ࡱ> q` 'bjbjqPqP .::TTTTTTThp6p6p6p6<6<huWv7v8v8v8v8v8v8v8VVVVVVV$XhS[WTHv8v8HHWTTv8v8/WLLLHRTv8Tv8VLHVLLOTTOv87 Alp6K:OO,EW0uWO[L[O[TOv8p=LADv8v8v8WWL v8v8v8uWHHHHhhh$#hhh#hhhTTTTTT Ancient Egyptian Timeline 5000 BC  INCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/egyptnile.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  First evidence of people settling along the Nile Delta 4400 - 4000 BC Babarian culture- people practiced agriculture and domesticated sheep and goats, -- known for pottery 4000 - 3500 BC Amratian Society of Upper Egypt - first signs of hierarchical civilization 3200 BC  INCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/egypteye.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Hieroglyphics developed 3110 - 2884 BC Menes joined Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom with the capitol at Memphis 3000 BC Irrigation increased farmland, people worship the sun 3000 - 2890 BC 1st Dynasty kings buried in first royal tombs at Abydos 1st Dynasty (2920 - 2770) During this time the capital at Memphis was founded. Papyrus was invented. Writing was used by the government. Many impressive artifacts have been found from this period. 2890 - 2686 BC Wooden coffins and corpses wrapped in resin 2nd Dynasty (2770 - 2650) After much rivalry for the throne Hetepsekhemsy won. At this time the kings disagreed over which god, Horus and Seth, was in power. This was finally settled when Khasekhemwy became ruler. He took both titles. Disorder erupted during the end of this dynasty. There could have been a civil war. 3rd Dynasty (2650-2575) 2686 - 2648 BC Step Pyramid at Saqqara built by King Djoser 4th Dynasty (2575-2467) During this dynasty there was a great peace. The kings were able to put their energies in art. King Khufu's Great Pyramid of Giza was built. People prayed to the sun god Re. The first religious words were written on the walls of the royal tombs. 2550 - 2490 BC Khufu (Cheops), Khephren (Chephren), and Menkare build great pyramids 2494 - 2487 BC  INCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/ra.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  King Userkaf builds temple for sun god Ra at Abusir. 5th Dynasty (2465-2323) For the first time high officials came from people outside of the royal family. The pyramids begin to be smaller and less solid. However, the carvings in the temples were of great quality. Papyrus scrolls from this time have been discovered. They showed record keeping of goods. 2375 - 2345 BC The Pyramid Texts describe Osiris  INCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/osiris2.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  2420 - 2258 BC Pepi I and Pepi II rule - government weakens 6th Dynasty (2323-2152) Many records of trading expeditions have been discovered from this period. 2160 BC Capitol moves from Memphis to Herakleopolis in northern Middle Egypt - Upper Egypt controlled by Theban rulers. 7th and 8th Dynasties (2150 - 2135) The political structure of the Old Kingdom collapsed. There was famine, civil disorder, and a high death rate. 9th and 10th Dynasties (2135 - 1986) Egypt split into the north, ruled from Herakleopolis, and the south, ruled from Thebes. 11th Dynasty (2074-1937) Prosperous period with much foreign trade. Many large building projects. Skilled jewelry making. The government became strong with King Amenemhet I's rule. 11th Dynasty Egypt was unified once again under the rule of Metuhotep. He built an exceptional mortuary complex at Dyr al-Bahri. 2134 - 2000 BC Capital moved to Thebes - Egypt is reunited by Mentuhotep II 1985 1956 BC Amenemhat I begins trade with Asia and the Aegean  INCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/egyptpot.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  1956 1911 BC Collection of letters from a farmer to his family written describing family and agricultural life 1956 1911 BC Senusret I builds temple of Karnak at Thebes 12th Dynasty (1937-1756) Amenemhet moved the capital back to Memphis. Sesostris II reorganized Egypt into 4 regions (northern and southern halves of the Nile Valley and eastern and western Delta). 1877 1870 BC Senusret II builds Faiyum irrigation scheme 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, & 17th Dynasties (1783-1539) Few monuments from this period survived. Each king reigned for only a short time. Some of these kings were born commoners. The eastern Delta region broke away during this time. 1700 BC Earliest evidence of diagnostic medicine 1650 BC Capital moved to Thebes Extensive building 1650 1580 BC spells known as the Book of the Dead first appear 1560 BC War between Thebes and Asiatic ruler 18th Dynasty (1539-1295) Ahmose finally beat the Hyksos and sent them out of Egypt. This dynasty had a number of strong rulers. Thutmose I conquered parts of the Near East and Africa. Hatshepsut and Thutmose made Egypt a super power. Amenhotep II began an artistic revolution. Akhenaton and Nefertiti began a new religion with one god. Tutankhamen reigned. 1532 - 1528 BC Asiatic kings conquer capital of Hyksos 1504 - 1492 BC Thutmose I begins military campaigns 1380 BC Building of the Temple of Luxor by Amenhotep III 1367 - 1350 BC Rule of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) - changed from a polytheism to a monotheistic society 1336 - 1327 BC Reign of Tutankhamon 19th Dynasty (1295-1186) Seti I restored many monuments. His temple at Abydos has some of the most superior carved wall relief. Many battles and treaties were written between Egypt and Asiatic powers. 1279 - 1213 BC Ramses II begins building projects - including his mortuary temple The Ramesseum (on the West Bank near Luxor) 20th Dynasty (1186-1069) Setakht restored order to the country. Ramesses III was one of the greatest kings. 1186 - 1089 BC Royal Tombs in the Valley of the Kings plundered 21st Dynasty (1070-945) The kings weakened, and Egypt was no longer a world power. Civil war and foreign invaders tore Egypt apart. The capital moved from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to Sais, and then back to Nubia and Thebes. 1069 BC Civil War 1069 - 1043 BC  INCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/mumtable.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Mummification techniques improved 984 BC Osorkon the Elder becomes the first Libyan pharaoh 22nd Dynasty (945-712) 23rd Dynasty (828-725) 730 BC Conquest of Egypt by Kush under Kashta and then Piankhy 24th Dynasty (725-715) 25th Dynasty (712-657) The Nubians fell under the Assyrians invasion. The Greeks helped re-establish order. A renaissance in the arts of the 25th Dynasty showed a return to the Old Kingdom style. 26th Dynasty (664-552) Mid 650s BC Psamtek I drives off Assyrian invaders and defeats Kushite kings 610 - 595 BC Nekau Ii begins to construct a canal from Nile to the Red Sea 27th Dynasty (525-404) The Persian Conquest The Persians invaded and ruled Egypt. They were pushed out in 404 B. C. 525 BC Persians invade Egypt, Cambyses defeats the Egyptians at the Battle of Pelosium 510 - 497 BC King Darius completes the canal from the Nile to the Red Sea 28th Dynasty (404 -399) Amytravios retakes Egypt from Persia 29th Dynasty (399-380) 30th Dynasty (380-343) 343 - 342 BC Artaxerxes I of Persia retakes Egypt 332 BC Alexander the Great invades Egypt 331 BC  INCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/egyptdance.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Alexandria is founded 323-30 BC Ptolemaic Dynasty Confusing time with many co-regencies. Alexandria became the new capital. It was home to the greatest library of the ancient world. Egypt was powerful until Cleopatra died. Egypt was then ruled by Rome. 300 BC The Temple of Isis was built on the island of Philae in the Nile River. 31 BC Queen Cleopatra VII and Mark Anthony are defeated - Octavian enters Egypt beginning Roman rule Roman Emperors After Cleopatra and Anthony committed suicide in 30 B. C. 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