ࡱ> ORQPE@ bjbj 7<<<<<<<d\\\X]]h^^"____Nj__$jRB<m__mm<<__̖pppm<_<_pmp*pqR<<O_^ q>&\o^ݔtɑ'p<O<<<<O&<uh_4dLpg$j___=$Cp$C Summary and Analysis of the Presidents FY 2006 Budget Proposals for Federal Support of Research and Education Prepared by Lewis-Burke Associates LLC February 8, 2005 April Burke Joel Widder Mark Marin Jake Haselswerdt Bridget Glynn Donna Dean Michael Ledford Hollie Stephenson Wendy Eichorst Yesterday (February 7, 2005), Lewis-Burke Associates LLC sent out an overview of the President's FY 2006 budget request, which stated that the President's request would provide less-than-inflationary growth for discretionary programs overall. For programs not related to defense or homeland security, the budget shows an actual decrease of nearly 1 percent. Today, we turn our focus to the specifics of the FY 2006 request for various federal research and education agencies; analyses of these agencies' budget requests are below. As the President's budget is considered and modified by Congress in the upcoming months, Lewis-Burke will continue to provide updates on each agency's progress through the annual appropriations process. National Science Foundation The Presidents FY 2006 budget would provide the National Science Foundation (NSF) with $5.6 billion. This would represent an increase of $132 million or 2.4 percent above the FY 2005 level. The table below summarizes and compares the proposed NSF budget, by its appropriation accounts, with the FY 2005 and FY 2004 levels. NSF Funding by Appropriation Account (Dollars in Millions)  EMBED Excel.Sheet.8  The budget request for Research and Related Activities would receive $4.3 billion, an apparent increase of nearly $113 million, or 2.7 percent, for science and engineering research activities. Upon closer examination, however, $43 million of the $113 million increase would be used to reimburse the U.S. Coast Guard for icebreaking activities in support of the NSFs management of the U.S. Antarctic Program. The real increase for research activities in the NSF budget would be closer to $70 million or 1.7 percent. Research and Related Activities: Within the Research account, the following amounts are proposed for the various research directorates: Biological Sciences--$581.79 million, a $5.18 million, or 0.9 percent, increase over FY05 funding Computer and Information Science and Engineering--$620.56 million, a $6.84 million, or 1.1 percent, increase above FY05 funding Engineering--$580.68 million, a $19.38 million, or 3.5 percent, increase over FY05 Geosciences--$709.10 million, a $14.94 million, or 2.2 percent, increase over FY05 Mathematics and Physical Sciences --$1.086 billion, a $16.37 million, or 1.5 percent, increase over FY05 Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences--$198.79 million, a $1.89 million, or 1.0 percent, increase over FY05 Office of Polar Programs--$319.41 million, a $42.57 million, or 15.4 percent, increase over FY05 Integrative Activities--$134.90 million, a $4.99 million, or 3.8 percent, increase over FY05 In the Biological Sciences directorate, the $5 million increase would be used for funding complex environmental systems with an emphasis on aquatic and watershed systems, biological databases and informatics, broadening participation activities, microbial biology research, support of complex, multidimensional biology, and grants for early career and mid-career researchers. In the Computer and Information Science and Engineering directorate, funding for information technology research would decline by $28 million or 16.3 percent, while funding for computing and communications would increase by $11 million or 12.2 percent. Computer and network systems would increase by $10.6 million or 8 percent, and information and intelligent systems would grow by $12.1 million or 13 percent. The shared cyberinfrastructure division which includes supercomputers, high-capacity mass-storage systems, system software suites and programming environments, productivity software libraries and tools, and large-scale data repositories would grow by only $1.4 million or 1 percent to a level of $125 million. In the Engineering directorate, the $19 million increase would focus on: transition from construction to operations for the National Earthquake Engineering System; integrative systems research; research into how students learn engineering; and security technology research. In the Geosciences directorate, the proposed $15 million increase would target natural hazards and extreme events research, operational support for HIAPER the high altitude research aircraft, and programs to promote education and diversity. Funding for the National Center for Atmospheric Research would be $81.1 million, an increase of $1 million or 1.3 percent over the FY 2005 planned level. In the Mathematical and Physical Sciences directorate, the $16 million increase would be used to support the following themes: physics of the universe, fundamental mathematical and statistical science, physical sciences at the nanoscale, cyberinfrastructure and cyberscience, and the molecular basis of life processes. Budget increases of 1 to 2 percent would be provided for all MPS divisions except for mathematics which is held level with the FY 2005 level of $200.4 million. Funding for operations of and research at the National Radio Astronomy Observatories is requested at $47.4 million. In the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences directorate, the $2 million increase would emphasize additional support for the Human and Social Dynamics priority area with the particular goal of increasing the number of awards funded, support for broadening participation activities, Statistical Research Service (SRS) survey redesigns, and reallocation of funds to a range of core research activities including centers funding. The Office of Integrative Activities would increase by $5 million which would allow a second cohort of Science Learning Centers (up to four) to be started and two Science and Technology Centers initiated in FY 2005 would become fully operational. The budget does not propose the start up of any other new Science and Technology Centers. Finally, support for the acquisition of major research instrumentation would grow by $250,000 to a level of nearly $90 million. Education and Human Resources: In the area of Education and Human Resources, the Presidents FY 2006 budget proposes to reduce NSF support for math and science education at the K-12 level and the undergraduate level by a total of $104 million or 12.4 percent. This comes on the heels of a similar sized reduction taken in the FY 2005 budget. Looking at NSF funding for education and human resources over the FY 2005 and FY 2006 timeframe, over $200 million or 22 percent -- has been or is proposed to be eliminated from the NSF budget for the support of K-12 and undergraduate science education programs. Under the FY 2006 budget proposal, funding for the Math Science Partnership (MSP) program would continue to decline. MSP would be funded at about $60 million, or $24 million below last year. The $60 million would be enough to fund only ongoing MSP projects. This is consistent with the Administrations intent to transfer the NSF MSP program and its resources to the Department of Education where it would be combined with the Departments own MSP program. In addition funding for elementary, secondary, and informal science education would decline by $41 million or 23 percent. Within the elementary and secondary area funding for instructional materials would decline by 33.4 percent and teacher development activities would decline nearly 35 percent. Informal science education would be essentially level with last year. For the Division of Undergraduate Education, the budget requests a total of $135 million this is a reduction of $19 million or 12.1 percent below the FY 2005 level. Within this division, the bulk of the reduction would come from the Curriculum, Laboratory and Instructional Development program which would decline to $80 million under this budget plan down from a level of $94.4 million in FY 2005. Funding for the STEM Talent Expansion program -- which is targeted at undergraduate students to pursue degrees in science, math and engineering -- and the Robert Noyce teacher scholarship program remain essentially level with last year at $25 million and $8 million respectively. The Cyberscholarships for Service program would decline by nearly 30 percent, down to $10 million. Graduate programs such as fellowship and traineeships and programs focused on women and minorities would be essentially frozen at last years level. Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction: In the Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction account, the budget request seeks $250 million a 44 percent increase over FY 2005. NSF believes that the highest priority within the MREFC Account should be to support ongoing projects. Therefore, the budget includes funding for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array ($49.24 million); EarthScope ($50.62 million); the IceCube Neutrino Observatory ($50.45 million); the Scientific Ocean Drilling Vessel ($57.92 million); and Rare Symmetry Violating Processes ($41.78 million). NSF is requesting no new starts in FY 2006. Two new starts are requested in FY 2007, and one new start is requested in FY 2008. In priority order, these are: Ocean Observatories in FY 2007; the Alaska Region Research Vessel in FY 2007; and Advanced LIGO in FY 2008. National Institutes of Health The President requests that $28.8 billion be provided for NIH in FY 2006 an increase of $196 million, or approximately 0.7 percent, over FY 2005. Of the total, $28.5 billion is requested to be provided by the Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Subcommittees; $80 million would be provided by the VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Subcommittees for the Superfund basic research program; $150 million for Type I Juvenile Diabetes research, as authorized by the Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000; and $97.1 million for radiological, nuclear, chemical countermeasures, provided from the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (PHSSEF). For FY 2006, the President requests a small increase for each NIH Institute and Center with the exception of the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), which would receive a $15 million cut. Our analysis indicates that the cut comes out of the construction and animal facilities improvement account within NCRRs research infrastructure program. As you may recall, this NCRR program, which funds extramural facilities improvement and construction, has been left out of the Presidents budget for the last three years, but restored by Congress in the final appropriation. However, the Presidents FY 2006 budget request does include $30 million for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) for extramural facilities and construction grants limited to biodefense laboratories (this figure is down from $148.8 million in FY 2005). Four research priority areas are highlighted within the Presidents FY 2006 NIH budget request: the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research in the 21st Century, biodefense, an initiative to develop countermeasures for radiological, nuclear and chemical threats, and the NIH Neuroscience Blueprint. NIH Roadmap for Medical Research in the 21st Century The President requests a total of $333 million for the NIH Roadmap for FY 2006, an increase of $96 million over FY 2005. Of that total, the NIH Office of the Director would be responsible for providing $83 million with the remaining $250 million to be contributed by the individual Institutes and Centers (estimated to be about 0.9 percent of each Institutes individual budget request for FY 2006). Funds for the NIH Roadmap will be used to target major opportunities and gaps in biomedical research that cannot be addressed by any single Institute or Center, but which NIH as a whole must tackle in order to overcome barriers and achieve its ultimate goal of improving the length and quality of human life through new disease treatments, prevention strategies, and diagnostics. Three core themes comprise the Roadmap: New Pathways to Discovery (which would receive $169 million in the Presidents request); Research Teams of the Future ($44 million); and Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise ($120 million). Biodefense Research The President requests approximately $1.7 billion for the NIH biodefense research agenda an increase of $97 million over FY 2005. Biodefense research priorities in FY 2006 will include continued clinical development of vaccines for plague, tularemia, Valley Fever, Ebola, West Nile Virus, and botulism, as well as the development of clinical trials of anti-toxin/antibody treatment for anthrax and other medical countermeasures. Included in the Presidents biodefense request is the aforementioned $30 million for extramural facilities construction funding for biodefense laboratories. Specifically, the $30 million will fund one additional Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, bringing the total to 18. In addition, the funds would aid in the construction and/or renovation of up to six, smaller, local-level laboratories to Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) standards. Radiological, Nuclear, and Chemical Countermeasures The Presidents FY 2006 request for NIH includes $97.1 million from the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (PHSSEF), for research into countermeasures for radiological, nuclear and chemical threats. The total FY 2006 request would provide radiological and nuclear countermeasures research with $47.1 million (equal to the FY 2005 request) and would add $50 million for research into chemical threat countermeasures. NIH Neuroscience Blueprint For FY 2006, noting that neuroscience related diseases account for 50 percent of the national health burden, the President requests $12 million for the NIH Neuroscience Blueprint. The 15 collaborating NIH Institutes and Centers would contribute an additional $14 million for a total of $26 million for FY 2006. The FY 2005 funding for the Blueprint will be directed toward developing an inventory of neuroscience tools, enhancing training in the neurobiology of disease for basic neuroscientists, and expanding gene expression databases, such as the Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT). The Presidents request for FY 2006 would build on the Blueprint foundation and focus on the Neuromouse Project (which will include the development of genetically engineered mouse strains for nervous system research), Cross-Institute Neuroscience Training Programs (for training in neuroimaging and computational biology), and Neuroscience Core Grants (supporting specialized, interdisciplinary core centers that may focus on areas such as animal models, cell culture, computer modeling, and DNA sequencing). The chart below provides a breakdown of the Presidents request for each NIH Institute and Center as compared to FY 2005 appropriations. NIH INSTITUTE FUNDING BREAKDOWN (dollars in millions) National Cancer Institute (NCI) FY 2005 Appropriation $4,825 FY 2006 Request $4,842 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) FY 2005 Appropriation $2,941 FY 2006 Request $2,951 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) FY 2005 Appropriation $392 FY 2006 Request $393 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,864 FY 2006 Request $1,872 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,539 FY 2006 Request $1,550 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) FY 2005 Appropriation $4,403 FY 2006 Request $4,459 National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,944 FY 2006 Request $1,955 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,270 FY 2006 Request $1,278 National Eye Institute (NEI) FY 2005 Appropriation $669 FY 2006 Request $673 National Institute of Environment Health Sciences (NIEHS) FY 2005 Appropriation $645 FY 2006 Request $648 National Institute on Aging (NIA) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,052 FY 2006 Request $1,057 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) FY 2005 Appropriation $511 FY 2006 Request $513 National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) FY 2005 Appropriation $394 FY 2006 Request $397 National Institute of Nursing (NINR) FY 2005 Appropriation $138 FY 2006 Request $139 National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) FY 2005 Appropriation $438 FY 2006 Request $440 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,006 FY 2006 Request $1,010 National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,412 FY 2006 Request $1,418 National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) FY 2005 Appropriation $489 FY 2006 Request $491 National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) FY 2005 Appropriation $298 FY 2006 Request $300 National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) FY 2005 Appropriation $1,115 FY 2006 Request $1,100 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) FY 2005 Appropriation $122 FY 2006 Request $123 National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD) FY 2005 Appropriation $196 FY 2006 Request $197 John E. Fogarty International Center (FIC) FY 2005 Appropriation $67 FY 2006 Request $67 National Library of Medicine (NLM) FY 2005 Appropriation $315 FY 2006 Request $318 Office of the Director (OD) FY 2005 Appropriation $358 FY 2006 Request $385 Building and Facilities (B&F) - Intramural FY 2005 Appropriation $110 FY 2006 Request $82 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Despite the continued success of the Mars rovers, the Cassini-Huygens probe, and other important scientific missions, NASA would share in the overall tightening of the federal budget, with a proposed 2.4 percent* increase, or $386 million, bringing the total funding level to $16.456 billion. The NASA budget is organized into three funding accounts the Science, Aeronautics, and Exploration (SAE) account, which includes almost all the science and academic programs, including propulsion technology development as well as some cross-cutting technology programs; the Exploration Capabilities (EC) account, which includes the Space Flight support; and the Inspector General account. The lions share of the increase would go to the Office of Exploration Systems, within SAE, to fund initiatives supported by the Presidents Moon-Mars Vision. The Offices of Science, Aeronautics, and Education are all proposed to decrease for the second year in a row. * - [Please note: all figures from FY 2005 do not include $550 million in Congressional earmarks and supplemental funding which NASA did not incorporate into its FY 05 operating plan.] Science, Aeronautics and Exploration (SAE) Office of Science Directorate Within the SAE account, the Office of Science, which includes both space and earth science activities, would receive $5.476 billion, a decrease of $51 million from the FY 2005 level. The Directorate would have been reduced much more but NASA transferred the Exploration Systems Enterprise into the SAE account to bolster the funding figure. The Office of Science includes three Enterprises: Solar System Exploration The request proposes a $42.4 million (or 2 percent) increase. This funding level would include: $723.1 M (up 4.6 percent) to continue the Mars Exploration program, which is expected to double by 2009; $136.9 M for launch and operation of New Horizons Pluto Kuiper Belt Mission, and Dawn; $257 M to continue deep-space mission support, including Cassini, Stardust, Genesis, and MESSENGER; $96 M for technology development of in-space propulsion and radioisotope power system development; $184 M for the conceptual development of the Mars Science Laboratory, a rover with an on-board laboratory; and $105 M for the continued development of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The Universe The request proposes a $1 million (or 0.07 percent) decrease. This funding level would include: $372 M to James Webb Space Telescope, the next generation replacement of the Hubble telescope; $191 M for Hubble to consider life extension activities and development activities for a robotic deorbit spacecraft (note: the budget does not include funds for a re-servicing mission); $109 M to progress the Space Interferometry Mission through the critical design phase of the project; $100.8 M (up $18.8 M) for the Explorer program, which recently announced its latest selection after a year of delays; and $55.5 M (up $13.7 M) for the Beyond Einstein program, which funds LISA and Con-X, and is proposed to triple by FY 2008. Earth-Sun System The request proposes a $92.2 million (or 4.3 percent) decrease This funding level would include: $234 M (up $31.5) for the Living With a Star program, of which $159 M will be allocated Solar Dynamics Observatory ; $47.7 M for the launch and initial operations of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory; $845 M (up $26.5) for Earth Sun system research to support algorithm development and improvement and laboratory and field experiments to validate satellite-based observations; $117.1 M (up $13.5 M) for the Explorer program, which is co-managed in Earth-Sun System and the Universe enterprises; and $181.9 M (down $118.5 M) for Earth Systematic Missions, due to the de-scoping of GLORY. Office of Exploration Systems Directorate Within the SAE account, the Office of Exploration Systems, which includes the majority of the Presidents programs supported within the Moon-Mars Vision announced in January 2004, would receive $3.165 billion, an increase of $480.8 million (or 17.9 percent) from the FY 2005 level. The Office of Exploration Systems includes four Enterprises: Constellation Systems The request proposes a $593.6 million (or 112.7 percent) increase. A majority of this funding would be for further developments in a new Crew Exploration Vehicle. Exploration Systems Research and Technology (formerly a part of the Exploration Capabilities Directorate) The request proposes a $223.6 million (or 32.1 percent) increase. A majority of this funding would be for Technology Maturation and Advanced Space Technology programs involving various propulsion systems and other integrated technologies needed for the Moon-Mars Vision. Prometheus Nuclear Systems and Technology The request proposes a $112.1 million (or 26 percent) decrease. This reduction is primarily a result of NASA no longer proposing the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) as the first mission to use nuclear propulsion technology. Instead, NASA intends to consider other less costly and less risky missions. Previously, the National Academies of Sciences had selected JIMO as the best mission, with the highest science yield, to be the test bed for the new nuclear technology. Human Systems Research and Technology The request proposes a $224.3 million (or 21.8 percent) decrease. This Enterprise includes programs included in the former Biological and Physical Research Enterprise. Office of Aeronautics Research Directorate Within the SAE account, the Office of Aeronautics Research would receive $852.3 million, a decrease of $53.9 million (or 5.9 percent) from the FY 2005 level. This is the second year in a row that the office would be reduced and is projected to continue to receive these reductions in future years. The request would include: $192.9 million for Aviation Safety and Security projects to decrease accident and fatality rates; $200.3 million for Airspace Systems projects; and $459.1 million for Vehicle Systems projects to demonstrate technologies that will reduce aircraft noise emissions, and to develop uncrewed aerial vehicles for Earth and space science missions. Office of Education Directorate Within the SAE account, the Office of Education would receive $166.9 million, a decrease of $49.8 million (or 23 percent) from the FY 2005 level. This is the second year in a row that the office would be reduced and is projected to continue to receive these reductions in future years. The majority of this decrease ($32 million) would be in the Higher Education programs. This is mainly due to continued phase out begun in FY 2005 of the Undergraduate Student Research Program (USRP). Exploration Capabilities The Exploration Capabilities account would receive $6.763 billion, a $67.4 million (or 0.1 percent) decrease from the FY 05 level. This amount would include a $138.4 million decrease for the Space Shuttle program, a $109.5 million decrease for Space and Flight Support, and a $180.4 million increase for the International Space Station. However, the research funding for the International Space Station would be reduced. Department of Energy Overall, the Presidents FY 2006 request would provide DOE's Office of Science $3.463 billion, a decrease of $136 million or 3.8 percent from FY 2005. Within the Office of Science, programs would be funded at the following levels: High Energy Physics: $713.93 million, a decrease of $22.51 million or 3.1 percent from FY 2005. Nuclear Physics: $370.74 million, a decrease of $34.04 million or 8.4 percent. Biological and Environmental Research: $455.69 million, a decrease of $126.22 million or 21.7 percent ($79.6 million of this cut was made up of Congressional earmarks in the BER account provided by Congress in the FY 2005 appropriations bill). Basic Energy Sciences: $1.146 billion, an increase of $41 million or 3.7 percent. Advanced Scientific Computing Research: $207.06 million, a decrease of 25.41 million or 10.9 percent. Fusion Energy Sciences: $290.55 million, an increase of $16.65 million or 6.1 percent. Department of Defense The Department of Defense (DOD) would see its overall Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDTE) investment decrease by 0.83 percent from FY 2005, for a total of $69.36 billion. However, the accounts of most interest to university researchers, the science and technology accounts, would receive significantly greater decreases. Overall, DOD's basic research programs (the "6.1" programs) would receive $1.32 billion, a decrease of 12.9 percent from FY 2005. DOD's applied research programs (the "6.2" programs) would decrease by 14.7 percent for a total of $4.14 billion in FY 2006. Below are all of the basic and applied funding levels requested for DOD in FY 2006: Army: The Army's basic (6.1) research programs would be funded at $307.6 million under the request, a decrease of 21.7 percent from the final FY 2005 level. The Army's applied (6.2) research programs would be funded at $671.3 million, a decrease of 39.9 percent from FY 2005. Navy: The Navy's basic (6.1) research programs would be funded at $448.3 million, a decrease of 8.7 percent, while its applied (6.2) research programs would be funded at $597.9 million, a decrease of 27.3 percent. Air Force: The Air Force's basic (6.1) research programs would be funded at $340.8 million, a decrease of 11.1 percent. The Air Force's applied (6.2) research programs would receive $851.7 million, a decrease of 9.9 percent. Defense-wide programs: Defense-wide basic (6.1) research programs (including DARPA) would receive $222.1 million, a decrease of 9.8 percent, while Defense-wide applied (6.2) research programs (again including DARPA) would receive the only increase in DOD basic and applied research accounts, an increase of 2.8 percent for a total of $2.02 billion in FY 2006. Increased funding is included in the Defense-wide account for the National Defense Education Program (NDEP), which provides scholarships to students seeking degrees in science and engineering disciplines critical to national security. Funding for NDEP in FY 2006 would increase from $2.5 million to $10.3 million. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate In the FY 2006 budget, the President is requesting $41.1 billion for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This represents an increase of 7 percent over last years level. In the Science and Technology Directorate of DHS, the budget request would provide $1.4 billion which is $253 million over the comparable level in FY 2005. DHS would consolidate the research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) activities going on throughout DHS into the DHS Science and Technology (S&T) directorate. This consolidation, in the amount of $127 million, would bring the scientific and engineering personnel and other RDT&E resources of the Department under a single accountable authority. The other major increase within the S&T Directorate would be an additional $49 million for the Counter MANPADS program which is focused on demonstrating the viability, economic costs, and effectiveness of adapting existing military technology to protect commercial aircraft from the threat of Man Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS). The University and Fellowship Programs would be funded at $63.6 million which is $6.4 million less than the appropriated level for FY 2005, but $41.6 million more than DHS requested last year. In FY 2005, DHS has selected the University of Maryland and its partners as the site for the fourth Center of Excellence for Behavioral and Social Research of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism. This Center will be funded at $12 million for three years. Support will continue for the three previously awarded DHS Centers as well. A Broad Agency Announcement has been issued for a fifth Center of Excellence in the area of Preparation and Response to High Consequence Events. Research areas for future Centers of Excellence will continue to be evaluated and two additional DHS Centers are anticipated to be established in FY 2005 and FY 2006. During FY 2006, the University Programs portfolio will conduct an evaluation of the impact and outcomes of the Centers of Excellence. In addition, funding for the first class of fellows will terminate and the application and selection process for the fourth class is planned. FY 2006 will be devoted to expanding coordination and mentoring activities for DHS scholars and fellows and evaluating the impact of the program to contributing to the mission and goals of the S&T Directorate. Funding will be considered during FY 2006 for a post doc program. Following the second year of the pilot Summer Faculty Program a determination will be made by DHS as to the programs success. As the S&T Directorate and DHS Centers of Excellence mature, and scientific and knowledge gaps are realized, it is expected that results will be enhanced by visiting expert scholars and foreign exchange scientists and engineers. During FY 2006, University Programs is expected to develop programs to enrich DHS research through international participation in critical areas at DHS affiliated venues and to attract visiting scholars from U.S.-affiliated institutions. A Young Investigators Program is also planned to attract to DHS research in critical areas for new faculty members at institutions of higher education, to support their research, and to encourage their teaching and research careers. Department of Education In the FY 2006 federal budget request, the Department of Education (ED) would receive $56 billion in discretionary funding, a cut of $600 million (or 1.1 percent) from the appropriated FY 2005 level. At the ED budget briefing, new Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings identified high schools as the chief priority of this budget request. Within the realm of student aid, the President has fulfilled his recent promise to address the Pell Grant shortfall and requests a $100 increase in the per student maximum grant (level-funded for the past three years). The request would achieve this goal through two avenues: savings garnered from the mandatory side of the budget and the elimination of several smaller student aid and assistance programs. It is very unusual for mandatory funding (which is disbursed through formulas) to be directed towards a discretionary program (which has its budget set annually by Congress). While the overall Pell budget and the maximum grant are set by Congress, the Pell Grant program resembles a mandatory program in that every eligible student receives an award, regardless of whether the program has enough money or not. In recent years, this has led to a $4.3 billion shortfall in the program. To address this shortfall, and to garner the additional $420 million necessary to increase the Pell Grant maximum by $100 for FY 2006, the Administration is proposing a series of modifications to the Federal governments student loan programs. Certain subsidies to lenders and guaranty agencies would be eliminated or reduced. Included in this package of proposals is the controversial elimination of fixed-rate student loans. Currently, borrowers can lock in an interest rate for the duration of a consolidated loan, with the Federal government making up any difference between the fixed rate and the fluctuating market rate. This allows borrowers to better predict and manage their debt. Many policymakers, however, have argued that this leads to aid money being spent on graduates who have already entered the workforce, when it should be concentrated on current and incoming college students through programs like Pell. Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education Sally Stroup stated at the budget briefing that, while these mandatory alterations could be accomplished in a budget bill, she hoped they could be part of the HEA reauthorization process. On the discretionary side, rumors of several program eliminations proved true. The Federal Perkins Loan ($66.1 million in FY 2005), TRIO Upward Bound ($312.6 million in FY 2005), TRIO Talent Search ($144.9 million in FY 05), Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEARUP) ($306.5 million in FY 05), and Leveraging Educational Assistance Partnerships (LEAP) ($65.6 million in FY 05) programs are all targeted for elimination in the budget request. All in all, 48 of the Presidents 150 proposed program eliminations in this budget request are within the Department of Education. Officials at the budget briefing defended these decisions, arguing that many of the programs were either too small to be effective or did not score well in the Administrations assessment. In the case of TRIO and GEARUP, the Administration believes its new High School Intervention initiative (a requested $1.24 billion) will more effectively address the mission of encouraging disadvantaged young people to pursue a college education. The initiative will provide formula block grants to states to disburse competitively to local education agencies. Some highlights of the budget request as it pertains to higher education: Pell Grants: $13.2 billion in discretionary budget authority is requested for the Pell Grant program, an increase of $867 million (7 percent) over the FY 2005 level. In addition, the request would provide $4.7 billion in mandatory spending for the Pell program (see above explanation). $4.3 billion of this requested amount would go towards retiring the current shortfall in the program, while the other $420 million would be devoted to increasing the maximum Pell Grant by $100, bringing it to $4,150. The Pell Grant maximum has been level since a $50 increase in FY 2003. The budget request also includes two Pell-related proposals that will be considered as part of the ongoing HEA reauthorization process: allowing students to receive Pell Grants year-round and the creation of a new, $33 million Enhanced Pell Grants for State Scholars program. Under the Enhanced Pell program, Pell Grant-eligible students who take certain advanced classes in high school would be eligible to receive an extra $1,000 in addition to their standard Pell Grants. These proposals were also included in last years budget request as well as a Republican HEA reauthorization bill, but were not funded in the final FY 2005 appropriation. Supplemental Education Opportunity Grants (SEOG): The Administration is requesting flat funding for the SEOG program (currently $778.7 million) in FY 2006 for the fifth year in a row. Last year, Congress provided a slight increase for the SEOG program. The budget request also advocates a measure explored but not passed by Congress last year to change the formula for how campus-based aid (SEOG, Work-Study, and, provided it survives, the Perkins Loan) is distributed. Currently, each university participating in campus-based aid programs gets a pre-set share of funding. After each university receives its allocation, the rest of the funding is distributed by a fair share formula. The budget request recommends doing away with the specific allocations and distributing all the funding by formula. This issue will likely be considered as part of HEA reauthorization. Work-Study: The FY 2005 budget request would provide flat funding ($990.3 million) for the Work-Study program. This marks the fourth year in a row that the Administration has requested flat funding for this program, which was actually reduced by about $8 million last year due to an across-the-board reduction in the Consolidated Appropriations Act. Work-Study would also be affected by the proposed change in the campus-based aid distribution formula discussed above. TRIO programs: While Upward Bound and Talent Search would be eliminated under the budget request, Student Support Services ($274.9 million), Educational Opportunity Centers ($49 million), and the McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement program ($41.9 million) would all be funded at their FY 2005 levels. Overall, TRIO programs would receive $369.4 million, as compared to $836.5 million in FY 2005. Graduate and International Education: In the FY 2006 request, all graduate and international education programs would be level-funded at their FY 2005 levels: Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) ($30.4 million), the Javits fellowship program ($9.8 million), and International Education and Foreign Language Studies ($106.8 million). Aid to Minority-Serving Institutions: The FY 2006 budget request would provide $240.5 million for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), an increase of $1.9 million (0.8 percent) over the FY 2005 level. Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) would receive $95.9 million, an increase of $800,000 (0.8 percent) over the FY 2005 level. Administration HEA Reauthorization proposals: Like the FY 2005 request, the FY 2006 budget provides a list of Administration policy proposals for the ongoing reauthorization of HEA. Some proposals have already been mentioned above. Others include: Higher subsidized loan limitsThe Administration proposes raising the annual borrowing limits for first-year students to $3500 (currently $2625), second-year students to $4500 (currently $3500), and graduate and professional students to $12,000 (currently $8500). Aggregate loan limits would increase by a corresponding amount. These loan limits have remained essentially unchanged since the mid-1970s, the request states. Permanent expanded loan forgiveness for math, science and special education teachersThe Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 more than tripled student loan forgiveness for highly qualified math, science and special education teachers serving low-income communitiesraising the amount from $5,000 to $17,500. The budget request includes a recommendation to make this expansion permanent. More flexible repayment optionsThe administration proposes more flexible repayment terms for borrowers under the FFEL program by allowing lenders to take part in certain long-term repayment options currently only available in the Direct Loan program. Institute of Education Sciences (IES): The Administration requests $479 million for IES, a cut of $44.2 million (8.4 percent) from the FY 2005 level. The request would level-fund IES Research, Development and Dissemination ($164.2 million) and Statistics ($90.9 million) accounts at their FY 2005 levels. The Assessment account would receive $116.6 million, an increase of $22.5 million (23.9 percent) over the FY 2006 level. This extra funding would help to pay the costs of administering 12th grade reading and mathematics assessments in each state in 2007, as called for by the President. The Research in Special Education account, recently moved into IES from EDs special education office, would be cut to $72.6 million, a reduction of $10.5 million (12.6 percent) from the FY 2005 level. However, the request would create a new $10 million Special Education Studies and Evaluations account. As in the past several years, the budget request seeks the elimination of IES Regional Education Laboratories ($66.1 million in FY 2005). The Administration maintains that the labs have not consistently provided high quality research and development products or evidence-based training and technical assistance. Math and Science Partnerships (MSP): The budget request would provide an increase of $90.4 million (50.6 percent) to EDs MSP activities, bringing the overall level to $269 million. However, this increase would coincide with the continued phase-out of NSFs MSP program, which would be cut $19.4 million under the budget request. NSF MSP funds are awarded competitively, whereas ED MSP funds have traditionally been disbursed to states via non-competitive block grants. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The budget request for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for FY 2005 is $3.59 billion. This is $333 million (8.5 percent) below the FY 2005 level. Similarly, $2.26 billion is requested for NOAAs operations, research, and facilities (ORF) activities, a cut of $245 million (8.5 percent) below the FY 2005 level. NOAA officials and budget documents, however, argue that when FY 2005 Congressional earmarks are removed from the equation, programmatic funding for most NOAA accounts would either increase or stay level under the budget request. A centerpiece of the budget request touted by NOAA Administrator Conrad Lautenbacher is a $95 million net increase in activities related to NOAAs participation in the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS), which involves over 50 nations. The biggest beneficiary of this funding would be the Geostationery Operational Environmental Satellites, which would receive a $52.6 million net increase. On a related note, $9.5 million is requested in the budget for the proposed expansion of the Tsunami Warning System. The Administration expects an additional $14-15 million to be provided in a special tsunami-related supplemental funding bill. The bulk of this funding would go towards adding 35 Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) buoys to the existing network (which currently consists of only six buoys) as well as adding 35 water level monitoring stations. Some funding would also be directed towards coordination and education activities with tsunami-endangered communities. While the budget documents make mention of the report issued last year by the US Commission on Ocean Policy, Lautenbacher admitted at the budget briefing that the report had come out too late in the year to truly have an impact on the FY 2006 budget. He did maintain, however, that many of NOAAs current activities and recent restructuring initiatives fit in to what the Commission recommended. He also expressed confidence that, with the proper structures being put in place both within NOAA and across the federal government, a national oceans policy would be established soon, and other recommendations of the report (including a doubling of oceans research funding) would be considered. The request would provide $372 million for the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), a cut of $42 million (10 percent) from the FY 2005 level. Requested levels within this amount: Climate Research: $177.6 million, $300,000 (less than 1 percent) over the FY 2005 level. Climate Observations and Services would receive the largest increase: $21.5 million (40 percent), bringing the FY 2006 level to $69.2 million. The Climate and Global Change program would be funded at $57.4 million, a cut of $10.1 million (15 percent) from the FY 2005 level. Laboratories and Joint Institutes would increase slightly to $47.9 million. Weather and Air Quality Research: $38.2 million, a cut of $12.7 million (25 percent) from the FY 2005 level. $37.2 million is requested for Laboratories and Joint Institutes, a programmatic increase of $1.7 million. The increase will be directed towards an Air Quality regional assessment that will characterize key atmospheric processes that drive air pollution problems in east Texas. The US Weather Research Program, which was recently transferred from the National Weather Service and funded at $3.2 million in FY 2005, would be eliminated from the OAR budget, though $500,000 would be transferred back to NWS. Ocean, Coastal and Great Lakes Research: $118.6 million, a cut of $28.3 million (19.2 percent) from the FY 2005 level. The Sea Grant College program would be slightly cut to $61.2 million. The Ocean Exploration program would be cut by $5.9 million (21 percent) to $22.7 million. Laboratories and Joint Institutes would be roughly level-funded at $20.1 million. The National Undersea Research Program would be cut by $6.8 million (39 percent) to $10.5 million. Information Technology, R&D and Science Education: $27.4 million, a cut of $1.7 million (5.8 percent) from the FY 2005 level. By contrast, the National Weather Service (NWS) would receive a sizable increase under the budget request. The request would provide $839 million for NWS, an increase of $56 million (7.2 percent) above the FY 2005 level. Requested levels within this amount: Local Warnings and Forecasts Base: $544.6 million, an increase of $21.7 million (4.1 percent) above the FY 2005 level. Central Forecast Guidance: $49.9 million, an increase of $3.8 million (8.2 percent) above the FY 2005 level. NEXRAD: $43.4 million, an increase of $4.6 million (12 percent) above the FY 2005 level. Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS): $37.5 million, an increase of $846,000 (2.3 percent) above the FY 2005 level. A significant increase is also requested for the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS). NESDIS would receive $963.9 million, an increase of $56.4 million (6.2 percent) above the FY 2005 level. This requested increase, however, is entirely focused on acquisition and construction activities, which would receive $810 million out of these funds. NESDIS ORF activities would actually be cut by $22 million (12.5 percent) to $154 million. Requested levels within this amount: Environmental Satellite Observing Systems: $100.3 million, a slight reduction from the FY 2005 level. Data Centers and Information Services: $53.7 million, a cut of $20.9 million (28 percent) from the FY 2005 level. National Institutes for Standards and Technology The FY 2006 budget request would provide $9.4 billion for the Department of Commerce, of which the Technology Administration (TA) would receive $536.2 million, a decrease of $162.5 million or 24 percent below the FY 2005 enacted level. Housed in the TA budget is funding for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which would receive $532 million, $167.2 million below the FY 2005 enacted level. Funding for NIST is divided into three areas: Scientific and Technical Research and Services (STRS); Industrial Technology Services (ITS); and Construction of Research Facilities (CRF). The STRS division, which provides funding for the NIST Laboratories, increases 12.5 percent or $47.5 million above the FY 2005 enacted level. Technology Administration ($ in millions) FY 2004 EnactedFY 2005 EnactedFY 2006 Request Percent Change over FY05Technology Administration$627.8$705.7$536.2- 24 percentNIST$621.5$699.2$532.0-24 percentScientific & Technical Research & Services$340.7$378.8$426.3+12.5 percentIndustrial Technology Services$216.5$247.9$46.8-81 percentConstruction of Research Facilities$64.3$72.5$58.9- 19 percent Scientific and Technical Research and Services (STRS): The request of $432 million for STRS includes $420.6 million for the NIST Laboratories. This budget would fund: $10 million to create a National Nanofabrication and Nanometrology User Facility, and to provide support for advances in key manufacturing areas such as nanomanufacturing and nanometrology. $4 million for Nanomanufacturing Research to develop standards and measurements in various nanotechnology fields and the utilization of the Advanced Measurement Laboratory (AML). $3 million for research on measurement technologies for homeland and cyber security. $7.2 million for advanced measurement capabilities for support emerging technologies in areas such as biosystems. Construction of Research Facilities (CRF): The request includes $58.9 million for CRF, of which $23.9 million would go to modernize facilities and laboratories, $3.4 million would go to the maintenance for the AML, and $32 million would go to facility improvements at the Boulder and Gaithersburg NIST Laboratories. Industrial Technological Services (ITS): This portion of the request reflects the Administrations continuing desire to eliminate the programs within this division. The request would completely eliminate the Advanced Technology Program and would reduce the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership to $46.8 million, a 56 percent reduction from the FY 2005 enacted level of 107.5 million. United States Geological Survey The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a bureau of the Department of the Interior (DOI), would be cut by $1 million (0.1 percent) to $934 million under the Presidents FY 2006 budget request. At the USGS budget briefing, Director of the USGS, Chip Groat, remained positive about the request as it was up from the Presidents request of $919.8 million for FY 2005. He said the budget request reflects the efforts of the agency to give more support to natural hazards, ecosystem studies, earth observation, water availability, and biology rather than lower priority research programs. The request includes increases for: Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geographic Investigations ($14.7 million increase [12 percent], to $133.5 million); Biological Research ($1.2 million increase [less that 1 percent], to $172.9 million); Enterprise Information ($3.4 million increase [7.6 percent], to $47.8 million); Science Support ($6.7 million increase [10 percent], to $72.3 million); and Facilities ($115,000 increase [less than 1 percent], to $94.7). The request would cut Geologic Hazards, Resources, and Processes by $21.1 million (9 percent), to $208.1 million. However, within this division Geologic Hazards Assessments would receive an increase of $6.2 million (8 percent), Geologic Landscape and Coastal Assessments would receive an increase of $975 thousand (1 percent), and Geologic Resource Assessment would be cut by $28.3 million (37 percent). One notable highlight includes the $8.4 million included in the Tsunami Supplemental bill and $5.4 million in the request for the continued development of the Global and Domestic Seismic Networks and the National Earthquake Information Center. Earthquake hazards as a whole would receive a $4.4 million increase (9 percent), to $51.3 million. Director Goat said that included in that amount would be $4.8 million for the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). PAGE  PAGE - 20 - February 8, 2005 Lewis-Burke Associates LLC 67Ma|; < = > G ȼȳ}tcWWWShIajhh5CJ aJ hhCJOJQJ^JaJhIaj5CJ aJ hIajhU5CJ aJ hIajh5CJ aJ h5CJ aJ h5CJ(aJ(hUh5CJ(aJ(hU5CJ aJ hh75CJ(aJ(hhU5CJ(aJ(hU5CJ(aJ(hIaj5CJ(aJ(hUhU5CJ(aJ( hU5jhn#UJcz{| $7$8$H$a$gdQ   , ; < > ! " # ? @ o dd[$\$gdlgdl$a$gdl$a$gdlgdlgd$a$gdIaj $7$8$H$a$gdQ G Z ! 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