ࡱ>  c MDjbjb!! _`KK=|L,,,8 --dLt3*@.D.D.D.D.0002222222,4R630G0@00031D.D..31110@D.D.21d @021114. ,0011D30t3171711LLd$LLName:__________________________________ Date:________________ Ms. Weinstein GHS Period: _________ The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Aim: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Do Now: What conflicts and issues today divide American due to politics, religion, geographical location, or economic interest? Politics-__________________________________________________________________________________ Religion-_________________________________________________________________________________ Geographical Location-_____________________________________________________________________ Economic Interests-________________________________________________________________________ Background: During the mid-1800s, the United States experienced much sectional conflict, ultimately leading to the Civil War.These conflicts were between the different sections ofthe country: North and South, East andWest, Industrial and Agricultural, Democrats and Whig orRepublican.These conflicts can be seen in the Lincoln-Douglas debates, a series of debatesbetween the candidates for the U.S. Senator position in Illinois in 1858.Both candidates, Democrat incumbent Stephen Douglas and Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln, can beseen as major political figures relating to the growingfeeling of sectionalism and separation in the U.S. during the mid-1800s. TopicLincolns BeliefsDouglass BeliefsOpening Statement Kansas-Nebraska Act Equality of blacks and whites Status of black citizenship Fugitive Slave Law Closing Statement  Directions:Below is a mock panel discussion between the two candidates of the Lincoln-Douglas debates: Democrat incumbent StephenDouglas and Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln.You willbe asked to: Act out the debate Discuss and answer each question that follows each section in your graphic organizer. Answer the topic question that follows in at leasta paragraph: How can we understand the conflicts and issues afflicting the U.S. priorto the outbreak of theCivil War by examining the Lincoln Douglas Debates? Host: Hello, and welcome to our guest panel discussion.The year is 1858, and our union ofstates are growing more and more distant with every passing conflict.No where can this be better illustrated then in the debateover the next U.S. Senator from thegreat state ofIllinois.Representing two sidesof the debate is Illinoiss Democratic Senator, Stephen Douglas, and the challenger from the newly formed Republican Party Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln: Hello there, fellow Americans. Douglas:How are you doingtoday? Host: Lets start off gentlemen.I will aska question or giveyou a topic toone of you.This person willgive us ananswer or comment on atopic.There willbe no interruptions.Lets start with just a basic opening statement.Mr. Douglas, your opening statement please. What is your purposein this debate?What ideas do you hold in esteem? Douglas: I care morefor the great principle of self-government, the rightof the people to rule, than I do forall the Negroes in Christendom. Iwould not endanger the [continuation] of this Union, I would not blot out the greatinalienable rights of the white men, forall the Negroes that everexisted. . . . Did not the colonies rebel because the British Parliament had no right to pass laws concerning our property and domestic and private institutions without our consent? . .. What right have we to interfere with the people of each state? What right have we to interfere with slavery any more than wehave to interfere with any otherquestion? Host: Mr. Lincoln, it is your turn.What is your opening statement?What are the issuesas you see it? Lincoln: The real issue in this controversy the sentiment on the part ofone class that looks upon the institution of slavery asa wrong, and ofanother class that does not look upon it as a wrong.. . . .Has anything ever threatened the existence of this Union [as much as] this very institution of slavery? Whatis it that we holdmost dear among us? Our own liberty and prosperity. What hasever threatened our liberty and prosperity, [as much as] this institution of slavery? If this istrue, how do you propose toimprove the condition ofthings by enlarging slavery - by spreading itout and making it bigger? You mayhave a cancerupon your person and not be able to cut it out lest you bleed to death; but surely it is no way to cure it to spread it over your whole body. That is no proper way of treating what you regard as a wrong. Discuss: What do Lincoln and Douglass opening statement tell you about their beliefs? __________________________________________________________________________________ Host: Our next topic is the Kansas-Nebraska Act.According to this act, the citizens of the newly created Kansas and Nebraska territory to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.The act established thatsettlers could vote todecide whether to allow slavery, in the name of popular sovereignty, or rule of the people.It was hoped this act would ease relations between the North and the South,because the South could expand slavery to new territories but the North still had theright to abolish slavery in their states. Instead, opponents denounced the law.Mr. Lincoln, as an opponent of these laws, what is your major argument against it? Lincoln: This is the repeal ofthe Missouri Compromise.I think, and shall try to show, that [The Kansas-Nebraska Act] is wrong; wrong in its direct effect, letting slavery into Kansas and Nebraska-and wrong in its prospective principle, allowing it to spreadto every other part of the wide world, where men can be found inclined to take it. Host: Mr. Douglas, how do you respond to Mr. Lincoln?Do you think that the Kansas-Nebraska Act will shove enslavement down the throats of those that are against it?In your opinion, what is the true purpose of theKansas-Nebraska Act? Douglas: The Kansas and Nebraska bill declared, inso many words.not to legislate slavery into any State or Territory, nor to exclude it there, but to leave the people there perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in their own way,subject only to the Constitution ofthe United States. Host:So do you believe that the Kansas-Nebraska Act is in the spirit of the U.S. Constitution, the highest authority of the country? Douglas: For the last four years I have devoted all my energies, in private and public, to commend that principle to the Americanpeople..I held then, and hold now,that if the people ofKansas want a slave State, it is their right to make one and be received into the Union under it; if, on the contrary, they want a free State, it is their right to have it, and noman should ever oppose their admission because they ask it under the one or the other. I hold to that great principle ofself-government which asserts the right of every people todecide for themselves the nature and character of the domestic institutions and fundamental law under which theyare to live. Discuss: What was Lincoln and Douglass belief on the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the idea ofPopular Sovereignty? ________________________________________________________________________ Host: Our next topicis the status ofthe negro.Are they created equal to whites?Or is there some sort of biological difference between the two races that separate thewhite from the black race?Mr. Douglas, what is your opinion on the status of blacks?Are they equal to whites? Douglas: "I will say then, that I am not nor never have been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races; that I am not nor never have been in favor of making voters of the free negroes, or jurors, or qualifying them to hold office, or having them to marry withwhite people. I will say inaddition, that there is a physical difference between the white and black races,which, I suppose, will forever forbid thetwo races living together upon terms of social andpolitical equality, and there must be the position of superior and inferior, that I as much as any otherman am infavor of the superior position being assigned to the white man." Host: Mr. Lincoln, what is your response?Are blacks created equal to whites, as is the believed meaning of theDeclaration of Independence?Or, did the founding fathers believe that only whites were created equal? Lincoln: I should like to know, iftaking this old Declaration of Independence, which declares that all men are equal upon principle, and making exceptions to it, where will it stop? If one man says it does not mean a negro, why may not another man say it does not mean another man? Ifthat declaration is nottrue, let us tearit out. Audience: {Cries of no, no!} Lincoln: Let us stick to it then, let us stand firmly by it then Discuss: What was Lincoln and Douglass belief on the idea that blacks are equal to whites? ________________________________________________________________________ Host:Gentlemen, one argument against emancipating the enslaved Africans in this country would be whatto do withthem.If freed, dowe keep themas second-classcitizens?Or perhaps deport them back to Africa?Some even talk about granting them fullcitizenship. So I ask of you, what is your opinion of granting citizenship to all male blacks in these Untied States? Douglas: I ask you, areyou in favor of conferring uponthe negro the rights and privileges of citizenship?... Audience: ("No, no.") Douglas: Do you desire to strike outof our State Constitution that clause which keeps slaves and free negroes out of the State, and allow the free negroes to flow in,. Audience: ("never,") Douglas:.in order that when Missouri abolishes slavery she can send onehundred thousand emancipated slaves into Illinois, to become citizens and voters, onan equality with yourselves?.... Audience: ("Never," "no.") Douglas: For one, I amopposed to negro citizenship in any and everyform.. Audience: (Cheers.) Host:Mr. Lincoln,what isyour responseto Mr.Douglassstatement?Do blacksdeserve the same rights as described in the Declaration of Independence? Lincoln: I have never said anything tothe contrary, but I hold that.thereis no reason in the world why the negro is notentitled to all the natural rights [given] in theDeclaration ofIndependence, the right to life, liberty andthe pursuit of happiness. I hold that heis as much entitled to these as the white man. I agree with Judge Douglas he is not my equal in many respects, certainly not in color, perhaps not in moral orintellectual endowment. But in the right to eat the bread which his own hand earns, he is my equal and the equal of Judge Douglas, and theequal of every living man. I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races Host: If they are not entitled to equalrights, what is your first thought on what to do with them?You believethey should not be enslaved,and yet should not be citizens.What is your vision of what they deserve? Lincoln: My first impulse would be to freeall the slaves, and send themto Liberia,to theirown native land. But a moments reflection would convince me that whatever of high hope, as I think there is, there maybe in this, in thelong run, its sudden [implementation] is impossible. Discuss: What was Lincoln and Douglass belief on the status of blacks as citizens? ________________________________________________________________________ Host: Our last topic for discussion today is the fate of runaway slaves.Can Southern States have their property returned to them?Should we have a federal law that guarantees this? Or should runaway slaves remain free once they reach the North?Mr. Lincoln, your thoughts. Lincoln: in regard to the Fugitive Slave law, I have never hesitated to say, and I do not now hesitate to say, that Ithink, under the Constitution of the United States, the people ofthe Southern States are entitled to aCongressional Fugitive Slave law. Host:Does that mean, Mr. Lincoln, Southerners should have the rights to own property and to have property returned to them, guaranteed?Should runway, or fugitive, Africans be returned to their owners? Lincoln: Before proceeding, let me sayI think I haveno prejudice against the Southern people. They are just what wewould be in their situation. If slavery did notnow exist among them, they would not introduce it. If it did now exist amongst us, we should not instantly give it up.When they remind us oftheir constitutional rights, I acknowledge them, not grudgingly, but fully and fairly; and I would givethem any legislation for the reclaiming of their fugitives, which should not be more likely to carry a free maninto slavery, than our ordinary criminal laws are to hang an innocent one.But all this, to my judgment, [gives] no more excuse for permitting slavery to go into our own freeterritory, than it would for reviving the African slave-trade bylaw Host: Mr. Douglas, what is your response to Mr. Lincoln?Should we follow the laws of the United States that guaranteethe return of property?Or should these laws be ignored? Douglas: Mr. Lincoln proposes topass laws controlling property and domestic concerns without consent and against [our] will. Thus, he assertsthe identical principle asserted by [British King] George III and the Tories of the [American Revolution]. . . . He says that this slavery question is now the bone ofcontention. Why? Simply because agitators have combined in all the free states to make war upon it. . .. The only remedy and safety is that we shall stand by the Constitution as our fathers made it,obey the laws as they arepassed, while they stand theproper test, and sustain the decisions of theSupreme Court and the constituted authorities. Discuss: What was Lincoln and Douglass belief on the Fugitive Slave Laws? ________________________________________________________________________ Host: We are at the end of our recreation debate.Can we get a final, parting statement from each of our candidates?Mr. Douglas, any last words for ouraudience? Stephen Douglas: The framers of theConstitution well understood that each locality, having separate and distinct interests, required separate and distinct laws, domestic institutions, andpolice regulations adapted to its own wants and its owncondition; and they acted on thepresumption, also, that these laws and institutions would be diversified and not similar, andthat no two would be precisely alike,because the interests of no two would beprecisely the same. Host: Mr. Lincoln, what are your last words for our audience? Lincoln: "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe thisgovernment cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do not expect the house to fall but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents of slaverywill arrest the further spread ofit, and place it where the public mind shall rest inthe belief that it is inthe course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till itshall become alike lawful in all theStates, old as well asnew North as well as South. Host:As in any election,it is up to the peopleto decide the outcomeof this.What is your opinion?As an active, what do you think ofthese issues and conflicts? What do Lincoln andDouglass closing statements tell you about their viewpoints?  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