ࡱ> SUR#` bjbj\.\. .(>D>D    4,DllllllllDDDDDDD$:EhG)DYllYY)Dll>D%%%YRllD%YD%%@XCl` J A(DTD0D'B4H94HPC4HCLl"%lll)D)D lllDYYYYD $ What are the Characteristics of Indigenous Peoples? They practice a traditional subsistence strategy (hunting-and-gathering, pastoralism, or horticulture) autochthony/first-ness/priority of residence/original inhabitants Distinctive customary laws and culture and religions and worldview; differs from the dominant laws and culture of the nation strong sense of identitywho they are as a community, what their past is conquered/non-dominant/minority/oppressed egalitarian societies without centralized political institutions non-white isolation; living in extreme climates; locally-oriented globally allied/members of transnational advocacy networks self-defined less materialistic and market-oriented, more spiritual and reciprocal more connected with environment guardians of the earth; ecologically noble savage place-bound: living in a distinct territory mobile small size, minority within their nations perceived by others as being exotic, primitive, backwards Alternative terminology (although these words do not have the same power or global familiarity as the term indigenous peoples) Aboriginals Natives 4th World Peoples 1st Nations Tribes (mainly in India) What Threats do Indigenous Peoples Face? nuclear testing appropriation of land due to . . . urbanization roads tourism and development --ski mountains --cultural prostitutionusing exotic cultural practices to lure in tourists Creating nature or forest preserves/national parks Extractive industries (see below) Farmers or agribusiness ranching extractive industries not only take away lands, but impact the lands that remain logging mininguranium, gold, copper, lead, coltan water dam construction neoliberal policies/free market policies NAFTA Structural Adjustment programs --Lowers producer prices as a result of global competition --Dismantles government-run healthcare, welfare, and educational institutions so poor people cannot access these services --Devalues currency, leading to massive inflation --Preferential trade between 1st world and 3rd world countries, which formerly supported markets for certain goods (like bananas) is obliterated and these markets flounder --Exports are favored over imports, so imported goods like farm machinery, fertilizers, drugs, and certain foods become more expensive, exacerbating the inflation caused by devaluation --Government agencies are downsized to be more efficient, so many civil servants lose their jobs Drug trafficking/addiction and alcoholism Disease --changes in diets lead to diabetes, other diseases of development --infectious diseases (many indigenous peoples do not have adequate resistance to Western diseases) --working in toxic mines --stress-related diseases due to changes in work --HIV-AIDs War and genocide Environmental damage by corporations or states or other institutions Damaging seascapes by ships Oil spills Topic dumpingincluding nuclear waste Extractive infrastructurenoisy, polluting Military test flights Propaganda, media passing on erroneous information Deleterious Government policies --preventing border passage to groups that live in two countries --preventing people as identifying themselves as members of an indigenous group --requiring documentation to land Capital-seeking by indigenous peoples, as in casinos or other endeavors that lead to in-fighting over profits and group membership Forced assimilation --education --missionaries --army recruiting Migration Climate or environmental change (animals and plants die, ecosystems are changed, traditional strategies of food procurement cannot be continued) --global warming (global wierding) --drought and desertification Language death 4 %      CGXYag-ǽǹ휑}y}yhh[hephE 4h"\wh:xTh_h_h%CJaJh_h_CJaJh%h,H*h%h,5>*h,h_5B*ph3fh_h_5B*ph3fh_h 5B*ph3fhh hQh%h @h @h @CJaJ/45`   V  : f m Z [ ^gd,gd, &dPgd,^gd_ & Fgd @[ g o    0 A Y & FgdE 4p^pgd,^gd:xT & Fgd:xTgd% &dPgd,^gd,Ya-?{ & Fgd,^gdep & Fgdnp^pgdE 4 & Fgd"\w & FgdE 4^gd"\w-/79z3;\o|ab&)9NZ[hiyz()OP}h_h:xTh,hephE 4hE 4H*hnhE 49&COv OEYgx'Nn}~^gd:xTgdeph^hgd,^gd, & Fgd,^gd, & Fgdep~gd%^gd:xT,1h/ =!"#$% @@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k@(No List(45`V:fmZ[go0AYa-? 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