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In Paragraph 2, the following sentence should be underlined: After Thanksgiving, the holiday shopping season begins. Exercise 4a Does the essay have a stated thesis? If so, where is it? (first paragraph, last sentence) What introductory device does the author use? (building background) What is the main idea of the first body paragraph? (Grandma saved items that might one day be useful.) Find two examples each of used, unused, and useless items. (Answers will vary.) What phrase in the last sentence of paragraph 2 and the first sentence of paragraph 3 helps the author achieve coherence between paragraphs? (empty box) What word in the last sentence of paragraph 4 and the first sentence of paragraph 5 helps the author achieve coherence between paragraphs? (attic) What is the author’s purpose? (to entertain readers with a story about grandma) What assumptions does he make about his audience? For example, what does he expect them to know? (He expects them to know about the Great Depression, for one thing. Other answers will vary.) Exercise 5b Prepare for class and lectures. Read the assigned chapter. Review notes from the last class meeting. Arrive on time. Avoid distractions. Sit near the front of the room. Keep your eyes on the speaker. Tune out background noise. Practice good listening habits. Focus on the speaker’s ideas and not on your reactions. Listen for main ideas and key details. Watch facial expressions and gestures for clues. Follow guidelines for taking good notes. Use a note-taking system. Do not try to write down everything. Briefly summarize key ideas and examples. Copy information from a board or screen. Review your notes immediately after class. Exercise 6a b j f a g d i e c h Exercise 7a Answers can be found using a number of resources, such as an almanac, Who’s Who index, and various online databases. Exercise 10a C D D D C C C C D D Exercise 14a _____1. Everyone is entitled to fair treatment under the law. (A) _____2. Let’s all do what we can to reduce carbon emissions. (D) _____3. Congress should vote to make election laws uniform throughout the states. (D) _____4. As citizens, our votes are the only power we have. (A) _____5. Please urge young people to become more actively involved in politics. (D) _____6. The bickering between Republicans and Democrats has divided the country. (A) _____7. We have to put aside our differences and do what needs to be done. (D) _____8. Too many Americans seem unwilling to fight for what they believe is right. (A) _____9. Some of our greatest U.S. Presidents were unpopular in their time. (A) ____10. Judges should impose stronger sentences on those who abuse children. 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