ࡱ> {z} N=bjbjBrBr   `2-hh !!!4S!S!S!h!|7"S!u"_###$9.G1+2tjululululululuwYzlu!2-@9.22lu #$ u8882^ R#!$ju82ju88bn "t$@qB[S!5Vq6Vuu0uq*i{76i{lti{!t22822222lulu8222u2222i{222222222h q:  Internal Assessment Resource Earth and Space Science Level 3 This resource supports assessment against: Achievement Standard 91415 Investigate an aspect of astronomyResource title: Could Aliens Really Exist?4 creditsThis resource: Clarifies the requirements of the standard Supports good assessment practice Should be subjected to the schools usual assessment quality assurance process Should be modified to make the context relevant to students in their school environment and ensure that submitted evidence is authentic Date version published by Ministry of EducationDecember 2012 To support internal assessment from 2013Quality assurance statusThese materials have been quality assured by NZQA. NZQA Approved number A-A-12-2012-91415-01-6083Authenticity of evidenceTeachers must manage authenticity for any assessment from a public source, because students may have access to the assessment schedule or student exemplar material. Using this assessment resource without modification may mean that students work is not authentic. The teacher may need to change figures, measurements or data sources or set a different context or topic to be investigated or a different text to read or perform. Internal Assessment Resource Achievement Standard Earth and Space Science 91415: Investigate an aspect of astronomy Resource reference: Earth and Space Science 3.6A Resource title: Could Aliens Really Exist? Credits: 4 Teacher guidelines The following guidelines are supplied to enable teachers to carry out valid and consistent assessment using this internal assessment resource. Teachers need to be very familiar with the outcome being assessed by Achievement Standard Earth and Space Science 91415. The achievement criteria and the explanatory notes contain information, definitions, and requirements that are crucial when interpreting the standard and assessing students against it. Context/setting This activity requires students to investigate whether life could exist on other planets or moons in our solar system. They will consider the conditions on other planets or moons that may mean that life could exist, and the possible forms that such life would take to survive in these conditions. Conditions This activity will take place over 46 weeks of in-class and out-of-class time. The student can work collaboratively with other students to research but will be assessed individually. The assessment will be a written report or poster presentation. Relevant images, data, and diagrams can be used to illustrate points. Group and class discussion to increase understanding of the task is recommended. Resource requirements You may provide resources such as video clips, key scientific articles, and lists of suitable websites. A list of key websites is provided in Student Resource A of the student instructions. Additional information None. Internal Assessment Resource Achievement Standard Earth and Space Science 91415: Investigate an aspect of astronomy Resource reference: Earth and Space Science 3.6A Resource title: Could Aliens Really Exist? Credits: 4 AchievementAchievement with MeritAchievement with ExcellenceInvestigate an aspect of astronomy.Investigate in-depth an aspect of astronomy.Investigate comprehensively an aspect of astronomy.Student instructions Introduction This assessment activity requires you to investigate whether life could exist on other planets or moons in our solar system. You will research the topic and present findings that: explain whether life could exist on other planets or moons in our solar system explain the science relevant to the topic integrate the explanations. You can write a report or produce a poster. Teacher note: You could edit this selection to guide your students to the presentation method you prefer. If you do so, this will also need to be edited in below. Images, data, and diagrams can be used to illustrate points. Rough notes and processed resources must also be handed in. You may work collaboratively to research the topic, but the report must be your own work. You will have 46 weeks of in-class and out-of-class time to complete the activity. You will be assessed on the quality of the links that you have made between your explanations of whether life could exist on other planets and moons in our solar system and the relevant science. It is very important that the final assessment is in your own words, as this shows that you have understood the work and have not just copied information from the sources. Task Conduct research Gather, select, and process a wide range of information on the topic. Collect information from a range of resources, such as class notes, the Internet, photographs, videos, DVDs, reference books, and interviews. Student Resource A contains information that will be useful when conducting your research. Select and process the information you need. Show you have done this by writing notes in a logbook and/or by annotating your photocopied or printed-out material (for instance by underlining or highlighting). Your logbook and any annotated material must be handed in with your report. This part may be conducted in collaboration with other students or on your own. You must show evidence of your role in any collaboration, for instance by writing a summary of a group discussion in your logbook. Keep all your notes and copies of resources showing processing. These may be on paper or digital but they must be handed in with the final report. All sources of information, images, diagrams (not generated by you), and data must be acknowledged. This should be in the form of a bibliography that includes full web addresses for Internet sources, full referencing of information from books and journals, and details of any interviews you have conducted (such as time and date). Teacher note: You may wish to extend your students by encouraging them to apply footnoting or a style of referencing such as APA within the text.This would involve accurately citing: - diagrams, tables of data, and images - information from sources that is directly quoted - borrowed ideas written in their own words. Write the report This part must be done on your own. Present the information you have selected and processed to communicate your investigation to an audience of Year 13 students. You can write a report, show a PowerPoint presentation, or produce a poster. Use diagrams, images and data where relevant. (Note: If a PowerPoint presentation is used, then notes associated with the PowerPoint are essential.) All sources of information used in your report must be recorded in a traceable format. This means that someone else could go straight to where you accessed the information from. In your report: explain whether life could exist on other planets or moons in our solar system explain the science relevant to this topic integrate the explanations to show your understanding. Student Resource A: Research Areas where you could focus your research include: the conditions on selected planets and moons that life could utilise or adapt to the range of extreme physical and chemical conditions under which life exists on Earth the basic requirements life needs to survive and reproduce, for example, liquid water, a compound that can be used to release energy from food, and a carbon source examples of life that are found in extreme conditions, that is, extremophiles examples of planets and moons having conditions that could support life, or that life can adapt to, in the form of bacterial or Archaea extremophiles. Some useful websites include: HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile HYPERLINK "http://www.astrobiology.com/adastra/extremophiles.html"http://www.astrobiology.com/adastra/extremophiles.html HYPERLINK "http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/gm_mbm04.htm"http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/gm_mbm04.htm HYPERLINK "http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast14dec99_1/"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast14dec99_1/ HYPERLINK "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaea.html"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaea.html HYPERLINK "http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=origin07"http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=origin07 HYPERLINK "http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/cellular-microscopic/extremophile2.htm"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/cellular-microscopic/extremophile2.htm  HYPERLINK "http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/winter-2010/limits-to-life-on-earth-beyond-extremophiles" http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/winter-2010/limits-to-life-on-earth-beyond-extremophiles Assessment schedule: Earth and Space Science 91415 Could Aliens Really Exist? Evidence/Judgements for Achievement Evidence/Judgements for Achievement with MeritEvidence/Judgements for Achievement with ExcellenceThe student has investigated an aspect of astronomy. The student has: selected and processed a wide range of information on the astronomical aspect and the science related to the aspect Evidence from the logbook and processed resources. used the processed information to explain the astronomical aspect Mars surface is very dry but there is evidence of subsurface water. Mars atmosphere has a high saturation of carbon dioxide, a carbon source. The soil is rich in sulphur and iron that could be used as energy sources. These features are common to life on Earth. explained the science relevant to the astronomical aspect The range of extreme physical and chemical conditions under which life exists on Earth are: a wide range of temperature from between the freezing point to over the boiling point of water pH extremes such as pH 9 and above and pH3 and below high radiation by living in radioactive deposits very dry conditions deep in the ground and ocean; so subjected to high pressure high levels of dissolved heavy metals. The basic requirements life needs to survive and reproduce are liquid water, a carbon source, and an electron donor and acceptor or physical or chemical gradient. Life has been found in extreme conditions in just about every place that humans have looked, mainly in the form of bacteria and Archaea, collectively called extremophiles. The examples above relate to only part of what is required, and are just indicative. The student has investigated in-depth an aspect of astronomy. The student has: selected and processed a wide range of information on the astronomical aspect and the science related to the aspect Evidence from the logbook and processed resources. explained in-depth the science relevant to the astronomical aspect Extremophiles have been found on Earth in extremely dry places such as the Atacama desert, the driest place on Earth. Such bacteria or Achaea could possibly use sulphur or iron compounds, rather than oxygen, to release energy from food. Mars has a very small magnetic field and so is bombarded with solar radiation. However, there are bacteria highly resistant to radiation because their DNA has many repeated parts and so radiation damage can be easily fixed. The examples above relate to only part of what is required, and are just indicative. The student has investigated comprehensively an aspect of astronomy. The student has: selected and processed a wide range of information on the astronomical aspect and the science related to the aspect Evidence from the logbook and processed resources. made integrated links between the explanation of the astronomical aspect and the explanation of the relevant science to show comprehensive understanding Conditions on other planets and the conditions for life need to be linked together. For example: Mars surface is very dry. Extremophiles have been found on Earth in extremely dry places such as the Atacama desert, the driest place on Earth and so it is possible that such organisms could survive on Mars. Liquid water doesnt easily exist on the surface because of low atmospheric pressure, but bacteria and Archaea can live deep underground where there may be water. The soil is rich in sulphur and iron that could be used instead of oxygen to release energy from food. Such bacteria or Archaea could possibly also use sulphur or iron compounds as electron donors. Mars has a very small magnetic field and so is bombarded with solar radiation. However, there are bacteria that are highly resistant to radiation. Radiation still damages their DNA but much of their single chromosome has repetitions that are easily copied to mend the DNA. The examples above relate to only part of what is required, and are just indicative. Final grades will be decided using professional judgement based on a holistic examination of the evidence provided against the criteria in the Achievement Standard.     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