ࡱ> .0-7 bjbjUU %(7|7| l> > > > J $ z z z z z z z z  $ 1h z z z z z z z  z @z z z   z n @JнY~> .  0   Durkheim&Merton Anomie or Strain Theories Emile Durkheim French Sociologist Suicide Coined the Term Anomie: A state where institutionalized norms lost their meaning and ability to control human behavior and human needs Mechanical vs. Organic Solidarity Robert K. Merton Social Structure and Anomie (1938) From Durkheim: Institutionalized norms are weakened in societies that place an intense value on economic success Applied this to the United States Culturally Valued Goals Institutionalized Means Conflict: Means and Goals Cultural Goal in U.S.? This goal is universal (The American Dream) Institutionalized Means? Due to the social structure in the U.S., the means are unequally distributed Segment of society with no way to attain goal Anomie as a Macro Level Theory Explains the high crime rates among the lower class Explains the high crime rates in the United States? (Means/Goal conflict) Strain Theory (Micro) Criticisms of Strain Theory Is crime a lower class phenomena? Cannot explain expressive crimes Only instrumental crimes Weak empirical support Agnew: General Strain Theory Overhaul of Mertons Strain Theory Four types of strain Failure to achieve valued goals Removal of valued stimuli Cant escape noxious stimuli Disjuncture between expectations and aspirations Agnew (GST) Strain(Negative Affective States Anger, fear, frustration, depression In lieu of Coping Mechanisms, anger and frustration produce delinquency Strain(Neg Emotional(Delinquency Agnew (GST) Tests of GST are more favorable But, is it STRAIN or something else? Is this theory a theory of Strain or a theory of STRESS? ROBERT MERTON Culture THE American Dream Social Structure Unequal distribution of means for achieving the American Dream CRIME AND THE AMERICAN DREAM Messner and Rosenfeld Elements of the American Dream Achievement Individualism Universalism The fetishism of money These elements encourage Anomic conditions THE AMERICAN DREAM PRODUCES ANOMIE MERTON: Pursuit of financial success is limited only by considerations of technical expediency. Lombardi: Winning isnt everything, its the only thing. Institutions in Society Social institutions as the building blocks of society. The Economy The Polity The Family Education Key Issue for M & R These institutions sometimes have conflicting goals and values. All societies can therefore be characterized by their distinctive arrangements of institutions The U.S.? Economy Dominates: we are a MARKET SOCIETY Indicators of Economic Dominance Devaluation of non-economic institutional functions and roles Accommodation to economic requirements by other social institutions Penetration of economic norms into other social domains Implications of Economic Dominance Weak institutional controls Family and School are handicapped in efforts to promote allegiance to social rules Single parent families Poorly funded schools Weak institutions invite challenge Culture, Social Structure, and Crime Rates ,PW1.[t) *  y \ f 1>u j5\ B* phf B* phf3>*CJ(aJ(CJHaJH$,<PX:.E[tBC$a$ & F & F $^`a$!8Vy  # D i  ( e s  ^`  & F \^ `\  & F ^`  & F & Fs {  8 E S ` y . h :  $^`a$$a$ & F & F: 1u?Vl & F$a$ & F#0P/ =!"#$% i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH D`D Heading 17$8$@&H$B* CJ,aJ,ph3f``` Heading 27$8$@&H$^`B*CJ OJQJ^JaJ ph``` Heading 3I7$8$@&H$^I`B*CJOJQJ^JaJph<A@< Default Paragraph Font (,<PX:.E[tBC!8Vy#Di(es{8ES`y.h: 1 u ? V l 000 0, 0, 0, 0,(00 0 0 0( 0( 00 0 ( 0 ( 0  0 ( 0 [( 0[0 00 000 0 0( 0 00 08 08( 0y( 0y( 0y( 0y080 0( 0# 0 00 0 0  0!0 0"e( 0#s(0s 0$e( 0%000 0& 0' 0( 0) 0*00 0+ 0,0 0-h( 0.( 0/( 00( 010 02 03 040 05  06  07 0 08 ( 09 ( 0: ( 0; ( 0< 0s : 2:?G - 333 Gateway RC:\~jmaahs\Introduction to Criminololgy\Powerpoint in Word format\anomietheory.docϮ* @CJOJQJo(n @CJOJQJo( @ \%  @@UnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Arial;Wingdings"qhZƔZ Y20d 2QDurkheim&MertonGateway Gateway ZOh+'0|  8 D P\dltDurkheim&Mertonurk Gateway Merateate Normal.dotr Gateway tr1teMicrosoft Word 9.0@@#Y@#Y Z՜.+,0 hp|  e  Durkheim&Merton Title  !"#$&'()*+,/Root Entry FrнY11TableWordDocument%(SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8%CompObjjObjectPoolrнYrнY  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q