu#6؃z6oDVfAmũup)֨< DҎĩف;hV v-SX2C@.fP4!Qk.ZpW9}];AQ/0h6:hpu:4:˿<4$,e_42TJkCa_X=,_QkȠUxsOټ[=Wus<3F"BoV4rHVH r8}O.L/n$F54*mUwDB}|6İo*`ZF_ʵ `$, &;WoK%m]zآt,@;W0qҼ۸8qg~gn/ y}v8`}nCЪU}dqnpq6[22CcI8'jgWmܸU a$9J8?[A?Ԣvv[ Ra+ Өn;m'|P^sz {|+k/Xێzy2LQ)U^C~lREC|1(~<`v)lU-LÞ> A: g*rM7wrq- G} | jcG\:l!;%wNɈTZ[-֘k2ApTL\9*ڎ(DQT2a#6QZq+p47Zc}'] Ce 02Llvtu2]˦v5y_U#q0eC].%?O+++?;E\l*P[4+62`촮 Mud4@[\]2mdL8T6.֊YͿbzn܆}!g8aTg7~Ӫ'o=PKBJ o(_U4@!CQinn'~'@dfwF$0 Vݞ.4GB-ұi룿s ;0 "TSӚF`y!8/mjQe̙"XJHf3O.D]t1QfD EqF$|Y-..y{n+@Up7q!~*iSdE)hHՈ;GkevErڮ$]b **%!NƲBį\Ѣ=&2 G֥\E_āؒR@X6wC?cd[e??y}{GyHwܚX*5Mj;v`+VSp0cs(IlxQjLc妻{O˿{v $d|MaPo\^WaF2Ja]^4@/}S __>rȧ>??x׏Ȏ)!Eo Cc0_zWBJaG%*-eK)?mk5˻84V˴"jbY q&;#gNqzyVDZuN̈e7V&Xi"F -]&⊇ A, }#HqT*Jbk%{F#MSOggÁKޡ+L1/`<+1~.nmb{1/Am^rn%40^^{\y*K 6 X0mb&CRΞ/MD h leDMUQ?TTg8:#-z@猛h,Kd+O tԾ[};<e IhU:4f: \dD ,D,T2psbk{팂)PCuҷ2WYLIG}l8F+Oo_Ҩ-|㡎ʆ38%DWY]]sj [M$̎9!™of?ym,!V5UUȊcd[+=Og0jiXEjo):BfHz5dˤm<~} ,G? Q=Mo~b l训v0N54eLb-|%G2%-+Ci:N+!r b[ԃo@v#/-d0m9ޏ_3i(u?%:ݽC3گ)6fuy k8 Ê'2(|SW\ ApH\P)^(J:&Mֆ 8*u74JfҧY) tl9bڭJxfxys?f9sf4_k |U f /DP b9L8Ev0lg٣|;JJZ+zE±N2ɻ̘>^D;}WB8X AƜr2]$j㳳333 Z~g>bl믽Zƅj6e>"`B"HV}.U7`d4n5klI#C28ZM9calJmRRXOj$eA3M53[6`+!Ø7'ܝɮamQʣbn-W_zD#~aM}i[,O IDATZ؜Ծ}CwL[ Zy:W07[jX'˥9|ꫯ&n.޾}Jbn\\=9_D$.*(jTc fu:DD)èb8cuݲn*PRpvy?2y$$HahEJeY'{@ m7o|}|x/fcaI]|ǍOt(Yz[>kK7&w,+Bp;$zYL$ٺHt~ u,=s]wyY'Ȱ@袒xh>Y83gb!^_\m`Al,#17 +A~S62Vi$IUD*. ީ2R٪xQra}S[sIߢ!kE}:8 y6EsͷvyNO- ؼ54f";}Ա-ilŭu8EQ]v+)NpgV8c@in nE9=~/7Klj 2gQ}nsT =굲v x(@0dC@pR_v*QӜVs*:MbH0W:kHEJ'9]>βvZ T^ވ7Ǟ}1>oۧk)dꆔ9D3.QZOtݿ _z4*UMAva Z0[6h=B2◖Y۱e7 ӓegVa;vYyUJ f Kv 8zKe3olRVfy5Vzf\YoػӮwSz |TWVu*ʒUydX(X,{n-10_p|9Kٮvp≈ހX}כn\'\;NE9󢱕vqQ,q1.z^t IAx9(mr .zynB21,5E&J0`GkI"4TfjD P8{]]%ͧ4MUjŅ]UsHFkϬO;E%&'*5vm{qz؋Q J gyVM;u:h?*1&28*..%F3Ы.B@fp|PԺ1W-RS9L̺Z 12- B٠pFNG:cTǮf1ȡ!ip!ٹsDIC1DpMblOcC LQE?[^DI.Lc `O+2fY> F&_;:ۧl5Uof6sm\I([pc.*']ʱ{g0qK#C2ex, -Lf8AALs66aM^p+ (\1*)6b5<6 01<bХ`zccEd_9>scs-Q*|rcAMW3 !5S*i罧NkZh+/NJ=ԩd_ BP1&B[ew^7m7G[42[p*0QOGBm7r,!9UoZה>>(.M>T4 j0i2{VnމEԸm8 3}I"vաҤȹ5#;9@%%e$MFn K_QAPEGOJWsQc}ϰdwqdb ذ :*,-m4…1G#a0kqE2gG}Y,0TLŁU 3a5SxWzQk KS83Xi[+;>`_Kːq(ŢM_1}ݡSAjKpց>WRۋƺ ^vǎƊ1}K[3O>M;AV9iH2,DD7P͒aAim#UIJZ~di6ꂒR֡ZC`WsuKw).AƝ 2XυB? q|8?vsC!PC{O=VݪGf]{V+|60o"ݻ/,JK:EU8B' Q0f DP[8MB&Km!jw1ڪ7ֈ;-Wχ Amŕg=BTY‹D;.;(:뇗zMm_85ֈ1tu1X~:\9 "aKx;l 0.^J;^!\Q ֻ1V3F4XЀY!vî |1T`q0sfvg&n!1X-敕q-.n R`+7O*`,3eY62E#ݩ\K16m8RX%4J0- !Y vG$ܐp8f/+MHAYJUP&s%`1{DNLl`i.$.1^)NZ?dlN 9XcE8Os2f~ǑTAKEҲ^?f0|.t%v &XaT д1CUy&p %#wilN8/aÙ=+p85}mp݇A1)89ά 5#2ME/WZs&F4m0r>ŠJg:WUQ(v)ׇ-` "^nXLFiliEeRI 'E#N]%TI"~RfW,㱴 gQ4q(#. jph *9S_1[^N,tQ:]uuSZkĬ$yj2nY65eJl4û/|;NcQ*A$UHF.Qz5UYFΝXϮexxB ]6_*dOk8kZP#b8ҘW{_/ƏݬՐɨ\_{0v8<]}E"|U)gƄ]&/.М W/[#aϱm{8E x{NITɠ ©$E=Q!JrӰ,*V8e:}m5ٍZq="I AW6+@ nkcYQ #^kϟ' ӑ""IvqʊS+C#gJV v83yQ0g.~py _AZOOOC`Kj}gB`rJBwq}jU}_?{jFYePY3GKZvwzyv"Qi ^Í^U5ri㗲kc7Ԅ`rTt2%i5NynI[MͱeyW=_Z֮('婃Hb0@ s-W7y-dRܽM)j\K"!g(HwW(PFbI`7}3B'AL A XDK5'&0fɁH#7'vJ1wŐ?7 !\f cY(3PZE48 8^ҤQbD2o=^z5q%q-sě8P)7~s},tyr٭ðɖtExy,//)&pݒũQ&$= K|zϐQd?dȣSEviqf[0chd T*ZAZn0ck9g3ФFjxy*X(SUe>xt>|Ɠ;rRkInaE-6j{Qt!&(3Ko_G>_???o~СC/2ˍDJp'tM~Y(.gHp.$(JlӶ~1Yx,}C).H*OWIGA:& HSbQAšnFc#Tҝ$D̍#{zAa2ObJr(fE!E<@[J|j{^we#t {LÑЁu,`H86;n^i? wpQxSypZpv܈T6¿AlGa[IV`V1(WX^.UPFߏ8^ZK8v<JQвqsDY8դA% Ҿ?Dr~aHJ$/L8>lgE)Wo vq['jO' ]ˤ UK4)$BU&/g):̙3No}+n N,xߌ+dȥuǸ9@sfEDRܙ/Ӊ&EԁZb+ ʵzDOI>ZM(ڌC!- au3e^uc@cPK97.loc3%[6,,Dp0^֤&}K wۋ?~mJR{93\wsx,HH(E?A28q_Ȳ J+@}Ё MWqc]R.+Z p,鳟,w]v^YY)S^42JWMksvQɹ֫>]f6ͅEtG߻%S4 }` J$^[XB^i\kUH<ʙӋy Uk‘bnH'8i?rנe c!xJEB(]qE]'ʲ4ob|vYMma#l1-WJU YXvBIEP'NϞ= 'oo}j~ pJ0~;/s} BJ6EJվivC҅@'mJF+J(&AycgiA.x6sC[nVx], dKe ݩj3__e9hn,3T3I\{#EڕaOnաTX >ח1vl7A{l:VaUf??*Etn9_f-HY c6s +ѣ? 0zf֚AF106 IDATG'͕OX^= O]Pעjq]XW &)55k eHxhΊ.hR䑥_Qmx浙Npݛn;@2o10d27EZspeY F[|Ft%SOozӛM?Ot+6. )* VrR("$z^qlj穿۴  _OD~+H%)-CZja=[N,"#ZeB Qq_7(e0jMkKy%#OSMEŌ,+pYi2)RDJۈ^Li.iJxd`*L)8ܵɢ7%84]PwDgoJ'Ng{dqvOy.20S9$BDDgɖeTe[]%_O,UE%*PiAD  iwI=}m.s'9a~@3ɭ{3fxgl";=u8x݅0SgVn)Hu ]Jd,+Pv4 韖 k 䰈 |Q."*BVWwNZxn- -8 KϾ=;)rREI)uZҦfMkHbhY>,>ϧ0!eLhZ\t2cC.k HPbʵ 4Ɖ̮L՛mƄ4c0x &6Uh_ZzJ/{V9,q-=XfOz{ZzB`* 5oq୬CD/<>̅,%RaLkB992ØFEĭ"bQGT?܈EgƲxPu,>5M7kQpuҬu۶tNg-'m6~P;a^^IJxI$᪈"*#6c&es%1%ma#bHg!% D`.7weO.lgL' ^0~ؼX_e`XK zp ŵ@xqG_Xd^ylC)ْj=lRa="{L%Hh(6ǟjCQP: $_wk}kPZs{M.il+ma737'JT4/Ӥp4r/V_3DБrª!EFYpl S((UlS C`ס#T*X"ARh7L` sI.mL<ZBռ2ǓTщ)$ĝão0S8,:v>fj]{v[sm}FW0܊+[&Bʅ#M4Cj!"D")ݕ+Т@cUNe1[rRۿ3/LI+^z:"+eHW#)U&C:a(F$cugEhcr]@'üt(a!0OJeABen3Z=`)]$Vx ;qr)BϥCl\D+N{ɢwam=gȳ#W Dse8 O#-Ar5R2y'(swZZKE^v 'HZfQT&0䳺s΀ ̞]=@gG@vˆBlafT;J59^H؉25C&i;G;Bbߓr̾ 1~RTt `Z8=Wt/9<39|ʂtr, Z &`He0 Fjl8 |rD,cO[ZPӲ!WAf.QbDDNUat,'4bsO* 7S坠B9 SxAeywOA wWKA'"GPNoœIVϛ4ǖc1!nyXLEAj폶l{|M>3usg:tͩ':z^G&U@e|#z"QUL_XF1t'ҝH&T|LM9^] bLZ8FrqKⱌe%d(q4~BK hܣw!R!( )L.9Ŋ"7uLZ6kfzݥ{3j;B5VwQr,,iSժ?vvn۵Ś?5pҼSg^tmlNg4cf.݊3sƲL0yAB=Sk WD"ҌbBN`!Kۯқ7IOkFx&'n} .R4E̋FNvABdam0lG{kO6`jzJRҀA흨vN[ߨN"$59iH8 Kek3տg_k͋z۔(SV5žy*h . +Zdsۏ ;*ㅀ?n{U<YOϖxJ-Uz٫{{M:`ݶƱ7uD:1}Z;g,I<ūp8$^'J 2_Vh\m42L;U@YTItc338meV, %1F?`Y!!;}Bgmb_6T/:f6iay=N-,5u㞧חl* {kͽ-7.BS1| 4 i8pvqkٚ 5RPW6YS&M3`cgf6L- dr K]tЗx5ZL@ډY`R5deap+' A4leφ"3ͽ}Q{lXV\Vq խ4wtasc^ r5 *SłOdk\ 3ta-E&i'R,*SP 8IϟnZNkQmJ$>x:}ua?l_3ΚU(LU}L[{V˽J6+23czn[O;fg팭~fgO~1Sÿv4J PJ)U*vý0aա9  =A J>t^N*#ʴL:0@[n^,56xm%]N=XiiiE9Dt\Vz4GȕgB}xÞaxU[z_ز}Qu)m39c+`Jbo.zhX/[~SV hmtQIa6kA/1x#i4'yDDh`H>GʯwX6[֞~7st8un\ ډݫԬ Fl,J̼MhԔ$lLdq\6W/Nk6l9e?RW3+UbQ] P1X8Em&=;YyikfpLݢx(0$S7؍xhq˧4U4(3JUaw p#fvf wMP晔1K1FRz 4o}^Uzm. l:3YKw=[RS ^*m ܔ%?WasZ.CQ# t&cCPnI7R,8h y6آ~2xtF*fW}hǽz(Ʉ1b&bX SǤ*Frq’u FGtW'xT0`qdűFuhHb$҈GkK ahF bY.W4K\x [mxmwEQ/@uDzlu| [ ,`+t_mL(Qa8 e)vw%&iq# xۏÁaF7=ofW[ޢ$;t$YرQ4 繌z{tg^Kpz_qr9;Pcb׮ǚ-K8Ql`.fށ{Rl:[ƙcq!f+mMsb2nKD?;)0-KFԄeo-lT_0iIYEQd1UQ4:U<p>ND0 TɮqwxȒ1,v{);2TɧRo'Mu0bޑ({q,jw;#5QNƦmRĺӶ%o: $N2jDnEʔPL믉{<+-+VڌD)spR',4(ljk%L WXf)Sb#쉸WJW]Z!VHu! ;KfUKۂ w9 2L<^"ӶTΏݝA*.U q`i LTCE dfI®a;ηfC[20)Z6)HBuO_!708-55ͣnۦnT2d|0=a+k 4jXibi 4uX(`xOw8:P`Lm獘,36VH8iWx00lAY61{}DC~;2VZDԧ2[H%I#$,W( &4 gzkOo|KQ;dN%kR5&% ?@=Z:,# m憡[7 imYL7xBb& v,1Aȍ4LTnS^˦ۚNZs,k@J_()-UAZ"Lo2i}aOO`u"hvG61$@-:kQjY鑩ۅaC*\(Dtd2˜J]،3B(@ uM9[8c"+-$^I `J(R6{Eps[v dk:u2nA)i?VN2NXKL'̭5eҊzk*h6nxotzKh!IO AZT~RdQ{\[ZiX`>^@N O#k, E-P3MT-ZNGkS0l 踌НsY1aF,,t+hs-}&/U*Lu?٦R FLljo$%XO|K6t(>d|1X"| wG*5\dªj$15cDi4NJʠb#*y,#B 'qqB֍iW']}BPt2mg6RlZ3ZOoaȊ9َܠ -П#PB*쩫h|Q= 4tt[! KgeլO,R(RҍJL,L k>cJ]\D/w @"8H]y&@e*33:zhpAyQBuSن&}3MK>ZeNh[as5_em3nJiN'oBb)+ I*䔋CA͘u]kٹ˶|۞JըWE躾փ~YXY+EyOOۨPP  c3f_1T8PTg<-儁G>uY?7y&т-P?re~$EncUFL a*b$P-ӧ7.mƵtk]^5zNi7S)=`i K%PCQm?Y%t²Ӵk+/o Xe=U9sV[Ϩ^u?l#pٰ^NAӶr&)RvRMB0 ncD$"\8FwX˖FYXB)El$Oț6fMU,iheCA@ry&F2Ƌb*JhmA<iTDwt?uVٝ|llld#UTG>bFBޒD^-JV-'_t^{$I6Lnjr3bj(ǕZYyDx$0oe7&~d{XW8|\eX.ScAm*0z1,ʺ.:2vLP 82Jӣh B=ka[S3zSǑ lsI>W]ERjdۭUTTSL_iz-kO j/m1\}ʙS[d򶶡op8ce: B(lƹ -آ Ya*;)(Bqkę.r,yMq[mcXŜJ@y|Q IDAT7Z-N*#$^DZcjn=r?zlHq du۩Uj"F&¾J-,vתT wִbޫ܊E0U5@*[~>7}׬zm47͋Cǟ-ϘXbY#˼B=)v KDɒ(6s(+N(RǂiF*ޓxC*VصŘɮRP% cL؈NU[3U30]Crҫ^\ҾJtov9mɤt.n붑2lҘdo%jK\&!jYbʺ칋֭۬I붸vfc}Cc~\Z<>U95؁NV17k3eqP.SYc+~;Q=gSZyaƶ&6фgg8}(I .Xfw=;UuWE/R}mq\G脠iL3c|ZbCm PFABqGҹ*}VrOAPG(v4 lybyR[T@i z|04k*6$ x(h_ vI0ĪqGXYkG%V5$\K!\i&8_Sd,RPN5jAQSy8 l˚aOJ̲xޱvv4vl"B˕&#wB+ M[ٕI}Y ģ2I  dɟKn5 sI֌QDtLMn!}efNP(&e,Zs!N-k5%EG^)c yzCc%MHVAGVy/-O c[Jʔ*6(cշw-?"ɴrHaxVy@޲@T9TJ8op #_D }:Eq+}}s~GV\U*gϞFEUHtݺuwMPl}ѥKb _-3.-|wY//'-X W77wd& +W ?9看>Գk<+V,!`FM{8oˤquŻ >}W\?p(*Yg| k׮r~ٲeRwy?2]0$hnxw]/8S}͵_xq@O>F"$L;Bڻ;00~ pS7ow\T,/ӎ+3ӗ,Xp a}}}`N171C Tpr`3)<>'U8*fI :R ŷXXgՄT*5|ƍc%ay}V*¬3HHW*L)T;'P0//+,կb1V0H#ni@:D1_fΜ/~u<ʊ@- O3z~}h__!c7o. K/IݲeZL PfJNldbqF}&Z ֋o}[O\"+(ZՅ+/ZOF$}lcXΝ;Agu6f$/Y :K$18._p%n~7c)y 7@m__>yHT$pM7J O(n- JQ \rɿۿAbm18: Wos<~6npt,O| YL)u@['Mه WKvO\QQbg>,,15ZF(N~jofL7Z?A { F*h5U wpUcX_0-]vlV\)cʺhPLmۆp_(U h8cI%C4Oc$ +) . 哟z4s-`"& }qz>1c;X;*%v`A]c@eeW)䞂Z%Oyt 038Ͳ,w0d`mH?6)ڒ%KX`bjO&;;;GG}jtG2k+qa͈qs**G {:`\v%|ttcՄe Zz#' #7L,׿F?Wxm(9ɚ=RKVP(xmPo090X()n$4Q2b 2rx3ޜR7oAՂgFW k믿F;z׿u<>C1$u:я~`gBf=yϦMu@>ɷo[2- >s>uc>!?\|Ř|;`[>D}՚߉l"Bǘeb=\ç?ip&.Rc1!E&sRt~3(k X!1G|Sn@?.oXP֯_F,$bāCQTY@PTxE0bA38C-jM8v׏ω7[Z'?ѰѱT}vTD"fAqm]p;ei'x o 9%6JLLk" <(Dv?(`U֚vJ!9)%s<(@s0jfu<[TPnۊgǚC&n<3g|&{ŲpT '! o&93oXv.:Q v\q+3%0 xe#en: }6n$5#DPmgBՃR`cEj)MduQ{y8'cEIJsq##![}%T ^}5e}ejo!TP5Vk)OUF`SV: TSʤ& n:--rwz`f00׿o.]iӦkڱc5W_}oo-[:ю6vԤz2a,;,,5TK$-C$R1֘jUL.2isyfCJ}0!N._|Μ9+W,6lT?8ꫯ^p7xlW]u/oشis!3O9ek<%{Kx h sUW]Owwwc :ޮ6Vդvm&IbaescoܣōRYz >8$=;o|_o=C`ݻwE?¬d2Њ CIZ$[`پ}R4{lj /z?m6خPq^)ÊEUv;rmlUW6A6˵/~MZ:Cۏ7- Rc13j)n^}? i`>\0|H)S\tEГ uo6^۳gW[z#H.zQi!U !3| 1qg? SN.DzRB0ƖMHq܀( I͡aRGc?\_֞u>00dZ64k+u֡hBV9&[&.XZͳR%0;Y[FVM[#WS a=ք1,tn:~d*\d)Ƴcvg.ͤB>ʮ2jlRge9,tB֬UH( pk:BNf]ul'q ')_7DSn5ԃ(v<WULkT>Y3\V!Q R^'Y `£vRl(ځ1Mw d_FoK,d}'&nj_I{´k)Dk6U`)&YNlx(eMdH(TM6uVaK%PpvU3LXvVtÀ]["dt"; a[M ԇ$x ɄL㹍u_1BObPVq".DcŮkgTBӏGc:IJ%4N8x>ozTtaf c[VPeM2:(bŐb'tUXÉ8RȠ(9 R-9 *,kB[)QwQ( ㎪RQyzW1$.UDL^7Po%H1 ݛ5v1!J@-ncyd TF8yv8d0Ydn9C|t+BRT̓5c, E>,;cJ5mE3& we K!͛7[|{[oUR=-nG Iv:}ñ Khc_֏zeV%H+:U2:)jc8iV|%Ua o뮻:;;o}{\sͪU.]z~4_?(]V={{nxu+V<؊G9];EZJ9ǟXxђ'z3ξ hp[g /R ?R`]G?31۷C~c??Xb>̚5k̛m6 =~˿gJOC}_sWatt$'TU0U+V?={6n܈dʔ)ɍ7ވ1sLg٨YtmlZh5' 5nB)f՘ V5Z̎f>vG]0}f\EzZ:0&ΊE/+d(Q{1ryVz`h]~k B2 -KjnuN]^?kG0ĺu=﻾Оu//?z}7n* VBC; UƧR/k^i:̽ W/]r]{!@ܱ{hqµ랿+y&EW\|Ӯ]{`x!gΜ}GnU]_O JPsə7Xl2yڌ3;L: xΜ9 J{>WŬY Fxnc-QjG8PubfN@W|+E=VC?Os #G/mfuȆb Js2`Rx%⋕J b]-T2Y">~A`0kZ{ MX(ä ZG?'1HrS\%s?yj)oj'?{rc$3$?ŷP_!iUjv_bu믿#QO<^x&Lq 馛>OuYe2 ljc16m5U*لy5%geY$|6WVݞYa/. } E{aљ_t<`鬙]yIS}̝z]xEwzW.޵kB5U2/>5B{OwyPMA+V@W]u:IN`daΙyf\ _.Xpٌ3 г*;]NP`8Ng_|%h(8Xd V[}W\zj08pΝ0}~ٽ AAܞ}8~衇ЫN jSO1뮻Wxv,Iap;C=3ЍYބhcݑB٨ d^ IoaR~#F^0Rϖڸ9,f&% >00f)\P 6{@0em'St}@?EgA܊p%5*kjf&MVEm6)WʞuvtzK$I' *[OAE s喌['>3gQgIdHk\(Te#S)G | ;?j&DqގcLӒ'2 HH JhgiK:Y(B(T,?u\J^W*[8 MBlTPF#(6Kb)K\L6BAIphjJIR%ۤQc+}ZQPsB`rl͚͛7yrW(3kTϘIj;bډmݑV;L?8$8֞hIUC.6ZIENDB`=Dd  S A(Ìstreamer?fid=563289D#http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.net/portal/streamer?fid=563289b<.X ě<*4n{<.X ěPNG  IHDRV,PLTExxxghg444GGGXWXѫۚ'''❡ŵ⡢ݭÿ篭盛Ǹ䦪䵹Х걷ëߣҘƝئï qlm{{{.0.ד۰211ۧw󑏌faa`__RSSae[#""ԡ/31sssJKKNNO<<<+++ {|lllpppx~{prj~CCC H?D@@@~~}cdc1-0[\\ܑlXtbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712Hs9IDATx^} `EvIH\;EC1R7 *_d] xY߿ "ˢ(^y$Ww{f:a&dT}ԩ:]sN`MGW?7nzaG&kGM-?rSKob~қ~k(<3m/◠5?ExhLNΙWכLy`H95jKO,QuGU ~2]/@eyj*m ՚)|f$.ШLg^g^_`J 㡈QNPHzAR/Zk x+qInɥ61=߼Vu5kcgh]k41W+|pKUj5b&U)5_$|4V1_5 +4nN]8QӉ*x"#Eq-(8mA B)%fW mDg ҽ鷆O{W7EPP[i>URD,x3DkBt| tL5h@?MʈߘE# `ڠb=a&wΔz ӂpp.m<5} 1Kt@BKCR}my (rafzLm%U,yRњGE#W7$$^_Ȇ/)_HU}*TLw@a)]P0=c{VԻ$ђ.>uKHB^Thh]VicznntfMݺw?Xaٍpy;n7`k@4k!S2RٟmqDn~јƌP.c6N6֫ЏpE$Oc6~ By3/| aƏ6\@SK'QnXkYNt uϔuQDqIUZB (4xKGΙL(*Zwh=3Q#%W(4:V%/UzËay޶[ζoJsAh6Av֓ǏǎrA~#A$KIluF ?6{eKrd} mХ=]4j.]/­(t\#&J2jHBHPQw8I{֖a76^l9-qd޶lN-hCxrM[n0 qԶ&/d"6y. &5G1Ь0^bxq Vt閭t-7uArM]wM[ D:&D^$n4RrƓn0?f'{FMgGs.v˶i/.6v݆[m3z}/`@DEo\@G35Ae |Lfb0yHDYª4?4b9@yd,I*St{kj?>㯐Z!Sd kO1Jz? q烇Frf|s^-l y6D4DIӏ+֙˛Gir-$5zQl|g|tDH?eҝ&.]6ZwFǂd OI}'ʭxJ k*az3uY(zz5*HaH>q\[ELeMQrhh6rmST:I 2FJZ3Z;n㘮*ϵ8Zo#E\~lx`z )I ӿ';R{tK` ׵{Yƾm!m`fi"òk߱B&TJ^~h*Aŷw+q49=/Φt*}r_jF )a:^9'wj}8xMjКfԽC( !Ⓓ2蓼:l_W1#Rr\:9XALI.=< ^ړfb12%2VuMT^4`?O|w ^ Ĵ,Woj|S#;Û> FRJ8!unJ (=H'/i7QnbEHl qDpuR^%˧t(4ą}D(f!JrKh3CjO7WO؟7}+ޒQKg[ CT=!W0Zzz˘pF5!!F 6b2&WezA`V Vk.Ezԅ%W48&od,Oo:_1ƾ-=lpY6*Yֳ_|l̴{/O~C}{Sxp{;ӡ7n;\OЋloD_=K_|dž=[S;|ާ7 "Hһzӣ{P{WaspCbȱ}4:niܝmD ͳ؞i裡MES;MT@:7Z-Nftx:7.G/X9>?fivs&gϙ3yiٓɘ1{c'g,Ȟ+&\ h]xcWΕ}3&gcWqtv"SB֮#sPyc=0ˤ]mm0-w/&z~E!\)2xs7%\`Ss73l^1T+ZbXtX4.1SPȧ1fkn p.یB `zuga$c0Jh L\ꧬmB%ڂʺM-r[L/Rs䷸y*ky Hl 2;L2oK(ָиL_ {uB +3aaqiE/° lf̽0 a3Ž7SyuO* W)j N+"G]LzEt%v^W HʚϻLud]˼7=ɴuTm ㄊFkW;D_Ju/ G4¡Nk{S[Kƛf) n\ԇ[YaZ|EՊ?bj<(43HD,֙s|@ZjVB0A+_}aFj<^L1L{Z0 l_臨Sxb7ӻcVb'|Qp8Q]-ZtF< uԇ()n ƛ \~7eMJ_D ƢBe:jm?) Gſֈ.YTb& OLrygoErjW@ݣ}fs9Ed/HMt["X]Fe:hUCV [c%S֧EFW\i#2ݲt ;(0қb{Z  V.3j:-C2ZMexQN椆 wb:ƿ`Lo+H+ ~7+oh{c@{g!Oޝ Kql:ڌBhtn@t/f0Cevswf0b[XޕL ULA+l*oNίǢB !PkH"Y~-;>L>VL/f hL7в{Sr˝{3LɞDO#_#U"+|oӤBn΂e1e|HgJ%w}j\G gku@{'}m^MB*+=GvU*@QCl ;@'" Cp ]hZ]I]aزInX0YwƢ^EK Tbϵ=аEu_=@^8W [ro]ȂVG-Pg[qk9Ү8ӭӽ&ѭٶJldi{H[M-=&x*kCZ|6Xzx (- mI}Ofd^я?=OшPENPJcDr\2h U#SJtY.Ӄ xNKpyJ>wǿmo.4=,d1 7ac1ӧ_?:˫z ڡ@%AIoN[!6,?|y5!Lo~/JSHWŶtX(D{{ V+N}^aax,t.]o隧},Rx׎=w%J#RP *B9-0-.YD81]ۣ\uzBm{ t4 X-jİ1A9FV7y0m.>Z(Y6 pE "|#?.Ձ@Z@7q>d@ŅSb,!g л{L:257%w-6iuz- :;O`574~xq̣G}!%mIE_"]K >5,d OD\y%)nodi_ݻs(İG l|~)v#1,L;}_#aIRbʷDv[NMȃ !rC%9A I,Ra@#6 ',|􅍞ӶU(UYA"&iҕ>kVmM%xk%/]ݙ2x3t`̫KbKA6^L{ a0fґ錋a͞ZmMUlR A6VJbXtสki1qpG%nXg˪gnZe{C4Ӓ(Z_jaeTUݦ>J ׈?:筺1eF0<|O!? `mitd+J,wjMjP'|PD"w g UAb_Y5Z>;ߟZMӡ4AtrFLn+_qRF\:.WaOSYK<%(G \4q?HW @i*pQRG*D3zg7KVK'aee +Teq`:Kw(shItkNg߽Yu[:|axFkX%y- )Jy΀r[C,}6;T>ksc70Zk6,jۍM-jwDUUau&ӻcAq1f_ˇװ{4Űo^ro&=!fYNr[Qy2p'ժ_?y70rۭa&6,jOexNKkR v1U2 5mim@&A:aL'oa!t `:Y39kc/ f5y_/Nsu2fZzf.~[5mI1 Li 0ezC9;=ݓm;dqU*ވ"vL߮Uc"ggFk\Aztد#`mvX0+34 !59[Z$\7 h;Zt-1Zu;н^h"},ߓeiΎ#׽kUao q5,?+;!TȻؕJ  k#\14|,ĉOĘ.N}_Lj^ifl'r6ڪl2VMlh|7FSL,?q3ysZ*1`o]|%Âs 3Wlol;[n(}:2=qc]5TNF-TkX\mLٶp]M-g ؽm`L3K6-h"cMf4Ԥ+R[g3OO=[:=G|Ò5l6}uЧ Ni95-J |# %qs\lNҙpXQf#OayOďkd:ZzL5lMg٤VTacz|wнK e%'Ż tt>5i ߰ |[_uql gVT١8\ރ|ҤF5t- P#ؐZ64Zʮb;.tYޥZz 5~ 콊&?*aLg*Y4?فYlb𵠂aDcK8FPEvDxᙢqN<jüqkXp*փ:Q-*a0XJpyùq-=-Pù)~b SU!"_?!x^䠔˖`A;Z@ȯvol~|\"Gw~\ !&}p''1)m_VⒸKtpag쮄b+Îm¼ [c W0S3vR|[jߡ/ۨLg}Ĉ!?q#FOo{.A$r@G fDɡۣ"^I4?G}[O߉]f/g$ZI͇ */Yd%!K: u-yKtit]-:wyyy[mͻpro  h'ZBI -yNdі_$O@2wߎfzK[nnvɐMG_)H&-\ fko"v{glanGq^|j:ŲqV₲Ǖ=_VUT#PD^K8Q(E \N]8~i< "ye2wYUE]%z68'@zBOZN@9e‡o\1j Gtuϒ|QX({F۳mF&۹%[oةO!lx%&)E҂byOOy_Rv?61u_B3*[g;}XwU rlk+sV0#1hǠpڈHJbVqL,ӣ<κgf]5593R%osprI8C6ro`]67ڃs3v﫪+$v{յl{L-7ָL7 I98Z}%hת"xёl>?Y:RNJ58 ۆԎhitbv8%H(lЩqְte㮿KdpUٯ`)~na [ƍel8o$߹CkԖ-.> w[%M8d Kmy$|8dZyB u@# ՘06g;x;:s3ԨLG{t1jV%RZraq֡M&|#2X=fS^W}؀àֵs3ji5gW} x|ک~=L&Ш4 <J㌠p ;DW新*dz9%\qa%P?hKEVR1tTlTe_Pt]UKK܁Q3LFķ}!!{10ޞ _OS͞' SfI:K S$whht&F:FpSЋUCFgig7[e.A W\5#M99{^3\Bg`t {;M yޞ%AJ8\y w$1˕Lg=YxAXL˅գ6I*^Uy4wWaSRы-pCB"Hǥ# \u"1PXFء,(˓EA}a8?Auѹ[8*3ؕ]]hiYI>gU*`PQ c?cEU#r*~6߲}dKKyi/3\4AF»^*Pz%\ゖĝ ZYkD-vgf/Vвbcb]adѪb3--Qގu!;ƙh\E˷ l/kow_wm3ɗݽvS>M.M/1p-tmnC6k"rNk >O䌁{紡߶g|(BGc-=t 'c./Z: cLge @;~=[DJKq>nҽ}WmyϴwF\{iWMzwc>J*JUoOx(n 7/AJ;/U?bÔ<46o>p:gLʹzReo^! vG^n6޽=4{J^߷x#[cd0qDZQLdr0} I K3ô19sbnBl>He/{'r+U$py,0bbʎӐ4 & PsK$k*"9+@]E2Jvs{1k'{)>O)߰v+q.TUkm9X1,eԐ酒Zz-șx d&kUWp;5DҲȰR7C6s-l%fgHWC "1=Ss;EkX-5hQ)k,?6F5薸"jMVe_ ٤z1ypX7Txxy]cU ~k^owOcGz龍2nhs6o>1}B\u'߰&b܄:t44uH}E;ϭ<ŴpIa6e%Psm4<>\N)*J鴁"7u=Σ*T1#3\.<'d4qU}Tzu:>U+5LG]d  aqb~ǢyWs >nSv:8!-VpN/қ}BלO`l 赭u>Gd O۹;\xj5&V>C;]e]L7_|3`@-Tbe-!^4:QCUئ#I *.Fd-PR$⊔f^ }).23Hu(^ˤ*,mi ݣ` .Ggm\JP02>I0+B1& 3U}OZ)aExj8F?z!= 6Q: L%M%+~o;:ᕸ/1bt{pHG]ϧpԣR_L򸞇寧.+uݻ5-\V8ab c7nx[1aBw8Gnدe'GzP@2&{'B;aBn?Afd,tB'&\6諉O<ѣG_޹Mfť a,k4ByГYoOgVD;DsjO;dGQn\xS.jҀ/4uԞN:tbřC IMCSD8xܔɡ圌)߸?$>Vfnt/>VZ͚~fϞnYfzq#g@֎./fݎG&H"fٳ[QuHn#&|vݬ^zurK*߆|sl{L]t1ҨL[l8VQǎbKz4%km"fD1s0A㈃PlϋMίZF[ b ђ }IJl [ve 1,ƇXVF5P*(czz]8+P41,[bO`k0rgXyiɦ"8O }J]I~tTNqW?Vh#Yj*)E܈¥_vWEޫRrwHWHQdDְ h,run n *FgDy&_L:2$r  -N`,r4g4<.{O3Ե ]@Z2a|Þn5w;u-ཋu 3Clp ä==OJKLHjLբmw,?odHpKF<57*nnĭͰqif`_8GhlO/'_鉛_/ߺoM7YDyNHo #ĭ|9]ى'⸈^oyW=qAs߼n^?~l\u#W@B2wGv_x]*n ~FkF"pGvibyΚxȷIENDB`Dd  S A(Ìstreamer?fid=563290D#http://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.net/portal/streamer?fid=563290b\]u8h4n0]uPNG  IHDR=`PLTEyuا'vvv65V-i9xqFI3gWPȼt9DzC\GeTU*bE8ʛ60ˬ4Nq]򠠠bFum*(vtgŃ48eTTUC[Jth+'dRºӴ=h4io|(y>c[%OuɮȊ}_:JwJϑK7)&\rr7bPaTSMkƷ0˳ʮF-׃7քmS8mkb}lx6(9...s9V^W2./I.$YKZ6Bem/nɫ#k^q;Ck6Mo~*W˲&!ZMZ^uϿΜ{&0&~51+R4^VƆq\,{woLxI=<Uk]^[}plήy/iz8Sm}ުi֯鼥V\u_zХc3N'& :8D+XhFvyy﵎6~|kqrn cu}/I0ۍML %Vt;4=]Y6y3\μ.bn̉Љzmkm:};dO_y"tpgiׯeEI[t/OW.81I=z8j(TSEFa $OK^:ʓNՅwӴLnGe|c wCWjླ{0iڔn7#yۍު\  x p/4H6ϓ&v6g-M/|o'6`uy7M2Kr?mPn2,!JiTRhCM{] 5͗HS܂62"z_ g&Q[!ug?^(Ζ L)ѦB=Y#w_A; ll ZylDRЫ4b7nmen̙˜F6lyI, n=v0Cd#ݍ]b/Ԕi-5Wz3*[V躗ZmS_sߴꖝ^cF喝Ie6}+F=M4]xy;Rj_j村ǩDϺ-Ѵ5ٲX#h|֙`KZb# {jVV-o5. Rr³M)DM$N ۵܌I 0ӻkY'C֌ͬ3Bwe&hV]iiekާ}(n+|)-UXI8=u<˓cM5;[6$vzn͂3vce:h:|$aͣHb[@3Ƞ"-g*GWBzqӸk˛3p> !AuFciWf &ٹP;vnsˑn˼]1g)I5d%#SbT-4~ڢ1o+^ P50C?`lvnZH\@'Fj[ Qܸ&oچZÎg{_=}Oғ^+m ߗo%0p5nњ(ʴ̅Cv|Ś;7~ctZ {)`N[Ijuf;Oq8EB\eSfCJa>6{}}oF↙OڔK^R b+>n8|af6>e4Rc|R~b6Pqnt;>e`jӿK|4ήoƣN>xŊ] fɊYѼa@7Pe2\0|Mk~6@K{zbӏ 8-Zq:&t71 h,6qzR;6~3Jj=FZ0f{M*~+;w}<*TOoȷ{֛~zʮ˶ 2'tV /ˊڧ t-ZE>K6myF΀ݞ`Ua0h~`:?7T&dLE6{Ӿ 6e> !K)khޕƁu8RmdeΚ r0\> \SO3uR_ 'J(l+ mwXHZēڿr3KftM-2f7#n) ^|jk3˜03>-M2߀1[ڍȖIK6FDqR_Ki0۫rl[w"[h:],d_xM?Ͽ~c'| 2=Y^Vn|fh̙ܴWEl3m19remom)b^)8t,pW5:`#b%ZӋ5(^xisiODTIMwJgfewƮ%)Ny.Yѕ.[r%yI?Sނ$gt܄8}%3N ۈ}JElgFaܻ{Ts^V|oĉ[x~ t`bFW`ZtYL'88Aqs,# T̈́]cxMX` )\5q=hjmZB\Ĺ8oCf MgkUw 塹{PAʓZ]SqǞI: d d4kXl_{7h3kHO >˓?gT:)NjI 4̙M\tQZFJTPҪyDG4ҔփO/od;}37>Ec ׽ Yw<96ѐ9Y1hh0Z-6D'YP"J.*0 ?l(t82@p}WڒѓKw4,#o0IMo,N-Y 06{欧Pjl8g)e im*Su?۲#foz?~ -ÿ,ͦ'bs4Le6Ω[6Mre]!xLG32*z$X3ZYE٧F#)p}CW.izu޽5eͦ ) Pˎ |h45@4~|\NA-;7{I(?'\- 5ث ^ѐk$tc.+lw/н"~`wf\A)ʀu2ZrӚ.AL I4  z:9!~d @kRLB ޘ$I4AP-&Y)LazRaG*I-YO_t(C~Ul,x}K O9v:^BaS Uf A&pZ hu5m|DXh](2e<"^>l>n:4ےKJޮ[-փ0,f25aJ0W_5n_o]n[=Oxïy{d0İV0R ߨ1|b| ;x++<"n. blm-o>Ö:eVD<sPo(z8l$!̕+%岖tඡ"e3aT)RTUŸVW@b%R\~I;Wfv iԷR\}QGmzEgC|Η5ZEw,l;qjF@ N\6y3C |!Y˅/ݭ{,OޒDԫpz!t8 ;M_Nrsr+X*O,#{mWo(\??^_}s"D`-v 5 㠱"]J$رqZe1y(lFL9-(hٜ MˬģHqݛB! ~+p+mkC?hzR,(ߪӺ $LðUddoT1 Cc13o|] O}Mg~C?#e{ w/%l\ɑmiB|L)%ўNC6Fr{xf&h!.'~R]m]|H|̑z}Y~ 'sUMg*KӖX +0}jPGg %90@h|OEbV!D-eݳuͳ{z\^ &9 vq!э?ν19MP.hPxQِwN;)3n,R,r]*4p{nU̔>n LaKlovkW}t[ W߾g'ۿџ?Ks;T0@>]kiE ?Cn3\_}=_w=vUFg۞};ӇTWV=RҤ5K?ϊg~B/tkn}ۙ-kme6L*_ ]^v5nΙ]2}1#eY4K̓%_YJ+yKG=EG<uB/Boa߂ umPGý.hG??Ju+ n'@C3Woy&cX>?fp'0e V߉_[lWŁ4tӑNGl'&~]{ܯگ~ep©G>apOJ~>YRdnw`QMfn+QL]OrSNǾ~7_u_gV% pBA+SqVn1kaoHGy\Oz^sk~㥏}Ktqqǝq K`RFk B:y>> Gm~zY ^ qOso})O:IKF;#O5kl+\ሌيӦeqȗf䍴 #犃B=oOG=I/}ƒۃ?aϿ/);낣7HJ^avw/׷ KҮٹ9d~I'}[Baf5Ss޿uKŴʌ.u4P> CD. N(,)s=⋯=G-7l|Yg<`ެm ^RDNj"#H>6?ת0/ii";/̮ܼ|XT(\usO9Îz2; :.{V݉:N͡(u(E3"'{Xgމ{Xx.}}Mn}ǰθ`1v̦`|%>EW:J͐]|>Ko;pzn0+>zƮQM ڠ5.cT?"}/?ɏ|ЃyӉ^~q'd=ۘrIE"k*#S)3,{WN vl,x֛6=Qa潸3a`=̣l[Xev'.Eo2XU =RO| D_,0#GI%e +%H.D?{:Ǟx>s+N4sHtbtKx\gNxעȴBM2rW' n>qsuG @a|xȫЃpر_~N˶i4M1)UlEV$w⮾.1/{۵P/V,OQp}e릣>?O_Ǟ ШF=)h*3'$`m%nW0g<YbL^ RA'=-l1> O<ェhV鳢襢a4/[RW/.4ke {Yڲ5`PڏOb85Wʰs˸CβxQ8R'<3>1|RӅ_~֑'Ɋ: _MlEkS8 ]'_uY\ߛ/ifO*ל}yd`d/U|Tj_oQ A; `& \A+OD}CkN1~+3ycKm\uĿr& jӍr-aZa;-Y, >j B;E=z|)0`@A~S(м{5pQ3wfxph^`E6_3JxVyړ{6/~N p+ރw1x۷>t~`dȴǝob4Wx̻y,{[*x=SiƞaN<3۷eH S\7Tb[ KJ5>m]c/vǬlNVR<(p~pی1gķ&X/x^FOF̹g_{ c͗x'v?]4Z :ٯղjgj> 󍜭PYM&T`Ao\ 7xqG ;Thv?P-ЬIlqG4/G[ݥv>ROcQuc/ZO2矍qz3W3ǞxW۷or5(H|k5v yUMYCD&l_v='a1zĘ $ !ؾ6</CG]'Pl޼;eaǾi="S-O\v756 +W?~H,A=dTOv[AkB66^L~k!1Ljn X,n}9GQz{<կfRv@3n_fEkJ"CZzٞ+oKys9%}gwͧf+#W‚օo~BlW/Bg4~3*uhh*qUV.X-(g]4IInfLiަ$K_SidO>5.LP̳O<-Iq TnY{-i4>&*vCka/4m߼3&<P y䫏?xG}o Bʤ ԕgm|_K^Kq&|mn@n3pI}=[&e?S0#HQgb=X¶TvS p94#s[שzefԢumsO4XѲ_F5bs'~N8Ia1LSdݳgT3+dA0V+-AI䒿:EY,Y34KIy:)+4cRE~z&vu9 Gzfd ް5_$Exjz{|?bq6͉wSv\͵KNFDm\GqqϣRBh?32>x5#;`d:!h"%K 2tR^s/I 4nU7$Ϫ-H_\آ]XJc90aw XfgOd.Ν "BO5vܛގ~kdi9rӎl_=Ԍp=jرǽXYqn4ir{ fS=[RH+^# )B}$*OZ庆;": 0V5L#UREo\_S^cOs{"u ƉgDĸdۚ4aߕ٫sϋ7P~EvgbD;cYRShWnUܓЌ 1ȒcŒԅeg[v,`W%s /W.s8@vYaZkT#MBd͋%RY$<~xG'nLeCF6T?Js2h˄.ط8%nR:%K, DyFUgTej&)\Ϸg8ifXwκxǝH}ywo1^m_|>M8 .40ֹ,I {d%R|$t2pQ /Q,+N?xUFȜeGbNDNݲ:7܈J9 lmƑsn@lDo/B~Zzb>!9;S U.L4\˟zmJKrg@쏢/ #A.tG-0" 8<(Ŷxo u /SHgy#h~?qX|Fuaskwt>^!,ho<]ǘ3څ[gAG8 BC``,5 )Ukpo޾h,P]cGe_(2cO- i| .Xk۴% qthA j~OGuw; py yX|mej[z W"Iɍ]}¬W^*.Ev<~Ήg<`{eX(;bh\#U^'ϐ2 :9f~ϡ5YE°]*ny!߾ٛ_bC>m2Hؓ3?0f[(Ӷ:`U\&'U/+큃/{nn/5z23ۮ~.5-ր]7CqGJw~2.k:s.Ȯ 4]V.Em6iᢚǤ= X,‰&mWzyݗ})}b7]>"ƹnB=qs0G,6 NSd,$m*ry70©%8 kHAɘ? e-kcOonۮ[|+mywvy*[@mrŒcΈnc'Pwuoaq?D՝ :D!RG=}[= Ab[7ƫ/~:5-WBkŕf3%63Q=+dtnʝ%]"Mp-!y!~Ǚ #fB8ǪI 蜀*UD1р%O*5Q?}?ogɿهpkQwv7Ubh{sƶmgIYC_QebkT=k l!<ڜblWz*UvF%p[@qY.>c=aɾ*ƮK[˙Ȼ3!2l,/+sK]+EKh1X󔟗Oip9Yf_ 0ބw./w1[D>wEKz_wfψ-?-{۲pꙒ9[jiQ=g,bW LIʦOX t*J_v$*ۏBed%8Ot1:D6V1kz00:5jJ`n'ҪUx0@0BDYvAQKye.p,fxw+FO|"F!ZN }pMݕ@+W+BhVX؛r'R NKzˌdЙMl~c}a(iGkdfc[9bu?fߦ/fX׀IJiH7w#gw;[b:@<U)FYrPO3v wqW7Lӏ^6N8IG4r_;ƷI8\#HP6c70`=Ǝe64wڰ-{S}-E'PAӚq,+*uʗbSX%oHHjIu-V𿷿YY(=᱿z>By T1!rr_=B][ \֥&I,wGM3VX*" _>b>̶#${见)^iک@(ޝ)AҼrMDNaCwOe× Ä]>@e#c^z)yO$akܩQ:K6w\EYd>ZξЇ pRt 3:= fwb+XmBBsXLS-{ [<3 iORNz^b ;xv%]sƨ3Jǻ-_Oy,#"0VO|Vғ-ʸ(n(a^zl?ڋ/g݅~W4J ØCVDMT# ;+#rX%Mde-F%#hFtE_fHwؙ܌W"MM |DtlHaSA-ftRE6;Hq/Y0FHC/ewe?~2Ρ@8#$s'z9܈{gBP:I-S\4aS`jR|-A|-o9N5,| 8sfVL {b\7`؀l5@oupkFJ H1C"Y\$}mpy?Ƹ`7q䩼!/FwC8ЯY| pH BEǀ'|p9jTbVߦx붫?bJ|%h0Hb7=#]FHK(!2T#W|zzhd`潆3” 'g `BV x}8X!4};u`p!gO>1K_Rf)>'y*Ȱbڄnb ƮaժsC\>=O͍L0P_zoC9hn`T=$/b##[B歆~(%fA;eZcPXsl0`.nAOgHpʄО}`jL"oZ|Ȧ(]J`eM_ӞJ&ov1BuOib P8!t+ c32Fpk1pҧt.y,Iaw![G iOiPDJQq?gPwHoTl!F,ܦ[NhڏK2k|q4M%Z/-x Ϻ`aQȦnW /30)8y9j;T?E,E7 u6Gc%]&X s5آ!|OH$ Y{'e6\ZVˠ$Sv^%;Á(/I8VT]\RT4'l>N1E+`?F\+0הhh&/k Ǐ z*5mZKhlCuf'.ݶx%"y83;}ml&ҙwM iwSL|N!sb5w#^+̮gq+&p|<3ޙg2}ܼq`A~TYyY$rjQh9fCvگ{[oi a@e/wԀ<׶?cFv>||mVBXLT3&g%N[Zyi1qJmg|X.a@(|q@7i1E'ഊ:֡s41p)*@ \M~ۯ!6;1 qψ:ᷰOeoC eO#;C)ԩ.72gFޝMr9`z!>_{A1VR?CCי<7% wܸUUˠ.gqAZFЅ> WiɫD:mVB&YyGraXů+F3Su OV^>%뻨Lؐ570W^&֋B,u7 QM˨luj>#Bg|/!RuWb( x^Mp3ebe+W,,2 pCBjsv3&kKT!= j-DaZ!(@:aw,~Rxп}9YHa\0mY](t'^|~>IQ؝9&lZ=g:tM$}XUzRg*a"]gb'DZR#;[Aosp36GloF\=){Evθp-G1挮N3e(ZyR\RˀW~ObddU5x7Gssn@]ˣ,M'0H*T8i{8.fk82,; [4c0 ;,_Nu8bu]' X9.dJ2C/;ȴH ? (irbHKl2ͦYUqDy1IxW[ ˙7 to +,Xp:XO=۾~qN ͯ(?ز}޶еn{XK% ž^zU`ŒieG&}-0` <3xYusXTaC`d=,2k@苏JL1'+q|#vmm2UUUug__3:uuW^sU2[;W-n-~266#D&9cLҧx@.5d7#gѺ|ԼUvz3ܷ-T'lׯy7Eq[{tʫ WAAy֐!^աxͭh7Wa %ЎN b=u -CGM67c '/íb:?disNσ_(cm#P9 N 59 4lBn-^EDct% Aٶ)zE;.ĠEdX)E|G!iQyΩ],Cq3g؜OLs G_~گCXߤz#=R6?;)‹nx1TWtn9 o):'+H, v1g\cd r(G-;'xOs 7R]//΢3By 223Ie)$ .l tK)ǯ7~w~Di͕;/ 2Eacصd2-q#*[jY8J*Z{_|J6B}#2nhZ6~-kYCˠXbB{| zS\#_fyjTv)[`?N?* մ8f Dq%6,)>@C};1,zK$\FDD; -_Wk7sN 冦9~2 y%kJ\G }t~8Я9JU)GLHw_֦C"}'?c"K 7Ltq'1j82nfVB݋ˮ1eG<\JХm[;yq ¹fLᠲB.7ڏXRoXۯhdAGD\肍I9uXwנnAw}rybU ¶ >¦rqBEuW#+pΒgD=nMy̎M1^BvcI Q(eŏZ&y}N /t/ ;럠s]1ϻh\L $~cH UJn1tm:ZE.e5[n/>.ȤT*ȳZY@Y/aGXRHT].Vnmz0kHz[F8L='Q2홯Ehk8F4U[$S)w1m{yEx∤*S`c[M"9e8[gաVW*#j(dZ]aN4 Z4:6~ktZ^JPBf㨃|oX t9(bXWb}.vde;{m-w⪺G+<Md]*#=Z}.pj]iG Ts_>N{o )h9y.a1^`W`Xi'~Nzy^iz OUI䖄JV+%kvtڦ4(U>*w pXlQǝZ#AW)ZQ&'_ZfJԒƶ(AnbT}3'dۢ}xԶo#:XUKzT=/TsH)u%i% R}E=jr'Ki)ȃz}0W¥ B6^hh;4&UrYW\vjSXű:(IVB$ܘ- 3WS B[<!ZaOWpI۾V5vj5 Va8m'1c7yh_gr@ #S1Zb NQRߒr\Eb*S E;/o(( i*S1TN+SZBp% D1ԎðjRCh9Z.luCǾ;AVA ׸o9.=g3 o`5-8jZeVEҘ`X]]ZD{DKt a1񥎮ADz]Ŝ̭ßdd4YL=P`'nQ7FũNZy:2M$%K@ŀbջ8,Տ3zGH2=/;})m$Z/c/JQpo'QQo~^.z)BwL釪xS߶7 ']eM VȁB[ztw-8lDu*\ЈSQR7xhL7U*ːF!sa}8K*qu7 hͻw2Xض1$XolcfrJU>H$X;m*7EDoM (][>l5N.4mLO'm62~;dIhH;)7<2',R;~N>?ƕ.D4eVNlEaqm)3S D-ry]cHc>+#8{(ebBPb6-U4@yڤ.]աi;j⺳ og>rMUYki|w;'^NT~'BVQu S)B#GTAl9TZ,vzWzrԘ)rP#n3?̓Î샥xDrj ^G:CT`!#?q>/1Rɤⶆ0KH3)EˣH :F ]vNe2ւ yLYԤE.1U83#2Y:m.qi!8=QSASɜQ`Ʃ~4 kŲ $-"8b%-֡w=# aGw4 eԆrZ6oZ`P;Im/p\".:S՝LU3@J%`qRٖ }j۬YĘ35Eԫj]/6&<8+өm۩W=ȻP)ۣLՏ*j[上ƥlGU)kgZ4WT2]5tP@y;$8oSbĝ3!T d>u&Kx&2 (p$ #H1|_μߪu|9?vzi4 .sDl|k]-Ҍs"/a:XvFA,`"sV*ŪiqMÍYcbf3kb=]jY.}qB>CPkxW8҆ג'X==T3M߫mɪ}S7*MllG4@iM` *qij W:ʉSܕ r>cy >,P*NtL8ىRAt"I>#'|݅lZBKUŰ b V_^EEJAG."LP{Dla?8 D(u?e;e\7*?52m5L΅Er؁mdl>fLcQ~IO%GᕧVTp(rSo֞Vg$]cpL <@:Y=ÅXj|[RDdn:e (*mrjB1¸duZ̷zb|u)%{ 9_84NeځETG.d<]Ak< -oԄ&JH;U/gnxYqsBLy:ߓTe܍qlFڑ!|VmzNv|LRL˺1~7+*d.u8UςDrGLL0*sЬv;t+KR]Tɷя-Uy.8v,t̻y5Sf:tmm`u7 FW/1ڌ8i;.+lFﱅx8j:W%dZ|!%o~E_$<\ 7_(J}g9רhLߺd6-S|'Z_! h%mĄ7KpEc6Pt3圴zXZ8rtpcTKa8(RjrL48Zzanrp;WGXϪ$ui?.IZ%t#ck7G: W5orƦxwH-Or̈Z[GgWe|s+͕cX|lȥzHo6G4h7Er&HWiuV;mϚY5.8mroLmtIo].録݈A&M۶ <006Xd]b*5&ͬy[L6h)88Zag^|:—ɻ)jp2ƞӻN-溎x=ZǃRq~zk/wޝ -6kZ4u@Pӛ;0-B9u [^Nd>5Ce:.C)&(%`E!ΙS  )TV|񓬩DN1.2-Z;CM_ʛĠyTuDnF ] q'EuMUH 7w:qB|:?Ĝ16NvT c`9$l :jԌ.F ֩ :-:; 3˾SGyjUB֠8DŽr% 4IߢSN6UWAa UiH|?8<9(Ps}hiTmIj/`Ǝ?JNW?q?wZ"nruKҨK].WR{6 jWg(٢h?3X;\%?2h/&ړwݺls,6+;q4lkՒt s%'*6`z,US`ьf6w.,"3:zɹꔦh%{/BDEކB!>aZgWA@KkpUꇈֳh1ӻpOj M}fJ3k =%[=jpDu_iLJ%L;l/:3,-gjex94Ƥ^$|eFugzՑIZg7ՐNўEݲC-v'uu| S#RѩzdGOP-kTH[#գ*2p6XՒؐTYY$pO ίkW53`8Z&Nrl{|ćQSQjSo<κ#QԸ3IJy7k+祴X3T}I("I,瞭FW=Ǔ-~8.-yKL90M_JFRCFO:`оc0СvNc}ʉ%dusջw\`͸("sZTʕӡ% ~d[*AEULd3Tj N1spO~L hĩ9HQw4tK^aQK{.G9O 3lFUѩH^PK|mߨ(C}ƬViUv 0Yh9\sB1g6Tқx?N4Y!ʛ0W,ï2ctP<} vj{ ՞z/pk.<1g86v(`n9 O5k&rТVb@z!tEw=Zlɮ)6~dU[\VG[{>wgXp~aG,='n &T¢mZP4ȼwAl[4/[.>' [ iW(%?#ԩCev\ʩ{ao#N|=eF.YSlrڶ3#p7-I̟{Ʊb;Rj 1xʚo~ɫ2 UQXB%]zX=Sw[1t)ѯ]CoY~㵯rKa"6u1yw7Y 8nziHEk[­,O8q6LW*B.?5\IJu8%4ADxlB>w,tр- L]ѽˌZM .KGU˙Uڸʰ)jQfu^-8Ņ-; ﶼRN9J^B K]u /gdg ybfN_ *{يZ!Y}jsTc炱W^~llX +Nϥ&{^X4|FK u\BXG(h7=%tױ(:M /FrZbXYU9w :0oGGƊ x;F/O6tjp+ .풨2]^~!794*'/mB|]nTN+'cYșWLf r-f qhj!ouE ̃: '1x*BDZ.;˳6i 4rBꮯ'Y?PNxؐwлZ\O,-)U9S#-a]!@գm>Dw㎌U#NdTeƵ\U0"w {Z,:0 JO zan{xA檑y |Rml/ؾWX=ݸTP} H e1EXc%S|̈paˊe2B,,+sҲE5+~zaZWJ4clQƿwJ̭ץ8 ;5Ν1G.KNw|,^{/}qę$ZZ8W6v}CR]Ųs?2Nz{Y-@z»?jaS\ifHa"NrNDq[|-0oۉ8 R[$4Q`@kAȎK(O=(dCLϙgGE0aPơ R[f!NgFd #] eoy|3># 3n}vת]Qp^t<#m9sao:`Yޱq#n3gKKaV3ᜱCdU;pzV\1sn_pN|:cwD(LЀ""'yQ3LE̖%Ҙq%ٔYʫ"@y7Bgkي}|P"Rf^+HkXp˴zYKA \4{G,h//ؑ[#-T]FBoVpz4HWhK}T}ň{1cu?a˶+Ox>e7E=9o1w~Ԫ=dsީ꟭kNEG9Ao8 k:^ha}OUdzj&t758WտAlŪb$]tt̮! Ӷi5,.9#Xk}=u[ Eñ&G*Zf̺e2~ǀVnMw k,UTBSrr#Lo0)R']F՜nu裾 _g-+AHǻ} V{y"cϵDG7XB('B RGH ha&Kjñ2o%uWZ沥w%ѓrsjR U:_Vp, U5rJ<ٍqUwRt0: ouc8Z埤eܮފu?IB6,m3]F݉~+>{.VM\ڄN,PrNEBIOG-cgǓ]y5SxG /W_{="'g͚3ʛMNF{4KEo7|Yˡ.rA; -r>M(Ej NRv|lӺnvº_æ) \WTgkh#G`l^tw"9N_`{"fs!M8Z}pZ p"6ĪwvRR Eپ{>NV6E9K$}v79@0a0jljh!UoiSx`_.vзi48PJe% ݳAa"8c-ꆲ8}@l:T*>W˓ζja}dW?K)8jui%NLwINVת&k ݰsgDugL=Kqp'_RkefK,[\O)wDZ/{Xy^ \_<٣^I"rZrҕdZ;F ]c5 RD`?'( ^(mhl;:뎳4%|ӛYn&E]s3;%Xf=ۚ0: 1b5/P9k{^;2x'^9^Uq/As^$7hNںI~?< o}:.ݤ^nz.wZ_Ȑrj^?S4_bdGWOGYhZ37&˞#t;$G'7^|\z#?~ ^g-琏iÜԱd`ӠNpӌW}4ϰ颏G?r=Rq|z oNƚ#ѥ03:-kJuu|׳zo:Gnd,LJɵߩ򞯤i+>s.4}5ӤR}Xpl|} oqk f~qλ:o|;k0fڌ Z>dBsf M!k_&)uV Kb[(@/"Ah'qѥ|=\9/4B\ThNQ-Xگ;$ӟ)3].֭:Xj6"~{KeMKY˧9Y8a`$Op+ke|_*c'k?38&1_[~W4x;\Y[? ~ZD+qgi :ǩq'kG6)I-3i$5qm$'K2KkZm]PΔLg/.޹)SHHIReI<>+Rͪpww;IF{K׳u?WW}63/{ߵ23} +R\p8|!jxfj{y?@93HSZ̲ixUPh^adI-vZj>X?'gC7peFhj,F@GϞ~s~CGXZ[gy_zLmS=SS)4]KJs3q⠍翯WnđA`\K2.vGzpgXU4.d0=KQo=PNF D VN|ywn>EsUȰTy _S*{z~8oJH; peo0^WiB7VPgLODޯٞN=Z^;>Q{9D}7N9wnxBݍ{б@W^5 aS'K/ӏk 0%'#5Ec1jopQ# r1/q|خnj1<.v4] KykbrrԿ)ZC3cxA4EOia?WnoTuʝ]n|ڤ>2&  4ʜg+i\dhRj=Jڏxr!@Wn? ې#w4js阁Е }0?.aI;j:~xqZgHwмz^DA;9oLhk‡?'\-Bl?7z\WsWhl6Ԯ 1hwKntt޵1/hz'nM x>9o-qfB]--@uaXնC[NJ$ƞԅl'~'?饏H/LP6>{wڱi[^.*D5 ǖ@~ol:ͻ3ɇs#_ONDTpf,%-§erU"Qw{mrK?8y=qU u3MFfn7aXg8r˵ޭ]=*WļC}[?J_ocB-t;~єUcSb6Zډ'v~މ`"N:׼E`vXCO{{:B{zWùٹ|^)gJ8zZ9ޝe[q,K0>,7  G/wdwFco^JIL6nox-./Md!n(sOy[ޙw,gk_5.pSYDֺ)}2۵: {I=]{4!Er'/d~✙;N_φ~8F|eR Jk(JtNzk)>Ix͑ܮណ~v+A֢`P4(nO)WCY͙=ZvWc ٨Doޕ}\j^w{vN>4-εZZ!)8O=iPi(e5]&<{,gZc]ֿ,=;x^w$MV|ϯw)Wx!'Ew9MVapk$ |lڻB7^ TwP[UsJכ+ub01*pYB9Iͥ!%N'e.,;ltwqq3.z)/+6eݛ*-lq!Lz'`.lE6^TH==\"]u5 Ghy{!9QvgPzYP (>mփDiPnҤ&M|zZtEKLNfƪ@/|6'VZQZ=*Ifj==`7#. \1nqļ%4={wf"\ٸEz[r\lIt]$ \~o}U4S:\8rR, \0,EUnJ0WX~n^*T𵮌E#`(/׉+wH+ݴ_ԛܡ`$̻[+6R=tNIKiQYcE6k],I:x.)%Uwϼ7[MB o>T@qJy+X{? '_IZ0)c}Bv9W \eOwyg|5tG+t$̻,xV!( bt"B:k8"ܼ/&XA-)|_Bs\ D.ջnptfg{_$%sgWt5_VgkJy ]/=/"agǜ~Jz;N#NέP$I7tX~f"mN3Mbr'ww#AdONЦ6Uh9Yr({#'q?ZQthR kwdrL9& U?+Z+9%1j?b̙z8*|wլ?zG^1'jv?˷8q rCZݹ| ʿgK :ڼ"9OW^uё{V Wc8V:كf8x5RS񺨮qZ0^PM t{}M u2gPH =T>;k:-LghY?ީF)) Z_ǵf)|W~ď 8#HO+4,6ѿ1 ӵYZVu>֨xF2=9sFH,ܥmTAhy՟}՞= Dfܶݬ {bNV o+fO̬vuOB 읒L`[~x'hW+A[,Ni9uQj Ȇ!kVӚ~"7[:SéiZ^AN=r=!ScǴGeP056?.u]r>]oq,3(w_Ť|?A֜ bXl`y]mp׸W.wasRt8ʞdO >lVr%ckKP)Vss4Cq[b =;NUVQ?i!5z/l}B&k43ZꞆFhqq O־Dzw(oYwn[}MP=3Zτ) pK&.'앯~ۨ5yӖ@B`=]Ѹe;PF!lTQ1j+Tj\f; (v&$ʺ(15ueHf-Y15/ajKŨA6A\ mAw&^KkYjy|X+kZ~TnNWK-"䓯 FeSdG{I p;Tgݥ|.c-18s? ֘pGQ;,dӭep㉃eMc pđ33O|}K7b9 o`eT르@~1[cvE۔ӫBq8h5`@ײ+ocdzW3ZYciq7FO14z"u e?1H>}=z6[a& NT*9a*]yct(taMűS\A["u s4 i]q  ;7ކ_I"7T,rZV+tܳ#ff)}…h#&G+w%:FV:8挚8(w90K=]a0$P%T.Ł:z1vZ̪2$YwvzcoMKWДjUs^= )F9E#8JDTXW-RJ}Ĕ:Uy=}BP%G eƣ(İZC%9#t aթ>PC*T^XRu\Ő9,rq3ת<|b@oq䴙oj7i59d ;xĴ{R>J!(g֓F()#ZYMêU̻W?(;wGJhXCou7#=iU=8p%*;1{~9cu1a`q3r-qF̚4}}~WܕgE€|&ź'^ ny^'P65%stl$,I<Ճm' ^V2I=~{ۺPy0R3;ёsF{]LXhxPOǮ/M $\Y1% 3\[}4Fs_Wu>wo't 4vNy2wE5e]H+2WWV@%JOVM̔*nfƒn+* dxkg-VYwjk\filB 冖#Țd3w~Jbn ]59r|b⼂[uC_Q6;lu}?_>Ӥf!$a*\*[1 yN[O iyy39bAy76[a)Z"ԶL_lՋ 3y}llѣ' ~[E%e]ę4 X%Nw;whU+wKsxCfM-Fg֮/罯p·ts?7l?k/H]H2i]]fi`ɵV ̺u k$`3  UdЍr6S٪DZqU>^w u6.&H`MNrYu {$2FH N eM283qDgx B3gj Buk|I~ uS'Ӥ5]Dat) JDŽabVeVQR=g(*V*0g. ,"8rp8%g0e>a;iWK Z68(A)˶[" ҂U =gV6y@ĦSK쮕:{ w5YwϙM躈+OA0w#::=Ж{W\̊q@j --0~纶$O5X9_#D=gݛ^7T= [3.هm^a-9zq~} t `dޗ}j^8! WN?zn+[ⴚЯK%\܃Ǟ%Z^3hlXG-,Jsy2} aM7&SsפBivV+zL6k@_y*H*\[E. Am *T wcɌ,ꀢbㅞc߃; f-^'vi-,] ?QnXjVލek 'Gv)^ty'i|3B|BwT-B`1gdz]׌Rԧ}[FGbY$<8";AJ8j(%\gMy eLwYa1B7p.~:|gI ; BVJsM mhuw>XB H!Flњtn>Q.-\m(=8TqC)fX{ ӚrƗA{ us9OkZ=wͻ--g_@w$ݭݍ4p A.k:gيNkg?5Mn5݀iMa6 5uU#T Qđa"Dn.C6T sYg&&`;Xyw5Yus䌡0͜qZǸjM9z z.SҠcgWKIUa}4@!Mwf{wukO*+Wk\ (i\+b[ch1.5nHfH 0,aKͻ}>}>z "ڱ8,kp¼;Ow `O7ŴoB]ר\nX>hB7ՙLsn$B7s32A*k2J(g%y0ؔOGpr ]' @XAm}y pfB] vZIBwUi(̶Ok]ʍh3+IIq޽彻)Y lvھS]Aw)*:j_ 1$q˲)L6{&Mvܐd M;Q&5*w{ľ }IƵ5QYF&H&S25b$~8 =0۴%[޻mG߳M _juO~֯sn2ղ!Ӣ+UC 5qP Z `T>H(:r9LLkE:E*3֮a8qzci:8uI] r+8r!H\e Zer}Zt߆'tluƽ&+g.Iʬa4Oi5 f%7X ǫ^'X'Yȑ.7}T찎_,RN9:A37 j :@UզHg%bd{[ou?A &GrUf)̸^7Fd2kLeRlR_=ePcIbD}0XV:rv v0\/ ]]jCQl0F{:ayʚ]u }#LޑI1!v;bn~i?BU^N=Zcx*vpZӽiM]4ŎҦy7$ :K C(fZԏQ'~L9Ӛ|bcЭ9y Uk53Ò7Y36l/Rj4L㢌(ck!0`pn $2D/tKV4O@&-llywq r(mI>'tykZZf9PiMr6W$/N7\ƜK:k_c;wW-jHtʚTΑØ32롁,M p+<Ǒn0DaI}"*Y+oy7>c6^޻c c֭cbЍ;HKM }5Ղ WcΜk5f }Z3b'6pe,ie(]"uV (&pjFBMЀ.nqkYJEK&Vʲ):ܜL'0x:UtY /J uVkJ T`w8 kzz Wy7ir_l6D֕&ˠTzPݍJ@4GJ$iQ _op7>[Vl.eWu^^y:IWз)#VƿG]{Y)l3CI&s5M&CjrÖZ#g\Ov䲷Wpط ~U]rˍD_h۠ᫍlz:/5nh μ N e8Cy'iOP.r`랚 iEp撺N\9#O ϯr^zVUyZ]{Yeߚ[3uQwPwZS>:M?unI8,kyFp+SwrȰRy10Hk7!ۍsVp_9ZW3*)rt;DT(׶F5v,'i}Ne\ƻ@[(4vg91؂5,~tϻ k%mW ";Ӄ[F_@^YLkzFԌ$Aӏ~#K >dV9;FTX8v h#!d,ai+HwSӧ4kEuoi~GEҡ~k'ܭٛPGz#j6<U /'$^$7]yc]# ЫxR3ùJ0I >qԨϥ4xݬ[]x+ԞB8iX:Ye^j̵!BMëz!q6JrJ:tR젘)7/4 +i%Zc~-HYA,*a7jծͥsEu97h zxvJi\gk9 :&iyƃo_n7DYI蝲a3/`D+z+z#j/)<[]7.ǘTJ=:u=aH!\RNC/ZgtGuti#-Off{)'pD .Cr亽zu9!꘷8PI5jX&tlZLm+Nz?MTg}`zKp~Xke/S~1Æi?NcueiNZ~|O OGi y'= Rn^4m9yϝy\mS܇8ib2Ʈt kCN /r-|5"lZPo'm&V4bg\Lw+:Bjea;Nf`ǜnd7]ddz"s%x>wc/"yډ[L2b8&\ l-J4|taOmUtX_% \?&4WPh0FsT O!BW']1EhW^lӞ]J҉ဢu-/؂̓J,m; ɖ=t)ml0c>\+l~4敌JkisWl m/6D, Ay(}B?Ac_4/CIZ4Ay(}̔-q4c0-=je,}7c{^[f\?t.fsCU .:x=\bvdR rIZ'FRן[sH£\ %gO$=\Nӥ^z8a7]afb@ 1+ɸ]MqTܼZ5~:=8 $MVar2A6@ Ѵu;Dmiea6s3nۚRDdN `ISvL tS\Coc|gjbr29—$3jzku Jq+:d`-|[O1هM;r<&ْaoPHxdPHL4'?: /1=yDi&K#H&qXIڮe Za ;KRk[bѸ.Vܓ{5ȡJR zJ\Pof9$TD"l7>yG`K Y_WyIcI(c}WMS s:)I]!7eEw')Q- OFJj\vPl8ZiVbby^ )~^5MJt(UctQy[)ܒ<~ߴ:\BţrR PK~2̧/k'vUI3J@JqOo52Hȼ( 5djJ9٠\JbPJX.4-q5,s#d׃jrwv&̔e \+Y}n#BırZ.뙷/Д\<gkٮDGZ,ql% 3RMgJL8k2)PlS]NQ\og@ghzN҄6VMDj43ڝK/{Cz%.FlVETWE:,i0W.^\ :3a<,9+MEmg;2+8JJ5)B#Vi> ڽZ՛ nߋqKDknӯ7VsqD7(o(nt~aQ@[>v%0٦9a#C (I'CUv^}~3(Dn[gPlg_$\K5Qɯ+n t^E{(9BCz]Rk~o}5,\k9`򩠃'N_  yJrjZ7\z _ut¥åo::-o-J5*VS s56>HSNKm'ik[O1"c2N@^=,d !K)v2=W kJsـCjs]Kw1@Nsy؎1I:hsuZM\>%kWA)P2R.ZZ@`>{lby+Sȥ-B݊(ǺV+.߷Īs)S$գ\Qs]K>5^8u4TvaXj4A>QOeea0q0/?w s ]v]J@<(9RRgvKr6s4.Ҹ ]P+Ye;.i9O<_?\Fa9H YVbL4+{ZVx=]{weQ68%;\M}d?J:X&mZtB [bvJk ܂= \~m2Ё>fASs=0GEZ.7ZqБ  5f&Esc1*1:_nHYK^ d3Msm3w$`5p23(+ʑ>Ң<cRˮU[诿YM!JB7AF|WJA# 8:(zGA0Hjݠ+D$Ac^Za0}9S|' Ѳ ;[ !JBwEYZ.P_W(6g!{F* ˭Ll%(Js_v/ ./Bm/P-*k99Vh*o`*hr*!7O٬kJB -;qR % 8t)W铟uB-f̒j3 Y[&d;O]KD_};xN5% z$t*7|W6]ymiyچk^u%\ 5< k*%2C'p&1ܺԙ#ںLDen:\m H7e.+U#b 9 D^^r_ƍP0DH*Z[.uPGCr(3)}~,RN$NάظO~ҡ$t3yuץZt)m /9vq~N' ìRC|;<Zx.}JB7VĉQ+߸TXv~}w9T U⺤4K$>{/`Z_Mebhg]BpKyMT<Uɴs?P^)RN8!%5\|Μqh+. '_y>͎̌Fqqi)S?b#tcusVMNDϏKIyGʓ(sWn/} 7yn o/6(! 'Y8BswgY}L+R!]qah8PEpn1ە2iS{׀"(8̻R^`[0'vDkY3,o*fJx5uyo,wU[IICԡ$tWen42w!:1iA7R!*flg2iHƐ4Yw}1y*cNAC^e %NUBq]ȧJq&ƠHYqjq,"MDT$V^/d:YJc*Q+IQ/gZcAe^nw֥NslGKPz x:G(`A.=?ARaPf+mPq0W)ζzΗcH$ICVJˣ'ppZgAav<"3aQ’7Cm,~!TѮjq7+ٙzR/{%ZIBRRu+t:Բ@@)6L9J_ p8ؽTӫTLIP0x"g]5R~UMԋYC:4]SuoQ,4-ktex|5,: r)j8nqVه q \UESuO2*|Z{A4׊8ϏbJz6-;.s^aAQJj]FzTu1]P2M(OԡOBj۬QOWo4m?U.F%LӠL6x%U4ݴ<M YP銸-tMsH%hm3皖q ]>ʞat Hh$XǓ w@eYC߇]]t-!B,+Rm:58LI~:( [nL 0в.(g* iJ^E0*sKRgQ,f]!.W*z±-N֪j,ao&]6;1'NnZQh 5/|bw7qOĝ/ӡ%e[H) u@ޅ]j-*sK!E6qÛ/Η޼_ JeVETT]ٹh0̼"֢0s֒2E~Vx38R/(Ja5UⰎwJntPu]8z*u\yw؜+N~YRBQ|qKw.%8g^{zaߨƸf7ObCR' j'=q}F懔Fm= ۩yii৾^[8&(ѱQ7jO;;>d '.1/Z$VioD *e(5rH(L5Ptsd{ub.rVA<4@=9ɢ+Ggջs>V$ =xVoLA?ږemK*ٮmU5nY2n(i}M}%G\ !GBF^HHm${~3s9stk![P Dbl{uG$ַy%>,l$j1'j5nI6:[b)K#?%YU@fSO_lQM+\z=PZp€* OzU?ΌADʍh1;QnFIwb>>o m9Fk_Ȟ䅂aB0rO:7tMvgE>rTLs'9s[:|w28҆b}׈ܬ׿VŻ(u$@IeDd L340  # A"oekm=dzx̔Η}KeA4@=Cekm=dzx̔Η}7HJex}ԶAz;.t&P*"ґ"*"U DE H. ȥI;RO kd=8_Usd9]Ig/Q|6k(ft1֍OE޽T˗gbDEy(J׺l1#~Z#GFC7nHVT=",Y~pVɓ'.^~=y8YU9@̙3;~-W֩SgHH.gȐ!#,Xm_dIĉ3xQN<3q"N@roƌ]~2 Fsʕ=<Ϡ"WvݤlO8 dW\I#Ay1q#͞l0wi}Νgb|0ܹuZuJrx`&s7( c7#w~wٳ͛/.S.mtԮ=Ǿ0֎Xӎ}I5G=c#:ǘF9Nb_׷=bckTn޼TNt^FQ{-)4P b~AEeM?eʔ%Z=`<>0+Cy2]k}//C >stc|ӞeLv y9jժmYpqoݲP<%ܟ~x?qTi[ۛ&M+^*܌G;\/ st?o_Ӟyڴi/͛hw4h`ޗzȑ#|-n\k99F-˝!Ęc79˓۷o'޳gO^{ߘOڡE(>'e2cϻt2X67 lX=K,gCG=b|fk2n߾\=ڹ6<:Oiw?.7uqvW*TqY=b?LVu*Q>} -jG0}^eE{&GOqOڵk͗//X,_HӧDZK;qķE6 %I֙3gꡪ=G۲fzF[w~m=\E?۷o^;-[*4r0v߸c0K1yA/; Of{~ر<=x-Fe5Xc-[\ԩSY \NDS9 :uF1?}\aݢ)...k 0u0+Wnck1X{52> /_Nk)K--{99sPFVb-̙ѡ:=^jeTNW滝ϣn8/,dWssnnBW݂N@M B@&OV+XOj{eyQ1l?\{qzzcGa߾}%~X^4\÷^V9ml?ieSNf~xF s۷TV̗H8z-~Xeg}G/ bkϱ^>l;:bYQ޸BqLvrvGAtԩsmBw Z-"- Y{u`F\Z߄oz?)SsF'vML[^;K) SC ɩr;:qN\ekU݄}lٲx/αKf9}ҙq#C;} t y׍k2|D` Q?w#5q=RJ̑:fc{w>7OlbզgWY.3ky|kVK,{}} >O?1d vs[p c7a7uժU>裶 :tXC1gy]a'>tkʰ6cMtj"6cύ}7/DҌCޘ?ڋ4Q^LQٲeq6|c-1V{ɘx/0Z?M9>Ǐ9R /nȣG>h4 w 8ǽB 1O5g s5.G}?Z湣afﬦ#=JXo׻wIƱ-o}XƎ;q׌r1siB1kVZv>+=2qlc?݇;1ʆ]E e[>]&>ǏmWҞWڵ RbJ*UϞ=)kp^ 2hӦ'Ncǎ qA~쬿H,?(`ʀ)7ybqϸ(/3iw{Tsx35X(W\#N妦( c7Ee}{/1-=6ǖ,YT$Wa<СCrZc&~NuXl:i- >?(CudM"0cϱI]t!t @pxg/92vsXK3sY6nXطi#_X;gv5vV8 ?{ΞsY=>^;Ҟ[=߰&Weazdpr )r>QN~reT5~֏eS?ȁ9M9z\F|0]/(Qb'}B=Y"eLG+ڵkv"}„ }hku@eooΝ  DSiγ^7X/!bc %俜()ܹs'+8e˖5V{/awܹL\.z4ֹybu]4iқ{-I c$fX'-\1ל9sqiӧxf}\}#F!CF&K솦5k܀ou_-ZGM&N,X(|:;2.ic򢋃{^jUB 7c,VY$'Җ.]z> _R}YN6L3etٳY(GʿLnfWXрO~b/"IvZ ?Dz{xr[5v0Ν;ϔ&t]Z~}pgE^n8{n|>+;8n_zu]Θ1H.ᦥN*?2UE0.1.J]Y*oMUXNuJ2MO*7oDp sq&6u#'xzjyȑ#Pŋ_er{2U sO>5M.W߼,YT׈uBLvsq;A_BAU] B;XGˁ۷o'._޽Tu/={vG,Þc,3x.W\I;w2N3pe9ڲeKeYlM6U7BcccdٳtR:E)eʔ9r@Pz]sL˖-í[xEBM2Jϓ'1se'̷Yf_ȸnͼIr_ػRJviϽQAƺ4i\O> u$Ɂr`޼yez 皪xu29I|ᄛ8?WxǏu||QjʰI&dݼyŔr2Iϟ?ϔr *ƘKÜ[zz;mch`-L?ьmݻ$v (pċz7n"~a,R/e=z ^# {\fp#N:beR^+R֭4*T{[#l!Z8pƍd)!_|hvٳT .𷚎y~eτ(7|2 L)/ Xvmm~6|Eb4W]"T;LB! e厬" >Iĉ"lu#8бc2ݮZfvhcI2i_Y0b1ɸ裏.%58؉()SܑUڵp^tݔ;rD\:T1e}NѾ-Z|.O?m`G1TƳ|rԔopKEܹN:kdݦM ѯ_2̭c2r^Fדck5϶Q_"/,Y2^|yHm_Zpa+~`d+VW;XnpUVՓM4ݻw|+_.ze7hР2{QPXM~8ǏhL0^ZMs&,۷o?WƵ5j|hƒmE`D/+NUpͤm%r[TiٳY2fx^ƷӧwL%Sʋ-[Dɓ'~bs\)S.VҫWrqN.ц̙3;[̙ц K}`LnonݺeX[IG>=9nY:]f 2εk}+^H܉'Ȏ.]K2ݞ3gSgxmG|XcSςȁ;vG\Mk]*Ca/J_Jź/q i{"opKE;Aۈ=W}~ܺu+I06s2 1YdxC$rJWn3 C: _͚5B6n35666N?\L%Sʋ-ZRשRc}ԫWo _>W}{4iRofz… ۽b:'mڒϗak6yUOۉ+T]nݺMN,/XԔѣGILϟ8egOvF,l:;=m۶U@,Gl?~|?}ə3bU6lrmd݂ۯm#ߴk+ƚN7SvPơun`Zi1{bo{b0fxOϕ+ /OƑ#8q겘ۺuk%z}'T\;Y?Oo۶G n4=SwR7WvXg9` a*Uڪ9eXÛֽx$ >lٲ6P աaÆ4޵kAj/Ώ2>~gP+eFLӦM{(i&gϞy=?JG)bk[F>tq3T?)XϿ'X5y/w.Y^=ԶaY,CF|>;؉3+Yd7Y98pXc6=q0!X8Nzۉ{= 朼%'xYOyYwOdϞK3iÆ e}YVt3<󮌗=3=wG1a_hѢ?j]pC+WOΈpz|W^6k2 f0;w\,Yt=9,IV)y׭͝;}BwgtWZUFvZǯF?&oWYntsyJt]:ydr#|n\|9m5c=zA6|l#CˏF-묕s~+HdmsNu뮖M6˞e5¦תUk#G!p&hF̙3;GWVbquٲeM{y OfW^M]N5z~kyy1a„z]rwH%//d\c9'=U VZXMA4bÆ 5C|k\sB 6rR4hh'ˋСCGD;.l} i+={6 jҥK,? /j݃X7n$kѢz1NĶ'qPjB|MP7d-#Ɵk^sт턯>IcNN=q4jժiK$G#hԩSӧOQټy=~xh6#%1_qL>4˭I&iiϽ{12eJ=g$Ir_~1vO=kxܹsg'8#$w}LYX֭[σ?۷W"{,T/Éyرl}h}ʦMQ_~CyƘe׮]e{+E^zu]~__x1=|݈Fn6e˖kvLmNU{ w&H7G7zÞ޽ug;qN6̇{[n%7n܀8YIG iPDn5kܠ VyW謹tAU_N9fʔ\T-T~駂ʕiFSl[\8sLVĤǞ%cw(fiT_8\rOd̘޽{KzN .ҭ^ziVg'm**凚/&l:`u%ie!\_ y7\ݱcG4i\1#|iҞ ?RЭ[i"Q'e\xv:]V֞={Ja٤IzC:+Zj03z@;r53Oi@g{:c]XI*ށI#qŊ ܐך5k/VN{dgϞ,8s2a^ͧݏo;7=Өv32M7e|W=Y}EcJv"*Y^7e2rN]TޞwSzEkZPݚQEĿZj(@G65TdH&LM[ωDbj9QI= {4HWTMk֬"=ўr#R?\6ƸgϞ&ƈ͂Ʋn-9{W?#O 'Mf̙+_׍9^@< ~s=QeEэ:0OhV`۶mETH^F.(e viTߠo'( sAkk?Tdux'?:G|aO|ĉ}gz~[͋{s2< MDG7h>+ڵ{_v>ǽ ε2Ƕm~E,Þ=7Y:S9C34-_ýgʕz돈n|={\ "k׮Vkk#pbXgu˞CG2׭[wHZ(xu ՝7|tϞ[ @->1bŊۂ>ٿ~OeA+0)kӦ؟"^aI6bݻd >۴UTީ2@=R}NZj>&[^{ٲe;-Ӊqe͛z!σ}녎:]$-r[. µZϜ92ש/wFkQ={`\u8}Jd̘Hixg RXW)/e=GK׫Wo]۷ݧ?'PVg7|tΞA~[}#:;c:?!'9dɒ"8Yo6=v o>߿W{xTO?=A Y,&}_-Am^Lo޼yuB;_jU=Q{f͚IGXf^T_'|tޞߠC:u9rza/NsyJԾ۷W-[T՗ij8ݱV78J~G54jzP9uݰÆ  _Q>eNvv"3!ד45tsT}ׯ2c觼z7\ֶM.xd8.;Z+'gݱv7<_xqsѻiܸAl^2ns=˰xeʔ٥_휱Ղ(EhGEvB3gMyR_0*/Fбc"x $Eceυ>OTOc]8yYotLhy?{nG[n%ɟ?Ϣ>@K{衇 bXgopv?Lȗ>Gc…]v-aXbhݺudY=݊@7'Nȕ"EkvEωlL1Yd7?ۉ27:*o?WFK{G]7}j8;ʾyCc2|a.X駟>_|,qķk-Ϲ[ך67*Tp,3߮͛Ie~&Mz>xRsc"-U[͓?Md{Ӡ?K.\Ȁ-9r8XRVwȑb%`~ŋy޽{OTʐ!w'UGo=PE ^,[I$In,m۶=:}w ?Qvڽu%K+>KҞ={JYmۆ jI抖 *:t,Y5]c]ڵkkGۀiφ{DV}<Go@_HNk<ֶo6=SL ǩC޽TOc\N$, ֭[yҞ7*Z{U_m۷o'.PY?ѥK~֏eר(+nۿp/C^2} '{UMgj똪Vyf~LB eHϞ=']?v|`{}g0T; 靕ظq ? ;u=W_T|õ &؞x~,_F [ Lc׮]el|;v /TzB5j0SO{KELT{ sg6ަMexwX 1,L[o=UT>{짰 q̖-ʕ+oN8ώ;;ŁٳgwzA':Tةz\C@><3%=ZZK-yQ9.Tz|WZUOgW^yJ^WR9`A甯=F2n=7z F=!+;w,X'=/u-9@xs|AɁiX/f̛&?T=zB|/?XA{c{b>VcLc79@{n_N.~M1o2"V=yGT5H$5 U=phńkMh|%^q0W2e?4cǎJ^,ǚyhcE^+9@{nϟϘ+W=G5sk_11 =.bŊ9Ӟ[ǐzў' eb߳sĥ9﵎91s3s1&=ί|+1='"6s:m۶iҤ/__'lu 3ȗq8Z$5X|Þ,X'r:L=hՓ 2s{|)^~ 7﵇7qs7s1&=ǯ5kn=GT7üɇYǍ:f1SC} {^D}*ɓu'OFpu'=={N=sǁHÍAq:C{nOΝTR{3l=ΨydUuޱ~v*W|= Zў%a8sʕ4ZlbaNō]|_6hs c*T};ўNJ"V*r>/kժT+d_ъ99܏vӞ͛/\Ha yt?8m=}sE~srY5N>8I{n /=͛ךXǒH{ A8=ϟ={J:p'vbG{,'9wڵ)X};9vrlbОF-Y ў#Hn#yx:G1gͲe˞[WߡC%K,v=/#ܺ+lwLuT2MڇYs򃟛gx&F1kUZZ:2&&ʝowѣG#==}ӬY1cƱcǾ۳g wߕ%QҮynl jfce4-?=hѢGJcǎ͋jKj\~o>|~~#s:u:YYYrm7Zt;wnAVڕxכ6YFIs?w#8"G~~ϊم .SǼ\Uԩ[E[5&ڹϵs7&ϯsN= eddkL.sknM00_㴺}rNߌ[7fe ?`*?-((kZϟ܌059*lglWC﾿W_sTLYX=O9Xq?um{II3߱c(f'0cAp3_ IKK۩SGۻwU#F즾I?ւWF^!Æ @姇h32*~jjjqc]1'9ؑ{+??b39c1cƔP?]?V?5+lǾWC׷O:u?yw\ff͚9?ҙv31È;F<ϯ9 d|^tmRRG*m۶͛7OE{$&&~"}i6ד|x\ D޴ɺ7jGNZ幃;r jo{eS?|W:=zߓO>Jґ3NE.ɥ?ϵO馛ÎݺuzԨQ;ObVVVazz&G_:zw퉩sÃRs5|^)))ؗؾx/y ] sŶ~>׍+W}ǎ}ow]l m`}ɑ993|qO3<3;yaˋϭvpG_?뮻r]_|55]w̿6soV`>?.Z3߳gɹvÜBsweYYYYڲ=Ν;Ӵ|ĉPƎ͎[kXiSyz6mݿX= ~op: ~_m^y啉*?e[AW;… ۗ/HS.+u lݺ^y1؟`fy-rJ\Xoe 00Va`ŊT~.3~P00Vf@ ߩS*O}wm+O`J ȹr29nj`` ȵrMߪ_4 xe)S4dȐ2XTTȋ]t&%%eߤI^^jc巓gҜ=*?erzK{iLf<`m"G/^xQ߾}? W{}9ͩ{OHK ygpFґ111UZX޽{FMfzvƌǎnϞ=+hJ'kmetUgvZqc'q[rk$RڵN,66ܢE9r㺹yqqqZmI<׭[wv|f&WXFn!Z$o*١555Ν[ЪU+*x̸xbdΝϪrޭ[a^[)a%ԗOTXXX-[^{7u%.ؑʷ,[~Cw+rx`m}5ErrrRrMtqq=z|۶mBCCUq{A믻o1U pʕ+|`< @EEEOq…KK^^^_$>su_73gܠʷ,{w-m鯟?rx` 1Nff:՘/ϏS#9*^FFFhjÇh]0f̘r 4 `"Иd{|Z5 8gʨ<0ȸvl[r-˦OsB4:/B^ǿW^ۿvGTqǍqض\&--usv }qf<1'pBN9-Ǹy9ZYYgdby?_|ιvK?NVr hׯQcKZŕN1d8<<… zxpcN 6lt\w=mڴfA:b6}sxfķ[ yk<7[-Xx<A> ,m:;.((kF?Ρϟ?C۾} -2rBٌs"tLwꫯ֌s1N2%31#7v~Sro\9=d@QQQρɧ WTT9هSN"s:3 eU3y$]v9`xpܹXsdǺp/?8_;ׯ7ֹ[?7yq;wQk⯜O0ajk̵h.mtPc\7"vCrl1i,9zur |YNg~FUO}6Bmst edd<#m6A,{衇֓Ks2{<߿{=l}&P/nSՔܓv5YrmhZrJ+9F={3b@<#rK5ryr`<N]igĉ?=er}͜9suUvcbb;GŚܓn?B=[4쿓ۖ󟿘?nc{ꩧrmOσMt2Ogݹ场k='C\\\ίr]}iiH-}ޭ}yZ0"|V^ίyvrOɓ'{5WiX6|<H':&On鿎z֭ףF!#*LOO$sK8ݻwYuرڱʹCskeeeÈ\4yT(-XnZy{OJJJ<裫w^c_Zm7]Aos9#oQz&''cy8w}wc8c/#ݻwjɒ% =]ig>y'yO|gZ3+W~qBo-[̽/F|0vw1\[۴iS:)j ~|WIe< 7ɺevmK.] 5󳫪bкė1}|ڇ3 .f̘Q~3hW-Yt]zMyflۭo`3/H~\5rR=/[{<9/K #Ƕc-1l5`@fΜ{Arqޝ}wk⯺w샏7硫dܟ&,jzϙ|z{3\<~iGs0?˗/~OQM-]&Ŗ|?oΪc\իɖ~14k1`@Y9bdEO_0(yNH]]]w믿ky?R߇!6~يNn=^/€ n3>y~lR `Zƀc=D?裏eLR `|g1?GyQ.y#}'q̿;`n ˾?\d~\ a h.Yt?]=o[;VÇOoƞcoe]Z7_Mau``dĉ?zz=f' =\ڔgΪ8Owlp 001K93*O{3]y#|ƌU~iӦtoua``|{-X`pպLXs^jI7 ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00`shI]% ܾؗSh0a?%Z }=u00` xeyq: rݻwjHOO4k֬gg̘qرٳw}vu00m׮wZ~{nѢE9UΎ;'777/..R-S{83ԩy-*kmMMMsjꊪ]'qiuז3a<7,,~˖-S}a^Mxxx}[WWK|3: krrrRyW^\\|۶mۄFU|=bІk2PQQSU>p%zj#O:uh˺̢- dffSy䄜 c;nܸwK1 srW^8#+sȵα#""~8e_adlڦa`}RTԺ.,ՌĠa` f|ڴi_Tŗsf'u 00`,XTs9/7#>1c+0p}U篾o00`udnsvG^׬Y3Gc^Cp??*?5kX@QQQڹ֎巫o߳gP6 000_]v9{;w.V5VWWv#?``)&L~ժU5]O￵Ν5zǢ=:Zs 0఑}4hAV䎶 ` tPsÍΝ;T^.ګ;6a30{gTڷojkk#쿜߿UuzƢ-j``N |="""jU+s뙋ߥ~a``'NQll929}NK3g]nLLLձcx&R000g۷^Y&+}?|WXޭ[Gc/feeoN{cW]{Zr8yd}Z~rl|׉Cw 466\;vſߍvٲeO444q``e@ٶt2Ûyӧϱ쪪WI>a`Z]#=55k׮6O]^ :tɓVPP0w[' @tHHH˿N?FDd P#0  # A"?bFJɠ44ϧ4@=bFJɠ44Xp>Wx\ޤJQA]"k=ѿFQ^PlBGtrpITN3'nwny99YpN S+l)'7MrrrOr*6?I%9#G7uÛiJrzpjph¡ I8w8O ſ~.')?3EQ?8%ڶRUVTTFF|k[;#ؔ& )Ƀ%np)_XM28N8dh (FEGM(RTPWGԱcO>;}^::ϣG\tyk}yQ\ll80s 2 &zٳHUT3""" ۀV+~AXeM\#b5u(yJ[yΟ  _(G* DZ%2  ҒRyS_R?XlCC6mZ̻̬W]Aƀ6f!mRj\ab"ȀLR G05[bފuW]Mᰭ/oji]Hɫ5qL&Ӯeu\ 2иHHz;s9$6 Eŭma J;裁!u(h cc#R RWˣGzjjZGi1MLrW?I;ȄI89ܹ;8 ϟ̡:_º/mih֭[vG9:!.eeej츱)Ŏ!2 cYldcA]:,ѿRڗUx9Y^6iY,*c5DFKI4pHZZzz^*skU?#2 k~+F&,q M`ii [a <$q/ w[nwK/7qXz >=v..-5uj_jrJ*.a 2 Hd-X#(c"-{hyOCM":.rÙC*RVM,k҂&Cx k@d@ *|j9sۘY+q{֧O"#_ފr.N^嫗cNf ڦ2 eݼ~c9s"vZ`d`T EtBZ4յ(}]}sS^^>wans1KmKj#Gsߑid@a@ 6[M0䐡CJe736mv-I]!?yuHQHdO0_vm\~hW2 |#4Xl+m@ jrO8… owCcK-jR^#2 |+t-̥y6Cmowh_& cF בd :qbhWsׯIޏ:a 2и`XϼDD7>Y*qdq3 a@3w(//gHRۺe(2bA#ǖIr-"2 Ԗ86cR e*JRmW~c;tJLpZ<Ed 7._jnd!kˆu)'11YmL|QQo .Z{9ATkZd@d:XL=%9rX[_z7xZ|d@1 kO9Y[po^*6SSTaOra{oswd@ŀ|`@`RT}S^ ˷ٳO_ r(Hr=~d@23t@˂7lsYp_MMEI>f-^<{>DkXdh ߽ykmuMwI *g[yU5G#y9^&N[ZZ3%)2 Ȁ ^ #2 |#"64Rmɉ$)l5 ~Q?a_O$9*2 @MG2 / 'EX p%'vl 3 M2ڏؼ}Ƀ\Bu߇-en[l1YL&` G@2sYkVDKxmuEOIN9+]$12 @mjٽg#;L[S[qƓPSrU=Cpn\bcc}ZQ/$ " _IiTe)R-ZDOaأeƌOlhA6[ؾؾ2 SLIE?:hi3.ʚHacchѲ21̹ %V  d@>jݪ5ohfh$@}G!95H<:ۯ/qiУwZXփ) ֎w9Pߒpj$ۧ @Jᓧlm*-`iS]_j5/n\f6HA>^` 2 K|ƺuOh͢` >$nѥ(t[f\ 2 5e]滮MT0 7JG29r6N.%1=$And@j˗~17U S_!I,9?ݬ-LM:b)x 2PSlſvHeA,o8n܄,6[K2bwl#G;Ј(ZsTz<Ed)Io{wk`DnK wɺvmە}ԧCd@$a@H vڵtְnu|6'2Zǽ%XS'I9,#2iʘLcƼ&ďH~{$JwܙhXoIJvd\O7 2 Rc@>Am'69٧NZu\]=CܼןՂF  Uw-Um(sDch=r=da2G>M EãgNVVv;I4&?/wZRN@`\UgK);'|ٽvѢEOwxo߾╫ﲲ$_[vsj~jS[C]v\{Ua C,I ^2Ĭ†S[8F>@1! S ~ զ[i3#/]<  (DFFN07$:Ԣ=ɃS$iO܂Β3<?MYVƴzno?u~տ|DykE ]0=[e,uKiU Jk} aNk1 455e )JOu!Q}{7oO]`^ K=]y%m1s@Fnv6Ƅ~5gLyg=0lj*fM-D~DԜy)2r \~D1~Bֶm t D{Vj{ɧ>Yʔ8$hݾ}go/8UePQL>lAQ$m4(#ccd˗[9>Ƃ g̃qj6l8IB9a_k <lPJ|`}Sxѻܥ4axu5rI_$WM?DYGk-z瑾dtҥ$]FWI>{vvOX#kkh |qxި~...v뛬a/l~t5%.6EM~A~#G+Hl\ZFGW싐d!2P}sCj՚mŲݸzeaog}D{4NG_eo'uCꗌlwo)v^4=66sWo1~ fҺ2 En߹7ʶ䰰)qXxh⥇4`wIG]/e V,17{,\tM2#ǖ=ȡ1NܤnҼ2 5`]%KD{U"4bҒ&|֤$-%ľٵ7Hk9O?ibb&KiMqh}-5ۋ;CٴGx#SSQn Ѩۀ|>h dt#Z:АhjׄQ#<<<+CA;fXY{>5Uy)9o0V]*-:Z(6l;0hm߻aYؾؾb (^Tsz&=j5S_)c ٣|z SQQސ֭ZsaF;U]co"u>e͟55aď8zR&SD q1}\ZWblh;z&hjII][8y(b M-w,˷ѩs_JJC!yf?Y˭{0 IcfMT[@Bc*ISCB<ѽGVVfD{HrpB^ . $@tw~-e9lՄRh$U5"V=e\Od[1"4wl{u윞$pߧ">T sa|O[}>N I-fd_𝕖.Y܏>wj(QGd@IIIQu$6~E`.K_{4+K+z0&Ɩ޽I\1}g$~=a;ɲlXaor_cso@./^l,[1qu xh`3X&fM/_ U&LH Yw@ t"kk hi[}5l挙`jm ] {s`$/ǔi3nz3/ԯ06Kyk-]`oOvU`UG{\q=wsG!=Ժի?~>^>zӧOW/RƏl+Q[HzͶ-!I?m$/|ʙ!6mx/`o"Y {L9*ZM4{ë~_m?Ԧ¶xQ'c]=Dzz./pz~x6SM ZI׷*mqGZ':r>>2з{Rߊk+WߓFԂ9? c <勗ĮN͜>ZleaYө^9؂. {`9!@}d@z@^d+B*/7Mڟ|I_DAgΞKˋ~fxsk[&}O뵵<>_A@Ii)t(Q[XRwl;pQV_ф?(ʀa:ϤۇW^JKKeL#_,-2 Ԇau䩍vj<#}ڔ=so mE'H yEEE60_hي n;a 0y4wdea]9C]sn\s+b6x}ܹK g%ug m5uj)Ƀ%k;sέ:Mka\6[;tK63c3!]6`s=x;AGo+`Ȗwܙ娊 ''d@6 $%5*i 䗟|dZL8)ޗh WXC,ǯSl0#]3:w隝SԴt6ڰ Zrƴiϱi_2 zx{y'}-g!p%KJ kT IK#y~.#ekr23[?:.**=>"AGK2^.eV!~Ň2 >2@=CBܽ9/~{5>cSSd <{g?oiK60>6Uc?uE]G|ٿ_>iʊ*kDc]Xգ}fti7oW/^r?  +˩ev!Xfh @kfutgT E ᎝Jg%%HHxߨ u xLѾZ KlmlE ejhLsi"ר;u kP$hf? t}lGkGGڥHs=C.EIq]Xpp3VW$D>[N6k…X NXX@e*;wZZX h[ϴum~a] l?ٴu7hɅC:^'H1SSiɫԡ9giasp . Ny9ύA;a.2~#Pd[Uio]8szŢ.7ͭ=ռY Š232m(NT/SLk_x˱U6zzFd@YYβ z""c|+-&:)YY9 ޏ=~tw(DRf#%ِݳuu ]2y͟5*ɋNϩ_jJJ*j]66uGNG]" ZSx .iUnq7n={lhDЫB=矖ڼ{GKdg?2P{dy%K\2YZju\:b 8|c*K̺M,.(mR;Fqo^`lh̆27t!oY/tvl^է_EzP_Zoz?:dc=zǓ6S#AhPp\QzVQ*VZ7lÇ9y܆gPkn2AXV[ozؽB_,ž}7bV}O6>Ү&vx<Ԯo_}l6کྡྷ<!$4}Prss\~-_ )5Dr>fMWAx߸qczs8ۣ<'ʱYSC 6|Q7 ե.r|_WBLLwCt4DDkHWN^0-Z.:ں-0('1H"ucMXx*kMα]]>5رc!&5-.Cvݖ_j]: 5ix+.__ѳw"YQiO}`]'l޲铧=333EGZjoO@uQ^9azYˌϿ 5_d9{(XHٶ}-:S0y'`Oq*׮^]leaik 7mܴ~g'cFʿ9 Ẃ.֯\ ۾aǺ8bI njiѐAoڴtEK_.MAaok>d^{w2R=Kp_Q'#<ʥQ3121n rjHj߹8x5k.\(#UwsڹkoO'ؿ@PsS2skdl+طwFk6j7!WЦGeĊg.^: oLvZ0:MѱsFNVۛKr2L U(ay WlS)5;{98ϥ+ٴi%3y\_&% "إ؅ QzR{=]ܘO>$/y_ф kjaz={ʫOФqӄ^VfӊUL+KbyZ'?aČw Xһsb#۲nq=ȓH_ښD?ΝwH}7E3f^:95t&=|#O:^WVO8,I}{;X(w.@|M/y<ǔ:O=勀oLra~W@ȟ A,A^?zL:ɔ+~?vjPդIѰL[Q*O ]QBj_ wEe _C7pۯY۰'ކݻ7<{Sp1¯_l9K064_Yt&6ҧG :(Y޳fQm޹z9L% t9}̯_ 4715bt:&W_~~:UiJ_ZTo;uTJ;PΝ۳?txKn9J?M"cm3 >w:YT^&NW_;zIiJP$Ժx)-Kܦ]-$ v5ǩ4x7Ǯ=(|*sCvո~iOwOfԱiKpzBbnZT>lֶǔ[5RWf._{öycq^Vċ}kۦ-ɓG}=N~8R7 p]g[(oxʆrяx6 l-{ufϚ} WU={[VVvqߌ}u5h:.~4ut]"DjPv_ ru.ng  5󫾜:u9e0 1jB^sd_%eeV{[n m-7}+<|"MQ&eO"6b1irmv-\l/>7#ھkf)JN@Fcld1X,ꗬ/j }:w:r֢frRRIRby=<"?>|ol|IlI5J'|y4z.rrs;m>cX"-o|}]lY'OlÏOS9zc~5zEbma ~+Xބ?<{u ݽ:a 1r̜25:>DgLp9/_vo۶]YG()g8y\wܵ>4?񯩽B߯WwO,G/Ucer:eU}cƒ5||>"66۩'b=/o6_m=ryO~;'saB*^nsӄYSGNloQ{`{5kfg@ ^wXtyGGd'MޮsƧ>,Y+iK/?EY…G|u.6Μ1a~ڡm ܂' x|5:vo9ԱDS,D> j ZFlұs\T|߰Wg+׸ivZ7\'{?r/t:O-'l$<@V:C5xdteAgeAڥkɾCB.i<>$AYֶl*X;ŕ}YY]C#r@x@x3XO8fִ 1f>.''5kyU[jlnEᣭoY q g?V5 )NjJ~AϩZfuw7vULeO931^hS،&ť%m>ݺgc1qO|z#J#䝈,76PebBwFGGDDD@irHIڶ}_@;e =yvlDsOt⛑7Zy3aRPS:[7nDCoLgܮcI޽Ggm#}Nx@y@U ^kL!% La1A;1K@250 wζg"wgUyD?xp켙߲*D£ݩE+I%!mzbGU/@`t I 1vBW_dmd"^"9׷Ĭ%0,s C; }~z8r؈'z1>+hcʔ)ߛDpKQ1̑X"~݉ =H⺺gQN|JCU=LWB\/ 3 /{۰;Bg]JKK[=ujoWfCn«.3,[Y;i UïVRwgaRUZV>E^2|U-E1c30a{ȏعc]'2sr=:z%Ky*WQQQ&OΨƪ0KkqAuk9%UF]Q q 4O?[@z+VJS5Oh*a pRz&6#KZ'0 6,!.|:`;Օ^b |FzcF$s*_N8ܒ1ԯ7mЇ69jO1wN.iiG\ t هLĮ"q떋t)7[iGMMwhP-ZxvvNk"Oƿ:PFz8GKzX{@uڋч4鹖 ?( r@8m[}nE`41 I=v-iPRP @l1C_׍vIQyBAbBPkV_e {O?YPXDֺPו8\|eIS4+8J3)?,-!1;E/\ ȏrrLj*n9wW'x\%bYcc~Xp/7ֶMp[z)?b9]!?]AhKhh<IRC{q֭@w]r.6Khtd;q,]ixǖ_eg" `LD?̛h2F}E/t- >^EҧD}F]/{oW9%xsg\\M;Qpy?41lַor@޽;Ԫ_@h/}MZ _M/\kKaӧΈ]V̟zqq-GzxBm6[b BfmÞk&Od |(8Sc^7W7ݻ(-+#sUdvQsВ)9M_zsݺ`Qƿߑ'ztRtU7 }tDW6ېtT$b0-6~<0ehXjߪ!LJ69vlӨ#M̹MbV֜ 6**.& 8O_!y@aK( ݵ5䃭~l֭_UVVNt&f݌Scy:C.|{M OxĴKvF䴄i߼ YH ʠO'^[hW4(3_Y,|^u| W+Bg 0o2z>i3fE`o 2ڟ&P#kW;98<=~C׭[w3666ᙈn$<3:k;zuָ#L#2_LPRy:پ+_Owk2jfSSs nB2zwʹO}׭XuT%`Q?<@~C8ƍws;X SY}Cލ,ysWa^^1natu[~?ja~ɵ@zi݋~uK%}=2O8:vԨ{6|`$H~F>ҁ=zKK% U---uݵmIoR]ib>՟7&j?l\L,>hm'lym\xrADcK;ŒOJ~3 a< (suWO9nN 5_K?~Q'332owGQg3Đ>]}^|y=#va-26!'q^}:;H\{9l/;/ZX.2Z?pYRDuMB3ե'))A]V$)z9(k-\|A~ .^H/si|x_??~I-‚'O6z +3 Zو֮}\W6q^|sO ~$Kl3\ glIhP_uL̆ƯB1cb>ka;vc2$6^ Q c[Tho ?+YSG8A-My~pˮoՆ~j!v鞞Z=},SW`/p%%Ua{--ρrw{߹NH'RehH:oaSXۮ:G}WLsU|[-)[F nmژ%hCP(0|{B7Ο? >x={7=QƊ s>o-|;0YLm[8)h@mUo۷k@>}ٓ~OO1rѨK-%%u|.>ŔB:;: w =wL (Pu>+ppnT/_AT+g[?U9P1 *|-]V >/)zbf]C49(ra?d.O9恈'(#Ke)%G^NI_ȼ5/RbYzꘃ:ɒdsYbe4S<|Cw!Sۋzo( Pۮ<##u 9+\-55یf<6uZ}9eL&zيU { +uDcƌx`YGڑ͸:V#- D0b9I8U^^O\;Ekbl½yꓴ[y =0ԄX,c|tx }Ssk{KxDyoiݪ OK4Dnήi_m8\픠 555<"uT^}v,5حolJWÇCYKxNz'搳Pzo/ˊI[ӕw\U?̝P}KO_أЫw7T\v0wz!.M (>(GANcʗ׷߀tk!w Iqs열Mds-ՉRݻw'(80&numd{9̥.B%(<~B( ǎKg3_\>ald\Xt&І<SYҳ :ztqGuxj`OQmm1jccq_k]/_\nFDzK` *-TVVސ_hsB{f_:\Sg~,5$o+R__|{ x3Ư6_}Ud;9Ԉ_D,'lߌ#2c=ZT tOerů=1!~^#yA˪·{U1KȐ|~-ڕX?ƜW%z<ũE%һ}ziQ\m̟W<.L^MH/ϕ_E,JHL rqv\ܖ>_+Qu쯴<=TZ8={ky=יY$ i~URj*k**.7c+#)"W浪s`~q~%FW_XQ^XTܥO>t(8}2l V$%~={9uk ( ߉Ede $Dn?QV4V2.%ޱi:xwMGO`eaͥd_Ys,X_{HOe_ݛ9s$q"؅zWX>C\jJUw ;yr!4yeF 1ZE|t\p!e-iCdUy@VUXT9`Pv3ލ1"Z #Ede͙HAK¯&=ݓ/9knmˏXz{&~TE裼:I;۵+.!]tߐwjyp{0ۓNMW5]8ޑO6=w6"}YgiZj[F򧡩% pdiCyu*]}񫠠ףN5(ꉴ~wqQ_<ދkXAĎ%XbK`h1E45XAQAP9\'wc?{ewv{=uouӯxر/8X~!~2mhϺ2uRm]]DGG^vbYl[_bȿml<ǽE3M7᛾Tc钥fhF1Fy!췰̞s wIr|I9:O ~Jef%q6$R}ĩIm۴+B z_F_XX=$IуbEJު%KbЫ2:=_@~de@.ʚ1¯dѼh|6lS&''>cT]pN¢d X'1,$iNCVg A5ie{N]^ %Y5lp+-A+hBjK U/k׮*wIȑ#3ldž ɵИ-# A^P_Ix̕hܦ=Tϔ:a{ku^~ 9u>b>j͙ )^z%Y1~F(}sgŭY=T=:M&9 4p}e!ԣ߰*Y@e򡊟4'vgp̳g\*z]5fDc^IX u ^g|>޾°ÓΝ;7D^PL[|C1>h_o{zSP`0u鹀*k6#2>n]fY!6%bНDbPV&m~/Apvԥ`k͊8r8~" ݓ v={ӳ0v"̝(Val'۴yDϧ؉٠fyHu Pe@ ~O%)ʀu@=> _]v{ֲ2 BS^> weR~}w^`Y~mQ>mmU(c\~V?4/pZf_o((^A!䉓>U.hlR ,(625Jb鷝_׮UZ vmE\D 36"]5&/sy\z/ Fԅr `_<N׉>A( z;+V2Znu8yP jn\6V1(vwH+ S߯~z>{CO~yf : (Ľįˌg;D6#A2E&(K^nM@<5ܿ`27 ? [#EdC ˆN6N%br.d;}G_]2P~첽rȰa]s~ 8Q>i_`=70/k>5b'Ps@5zC2k|2xfxyjֺ$!ܣ{̧Os;jK-bnf|nDg1b.TʴְdW@ Wڂy3 H?LDԾ /hkoފ+x×UO=zrmi)~0C];RikᇮCŊY~+(jhtagB>xFcXȰx6d]9_z5&%~¯ GvpPK-> j7,LM+-m[Ua\ ckPbnXղٙ f`x^ӑs *i\^n {aӈs ?WLQ@-TwΜI~# ޕ<~Ixx?3;'kemUzx(JPtc_b# eޤx46gߑnS_E9TkXEm!]d /7/l7[oY)r|x҇k*Y~)ا;~|,mϚ(V?S_Mx.`n{ɥ\}@#]V$GlMʶo!f"mA#C2Zd2Yס#r թcTqvS/U:~%K3 ~M~^`҂sF 2zXRdkj5ǻi?tj0g$ަwh?%З mw's 4v˹ܸ~}!C{{RU6Y ^UE _?yMսV5zN {dQf>eН" _ζcIW^9?OSƮf9OP}^\*͉hOy sZ~.>Ԡv]9(*ekTAa0WkT~CA‰'稺O_<\k'5ݙ]Ѱ.U4i$vkrQ&`amI-ˠb:eaPx΅ TC'Mż)*, ].-nIec6/VUY~vph+O4~A|l$`9:,̇2׻;woS~0T`[7o|5|k(jkjs4g1hmYii>Rwoا|$$܁{` "s㤶ׯ[QPP"vEm`|6=,7ȗ!8|xxyݏ~>@#_դ>& " >MsP⷟پس3w7a z~a56Þ_}(Np- bQUqK1++ٺ3UGJ f7.#VnKe+-^9W:Ts;+=iUw㘳'XE\??eܧ"># _h[whce#6kШpݚu<́{zm$-K&O#.' म ]|S衹L#uף5矾tu~:'zUlc84ٟajCC4脓D'O{Nl%{- P2s֞{:YAYpmtwWmӊ̞;JF>czyNKzJU&JgוB:Ɯh|k\)I]OSOTU++p%<]1Ϟ;2BrV=Hvxźu2ʹm_Hn<5!À-gX1&n#/7_4I<(F;}\MVY9Qkfwz 'Li{;6:o߱c &ݘ.cSu݅lA㋸4k hpgO>yvC>% iůORNė ɀ2 cȎQ@-V)_q _hK2`;O Jdز:tbLn. gev q4|WEM*i۬n2E_WuNZݿGwϰ{֡W~ Wb,x9{vG'y [à&LHx37@~jKB:DN5xzO Q OQ+mAw/w6q=ϰ.co%lCY׍7}ƞ إ:8spFީxs>z^%6y^ڦ5Fn-KRj?v޺M#ȗwm3#fr_ rXtڼqN5.W&۶m j!TCh;g8<ywoQYt0qᇭ{ΰn6~t$׳E}< b1ueJ5X_DGæ#^2vǷ\u$*~F k=a[nwa:u)|ar03 c@ꆖP#c23쇹l) ј۴/\Əi8axݬY.+|Ã{N#1qXBSOy\߶Q_ Ԧ0PSK1 A>~V:P&xLtdzgl8!6 ]{4V7/ Ϗ3 Ɪg$w{Zpa' h&= kׯ}2a̸kz:f(0!ѣ׮4lK=qΛ׬6s̀-ȜOG7J.JgX +aT_ڎ ]fRD7JoY|Ŗ:u8}qY5.[{s~߽T&C{*__θhH5'bmW뫊_`*< ⎄A oGjk zsZ6(??}!u^ a;67]ٳgL@Nm/-ڵ2$%,qV/g㻓j*~]8_2˃^b c?sQG_LFsc|'[=u{QpAF: P8[^n4on07c Ij^U"~Y̛W l\q@.sgA|bkVTUn;}Lz5׸t.؆GG[Ʊڵns7R3et Z eu*5iW ~1 "ےY >CV]$;I~vTja!Wi.4_Iuj0,5qkQ:9=:?Ǟ҆{#es)+ʏulC=KkU\:sFU'O,%j `o6UEBt"0q<ෝ;usx+n~a%KN6U_e<@canl,Z#ۋ$ys~bƠk$UY0*џ\^^e2On"AFţ,uQ#brs n޾ħ'LNL*G4g#}| 2`q"QفXvOO.v<9+ꗶ<߮ P:92M$\(.`FFҏ~Eké¬t KEaf[&M5{sAL5wGN(z3w>vX\!BJ.7?bwc*,ޱP`įV6bкEfdf5t|Ḿh5`9'9uWeENe!8|ɥY m׊J.޴Z (O&Q R&<.xV%SKTk;rMOoVy:5DU>vYc8{9| h'^KL#Hz!U?JMUƂh_V \Uh]|*?K1Յ k^{DUʕiЃf/}u `g؏Uj֤9v?3*witEc2 P#Kr5Ӓب+dSqUO)~a$ulOR[/У<b71)w;LO}EEE;k)7+bg\U}Dr❏_;DSjLB<CVkz%LӞg:\h-(- {CezxaxȆSإM}ʮX8O߫*8 hD'㠓eg5ũ'q)4“_b7x\w>D'Jܺxey@^(. ci޷wzuK*$m8f˅EPϳ]uʜ?݆G]*MR>IIq1kebF"1ϟ<5.ED5-Stvt̝wYa ͉h5h_Yitt!"]`oT%X5Dyɚ2Wxoqq}z,v>p byݺ BvIx4/=;p/2!,4PA:9"0'{Vش^2¯W0/u2)O5G-oTw*s ??#xuŀw ^ O?Md?)mHb ׻ m ݇ $ \& EE_! a5Ν0aH7*'W{AֆL| r*Ie߀~u^_/r+W|hG# |{W?찈ۓ</ddTx, {=``s~_o\K>Dnb>ܫxDFS92m-G6zw=zt癊g|ƎoJ{o__5<[Łoؽ49EQe552pm[D`~Q#F-,,Lw7V_ȩ(iW.U$mYak\PB&kGVo|i9z8_H7*e!ݺȷ)`0~gJKe1qҢ"n*Ww}A &;LWmyGrˋEXr|<8eF[us!KvPW=6bj3EAѝ7oMB3&U~w,k˯{uBiqU42D-퇆"/zA9?>ibϞ󇛛`"oU \;u7 ЧS[kژIw.uR+cqU F~'½c-WgZw~P*=-4+r0#;O13}S * 3=-Am6QdɾCySUZL<Ϲ^8~`Vmrl@eeL法-siz1HnL_nLǪ}b1Wl@rv6)~xMH~<])P&|&%hgƃdVwb"mKՏY_PٳH MTᗃ#9|Q!|c߭vB-tq* 1KP_/8%'2X S}[eFEz&edsja0ǔ=k5yQ\&tEP_uR0?yw(/~LiRn\2-m9t$1|fQlgowqruϫaWgWqٲGht /%ɑ#6c 1k*[/~#Bx' +;ϹYt[?c@lۚ~-_qK}@ )Ċ Zr鮯>?Lp&l3 uln ߞA~F[}td(-[~)4o]E;,,(ȱ#-PGsgiw-ϷJP k'R1ӛOs6u.=C:g5 TقycG1c?_%X[+ {]hqk.7O6xn͝ï#o.~Obr Zsbp`,jGj) (/Uu j#`_WFEE؀Dذqg_xvyhN؏/0 c+lkycԽ[_O٦k64oFgۃ5A)Ec`0U\rGa>[M=oSR<r>À֩cifѳC6tAkNr8ef<j}yvYzTt>h@:f24'LJqsr@}eef PCs 1Nu`b^d5kBB{ ,~8ɪ*jZ|^&vWlIƥ"+%n-i3/e8jjGӐN 9vӊ0 9;:s.I7Su\/Gc/I+y)h)錡yZY^}VDE\m7P\=ۇIX>G{cJUer qF|U%ϟ=,6QYZX¾羘;/_ na-.;.G C&CO--_~SGZ$89{ի\xq0zyd\{t$ݽd:M??ձ#ܚ5)ÀW81bT⾽  ^0w@S򕛛&vrpRa`=]D;wSC1]`iW~9pxSkגpyx7fϻ &=Vq=y0L>'9O}g?f`1U εzQp8pÆS 0`ŋ &z15muǃXqE1ܚm\Si{W/wesqbY'IwCT=#T.&ou˖Ձ5(u0DŽ#s #FtKNIS'shxܦO~7:V<ҢE B^X"+\Y{ŋLnR>/"O&&Wv/O?-3ƏBPp1hŭ$pCLz ?+wV7QUptwΙ"7'tǯY3f]}Ukĉ 62/!~uڅ^E+.C/ÿ E}s-/OMC,z+>~I z蘡i_olX.@9CNױMڮΊz7>n Xu?v/zmm22.kH_"\v1V-*+fޡZ:M]!9M?t؛?zZM3q@:T7bXM_?~o~9=+i sՁ_o IA+/=NkgS?ıDt_߈u I"/#MO{WWEŗRJDJ0 TlWĎs]kYk` "wa0(3w{='7,]/JFi|&ު?0RWHʃ67nINf?ٶ}"Rx"㧺>##…AжFe2 cO:ē*l;NGwwŜ>F휛!n GZse{rƙSܥFER=ښcD{H˩On\rزmm+UWٳwǏ1þ+de׻w8(DZoZb'{e=߼uKeoǧ}sWw)~srv#k~C?Zqs6&zÇ{Y<t. ݴ1U5:&%51ل//k8y}]ݼybWTSdžy-(UUtRZf|JjQ`ͬsUTْKhhZ(M !TQrsׯJ>/l~ &%֝wgids6ZTν Nce Oc#I-15/Z.y`y 'a,ɐg"OHFƋPFQM^*(wMj׶]N~ 51cFFj1mIk֔43;;T&#RSe6}zqc\9BWwmΙʬkiR0k-i,ō<^e{ᕜ6aaz葥c0>gUQ%sWDD`7L /f<@ 0P:D"MJ㑑.nHYхܥƢ:zЀcjv b.Kl_ }єH$zY9Y22_?3+K:Nk$ǹM<5H_aOgaVXuB9/ȯ31}Ƴym۸~)3~ZODq=:~ԇ{\D | DOȽfˌ[a٫auaWݝ۱cG}Ysۿ? 2,ʲYe#99V.212ͫn 0 +&~i9z/3kO:I ~3ўII&ޫ 磉 p]r #3-Zg4=|^ֶ@ 5~Ѐ-jb6c'=dۀ#GW$OaLxm eAiѿ}O<7ivL0;鬨/.m\7S@sv~ѲPgFj{uf4Rf"ᵫЯ2Ɂ-{%\<m<1Ń³0ihS+ֵ[ę3gA6/se_ =xSF,j.fanq`:yr2Q?\yVTLL"_0y⤗HGVHvcoEM^+C.v i6ZZkrR'_5|#35jg;:G_gnqTSL#(1eW؏GlVe 乺XYӖŢx/E9|hIM1?x6YKzt<&E+LT21YDK&vM?lXbA};ֈAC7۰+.8Ϲ>bݺu~Ç w+0`c[دo#U! C|1#Ķiռis<6n5;+)9QҌ s!̢˵Z0 3ͥkÆ {˙̯C%~Ӹ0T􉠞1&r^;俏|'Xd'dG^LDkS. :z0x?ވ3'#ܗ}﫚|U}\LV/e_N|7Q]ː5N=ܴW8c 9>sgLIMK[@,2#ϸ^}ێÀyG0T2P~3Ҭ9K16J|. u/I4t~ԠE8-[{\ׁgl _ɒO-۵nL ^1cc22Һל\q?}ҼUwdTN6{iJ/_ ,|aL0።^vZT3~eeIlx1wKzt#M~˂N"рm8VPD>.i㦝tNb=:}C|m\1@WڸzbU97b*an,XvDBk.]2YT^3~qr$=Y tAJ7r]w'?q0ڱ>_7xײMVy˕_C1t<۶mO0N*_ē?wiMd>Zl _P$!ouǯ!_ k"戛д!犇QE ԵczuEEX|qIT@Nc<B^QY\֩sΚʰi\[9eR]Ƅ_~ K'ǯ^`Յ+Nx9`|N O"WD,61q3P Sڈk׬ xDZou' [kUVElĊM`ͩf͚Q]\U>d87.nI&Ԅ2\Ki&2i W,* Xui kŪ~UIL"&&'H)^2k^)1txNHF"\^S%m;}?/լ>*4~o=VR9SxuCZjFVV*~Do} i:efP$VYP$;lذPo7P?$Nk'cǎ>*r00b{UftX h !~4td,S~ٳP1~ިٳ+3-IX {7=<A;{o*~) < ~1NzPs QmVT_)֥Eu,ϾE{jFk\ρ{iD|ϖR2>&`D*M233۶o!/k'UU_]1Ÿ^B>'-)I%W2 Ikݻo33C/^,w5:_:yF&Tj|2@:f/n"~v8C)3gUEk/ZJ9Sk @DJr`-DI|,SWeshhWM879Uȫi.BH/.6ֹVoDx@*-Ž+R/I2~֑#G fbW\ke%99ٵmgB(S)Y zGܜ# {+_f_p8&N<{6sj <l@~l baimɕxAv/r&܇ha)~|>nipȟW=g@]iʙ.Wi'̪2dAQ:Pc oj@_j^ddd52h;:m鉓'vy_%lW ^b ¯~޿gS#~Dn=KOǏHO?oJB}ɤm':\vܺJul[j/;(O>S oo&GN qo(L̙P¾.#viÞ_aI"\-} 5/e 5 fuurԩ|uCsssΘyKOGWFHƠ'N=\sF@ BBB Rp7a„HX϶/OvsCYSV5k{-ǎ `e#o(6Vԍ>g)=8{[.2ah[;|=M};Yb+㗩@许GE'SƝW/'thٚ k-159~=vTM[N۾qQΫ1Cu&o#{t-rhwIQ{EzxLS'Om-q魟>tMMKo>;T|74K\"jY0JR |U04aW;<կt/{C̡-u֭_| گC^Ճ+Ǯ/ẕ?fA)& ыJAaO6wi;wN1~|Q?}f Xܳ f5ν0?%zKoxFq]uH8v!gRhF\h {ecv[[!kWb:T y/v5y/5 V(E.^G]+>5.2jjT JLJtߺu]fZA\֚R\B\=i0֯{{ts߶ĸVxRBGUm-^ 0k`{ytNNNn窺a>CrϹy"A1ڔܰ0KگzԼ[I daj&>q<b[Ώ={׮SƎ ԧ_0 ,~έ;O6#x˖-7x [C*jI2, Txu-VzM+}rΝvud_*`wqnUv;d׬j+q))o}LERRR` MVf-yumHd1n0SܧɀU<@,_Rqοn@߀ZzJ7"]{6126w8w~ 7ozvGHPӈPK/D H|Io2'˱9ym]{ǎ#LגKoP`@OWO'8==^U5KVZs [_n=\CkGݸycЁwT0~<#]]ڧܹswu7gjEOKA|-sE &4/>  O:k'B`j;AF `W@ٙgc)I2L 0,pW;%9wQ#2Y5#~gj|ɭBGo奈l<c*|?-MB"zZhڔ. 8-#8e1]=']]°K}Td7o݀*[zҜ}3?9U&otT-;e7'19sRSSzyG4669*&YTߴ.z ؼpCBF MADE첳ϰ0|I/N捛dn}gUm{X뉨w(.R{s؟t%uu?itug0R/pwB=کs潻w@2RcÚZ~CMEaaH뗯ҡ#?l`4vղ+Sf*o˒ "UZ!k{sn uWinDTv.iD>[ZXI^t-_h_.}!`eۺk XȁהYۦQ,}c12v!~l K *M^̃zz @+g%VqB{<2g;n1wʖ8:k6iO0>_]yܭ[9&eci#u, &K}[y@W_'oVUruaݬSWϞfjWOޝ*ekAC5א?_>lŋ@]8npyz, c]\t`tBa| ;aѯoMjAܱsF}ցS>~DtH:ň]>dEB!"U%r~8i!_ dV~\*2Ȼϵ~k҇0 m=sO+탟<ӠXתs J#b5` }.H'?~-[E`cMKKgntܯmᑝ˲`~=@222}bXvk]4ʲHL9EŠ/Fw/ 熄Vji p-t^]`&+ޏV:}#S?eee=8J`.Zjj/[8O 0#PbyРQt9h[iBB;?,o`7z|̴L]vcMݒ\;ejvm%wm]huf^}ކbj3mD}ɯkv=6eoEM<nfQ~xuW/[~ r$rXKG6aڴ T;Cjun,k''d ulrM 0O taMIJt':Vr{:| >Ckr0x>uXygr7L| 8xHܓ¥ 'ȨݥEOhz#RuA[E^Қ h6#_x5__&h |6tJNKL~ceg۬[oKkռ%Km֮Uzׂ֭OKXLl 5䷒ ]qejLjX^ZYS_^v_޳'ϧ6ql<~;(uw=ܺW`h2=H/?Z?D>MM11g9~j#߇gu0]v b (Ŷψ_ mȯCz~E_C 6휚$%r|ܠTm KSGw:|6s)|1OU|Z ==BRRs\aCKs߲SUyTo`]``ۼ%wLWOj/0Vѣ͌XxYrjBܒ܇>t ۾gw HB,I>Dfw~#s݈^{&'2hIjZbjk˪_4K~ǖ@ϱHחAglEKgֻb1~?bP \vcM;ym7Jv)@c\l*+1љ)XB!)P_׳SS5KGf&fիV")&$&>|xb` Fc ޲@N7xMyBOB2ңK0zio([fy7T@c#~}^ Uo-}@I0lĈtLz_jba^!Sӷx_hҪ~еuf*1`>G_ʡ/OUOtyzvwޝ /,/~ϕbEk}c+*\F_ߊ﬐5cB:QLr?kيe <$ec߿o| {5.&%% 1l߮?B1SoGg*7oXw9uu1aٿ_d6%\}܉KWoy%Obs})m\s`2gܛwn`,zy5vjԩI>صg=7ŋLm{;.G{5FcDņ{o1S֨ 1{Cl^kD;8`۽y=ٹ]{uxCf͘'}f /Z^q=^b>apNn 8%Jaaի3Pĉ,-׼4pɺ2tNz^z~ٹNFnt7:<=|ץy|@((͇$oQm̞sUKSK\G ju+#3NuG)~XANGq,W,_~d,Buae adV 知fnvskzirU{ &(a˗-,k s:`x a!/Qz,+z7˪woxnQ>޽{Wuu5z<{aNt^b99Dn=r!UX,&] PS 5;EqCZawJ0K' px>8V`6pF˯? Zz4ᆿ|MUޑރ䰀KahD0K$,Wk3bc{|׽g-칤{Z7j wMa0)%_y~~~s:k XHINnۮG{כϞ:=d[qْ aaeY 9ݤ9ɭ'?zbj jh8pp11^54;+ˑtZR> DZH.W-XϬVsXT89 ce᰸nkZa,CcrE۶o; kZ jQh7|oj#)7p^ddɧ]eC9LaXC? jM50Jʜ0H(n\1Ѧ> kol"}iQm y|Ss"Eu\٢8Io ySV5EXM00HGdB29&쓄{,XxFVr葿//[CN?&(/[lg9 s8n8t&I.bŋ{pڇ 2C]xy;_ kM-{eD(0&/QNa5lHP>VQY m6췌#x K/^[)YپU0K %KJFc^4&aׇah>G:zJLLt @Wՠ©_YECGaK,%KsXև|aL_cjM.tOI_V߾NMKOr(l(_lѭ_ä0n}}%9D^"8L^}u5.)B9nÆр:\=ކ-[`?C]EOmT=>[_e%rҀsևaLD-[~'SxM^}uUo{5oe-}-D!1];tz|N}6'6"pSڀ9/(aW,Zf(,+Y/Qa qXͰbS!^o1:Pq/ϗ_. e1)Idyﮰ mrrxNMo8/Y#ü2q܈9p3t9S][Q]uݻ~[3vx]zo#a˖&ƙ8p 6aJ۶a/a>wgeeӾ`5$X1\Yäs:0eɭsX)k7Fh>f3˥X"plxm=n홆c@l-,W/^rڈլyBNxsTY :C:kS08l0+u:#8 uH_GOoQYZ.J{ʖgXg𷞹f.QsW%A_e?~fg,KNGXp>LHDAlп{7L^}EBZe = ylM8/`eC?yAG+ OI%Y9+aL^" 7߸P %lMmɮٳZZXc􊌉obIڙq /R狶 ڤCS)@ }2qN%C IjNSH5C0γ3s )Z¥+V rB U_V_{kU]/8̰4C? = a>v=Q^RG 1ZƯ=õq.h(ɣ'a/8m#4S~q q]7 >D=y,X[>|d۞vn[m7omiҔTSNvYǟ[O[Wy͘8*OkO:SMI%҄K2 Vy Y% s: %u%oNix|woںm~߅7sH312޴"mHdjl*rwݫwJڵxHVE 8ۚ_PhihmښڢλYPPP>Hq:"Y,0(⅋\,178gK ?5?|M.ŵ'>d|1uv>޼y]PGߴo,~wmx!n|Ä1QNhiiMK#nxPw\6t֥';ȣ7h!#=v45Dfdg>ڥcdUy½6ntxÐ!Coq8D*W9l;;}{\WYjl}<<'i5z䘧 *"6e˪DZ!#s]j~EIV&YuRb=:u~'KsCcc.ak̚}cw۸r]6- 32$Z]C#֌Ok&}=_&<<{t):tJHJLjIz^z$}4@q=U\llϜ>SԘQC=Z|Y9A9=WHy,(?LBoݸiG>MP Uh' sߧpWPH9 BU<#ρcn22[(YԖbAr,ܺuk}}{95v+x'ǒ$r˻ڍqHuFJJmӘ\yؓYt5L=G6>ݽ{w8$ xfPfMF!&'/x#p<"#3A=EŜS;~Z8N/'v9)X c^32;vY(atN21բYt;6/_K8W~b}r99EΎl)y<[]eMzGCƈ3ڮV~KMⱺ/7Ua}z_I$LV-&ssE_򈿪xQ~mYSpӞx7qwiHAUm'M6b55 :Z-Ie"f {-毁]rpRVJBgbB?Һ(nrJrMBrrh RUg'H/< (qsÜ'l௾s1vmw9_Y Do)zHl \BUܐ- jV u"1~ yl+idZQUѹ÷%/3=wB%%'y)W5NEFm?.:U;O@ۚY;{~JmGUn=r݆u"s=zꗅ&3oܸq[y(u/_Ҩ+=@qq#4=+˶<}O|غ葜[\.8\a%KcG+-G흊 ǡM=2h?Rl^uv43#cHĵ:ʎݻ C%j&%'4oGJJASjVc?`½$/Ok=)0Լ/N¼6)螒vQ+[~ݖTRN$0pMF>)5Zia?Õ+W^ђ1m̧<>_sJ5\IS ='v%ǠEM;*!!wggm[n靐R5ҹK]Cx5Ԗ>ԟwudyS#ѥF)C=ξC_wqSyZoA,Bw qsq-3vSeGm!,';;zb+̘>cIO53~?-w?''&6=Tӗ1OHh豷 aH^c˖, טZ]5Q}E>RM^J%.67p<HN%yEFF~k֭{􈷶p/B;<6-[@o<ۤ/7wFA cGU>zýbNNB SBG5vrf1~ܳ-6[*'F'(F2Y_-M=&A}r;$}ä?<ƥ4Ϝ`ߛ)c޸|wyUY3zy̌F+ƷmIJHt&SZi8j6puEԃ1ݺ:]OW Wv)QcĜ%SMehpA'止{!9w_˯SS(^BGzC}Ι>Uzzz8,#;r%O.@`il<|TstNg[{>hW[ydz|:xڇvwGy2<$=MD zx9bwpE'xpgj֒ka-/q̈Q㣣[~ʧE |bm[k,KzQc^EEE ,s^T\LtSׁv$quGD.-Ԟj`  x/-WÜiMI]VY]`mum[yonN4Na6Ϟ]8u7؇"1ؘ߫ؖ^#mLqע0\[w1G6gfC\U~>k3w@; GԡS4,cTg˷o{4o!ޗ]WR}mJ]XoڼpLB|GLהj'b +<ⱞhw_d8AĻwx*[:fؼi .O9+"11y0i/ں~^E:OGJSﲝ?sC!etp9m ڴu6{o|x tuo}pҩkG)%Vg @7ߎ]banh?|* x</8vF? cg]v}"GKFjcIBf<{һ"mӽ[996zk,)_`L`Ǐa_2sK9sGww{ѵB;pxk:6!%ٸ۸slrC8s?Av.FQzzJwZ¹ 5 `nqvt |k'' VNcOvʅ&p\ZiE6d#@+fQ+]њ_֞Q}#7YOϳ=jlhNnnCKǎϷ26KںFzBy |G%8\' xl+ Jd aN\"s+ b^;nݼ=foIȓpZc3U\kq&yo^]U͛M5Β;[knNU;dg,cpݯv*YԞbmͶz}7o=vwvsf'h˗/ji/\)L:#yV?y ~тEru(!yl#}ٿo~XU{A^Vʐ׶ݻ0g9Tj=ކߺuzGuEV6 W.=~E6[Uۄj&N:Bf]B;vڢw~EG[k\:8GngR[j L&TXgˡTa. mfF`;XƳW;ban|'xtֹsg؂L!/^8FYϤvV ߻k$x_qK7Pl?{Ye%(JIJJvVaz3gˡ56op\Ge;K60@P: .g%zyze{ҟ/OWQ |˷[Jvf 5u!'>fUܨ2݈_;޽ et&.Idђ3|_F3gW 0`p T ں-PW֙FZƌ%"y9@+(,xzE c_7"%rc <?$U?axx~_76mpí:w>2v(ׄrX,])ή{#+!vWˎ7"*(___殺MrX,cƝ}&~kr*26w۷XS 6tjqkXNo\P[G*~80%7Tڽkw oNNC)H/_ɣa'~65clʧO8?oПL 0b"di5s KApiq _=def*&P2ן͘^O`k^^y:t[Pz:}gPٯZgշ韆x9ս 5 m?OݴZzXl7@3ۘ}~d 쌁{t'dQe.&:#%~nuxoYֶ_Io7@!͙: h\p7%'Otuk&hOm곃o 뾚t~:-C˖nyĩ0ߗb!^)&0pV?xj*'_{'$1Wt x~Gv0@PU degy -mޱc7:2YVbù-Z G߫V$$'!c :~b = gjh~Gv0@Pa =:#瞱]HȐ֡гO8O։3Sa 5v~7x3,o WE{nN߈1ao gv%53=CQϡvf&E̒i\TWֻ ` 13flni)).cbcnݺM&3@^-ZpϵQV;w35YFƢ$ 52Ls@ecQ׍kѣGc˴Qx9fϝ[QٿA'o߾P߰ؗE|۽;vlc5( `/#O|ȹ![Qg#=(1nݼ=ɓN! *aO4jy+.NO< 6sW<_qrk}l>i┇0&(l!~Kdr]vZe y܅C={c;t`}DX^Dr^^my9a0( ̚:&氡l B@]3=쒇w-ccc=V:S'9Tثo7' j8Am'Lo&1?ܭm9↰ڵNzRӦL1u3w/0-:I0иp;KkAqjeVTD7tr:^XW,X Z=Y֢o-ΌO3١CKVt[=xk}"޾u~?1l#D=v_a 3bz+"J |)6EHhѵgx@;w!:u*SsKSXtLT$Ug[twIybkō vv<Z4kk҈Z|c"[Ej>r2y-չлSvbMA{l562`W?α ^{Ecm_7hY)+Vȵb_ߘ9|2|;,I̱Fm;vm[y&16Fp2 ?vhգ߫oxVF8ϟ?2oμ+n \_1FҟgyVPwޱG%;'֮O }g$OM֙]䒎VBKCS4qڴ2*xv{f"]9.amCia9朄ڇVc:DGE5|«ׯ;}{!>X ?Iƥ˘Br! X,q#B0 9H0uA8&Kwnoom+UDk$+I|H T!?ujqծ7qq^)''ucF=mxv8$ '@rJr뮝:amt .^В3Ӣ|"踸29" b@m{6< bo8(91ɽk1|?}j4# `ݻw4Keߺvc6PGjMkFa"0,V^}Yy,a0@ TɼEbsά _LVO?k4,>:O%  bNpBA<#7Ϯ#~33sumM-qΆ6]Â!WzQ,|@m=Mf ^ԦMaď',@Y0ۧC:#Yg7{-FF& 3ѩey>]Kx% b^}zgz0bd05V|Ll=0WyԼceG a0PQ zk?/3?$$dv|ڟ..7",/e#^:O% `N8 S]0|2cY޿`*87 3(h'/5a0P! DEGw' 箐L9_BƮ~37ḇOɩ)޲xx0@ *Xf叇u` 嵡qr#YFEDne$&nhkiͿ~ھڥia0@Mi0 ׆yBdݗWԂچijMʮ+m:O% a 7Q-\t%ȗ7}p&9B|/ ]\S={U< "lj<#$I(dF̬,%@)HLUcAqCՔӧ\jE"ycx "09cw{]`f|3w9ߙ=?6}UD0 0cހv~~+׮hszG6dl2zB~t|RBA}̛ù l@eL뉌Ld>>Ȗ_U<snko@|B|ФRSSsHnx<hIa[oy]L {x¸!ΫT>bmmz3E̺v.\F\n~y~zz2_^_^3{6dhLmS8806000`-~icېΗ7;Oγ]U^ɌY |qb~00*)|9~"Siii[dۗ27 dk7l?m_l[U twwO *=cFƲ?'8l\I6$Lef׵~$~00=ݒg)ϳK~5 yvIܛӡEL3I~6WQϋa``WGrߖBsC{c}b¾900*H({b11ku~-546̝a1~BoN^۾؎&u {)Jܙmlh|g"鷽%Yٔu_o|6`Ffҹ.}/z4)}}_ܾh7 0 }b7l̕8$s=boo6C޾hC! ȴ<@ޭ[BоEhHFͧ>DYިp>000\mmn;ڑA֚PYEcYCs77$)Lj#3$ۘLkƓEETR^Yp?00l[EFEV|q9O*}%$zyQ=m 0nz99ywc _~I>Cֵs-~-t+ǛrM"ea."|7ʃ)HnwN̚"^tq9u~Խ :I\]/\Ql.c00,BÞzV1פƓm'.]VS9^ `-an3ڛjN1aBa4eZ̔LQɠݣQSu6tjki+I*WlT(!]NZ(ͧcza~M~+x\ Y։險.8803Q\"]{`@k[*@^0Yo%eOj*L$  '%'e3 &o~?8(d匁fj;"~- Lj֎?_ |4yrE_pve(``MKMW_ΗH_ɿ5w`@-~Pu(}a_7!ɯ:9$$/VkpFܓ'c$bb&֊`?1%7wABB!?Z į@~ooˠA01>u[dOb<G9#11 @IIYش)м/Dc 5!j㺺WWA'ZMRxUMՉrv_ 5_tǣkrMh+}>LIcK{cck0-`4g@"nٲXOZ׾_vWGmmױ֑EEFV=k00Ӏ~VVvZ:;O:;;}hx%ԝu.MKnq\q\a(_imi5x̿3~GҸ_ʪuօ4gGۢma#:SO~1פu}΢vP!u{Z>LcQ00pJA̸_4'+z̄YWsqxXg `2}Cf\źH|&&&hlxDGs8h4ROɣ#-00۸jWJyh 31H׮\Myyy0,]§c};21ňd>05[\ꚚExI>7!2hLs}ĵyg w+U^,VE!ΙsRm~8/ctqp">?&^̣G>?yegFy~ >^ݟz!ٟV\KL `0P__>&܌+պs3PWfLrƓ<29O#WfBXJqK]Vѫ +ʟ"/mԁPnL:tǏztѹ4n)_bo=}h~̫6'++V=~;880Lf|~={/6K+ h]&1JG7mAeei%ܿ6c_FBSS?߂}1i}K_iQQQ #rvt98?_އowtt '/ 1N0AɠH$rimiuuq\::.b88O?hLKK˒<\CT\Dd &<[[0   # A">\dob6px[X.\4@=\dob6px[X.\n }_%[x ?$)QY#PoE٢]RM )i%[I -HQRhU*MZy;s;3=tΜΙ׼>%..,*ڮ**ttQՋj=]QQ3TT",9TQZZ+ -~TQ-P7RwOdϵ^E %Jq8[M;){BqR~ſDQW?i(ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (ŀb@1P (@1p}߸qԩRJ*VoŇpߘ1czǽ}Z?@Æ ?ZxV\eV6m^|y?2dvr7o>-|P~鏺}ŀb J k,kՎ; keп)Sel?@* terеA {KUp=s[\吊U7l}F1СCY'NOb:l`N8{2CV^K!n$bNxV9b7:+nCIV/吊Y7l}F1ТEWC*v]609M74 UY!0#C* t09nJpHS*T\aC+6M.PM"vΊlb e˖Nuwg\{f={OP (ĀPa8ԲqÀ!7:gժU{ Zs_#$^޽8t(Qc@WxgQQyP pH7 ֭[ϟ\]tEw:/(1/3*吊(qe+ↁL8ҥK;̓sRNfϞF8SzOb@1m (Tecb,0gԸ$7pe˖7O>! 4)yP D·U90jja ɹ8NlᆄzN8B7SsF1{يŨ+㄁L8$O>w;I~| +Ty8~a]w[ꫯe>k'@\0R,j=q@&rvXfU_uU# /${%Jli֬kklr~xLnذRET1 (T,4T,(b ]YR 3f8tҿ þ}?2dP8\~_pl @02^CC1 ҏZjRʺ=zL` }݃[j5䈕+W^?y.?'4jhFBd.6u<!u.\ ̤I{w=\8gΜ֭.֯__yuWM׬YSM L?σrH:W|MvMvvƷ ۏny::Q`@9. iܬ7caʹoڵksf^ %n(ð8dmвs3ϴ !|o1cz)SfR]c 2jԨ~WI?R?88@~b@9d~Wv:ɉ/֯_i&Mb'\|N3ҸI9d z_1( (,yce˖ݻwh–-[N͛˘8@޸p&ݺu{NӦMٿˎf|Z9dcscP C* & #GǏ};hWV9d15LW1€rHŇ>Yr]Gz֬YGC̘c^ c|< |E*wCT1yG(TŌƋVL־+@?b! pn]fYv9Q6Ohcc/u[9b:_0]ĎDҌuP9qAqg :RqgjݼirH- z1AB?rH3~&a?we.iTVm>|┟!u/ս͛ϗSs吺&gZ,u[988.wi˄^g\+?$(:S.B1Pro9ηve2 3k6{.tO9d~ib@1`c@!66wr0_Vg[͛ˤ3?N>6p[S^!{:~@&wrHQ&8Ҵsy@3_~k:ҿ|N;)n(~F(ƀ+C*ֲ5?Ci7(Qbc=-HO< d]@dɒP1uwP D+C*ƣ9Gyi’%KŽ?Wen?d!-ZtS96ϴ>eT9cfc`˖-%w>Q浄 4?oÆ 49y\Jغu9[i3}rͥ/C\: }c}U#cׯRJgNR[1( (,q\|_jG ? wq_>(޷`J9dabK_C@b@9dᎽz+իԩ|V^]36C`B*&吅1:uѓ|zG1b@|=SO=u b_}]E믿JצMv<#4&lLi~|€rHs>Yg͚u4n~pueg̘q̙3ۭ\ :ZII1!L,lz}ʾǹq[9$_L (-[O>yZZ?][€rd/T@NQrʫПG ?oxo ֭+ҢTۯkb < ( /ڗQc࣏>ovN1`OgO~,3|Xd+VN;ߜ?u*R +Xб辵leB ow$?MwQ8:ǟkE ;q5Zl+?:(b@9b(S ix`h„ =+Z%qg/aҥ|Tv3J3-{1}}XP/dK7nXJ*5k\]M-v`,+ʽO>dQ>_| }su]/m!do-HWŀ吊zL<&<[1qvE5Jy '<+ [/Og6ӧ]ic1YS6lAۣ9YhXl"jܸ.~^|\dH={ev~o/jg_7믿`ߺ*~0jժ=emR/2s o|.d}C^}:qd2=z`7eʔ2Oӆ7Kˤa@9b6inŬiѱcǩ7[@O^{p~ol_"={vN:i:=p'iӦ m8A~G)^tEwIqŘG!c@9⿐䶳ɾ&<+V]wE8%&_ڏD|*U;-<>ԭH_q L{䇮[~ë%?BAM}P Px0ʚ5kȑ#.~_۴i3[m_'\~|tߞ{jb"e֪Uk;Kg?ԅ<묳r*7= uBV4o吊}?ǷC=t\p/OA^uU#̙Z-l8B]z饷 GVdI1b@_R ?SYO=orϿNiI+W֪ZZI;b-Vh֬k.W,wZZ:i+? >pKWN#y )j]vԩS'K5zO?48_v7oޑؤo~noBޟ;vl/d9qncKumWa RqֹtMߗ[?o;IZpwM1;ϸO]pat1S/lK!AO?>sr;2>ȋ\߰^=7~o8ٻH3xFEdǷr?3t!Dna|m]&y!Fg+cy]wVխ[3y͔h╠yhm[??g͚u>>쳺:txZx nyydgfG'!e]v3yǚ0%Bx16Y{kҥpgyæOF?8DݹsNju]礁{;>x,>|Y9yϼӧw*芘ktvl|5j،aÆJN.r~j E!+欱G)6t!5lb3d rزF#x=8gnGz5vڴi'gO9M\s͍.?Eǀ[l*W>()ԤI B?C7O7tɓ>@nn $f pdFB䢫W_'#a1geYdgD?ԕ) 'x3&La2bnેKr.]*8eذa?f:')_{f_uw?c~ﰗ>=0P>$_;4|hԎ7~& m߼4r ŀb@9E/rKS,o´w Lll'}il EqMUg&~B 6 a}T|O~⠗zyO}6s쑤Љseȹ"6+^{&\s1/=n۷h_xA-K4}X=zwNf?s)|4rŀb (g@6aR/]}iGlsn_xus7ani't/,oqcrt~dq.|;ɼ{.t;KSF~r21czE9n6WPEhCk-<~\lf:ݲZb@1Bp/so Iׇ[y79:"3Ӱٗ6 , !5W:goPµM+2g^)odOHkgbO\uo޼|04_ihY\8$ٟ+V^jM|[=-f~/}|I1!a˜)~l ?qf*MyY>5 \6l9.7rtF'?wܫDo  4ă+O83+n6aDW'd`>_EJ;+?;8qHdz^ I?~sa~a)q%D+B{|>[o/0uͣn[>߉os|d,盓}ԏ>J^Lx =_#0؃ykU駟\LeJش3B!L8G؟P3M ^wa(aKnz!g˺w>{r4)y/>vkD][Zt8%0@G?2 A8qH_Sb_l۶K rt.=h){/=hOX3mΜΓ5i>KG\ yj[}n}^ B:9#װlō$?Blt|S# >caݴl t<=:yoG -*8i7祄]TșnkUcr [ʱ2i]wGꇽv&y59$z.nryqS7{;^9ԯ!-e[Ͳ=d| lavU6g;O?븼C^}*W|z6dȐ2#F #2}%lE0JݐU?"6BeH2ِ3Ágsrv͞3,~m$3vnie%[^tòzKW|z=z<vȵw)Nn><%M6]W_m|R7蹹-)rh!I#ЉCg԰foR\xjyf} 2H#3-3=wer6mCq=uqnS|*ad-^{جGd~ݣZڋ0l|e~Qye D&$'웓?vf<ñamN{$~qAWF LeDCU 2^ TGp8/N[o:ῌ3,Yr@uYAK7|2sO>M9$v2ٿtYc才Myf>qzQҳ|VcGIWQ7f<{:5k\^/Q|E_ԛ3mwrm ʪU1!Wrܹ$t GWkI>N!kv~<7qA~ږs&O pkl9mf5ԭ.apcއsc)Zjkotyr}?*i }2%]Nߴ{'o*M=v<`ǎܣ .Ab E~"F\kSCn!]?8k?T{:uzBçW\r;5.?%lt.}j[ď.,ŠfCgN*=(9$OY\~巊Y~5o!.2an`ט8>1|WXy&us ȇ5}g?B;{ 'yފ<Ìzn쓥/<_>nwrHg)c, h+ߓshْfOeWS~ Mv'2 ?>Ht.jkd 9'ǶÒx{KNn˕=h-yS{xO9Eo~ ػ :^-#+O˭QY~Bg]^zȺMd, FNl³QSC;v81}8,n;U971a۔w1nw=62As*JsV+G~#[Hӎ4i$mCďCR/^ԗzv]r&:qѫ.K92lÑ˓qAFKscʕH\ E!S|@>mĎ۵rE+%ȭ?ago[5uW':oyGVzYҞ]_;I^@OT͘^ϔ)SN1VC2+istq~Ɖ=N;m4{#D>J.D<3r7[sk&JI;m'MꍜЌo 4O`'Q㡛lYCDo{G2)vCJ}W֑G7UCu=N n PJcE#01+d| "OBNh)k?`{i߾tis6nURrHRrATIR m[ǿ*yMI^Sy&"^69$>ly]'/·R颈M[3/]373Ν=IpΊ,n_c!Em_>v(ܺ>}7WcΟqܓ3fӰ a]?ȴ2:[#߶%yV5gEQ/ {qߚ]|tBG7W])|S΋'7Ld-4/)ͱK׿ߐv؛ 7k-D.$聚4B͎+Dn =s!gɇ=@|$gcC!Af\LiRt}!dIϛ5yK6!H:gl$+.ޢv)B7I_єn>b7h3ɤL?!{m"is!)w=N,7ȼڶm)`9>6 6l/ iSXaZVJ83Sr!)۴}!5uF.2͝o!`,_Ѝ>}|Ci;C"A|&}|FyFrA27:/}+HyACR7x$fϯСCHTAw3{fr!)vYr>kYB69$!|n#:~d|/{"'qkj׮Ln@u Gd%nV}73OaÆJ*+U!ȝeьmj+Eٻ^쓥cc8tΏ3á$oB|˙þ5-u]})XemKJ~&伞[鼶guYy?G7!6_ LQ샢5Wc{Z+BxmsHWLλ3eZTM}L8S7g QY?}a1R \GyW(_KqɊj,̙ZAԊZٰ?P.2hg)ymC\sHga.8$zRϰKބf^+ SֱouIˏ'ѥ_zLټyQק7}qWK*twn/y*t>L}1M%DI4j}nL^x2: r=/lM9dtX3 Q4Zed3q?G-y!oFd;$rHёG9nSX~3qM'oΧaޫWoֿ|CF;?я=/|ws|w= H7ٸ!bCFs_ytî7{,9kC0IL"IRJ7*UAʪPΪ߲eK yM<O9dS9dc` m2gpԩ񒋅$|5(ڨ29aEfn<uYy.noժ\;!O |OڟޠAA>ϙfz|;221H5ݞicǎS{ւYxcCcn~A%"֭c7n,/^6c%CHږM~K[H⸅<9: +~~*~ F{n9OWk׮*}Oa7#|8{sŊ{űM!1?XT?X<̇ԨQ Y6mڴw`)$qH,zlA6~`ӯ͹ꫯdwc%(~~*~ w֭s Ǐ|4N2?fۆ}Z}2>ꫯ7k\2oZ?hP2??QbIN"-{PQ!h!A13(8$~=(w֬YG#~kG1KKoOB2+WUV,(,L&ZGf0+;o_N"C-'x3_}ŗ;u '0'*:IKb | kdտ ۷o?]鞝ҩS'|gFnj3N2/sNJ;2'zoFOVon}ӽ{'OI{E}]J*m`|UJbrH1OjuLa\#dڟdի) |;y񼋸NMg:m497ԉ#!x͞4O :kV-9+n]v3MY#D.~ᇿ1lذA*&v8L|̘1YV66G吙k9Nb  kde}s9>:l\7jhq>΄ǽ;w텯 ֯_跍piڶmRҥ|uQx,Z@yk} 7oޑIs}Tut~駲GHpL{)S&5K.䎸=U/^~OkdX[3rȫ3MOoܸ|ܞsv^0d='|T'Y[zsKer&X#^qYx%KK@20`<4wy>b<76f3= 6@Pš5kNyԙ}yx}!j|:\}S>!&p%Kvyqr~}&}$A뜌wS1`3mpܔi~oٲfa<3*<̉q]/o+gd2~sM{*ᬳz(SNSN혊"D<3ީÞI/LF޹k5{Eɥ:.iR8HytQ1n9! ǥH%6tqv.CK35 c؝9wgkoG4$}|%#LJ3T_n^\r8G*qOf[X 3\?ׯߣ6;j9|5>I.*4ެYzKij+qL6?,鋚&>!0ul~[ɳ+ن[NzԽOys>t纘9s;Ŗ|$ɟٵ6RciŹ;_(ܑmѐ (,wq͗ qJmnTi'}o_Tmʽ]KOBFy|~4{[j?1yj擓|i&<|=B[nXjKO>=Iz f_=QضhQc>"4fÉc϶ \ iǑO:Veu0^ںսցd^}[FWtP0}۝)3d^zQ$Կ^G_}՗V#n]`ZT;⋯Yp厝_c=Vx~g_Q.qfUjC[m۶N͵{EˇgeАI4kouM\xW/>Aݯ6>wW;]5.‹zi;7޼y/4Bl^>{';G3vaK]tyRsn{Z(?'x#ܱdWV<1M_ίtvR9[u^clذa `^~՗ Evvjɀmo!O;;5O3*Zq+GXkm~ᥔ^x Gg GcSN=Kgm]oq:'?hO?}d\+w=̥QWBΝWho.h҂  vg/[4kŒQ8ךŨq{^-m'cҞZ`ս3Y! YܧO'JɆӽ77}9W9ﰾegn[ԲU8s.ҫѐhIbӶԐuЇMɇ݊+(Oi8|FΟ?=2tТ;ZޑQZZe5\1:n+]|F9EgIk.X[w0eʔr58qh!ü3Fk馛~ug3/[*suk^-?ϧv&hߥ]АYu?uԾ^1q-bGFM}]ܺj=zԻwyZ68’< c2?'35l#y=ΡV+S3R-[As6ow%ծܹk-ɋ_ىlږǺ2:trw O872VXO})ei 7q,n3qkH+׶\|Zð2y{*FV?GsvS ;Ҡ<ٱCLɵDH\=s4{~oSͫƝ_@`DLqGOEzS>4n'ne&pa&}4,%>H+}|ǏYahMK[%5w+}:C8#~뭷厇xJ%knV܂WMI6 (A1 k^(4֨yJa+04u[m tmW/])WFLa9ܹ[QOhrTfHTfkuD '5¬D"L̛7_~]ydk>/v|Gk8{v[yٳsq.OeO~(_{>O#ZZ%Sifqǡ!m,ƴHڷo^)uۣs5D5}'Xc7pbsȈi Qj?\hے80(mK2>D'plteifpKRctm:ʿ̓`+1T;Ґ:uZEC&JE= πk[u>ZO7^. ).mh]= 3JweݠΕqNJ"2T\!*ZnqGC\俨!tE}ŀkt䞚ZhHxf͚6˯|W,`z|Fޮߕr58=e写ı,$)iȀkА~x,;œw>-嚄t\k&^j;(\q|4$u > kѐO cڵueV{uu%%I'_]N4~)'IsA'۾2 IdTiҹ8v]|;rŬE6yZXΚ:Y4dOjK} /x:\XN۟}⫼}SY:י4.]rΡ YyKawm,Ŀ!ǨTJF.Iy$-?ٳg\w/Q@|7dnu&l;$O=.]YWW= # {cxg{+{3J-;ٗMVCjgNZ+o?1e\-l[jq/իWԮ]?9.58f̘ V"2AZװ`Âg}?:uY:ձ'|}YcjZOl:fvVW4d68MkF/"_iJ?iφVZ=cƶU֭k: ]g"4i+k'h~)KƀkkuECF+;Xlߨ3)8Megm-ඝ sߢEN!<ɀmѐ'[eF4$<:cy\>lyؗ]v8pfj dqOw,޾. ]嗭p;u~lqoF4 hWI.:sw+r̙C/_gw4$v% <Ol߈8ڏa dwQ@CɌѐ~2yk'hHG p_4|ؾ ' k'hHؘ4 oDCɀ/Ok'hHx~Om߈,gq ;/ƒ3a7!d mW5o T9″41W7!d MTj ԊCⅽ2nݺ`txmhxVSNА٩WlxOACSibhH?M2NАI-Y$nK"hH?}#O%-MNАI$=0YkА~2hF4 ԺICNАI%pZMА~fF4 TIk\NАIZ9&ݰ[)А~eF4 TMRNАI&/hH?9}#Oh?4$vuGe '3oDC@Զ筝!m<}!А~aF4 j;&!``cА/|ؾ '^N>!rX]"hH?}#O؞ŝ'k'hH$nOm߈]H4$vR O^m߈4SJ4$vR+O6m߈IIJ4$v$6I <&4ھ 'Ihk'hH$鼒>6hH?}#O֤1>k'gu44c0b '[oDC@ڔ,kϞ`\А~2dF4 v4$vΣ07!d J;NА؉v@a?hH?ٰ}#O |=NАߗ P0b 'o|W=p[;AC.+X|`?Аչz/\NА (Ʀl?>`hH?ێ^NА(3>hqЎm߈\[;AC+3آ`/А~7ҿM/ѐQn0hHٵ\ ׽! ,Q>0'hHhHꟶ>\[;AC+3آ`/А~շhH6>\[;AC+3آ`/А~7ҿM/ѐQn0hHٵ\ ׽! ,Q>0'hH}͚5mF=Qc:/^heG 2w 0@C‚c+, !/ ,`r1\\\?6P44666}7̚5kĉGЫߗ_~b~ɒ%{uk-3a>saZ__1;<g4$|Պ=ⅽ06ǏM6k\]纶hoÆ ?4 ]xl'Q޵Ϻ0t=CqmFZhHK* 6€뻥&}va_nݺ2 Sյ^{a˖-?u1Lw >oFCf|&(>!N3!X6ie/SS,?+V۟ ];t谬Ywѐ&_9㐰302lذaN:-uu Ƅ=jժ5m7ne ~nu) 8,\Ni(8ݯ_GKI/vdͿX~BC\ge3fe001"ܸ\W_}d]w}O |=K駟~ Kӧ+,4dU|]qH4$c0?d@>А?,4pƒӧ_>Іwa-2S>Nѐ- f Y|ɓGY(7v5  ~e 0P4d69r VC.[C/,&2cm'p4d6x9SqzOk\͢pٱc^uΜ9CCf`70m c F<=)Va6mڙ.L]<Ր:gKp^v6 ô1Kza !\%44v4}{4d6v[w|hH8)ƒ1VCnvotsӱrѐ`2kkq_@CfaÆt:< Ǐą߷iӦ{Wʯ &o4$Y f .7o^rY8p65kִ i5X ~o2L>äI`3) !7kî暋aLwyU.L  ~rխ!aw @1А`w}ݻw+V?N?:dȐGCf\ug֦8} b .oW[hA|m8'p^h}ٝ:uZja{53bĈ[>ӖaBCf0gАe|2iZ{btiۿQBCf(,dY4$lgiq3)m|ꩧ;~yןu=X0m.um5رc/Ok>H70P)АU)̀Ր&L漐vl` kOԜd%'LH#hHM#nɀ AC\5#.xKVC^wu!ͤۂ&hHx&ooiaj)StNl `Z !aZ4$W ` w8. X 9mڴ3^҇M T;ֳ\r֬Y^҇M T#}ٰWm>'i$0УG$H0I !1I<xL": Id4e-R92-č- $:)4$l&Mdjȹs[˴70D=عhHL" .kɀՐ=\Z$20|!7oE>/҄ 8 `Զm^QK. W00Z[ʨWo%H:DMK{nذaa0`nUn^}iժGm__6 `8. a4d-ھmYGwyg(q,l m9DyK yK Vhttp://www.acs.org/chemmattersyX;H,]ą'c^g 666666666vvvvvvvvv66666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~_HmH nH sH tH @`@ eZ1NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH ^@12^ Rv5< Heading 1 @&#5B*CJ OJQJ\^JaJ phd@d 'uY> Heading 2$<@&(56CJOJQJ\]aJmHsHtHV@V  Heading 3$<@&5CJOJQJ\^JaJJ@J ` Heading 4$<@&5CJ\aJV@V c( Heading 5 <@&56CJOJQJ\]aJDA`D Default Paragraph FontRi@R 0 Table Normal4 l4a (k ( No List B^@B J{`0 Normal (Web)dd[$\$*W`* J{``Strong5\e@ D*0HTML Preformatted72( Px 4 #\'*.25@9CJOJQJaJmHsHtH6U`!6 0 Hyperlink >*B*phVo2V ODefault 7$8$H$!B*CJ_HaJmH phsH tH 8B@128 O Body Text B*ph6oQ6 s~msubhead15CJ\aJ>Zb> ; Plain Textdd[$\$FV`qF ;FollowedHyperlink >*B* phXOX }$ inside-copydd[$\$] CJOJQJ^JaJ hwPoP WJpreview1'5<\q rCFoF ) body_text15CJOJ QJ \aJo(dod townsendbody1256:;B*CJOJQJ\]^JaJo(phHoH npterm1&5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJo(phDoD v`blueten1B* CJOJ QJ aJo(ph3B'`B 8u0Comment ReferenceCJaJ<@< d8u0 Comment Text CJaJ@j@@ 8uComment Subject!5\H@"H 8u Balloon Text"CJOJ QJ ^J aJ@ @2@ GB0Footer #! mHsHtH.)@A. B Page NumberQ Za>a> xyahoobuzzbadge-formXoqX uY>Heading 2 Char$56CJOJPJQJ\]^JaJLOL text(dd[$\$B*CJOJ QJ aJphZOZ title3)dd[$\$#5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph333&& pUreflinkNg`N pU0HTML TypewriterCJOJPJQJ^JaJ  b\pron4o4 b\place156:\]$o$ b\aka1::o: b\ immortal156:\].X`. Z@Emphasis6]8o8 }o editsection7CJaJ.!. }o mw-headline 1 }oabbrBoAB 7text1 5:CJOJQJ\^JaJo(H`RH J/9 No Spacing5CJ_HaJmH sH tH LO12L sH0ON Point Form 26B*OJ QJ ph:r: ]caption17dd[$\$jj L Table Grid7:V808H@HRspTOC 19$ ]5OJQJmHnHuB@B RspTOC 2:$ ]P^ CJOJQJ@@ =d List Paragraph ;^m$** Y0pTOC 3<^LOL Y0Normal + Arial=CJOJQJ^JaJ,, # yshortcuts0a`0 (,0 HTML Cite6]22 % link-externalB`B "F0Placeholder Text B*ph2!2  citation book222 3mainCdd[$\$PoAP 30HTML Preformatted Char OJQJ^J@@R@ F$0Header E H$ mHsHtH6oa6 E$0 Header CharCJaJ6oq6 #$0 Footer CharCJaJ>o> citation_volume16]VOV psection_headerIdd[$\$CJOJ QJ aJ(( M<caption2 {fTC@T M00Body Text IndentLhx^h mHsHtHJoJ L00Body Text Indent CharCJaJ:O12: Nm80Pa2NdB*OJ QJ ph00 Nm8 heading-1-c0&& Estyle2366 Pcitation_volume^o!^ 2Heading 1 Char*5CJ OJQJ\^J_HaJ mH sH tH ,2, V{Heading1S8B8 WQcaptionTdd[$\$JRJ WQin-article-imageUdd[$\$0/a0 WQ imagecaption./q. WQ imagecreditHoH }Ghometop15CJOJ QJ \aJo(ph333,, =*gYdd[$\$(( >3bodytextdOd ~{ whitebodytext[ddd[$\$B*CJOJ QJ aJphHoH ~{ bodytext1CJOJQJ^JaJo(ph>O12> j`0CM5]dB*OJ QJ ^J ph@O12@ j`0CM12^dB*OJ QJ ^J ph*o* j`0A5 B*^Jph(o( 6a1 r@B/B '/apple-converted-spaceVo!V ADgphoto-photocaption-caption15\Po1P (Heading 5 Char56CJOJQJ\]aJ:A:  (0Comment Text Char4oQ4 ( printfix3 <&Oa& (itxtrstPK![Content_Types].xmlN0EH-J@%ǎǢ|ș$زULTB l,3;rØJB+$G]7O٭V$ !)O^rC$y@/yH*񄴽)޵߻UDb`}"qۋJחX^)I`nEp)liV[]1M<OP6r=zgbIguSebORD۫qu gZo~ٺlAplxpT0+[}`jzAV2Fi@qv֬5\|ʜ̭NleXdsjcs7f W+Ն7`g ȘJj|h(KD- dXiJ؇(x$( :;˹! I_TS 1?E??ZBΪmU/?~xY'y5g&΋/ɋ>GMGeD3Vq%'#q$8K)fw9:ĵ x}rxwr:\TZaG*y8IjbRc|XŻǿI u3KGnD1NIBs RuK>V.EL+M2#'fi ~V vl{u8zH *:(W☕ ~JTe\O*tHGHY}KNP*ݾ˦TѼ9/#A7qZ$*c?qUnwN%Oi4 =3N)cbJ uV4(Tn 7_?m-ٛ{UBwznʜ"Z xJZp; {/<P;,)''KQk5qpN8KGbe Sd̛\17 pa>SR! 3K4'+rzQ TTIIvt]Kc⫲K#v5+|D~O@%\w_nN[L9KqgVhn R!y+Un;*&/HrT >>\ t=.Tġ S; Z~!P9giCڧ!# B,;X=ۻ,I2UWV9$lk=Aj;{AP79|s*Y;̠[MCۿhf]o{oY=1kyVV5E8Vk+֜\80X4D)!!?*|fv u"xA@T_q64)kڬuV7 t '%;i9s9x,ڎ-45xd8?ǘd/Y|t &LILJ`& -Gt/PK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 0_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!0C)theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] ${AH${ASRUH> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'7 &F$A):j<@9CMOM^_ejowl!^ABrz=nv6K!R#(k.6:BNNQ<xV  !%')*,./0234679:<=>@ACDFKLM %R !E!~!!"M$$$<%%%'(((((( )B+O888888:3;W;;;?N^diiij,jjrpNwmwwwww|y.vD nJb7D[%QɯկbqвJ4NX!0?sP_Q@V    "#$&(+-158;?BEGNo )+,.Nl2457Wo6RUVXx 1Wsvwy ),-/OQyW/ h i4447878E FUFRS:SuUUV#[f[q[[[\eeeSmmm?A@@B+CqCH X%X%X%X%X%X%X%X%X%X%X%X%X%X%̕XXXXXXXXXXXCtCtCtXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_tXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  '! !1_~X\oR$ VmLiu-b$,a L6h[D>>b$i,c2+U>h Bb$ILXZF.Mb$.e+<[F +8Sb$᭧MRA h/(iV# @n  (   iD%l*q4 3 @@ "6?   S 4A CMCD2 20123"`<?_b%l*.  S  S"`@?iD%)q4   AHtttt mg2Schematic Sketch of Surface Tension3"?  rA4ttttmg4polyethylene glycol chain3"?,  Ad.tttt mg5Schematic Sketch of Surfactant Molecules in WatervvS`TS`TvC"`?  S L. S`TS`TC"`?   S L. DR`TDR`TC"`? (  c A . http://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/sodiumperborat.GIFii4S`T4S`Ti#" `?  c A  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Carboxymethyl_cellulose.png  % K p%Ta.T4JR7)R7)3IoK$RJ0BSuDBSJ$RIoKd)3I)R7;IR7J5Ea.+Hp%HPSPS+H F UB#" `?  c R. uR`TuR`TS"`?   C F. S`TS`TC"`?   C c"$`?    S L. S`TS`TS"`?  B S  ?4DJJ `aac}{Hp[#T @#{ tnN#? @q@ T0  @G @#$o@vpr$v@8W$T%t4 _Toc131478034 _Toc152405707 _Toc162254119 _Toc212568386 _Toc283997087 _Toc335320006 _Toc342402292 _Toc342402293 _Toc212568387 _Toc342402294 _Toc283997093 _Toc342402295 _Toc283997099 _Toc342402296 _Toc342402297 _Hlt338862463 _Hlt338862464I3 _Hlt338669106 _Hlt338669107 _Hlt338669151 _Hlt338669152I5I6I7I8 _Hlt340216173 _Hlt340216075 _Hlt338860261 _Hlt338860262 _Hlt339988661 _Hlt339988662 _Toc342402298 _Toc342402299 _Toc342402300 _Toc342402301 _Hlt339807247 _Hlt339807248 _Hlt339879559 _Hlt339879560 _Toc342402302 _Hlt339815587 _Hlt339815588 _Toc342402303 _Hlt338755676 _Hlt338755677 _Toc342402304 _Hlt337656349 _Hlt337656350 _Hlt338700862 _Hlt338700863 _Toc342402305 & ( QQ!447VVm[m[^`bdeeeeЀЀ(1ff__@H  @@@@@@@@@@@@ !"#$@%@&@'@()@*@+,@-@./@0@1@2@3 D D cc..(!447VVn[n[^`bXeeeeeрр!F;gg``AH|$HH>*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PersonName  3 ==h>p>>>vCxCyC{C|C~CCCCCCHH` e +!2!33"737::AA[![w[{["]&]``bbUddSuuY]%Zo$'ELѲֲJV]bbf}HOktjm$/>K{    w   $(''1-3-A A=AAAvCxCyC{C|C~CCCCCCHH3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333337OXYo!JJJJJJRRSRTRTRRR^_zz__i|OOPPXnޗ'(vCvCyCyCCCCCCCCCDDDDH7OXYoMNVWwx01NO!JJJJJJRRSRTRTRRR^_zz__i|OOPPXnޗ'(vCCCCCCCCDDDH9.8zeXW&#j;jH'`d % }4eg q} kL9B'-Y #LV}qd'vZxLqE@A\Ddc ֊t #\Z;dy&v{/'ZBdt(<7zj(bXD +6lp-d{|`95@,7\J!;ڮiD>&A`@nb|MBA`.Bn#B䀔<dB=lZCt`$Fp8u_J"RZ0HCKAܸvx NDf NƦiN\WN9At.R(OEU@{D9VdCpbwZAPUM\.JU_ Psf_;I6`z4lfaҊ*hEix%YFpD83vp (8ls,l_ulyGlwun_ebV{Rc{Uh^`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.@ ^@ `OJQJo(hH@ ^@ `OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJo(hHP^P`OJQJo(hH ^ `OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHop^p`OJQJo(hH@ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHoP^P`OJQJo(hHh^h`o(. 8^8`hH. L^`LhH.  ^ `hH.  ^ `hH. xL^x`LhH. H^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h^h`o(. 8^8`hH. L^`LhH.  ^ `hH.  ^ `hH. xL^x`LhH. H^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`56CJaJo(hH.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h88^8`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h  L^ `LhH.h  ^ `hH.h x^x`hH.h HL^H`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. pL^p`LhH. @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PL^P`LhH.^`o() ^`hH. pL^p`LhH. @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PL^P`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(. 0^`056o(.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h^`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.h^h`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHop^p`OJQJo(hH@ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHoP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.^`56CJaJo(hH. ^`hH. pL^p`LhH. @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PL^P`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(. 0^`056o(.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHop^p`OJQJo(hH@ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHoP^P`OJQJo(hH^`56OJQJ^Jo(hH.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.hh^h`56o(hH.^`o(. L ^ `L.  ^ `.xx^x`.HLH^H`L.^`.^`.L^`L.h^h`o(. 8^8`hH. L^`LhH.  ^ `hH.  ^ `hH. xL^x`LhH. H^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`56OJQJ^Jo(.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHop^p`OJQJo(hH@ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoP^P`OJQJo(hH^`56CJaJo(hH. ^`hH. pL^p`LhH. @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PL^P`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.h^h`o(. 8^8`hH. L^`LhH.  ^ `hH.  ^ `hH. xL^x`LhH. H^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.^`56CJaJo(hH.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohP^P`OJQJo(hH hh^h`56o(.^`o(. L ^ `L.  ^ `.xx^x`.HLH^H`L.^`.^`.L^`L.h^h`o(. 8^8`hH. L^`LhH.  ^ `hH.  ^ `hH. xL^x`LhH. H^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(h^h`o(. 8^8`hH. L^`LhH.  ^ `hH.  ^ `hH. xL^x`LhH. H^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.hh^h`56o(hH.^`o(. L ^ `L.  ^ `.xx^x`.HLH^H`L.^`.^`.L^`L.h^h`o(. 8^8`hH. L^`LhH.  ^ `hH.  ^ `hH. xL^x`LhH. H^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`56CJaJo(.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.^`56CJaJo(. ^`hH. pL^p`LhH. @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PL^P`LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. pL^p`LhH. @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PL^P`LhH.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`56CJaJo(. 0^`056o(.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h^`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.^`56CJaJo(hH.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h88^8`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h  L^ `LhH.h  ^ `hH.h x^x`hH.h HL^H`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.^`6o(. ^`56o(. $ $ ^$ `56o(.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.^`6o(.h ^`o(hH.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(h^`56CJaJo(hH.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h^`56CJaJo(hH.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.h^`56CJaJo(.h ^`hH.h pL^p`LhH.h @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PL^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohP^P`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHp^p`OJQJo(hH@ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoP^P`OJQJo(hH9Ei N}dBlfaj(C,7dt(ju_Jt.RebV{Bn#BpbwZ3vpxEU$FM\ A`@`95!;GlwFpiN|MBAc lp-d % ;I6`N/'HCKiD>_uq} qEeg U_'v\D(8lssf_dy&'L9vx N8zW&#t # +Rc{D9V'-Y99*        p8        p8                          hq        *        *                          Y        YpPв       *                 *        *        YpPв       p8        6        $o¯                Vc&2                 k        Y                 Y        *        Y        Y                 TU¯                         *r¯                ,        Y        Y                 YpPв       *        V>        hq        k9bV      "2        Y        B>        *        Y                          Q/SH6p LuLx0:{PEBF2FGP :a 9 p ]],c`0iC2q p 1 s) p _H, KK6f9gFeX=C dzOnFjj@:b | fs 1L8D%6 CddY_ b p i f9KKKK;_ Xh Ong{6f5vZXCW /ddFe4 qmM>Y9>Q}Jdd j=#OeS!_0:{ hhc`06QV*o_dO3ogi;3 p BF4,#tr p J]dd_tG:7H6R#G0:{hhпs){ft* 0Lup;:h!!+1SX_ hh2] F p A!<2qPk ;QsZ[;QgA a 9*w_ oTr wEd}cN ,n"  o 2]^=!6f eS!o2)H h3:!*o !h(,6R#X=|#O#*o+##r <mA%H%<_H%zw -%6Umu&s ;&E/^'Knd p ,ef)BFo2){ft*Q]*+ 4|M,h(,q~-y z._H% p  //0O0)1ddLiD3O3')@5 3;3O0 .d4& 4H6 p L{51L8D')@5G 5=|fJ6M>@8K98*o(8 3f9&aj@:eB>q:+## s ;sG; !r <:#Y D <sG;4m>]]R_?P :TY @;91O=CB qmeB C`ddd0DFj1L8DC7\D+ UPKrD1L8DDE FeV }}FX|y2GGdz"G1L8Da8GeS!x| BJ~WJ]50K@8dL1 PmM2Gdd=)N,cENX=}cN h+ UPf9KKKKAPPmMddvqRj S/S>q:fTar=eV|#6QVO=CBF]W/0kWf9----CWiLW[JXM,*,X!LR^c>YLW%vZD5vZE2ZH% .\$%zO\~WJ 0\]!LR^*w_LiD3a1L8DaKrDaO\&a_Hs%Sc(8">Ndz.FNdF]W Knd[JX ^d^=! p `dBeBFTgoqghs;:h03h, KK hap000ZiSjl PkMrEk*ol\6Um\s p smZi$oX=,isoUofJ6'p+ UPeph xq_H\qKt{#tr_t Hr\qMrzcr^dhs\ {soT\su& PsFNd p s'zuX=zw2Fr wsm]gxeS!pxUxX|y$%zI< p KJzPsCA2^x0/56=>s 9D: l^LTw ,3FWJ}Nu9%7 "H*,-l>mBM0/KJi 2 vF [ ~ 3a n 5r  C O U Ee & i@ g z ?J ;b >Eemt82;>UW4}$w)<@%LP0\o_w E/DBVSqM1XuxH),447YqYZ4(7fgx @/4M7EU]$ ae@Ux[8%Y6JTZs.&0X7<=[+`uZuJ2ZM8QZ \dkug :@I  'S(k)-IJY=bqv6 ; PN !c (!!,!K!R![!Uk!k!R{!"Q"HW"7q"##Y #/#1#|<#G#$^$!$I$x$@% %#%*%YO%\%a%"&#&>&m&'5'5'+D'hX'|'(( (/:(N(X(ns()$)-)2))5)5)n<);M)U) **=*F*Ka*g*+9+%Z+ta+,B,K,$m,s,%-G2-d>-$K-X-~k-q-D..rM. //'//7/a/w/0(0]0_0i0h01*$1$1eZ1w1 2m\2i23!3>3b3)+4.4C4tZ4s455%5*56K;67N 777 %7I7V7O(8)8Nm8%n8x859J/9=9{9:::8:;:J:d: ;1$;0"<v5<i<v<-=-= ^=k=4>6=>uY>d`>w>y> ?+ ??@u@A/Aa%A&A6AB/B]BnB CV$C)C"@CYCDYrVW[W_WPbW,oW*vWm!XYXKnXxXS~XYY;!YhY Z Z2ZvTZppZ%yZm{Z~Z[#[7[gL[c[\l[om[|q[g\"\4\8\Y\bc\]]g]+y]z]z^^F^^^vY^_R_!`U`QX`j`J{`aA"a'a0aGxa{a; blbbQbc5 c+=cO]c>dc9rc}vcycdKd=dS%dTPdYd-e6eOexZeef/f\Uf_f2"gR6g?8g(ygh*hUh-ia&j4jOj]j qjk]&kGkVkQYk=fk3l?lRlY`lcl_m {ms~mcnn!nUnZn"in!ooKaoaoto}o ppAp'up&q;qMMqTrq(r8r2r4rh7rLrgmrs/s2sBswEsDNs!Ts`usn/t)htvvvv8v0BvSavbvEqvwww*w^wex0]x(yMyPyWyWfyiysySzz(z1zV{{_{~{|0 |B|Q|NY|^||a}e}i}q}Z&~\.~>~4]~FW9/#).hqsL)T:2=I 5']-z4"FP_nar]wz5acj7/?LYmHno@xV"*0{4%1z5-Pu ^83Yk'q~bn3\?UQb[G~PdkN?OluQP`j&F2gh*IV,WMr:l?Ab`V^~ *3%V/(,/`hNj)-2W._8u 8XT`lo9r|%' 5(:Cl+}x ,`}RB"LoY_}=tI LQPPS\y{N |Z*QT`w}A6sIdfvN ]zw2Db\kaF.9@^EKH}~=S>WAb$hzi-mpL" ##pCX( FAhps) Mi* :L?i3t ^nIf:y2z607$;;M<<"BKdTr=~+-Wjy"CQ`q}G2rvU> 49 >xPK|\~B-\wd)pABEeN]jA?il4f'[0BWu\{,6>CQ[^=Pfi<Uak$ygQqy-9?G`f"'P!>^Eq*6|h!q} AHOcf |%4kK MQ9^sRy 0:?!BRZad13Rsxf)G;;_ z@E%42PW^l# Y-gR q{C V1q4 [6gv}AX?\N^R02<zHSf~ t(&iNr)LkMtTTuzG5*EwE{),, puv9u\j@8]Y@GCDMdN FWIMSO$5z= $)[-BT bb ?!M4MX{~*sHjz2|{ +:QToq:`cBsH\ttx{7b{ -S5K[%@v`snnn#(}wA=GISh A6'e ?@GqLcw{OZW'W_h,/\/^vCxC@  |zCzDzEzozpcccDDH@LN@z@@ @UnknownG*Ax Times New Roman5Symbol3. *Cx Arial7.@ CalibriSE  Script12 BTStez SansWHiddenHorzOCRMS Mincho;. *Cx Helvetica7@Cambria?= *Cx Courier New7. [ @Verdana5. .[`)TahomaqGOICML+TimesNewRomanTimes New Roman3*Ax Timesk Futura Std LightFutura Std Lightg Frutiger LT StdFrutiger LT Std;WingdingsA$BCambria Math"qhJ $$ G fG0/!KG0/!K!24BB 3qXZ  ?Z2/!xx C:\Documents and Settings\William Bleam\Local Settings\Application Data\Chemistry Add-in for Word\Chemistry Gallery\Chem4Word.dotxDirty Business William BleamPatrice Pages, Mr.9                           ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Oh+'0  < H T `lt|Dirty BusinessWilliam Bleam Chem4WordPatrice Pages, Mr.7Microsoft Office Word@^в@Z#@a@`-Zg!G0/՜.+,D՜.+,@ hp  HomeKB Dirty Business Title|9(QYq9 _PID_HLINKS _DocHomeA9>:/@http://www.umsl.edu/~microbes/pdf/Coming Clean With Enzymes.pdfN,http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/incredible-neverwet-superhydrophobic-spray-lets-chocolate-syrup-slide-right-off-your-shoes(y)(http://drchemical.com.au/2012/06/page/4:c&Dhttp://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/research/originsofdirt_en.htmlv#Dhttp://filebox.vt.edu/users/chagedor/biol_4684/BST/OB Article-I.pdfZ  Ghttp://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/94-54.htmJ^Nhttp://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/phosphorouscycle.htmlEhttp://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/publications/factsheets/factsheet12.pdf0'7http://toxics.usgs.gov/definitions/eutrophication.htmlJL?http://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/enzymes2_en.htmlNhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/144673-laundry-detergents-that-use-enzymes/ :`http://www.housekeepingchannel.com/a_220-Laundry_Detergent___How_Enzymes_are_Changing_Your_Wash'R Ehttp://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/grn000237.pdf2r'http://chemistry.co.nz/surfactants.htm4g#http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm H9http://www.pinstripesandpolkadots.com/detergentchart.htm]Ahttp://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/uv-reactive-beadsma?http://www.happi.com/articles/2008/04/apga-green-success-story4g#http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm]^.http://chemistry.co.nz/deterghistorypart2.htm/?`http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PollutionPrevention/GreenChemistryInitiative/upload/AAIII_7_Versteeg.pdfm[chttp://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdfb>nhttp://www.pg.com/productsafety/msds/fabric_and_homecare/detergents/Ultra_Tide_Granular_Laundry_Detergent.pdf5'ihttp://www.pg.com/productsafety/msds/fabric_and_homecare/detergents/Liquid_2X_TIde_Laundry_Detergent.pdf??Lhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/the-chemistry-of-cleaning-clothes-info.htmif4http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent.htmD=http://www.cleaning101.com/sdalatest/html/soapchemistry1.htmY=http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/558detergent.html)p8http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/554soap.html,c8http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsoap.htmf.?http://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdfGG.http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed100635z!jhttp://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/archive/CNBP_023539VHNhttp://www.education.com/science-fair/article/laundry-detergent-uv-radiation/:m7http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/labs/detergent.htmlNotesAEJhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/cleansing/myths/question692.htm4?http://www.helium.com/items/1679867-green-chemistry-detergentsMP-http://www.eng.umd.edu/~nsw/ench485/lab2.htmListVHNhttp://www.education.com/science-fair/article/laundry-detergent-uv-radiation/]Ihttp://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2006July/ExhibitionChemistry.asp8 @http://www.eece.maine.edu/research/gk12/Optical_Brighteners.htm%fDhttp://www.longwood.edu/cleanva/images/Sec5.opticalbrightlesson.pdf90http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/exper2/exper2.htm presentationFhttps://www.georgiastandards.org/Frameworks/GSO Frameworks/9-12 Science Block Biology Energy Transformations Enzyme Action of Detergents.pdfm[chttp://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdf-j_http://www.planet-science.com/categories/experiments/messy/2011/02/power-a-boat-with-soap.aspxm[chttp://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/main/HTML/Experiment-Sites_Green/HTML/pdf/Experiment_Menu.pdfz?Dhttp://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/milk-color-explosionT?Yhttp://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/k12/curriculum/guides/science/grade8/STSEScience8_fluids.pdf/t\http://www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu/deharvey/Laboratories/Lab Syllabus/Exp 14 Hard Water.pdfB.http://dwb.unl.edu/chemistry/labs/LABS12.htmlQ.http://www.chymist.com/Soap and detergent.pdfOMEhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/cleanerchemistry/a/how-soap-cleans.htmc-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tensionma?http://www.happi.com/articles/2008/04/apga-green-success-storyd<Chttp://www.tide.com/en-US/product/ultra-tide-coldwater-powder.jspxinfo=QEhttp://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/glossary/popup_carezyme_en.htmllShttp://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com/portal/basf/ien/dt.jsp?setCursor=1_5645582ru'http://chemistry.co.nz/surfactants.htm[r5http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent1.htm[o5http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent6.htmAlJhttp://www.scienceinthebox.com/en_UK/research/detergentsprinciple_en.htmlifi4http://home.howstuffworks.com/laundry-detergent.htm-7fKhttp://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/sodiumperborate.shtm4gc#http://chemistry.co.nz/propwat.htm\^`.http://chemistry.co.nz/deterghistorypart3.htm ]*http://chemistry.org/chemmatters/cd3.htmlWqZmailto:chemmatters@acs.org^eWmailto:bbleam@verizon.net2P_Toc3424023052J_Toc3424023042D_Toc3424023032>_Toc34240230228_Toc34240230122_Toc3424023003,_Toc3424022993&_Toc3424022983 _Toc3424022973_Toc3424022963_Toc3424022953_Toc3424022943_Toc3424022933_Toc342402292"8http://www.acs.org/chemmattersIhttp://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/sodiumperborat.GIFHzOhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Carboxymethyl_cellulose.png܎  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLNOPQRSTVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqr}~Root Entry FhgData 1TableWordDocument ~SummaryInformation(MDocumentSummaryInformation8U:MsoDataStore@OhghgJ4OX0MLWNY==2@OhghgItem  PropertiesUCompObj r    F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q