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Macromolecules Structure and Function -- Block 1, 2005 -- Name: Hydrolysis could be correctly described as the heating of a compound to drive off its excess water and concentrate its volume breaking of a long-chain compound into its subunits by adding water molecules to its structure between the subunits linking of two or more molecules by the removal of one or more water molecule constant removal of hydrogen atoms from the surface of a carbohydrate none of the above The formation of large molecules from small repeating units is accomplished by a(n) ______ reaction. oxidation reduction dehydration hydrolysis decarboxylation A dehydration reaction typically produces: monomers salts sugars polymers amino acids A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called: polymers cells isomers monomers isotopes Which of the following is not a macromolecule? protein starch nucleotide lipid DNA A(n) ____________ is a basic unit of a carbohydrate. monosaccharide starch nucleotide glycerol amino acids Which of the following includes all the others? sucrose glucose cellulose glycogen carbohydrate Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? glucose fructose deoxyribose starch ribose ORGANIC COMPOUNDS that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio are called: proteins nucleotides sugars fatty acids nucleic acids STARCH and CELLULOSE are ALIKE in that both are: composed of covalently bonded glucose molecules found only in animal cells contain sugars bonded together in identical ways contain non-polar, fatty acid side chains made up of sugars that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen A CARBOHYDRATE (polysaccharide) that makes PLANT CELLS and tissues STRUCTURALLY RIGID is: sucrose glycogen starch cellulose nucleotides A carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that is formed by plants and used later by the plant as a reserve food supply and made up of only glucose molecules covalently bonded together is: cellulose starch glycogen triglycerides sucrose In a lipid bilayer ___________ tails point inward and form a region that excludes water. acidic basic hydrophilic hydrophobic none of these Lipids serve as food reserves in many organisms include cartilage and chitin include fats that are broken down into one fatty acid molecule and three glycerol molecules are composed of monosaccharides none of the above What type of LIPIDS are found in ALL biological MEMBRANES? triglycerides waxes phospholipids diglycerides cholesterol Unlike the saturated fatty acids, UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS: are found mostly in animal fats and oils contain hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are often covalently bonded to sugars lack of carboxyl group contain double covalent bonds between carbons in their hydrocarbon chain. 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