ࡱ> XZW'` XGbjbjLULU .H.?.?<4,+++++++$/h'2,i''',,+++'V++'++++ 02X)++,0,+2+2+2+$gB+!E$C,,+ ,''''\$\ Chapter 7: Ancient India Lesson 1 Geography and Indian Life MAIN IDEAS Geography In India, mountains and seasonal winds shape the climate and affect agriculture. Government The earliest Indian civilization built well-organized cities near the Indus River. Culture Harappan civilization produced writing, a prosperous way of life, and a widely shared culture. Physical Geography of India ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do mountains and seasonal winds shape the climate of India? The Indian Subcontinent India is a subcontinentlarge landmass like a continent, but smaller - includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, most of Pakistan Kite-shaped subcontinent is also known as South Asia Theory states it was a separate land that slowly moved toward Asia - two lands collided; mountains pushed up where lands joined Mountains and Waterways Hindu Kush, Himalayashigh mountain ranges over Indias north border " Ganges and Indus rivers irrigate and deposit fertile silt on land " Indus River valley was home to fi rst Indian civilization " Saraswati River once ran parallel to Indus, but dried up " India surrounded by Arabia Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal - travel made possible by these waters encouraged trade Chapter 7: Ancient India World History: Ancient Civilizations 2 Climate Tall mountains block cold north winds, create warm Indian climate Monsoonsseasonal winds - create rainy summer seasongood for crops, but can cause fl oods - also create dry winter season REVIEW QUESTION How do Indias rivers and climate affect agriculture? Chapter 7: Ancient India World History: Ancient Civilizations 3 Cities in the Indus Valley ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why was the earliest Indian civilization located near the Indus River? Early Inhabitants Indus River valley civilization began with agriculture - raised wheat, barley - grew cotton and made fabric by 3000 B.C.; fi rst Asians to do so - domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, chickens Replaced stone tools with copper, bronze tools Trade created wealth, led to more complex culture Great Cities Some villages grew into great cities by 2500 B.C. - Indus, Saraswati valleys had hundreds of cities Largest cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had 35,000 people each Ancient Indus Valley culture is called Harappan civilization Planned cities built by design with protective walls, street grids - public buildings possibly used for religious, government functions Dealing with Problems Harappan cities had sewers, houses with bathrooms and toilets Complex cities required planning, organization, powerful leaders - Harappan governmentstructure unknown, but must have been strong - may have had priests, kings, or combination of both Harappan Culture ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were the cultural features of Harappan civilization? Harappan Writing Harappan writing remains mysterious, has never been translated - had 500 pictographspicture signsfor words or sounds or both Until writing is translated, must use artifacts to study Harappans Harappan Religion No temples found for specifi c gods, but found evidence of religion - Mohenjo-Daro public bath may have been used for cleansing rituals - fi gurines of holy animals (bulls) and women (perhaps goddesses) found A Widespread and Prosperous Culture Harappan culture spread across wide region - cities with common design spread across 500,000 square-mile area People used standard weights and measures Trade wealth allowed luxuries like bronze statues, clay toys Traded timber, ivory, and beads with Mesopotamians - received silver, tin, woolen cloth in return Challenges to Harappan Life Earthquakes shook region around 2000 to 1500 B.C. - possibly caused Saraswati River to dry up - may also have caused Indus River to fl ood Disasters caused Harappan people to leave cities - Harappan civilization declined REVIEW QUESTION How is the Harappan writing similar to hieroglyphs? Chapter 7: Ancient India World History: Ancient Civilizations 5 Lesson Summary The rivers of India and the seasonal monsoons helped make agriculture possible. Agricultural wealth led to the rise of a complex civilization in the Indus Valley. The prosperous Harappan culture lasted for about 800 years. Why It Matters Now . . . Ancient Indians developed products that are still important today. They were the first people to domesticate chickens and the fi rst Asians to produce cotton cloth. Lesson 2 The Origins of Hinduism MAIN IDEAS Culture A group of nomadic people moved into India and took over what was left of Harappan civilization. Government Under Aryan rule, Indian society developed a distinct system of social classes that still affects India today. Belief Systems Over time, the belief of the Aryans developed into the religion of Hinduism. Aryans Move Into India ESSENTIAL QUESTION Who were the Aryans? The Indo-European Migrations Hittites (who fought Egyptians) belonged to Indo-European group - Indo-Europeans all spoke dialects of Indo-European language Most were nomads, lived in family clans, herded livestock - warriors rode horse-driven chariots, used long bows, bronze axes Indo-Europeans fl ed homeland around 2000 B.C. for unknown reason - Hittites went to Southwest Asia, many others settled in Europe The Aryan Invasions AryansIndo-European herders who went east to India about 1500 B.C. - lived in simple houses, spoke Indo-European language of Sanskrit Historians once thought Aryans drove Harappans from walled cities - now believe that Harappan cities were in ruins before Aryans came REVIEW QUESTION Who were the Aryans, and where did they come from? Chapter 7: Ancient India World History: Ancient Civilizations 2 Changes to Indian Life ESSENTIAL QUESTION How was Aryan society organized? The Caste System " Aryans spread language, religion to Indias Dravidian people " Aryans warrior, priest, commoner classes grew into caste system - caste social class whose members are identifi ed by their jobs - thousands of caste groups organized into four categories - untouchablesfi fth group later formed below others, did unwanted jobs Aryan Beliefs and Brahmanism Early Aryan religion is called Brahmanism today after Aryan priests - worshiped nature gods, sacrifi ced animals to gods in sacred fi res Ceremonies became complex, lasting days or months - rituals, hymns recorded in Sanskrit texts, called the Vedas Brahmanism changed in time to belief in one spirit governing the world Epic poem Mahabharata and its Bhagavad Gita section retell legends REVIEW QUESTION What is the caste system? Chapter 7: Ancient India World History: Ancient Civilizations 3 Hinduism: The Religion of India ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did the religion of Hinduism develop? Many Gods Bhagavad Gita is most important text of Hinduism - Hinduismmajor Indian religion that grew from early Brahmanism Hindus have many gods that are part of one supreme God, life force Most important gods include Brahma, the creator - Vishnu, the protector - Shiva, the destroyerdestroys world so it can be recreated Many Lives " Hindus believe in reincarnation each person has many lives " Hindus behavior in life determines what they will be in next life " Reincarnation is determined by karma doctrine - good deeds mean a person will be reborn as higher "<Gg  , D F [ AϷvaIaaIa4)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJ0OJQJ\^JaJ0ph!hB"h] B*OJQJ^Jph/hB"h] 5B*CJ$OJQJ\^JaJ$ph/hB"h] 5B*CJHOJQJ\^JaJHph/hB"h] 5B*CJ OJQJ\^JaJ ph<G J g 5 s , D A 7$8$H$gd] XGJZEW}\rϺydLyϺ7Ϻ7)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJ0OJQJ\^JaJ0ph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph!hB"h] B*OJQJ^Jph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJ$OJQJ\^JaJ$ph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJ QJ \^J aJph*JZ4EWI}3rR 7$8$H$gd] rt2l}CU(L ꢊydyO)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph!hB"h] B*OJQJ^Jph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJ0OJQJ\^JaJ0ph/hB"h] 5B*CJ$OJQJ\^JaJ$ph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJphl}CU(Ly'\4g c 7$8$H$gd]   *ATi  ϺϺyaIyϺ4Ϻ)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJ0OJQJ\^JaJ0ph!hB"h] B*OJQJ^Jph/hB"h] 5B*CJHOJQJ\^JaJHph/hB"h] 5B*CJ OJQJ\^JaJ ph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJ$OJQJ\^JaJ$ph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJ QJ \^J aJphcmj1T*AiB dgd] 7$8$H$gd]  &_d/?r $!.!U"r"""#ҽҥgO77/hB"h] 5B*CJ$OJQJ\^JaJ$ph/hB"h] 5B*CJ0OJQJ\^JaJ0ph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJ QJ \^J aJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph!hB"h] B*OJQJ^Jph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph/?r !! "U"r"""2#p###$($h$$$$%C%% 7$8$H$gd] #####$($f$h$$$$$$$% %&4&\&v&Һ|dL4L4/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph/hB"h] 5B*CJ$OJQJ\^JaJ$ph/hB"h] 5B*CJ0OJQJ\^JaJ0ph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJ QJ \^J aJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph!hB"h] B*OJQJ^Jph/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJph/hB"h] 6B*CJOJ QJ ]^J aJph%%%&4&&8''DODDDE'EfEVFFXGgd] 7$8$H$gd] v&z''(DE'EVGXGhB"h] B*ph/hB"h] 5B*CJ$OJQJ\^JaJ$phU/hB"h] 5B*CJOJQJ\^JaJph)hB"h] B*CJOJQJ^JaJphbeing - evil deeds mean a person will be reborn as lower being, such as insect Hindus believe animals also have life force, so many are vegetarians Reincarnation creates cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth - cycle ends when person realizes his or her soul is one with God Many Paths to God Hindus connect to God by individual paths; path includes job - Hindus carry out lifes assigned duties as part of caste system " Spiritual practices include meditation to calm mind, yoga - the practice of yoga includes exercise, diet, breathing techniques ,1h/ =!"#$% @@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DAD Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No ListH<GJg5s,D FHb Kf "e9k2 w  S 9 y  Z 7 c "VG={9:[fICD"f-Dx L3y4y@J}5MGN#_0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000={#_0h 000$0 0000r  #v&XG!c%XG XG8@0(  B S  ?S} <ڦ~ |ڦ ڦ ڦ <ۦ |ۦ |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |   < |}}@LT[jjR 2H\cvYY_;}  hhrZZ//5<<~      !"#$&%')(*,+-./0312456879;:<=>?@BACDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRJRY`rr[7Mbf##^ee@$ $ qww__4;;AA  !"#$&%')(*,+-./0231456879;:<=>?@BACDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR8$*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity=O*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType=P*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceNameBR*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region9S*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace  SRSPOSRSRSRRRRRSRSSSSSPOPOSRPOSSRSRSRSPOSPOSPOS$SSPPOS$SPOSPOSRSRSPOSRSRSRSSRSRSRSRv} NPQTBK    \ ^ _ f hq&NVIRy2:;=LSTWrtT\]aLTUYQSJM\i4 :  \ ^ X`CFhk NW5>IMFMPUad33333333333333333333333333333333333333 B"] C|@Nd{{{{{{@@@ @@@ @D@@&@@@FUnknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialU FranklinGothic-DemiCndCGiovanni-BoldE Frutiger-Roman?Times-Roman=Times-BoldK Univers-CondensedS Univers-CondensedBoldATimes-Italic"qhF77!24d2HP)?] 2Chapter 7: Ancient IndiaAntonio De La CruzknuezOh+'0  ( H T `lt|Chapter 7: Ancient IndiaAntonio De La CruzNormalknuez3Microsoft Office Word@@n-@X՜.+,0 hp|  7' Chapter 7: Ancient India Title  !"#$&'()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFHIJKLMNPQRSTUVYRoot Entry F 7X[Data %1Table-2WordDocument.HSummaryInformation(GDocumentSummaryInformation8OCompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q