ࡱ> ac`@ 'bjbj.. .ZDD6666<r[.v        -------$/R#2h.*  **.  .```*  -`*-``r*T+  Đ`6R*+,+.0[.8+2@2+2+H D`   ..6V 6POPULATION Contents: World pattern of population distribution The difference between density and distribution Reasons for different populations World Population Growth Death Rate and Birth Rate Demographic Transition Model (DTM) Stage 5 of the model Contrasts between MEDCs and LEDCs in terms of population pyramids, population growth and stage in the DTM Migration Advantages/disadvantages of emigration/immigration to losing/host country The social, economic and political effects of population change Strategies for coping World pattern of population distribution The worlds population distribution is divided into 3 main groups: 1 Areas of low density (less than 10 people per km2). Examples include Sahara Desert and Canada 2 Areas of medium density (10-50 people per km2). Examples include California, south-east Australia and the Nile Valley in Egypt 3 Areas of high density (above 50 people per km2). Examples include South and East Asia and Europe The difference between density and distribution Population Distribution- the way people are spread out across the Earths surface Population Density- the number of people living within a given area (usually a square kilometre) Reasons for different populations Densely populated areas are areas which have large numbers of people per km2. These are areas where there are many advantages for the people such as warmer climate, fertile soil and flat land. Sparsely populated areas are areas which have small numbers of people per km2. These are areas where there are many disadvantages for the people such as extreme climates(too cold, too dry), infertile soil and lack of employment. For example, the UK has densely populated areas in large cities and along good transport links, but sparsely populated areas along rugged coast lines and highland areas. Also Brazil has densely populated regions close to large cities but sparsely populated regions in the tropical rainforest and areas which suffer drought. World Population Growth The population of the world grew very slowly up until about 1900. The population then exploded and increased rapidly and still continues today. The worlds population has continued to grow because the birth rate has remained higher than the death rate. Birth rate and death rate Birth rate is the amount of people who are born per 1000 of the population Death rate is the amount of people who die per 1000 of the population Demographic Transition Model The Demographic Transition Model attempts to explain the cycles that a population can go through. It is based on what has happened in the United Kingdom. Stage 1- This is where the birth rate is high and the death rate is high. The population remains stable at this point (very few countries are now at this stage) Stage 2- This is where the birth rates are high but the death rates begin to fall. This results in the population increasing. Lots of countries in the developing world are at this stage, due to improved medical care, but poor education. Stage 3- This is where the birth rate starts to fall. The growth of the population begins to slow down. Today many LEDCs are at this stage as they are beginning to educate their people about birth control and more women are keen to go to work instead of having large families. Stage 4- Low birth rate and low death rates. At this point the population total begins to stabilise and most MEDCs are at this stage. Stage 5? It is thought that some MEDC countries are now going through a stage 5 where the population has begun to decline. This leads to an aging population as people are not dying due to good medical care, but babies are also not being born due to good access to contraception and a stronger desire amongst women to work. In some countries such as the UK, the death rate is now higher than the birth rate due to unhealthy diets, pollution and lack of exercise. Contrasts between MEDCs and LEDCs in terms of population pyramids, population growth and stage in the DTM MEDCLEDCPopulation GrowthIn many MEDCs natural increase is low due to low birth rates and low death ratesIn LEDCs there has been a massive population explosion due to high birth rates and lower death ratesStage of the DTMStage 4/5Stage 2/3Population PyramidsThe population pyramid of an MEDC would have a small bottom third, a larger middle and small top thirdThe population pyramid of an LEDC would have a large bottom third which gradually decreases in size towards the top Migration Migration is the movement of people from one area to another within a country (internal migration) or from one country to another country (international migration). There are several reasons for why people may want to migrate. These can be classified into push and pull factors. PUSH FACTORSPULL FACTORSPoverty Drought and famine Pressure on the land Few jobs Lack of services RemotenessBetter paid jobs in industry Better schools and hospitals Shops and entertainment Water supply, electricity Reliable food supplies Improved housing Migration can either be voluntary or forced. Forced migration is when people have no choice but to move (for example due to war, disaster, famine) Voluntary migration is when people choose to move to another country for a better life (for example, moving for a better education, employment, family) Advantages/disadvantages of emigration/immigration to losing/host country AdvantagesDisadvantagesFor the host countryExtra labour. May bring skills/money. Cultural exchange brings new skills and ideas.A strain on the resources, especially in LEDCs. Can lead to poor housing being built and poor medical care.For the losing countryReduces burden on the country as there are fewer people to provide for. Money is sent back to family members from host countries.A loss of labour and skills The social, economic and political effects of population change LEDCSMEDCsSocialPressure on land as more people move in. Conflicts of cultures from migrants can lead to civil wars. Pressure on medical systems and schoolsLack of skilled workers due to ageing populations. Pressure on medical systemEconomicLack of money for services due to strain on governmentFewer people to work so higher taxes need to be paid to cover costs of pensions and medical carePoliticalGovernment are not able to finance growing population or provide work for them so informal sector becomes dominantGovernment forced to charge people more taxes to cover growing costs of an elderly population Strategies for coping MEDCs Advertising for workers from other countries to come and work in sparsely populated areas such as the Shetlands Tax incentives for large families to increase birth rates in France Banning contraceptives Extending urban areas to encourage people to move away from densely populated cities in the Netherlands LEDCs Indonesian transmigration policy whereby people are offered incentives to move to one of the sparsely populated islands Chinas one child policy whereby each couple are only allowed to have one child per household Settlements being built away from over populated areas in Brazil Summary The worlds population distribution is divided into 3 main groups Population Distribution- the way people are spread out across the Earths surface Population Density- the number of people who live within a given area (usually a square kilometre) Densely populated areas are areas which have large numbers of people per km2. These are areas where there are many advantages for the people such as warmer climate, fertile soil and flat land. Sparsely populated areas are areas which have small numbers of people per km2. These are areas where there are many disadvantages for the people such as extreme climates, infertile soil and lack of employment. Birth rate is the amount of people who are born per 1000 of the population Death rate is the amount of people who die per 1000 of the population Migration is the movement of people from one area to another. The Demographic Transition Model attempts to explain the cycles that a population can go through.     ; = - ` a  G I \ ] r y Ʒƫymym]PAm]PAhZ]hZ]OJQJmH sH hZ]5OJQJmH sH hZ]hZ]5OJQJmH sH hZ]OJQJmH sH h{OJQJmH sH %h yh{B*OJQJmH phsH %h yh yB*OJQJmH phsH h yOJQJmH sH h yh{OJQJmH sH h{h{OJQJmH sH h{5OJQJmH sH hT5OJQJmH sH h{h{5OJQJmH sH   ?oh r   < = a H I gdZ]gd{ & Fgd{'y 9L 9789 ͽͽͽ͉yl\I%h yh r/B*OJQJmH phsH h yB*OJQJmH phsH h r/5OJQJmH sH h r/h r/5OJQJmH sH h r/OJQJmH sH h yOJQJmH sH hZ]hZ]OJQJmH sH hZ]5OJQJmH sH hZ]hZ]5OJQJmH sH hZ]OJQJmH sH %h yhZ]B*OJQJmH phsH %h yh yB*OJQJmH phsH I uv !9:9:gd r/gdZ]ghrs89 $Ifgd r/ gd r/gd r/ &/vy{ *0>?@BChpsy789 ղՙsղ`%h|h|B*OJQJmH phsH %hn&*h r/B*OJQJmH phsH %hn&*hn&*B*OJQJmH phsH hn&*OJQJmH sH h r/5OJQJmH sH h r/h r/5OJQJmH sH %h yh r/B*OJQJmH phsH h r/OJQJmH sH %h yh yB*OJQJmH phsH h yOJQJmH sH $}qhhh $Ifgd r/kd$$IflF t"   t0"6    44 la   |} @\abEGً|l\Oh {5OJQJmH sH h {h {5OJQJmH sH h r/h r/5OJQJmH sH h {h r/OJQJmH sH h {h {OJQJmH sH %h|h|B*OJQJmH phsH %h|h {B*OJQJmH phsH h {OJQJmH sH h r/5OJQJmH sH h r/h r/OJQJmH sH h r/OJQJmH sH h|OJQJmH sH }~qhhh $Ifgd r/kdg$$IflF t"   t0"6    44 la qhhh $Ifgd r/kd$$IflF t"   t0"6    44 laGHqlgbbbbggY $IfgdZ]gd {gdZ]gd r/kd5$$IflF t"   t0"6    44 la Gk}5;67g)A"$zkzk[Lh{hZ]OJQJmH sH hZ]hZ]5OJQJmH sH hphpOJQJmH sH hpOJQJmH sH hp5OJQJmH sH hZ]hZ]OJQJmH sH hphp5OJQJmH sH hph {5OJQJmH sH %h|h {B*OJQJmH phsH %h|h|B*OJQJmH phsH h|OJQJmH sH h {OJQJmH sH *Gd|~xkd$$Ifl0,"LL t0644 la $IfgdZ]S678CQ}ttt $IfgdZ]gdpgdZ]xkd$$Ifl0,"LL t0644 la QRg)tkkk $IfgdZ]kd4$$IflF ,"   t06    44 la)*Atkkk $IfgdZ]kd$$IflF ,"   t06    44 la#$%,3toojee\\\ $Ifgdpgdpgd{gdZ]kd$$IflF ,"   t06    44 la $34;   2 V !!!!!#"$"g"h""""""""h###$$$$T$m$$$㮢vjh|OJQJmH sH hZ]hWTBOJQJmH sH hWTB5OJQJmH sH hWTBhWTB5OJQJmH sH hWTBOJQJmH sH h-xOJQJmH sH h{5OJQJmH sH hp5OJQJmH sH hphpOJQJmH sH hpOJQJmH sH hphp5OJQJmH sH )34; tkkk $Ifgdpkd0$$IflF ,"   t06    44 la  W tkkk $Ifgdpkd$$IflF ,"   t06    44 la 6!!tkkk $Ifgdpkd$$IflF ,"   t06    44 la!!!!!!$"h"""""tooooggggobgd{ & Fgdpgdpkd,$$IflF ,"   t06    44 la "h##$$$$$T$$ %%&&-'k'''h^hgdWTB & Fgd| & FgdWTBgdWTB & FgdWTB & Fgdp$$$$$%''ǴhWTBhWTBOJQJmH sH hWTBOJQJmH sH %h yh|B*OJQJmH phsH h|OJQJmH sH hZ]hWTBOJQJmH sH hWTB5OJQJmH sH hZ]hWTB5OJQJmH sH ,1h/ =!"#$% e$$If!vh5 5 5 #v #v :Vl t"65 5 e$$If!vh5 5 5 #v #v :Vl t"65 5 e$$If!vh5 5 5 #v #v :Vl t"65 5 e$$If!vh5 5 5 #v #v :Vl t"65 5 J$$If!vh5L5L#vL:Vl t65LJ$$If!vh5L5L#vL:Vl t65LR$$If!vh5 5 5 #v :Vl t65 R$$If!vh5 5 5 #v :Vl t65 R$$If!vh5 5 5 #v :Vl t65 R$$If!vh5 5 5 #v :Vl t65 R$$If!vh5 5 5 #v :Vl t65 R$$If!vh5 5 5 #v :Vl t65 R$$If!vh5 5 5 #v :Vl t65 @@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k@(No Listj@j  r/ Table Grid7:V0Z ?ohr<=aHIuv !9 : 9 : g h r s 89}~ GH*Gd|S678CQRg)*A#$%,34; W6$hhT -k000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0000000x000000 000 000 0 0(0 00000x00x00000000000000000000x00x0x0x0000x0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00x0x000x000 0 0 000000 000000 0 000x000x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000x0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00x00x 0 0 0 0x0x0x 0x 0x 0x0x00x0x 0x 0 0 00 0 0x 0 0x 0000y  G$$' &,I }Q)3 !"'!"#$%'()*+' ą~mŅ~tƅ~,Dž~ ȅ~Ʌ~lʅ~.˅~l!̅~ͅ~\ ΅~]υ~Ѕ~ х~҅~Ӆ~%ԅ~<>Յ~L3օ~L8ׅ~dR؅~,م~څ~tۅ~o܅~݅~lޅ~߅~S~&~l~~##::LLQ[[&&) ) aahh     --CCPWW``,,7 7 ggmm  =*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsState9 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplaceB*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region                < B M S KRW] ,2a1: h p 333333;;H jpN X%ALCJxZmjY gh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHALCH  mjY                                      n&* r/WTB-x {Z] yT{p|"}~ *78CQRg)*A$%,34; W6@b,"{@@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialCFComic Sans MS?5 z Courier New;Wingdings"qh#$699!243QHP)?{ POPULATIONYour User NameGeoDave    Oh+'0x  4 @ LX`hp POPULATIONOPUYour User Nameourour Normal.dotaGeoDave3oDMicrosoft Word 10.0@0@dY@tք`՜.+,0 hp  Your Company NameLA9O  POPULATION Title  !"#$%&'()*+,-/012345789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOQRSTUVWYZ[\]^_bRoot Entry Fΐ`dData .1Table62WordDocument.ZSummaryInformation(PDocumentSummaryInformation8XCompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q