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A proper noun begins with a capital letter and may include more than one word. Ex: Rob Mason, Tennessee, Lake Louise A compound noun has more than one word. Ex: study hall, mother-in-law, skyscraper Pronouns A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns. An antecedent is the word or group of words that a pronoun replaces or refers to. List of Personal Pronouns First person Singular Plural (speaker) I, me, my mine we, us, our, ours Second person (person spoken to) you, your, yours you, your, yours Third person (person or thing he, him, his they, them spoken about) she, her, hers their, theirs it, its Other Kinds of Pronouns Indefinite pronouns – usually doesn’t have a definite antecedent; refers to an unnamed person or thing. Common Indefinite Pronouns all both few nothing another each many one any either most several anybody everybody neither some anyone everyone none someone anything everything no one something Demonstrative pronouns – point out persons and things Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those Interrogative pronouns – are used to ask questions Interrogative Pronouns what which who whom whose Verbs An action verb tells what action a subject is performing. To find an action verb, first find the subject of the sentence and then ask yourself, What is the subject doing? Action verbs can show physical action, mental action, or ownership. Physical action – The frog swallowed the fly. Mental action – I forgot his name. Ownership – Jeffrey has a new bicycle. Linking Verbs A linking verb links the subject with another word in the sentence. The other word either renames or describes the subject. Common Linking Verbs be shall be have been is will be has been am can be had been are could be could have been was should be should have been were would be may have been may be might have been might be must have been Additional Linking Verbs appear grow seem stay become look smell taste feel remain sound turn Linking Verb or Action Verb Some of the additional linking verbs are not always used as linking verbs. Those words can also be used as action verbs. Ask yourself, What is the verb doing in the sentence? If the verb links a subject to a word that renames or describes it, it’s a linking verb. If the verb is used to show action, it’s an action verb. Helping Verbs A verb phrase is a main verb plus one or more helping verbs. Common Helping Verbs be – am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been have – has, have, had do – do, does, did others – may, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would A main verb may have one or more helping verbs. One or more words may interrupt a verb phrase. Not and its contraction n’t are never part of a verb phrase. 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