ࡱ> { \bjbjzz (N **4h 4APvPPPPP+++OOOOOOO$QiTO+++++OPPO+ PPO+ON`MOPRK;G5NO0OP0AP8OTUU`OUO +++OO+++AP++++U+++++++++* J: Tips for Writing the Synthesis Essay What is a synthesis essay? It is a short research paper. You are given resources to use in support of a thesis that you develop after you (quickly!) read the prompt and resources. You will have 15 minutes to read and consider a collection of resources: excerpts from articles, books, and journals, photographs, charts and graphs, illustrations or cartoons. There will always be one or two graphics for you to read. As you read these resources, you must annotate them relative to the prompt. READ THE PROMPT CAREFULLY. Understand its subject and your task. Use the prompt as a lens as you read the resources. The Synthesis Essay, like the Persuasive Essay, is likely to offer one of three types of prompts. The prompt will ask you to: defend, challenge, or qualify a claim; develop a position on a given topic; or evaluate several factors related to a topic. Annotate the prompt, underline its verbs, be sure you know precisely what you are being asked to do. Write your thesis, which should be a clear (generally one sentence) statement expressing your opinion and showing what you will argue. Use the prompt to create your thesis. Stick to the limits of what you are being asked to do do not go rogue and wander away from the prompt. Quickly outline your main points (shoot for three) on your planning page. Write it out. Do NOT try to keep your outline in your head and just start writing. Use the minimum number of resources your prompt requires (usually three or four), but do not worry about having to use more. You may, but you do not have to and will not lose points for failing to do so. Citing all of the resources will not make your paper stronger. Do not merely adopt the arguments you see in the resources. Consider yourself as a writer who participates in a conversation with the sources. Your case should indicate critical thinking on your part going beyond what the sources have said. Your own observations on and knowledge of the given subject are important, too. Use both direct and indirect references to the resources you include. This means do not be overly reliant on direct quotations. Use some, but also paraphrase some of your source material, continuing to use appropriate citations. Summarizing and paraphrasing requires skills beyond merely adding quotations from sources, which is why the AP requires you to do both. Being able to use both types of references demonstrates your skill as a writer. Cite only what is needed, not more, not less. If you only need a small phrase from a quotation, use that. Generally speaking, use direct quotations when you cannot say it better in a paraphrase than the original. Do not awkwardly change the tense of a quote using parentheses in order to fit your prose. Use paraphrasing instead. When paraphrasing, be careful not to interpret. Shorten the work with precision, keeping the exact argument intact. Do not misrepresent evidence to make it fit your thesis. You may even use some exact words or phrases from the original, but you will be writing your own statement (with citation, of course!). End every paragraph with your own sentence, not with a quote. The essay is yours, so your voice must dominate it. Even in your conclusion, if you use an engaging quotation, end with one more sentence of your own prose to signal your complete ownership of the essay. Incorporating and Citing Materials from Your Sources Use signal phrases to introduce your sources, ideally identifying them by name and title, such as: As UCLA researcher Lori Smith suggests; According to Sam Jones, director of the College Testing Board, ; and then cite the source at the end by its letter in parentheses. Examples: Therefore, it is unfair to blame the increase in childhood obesity on soft drink consumption. As Kristen Powers of the Grocery Manufactures of America points out, The rise in obesity is the result of many complex factors affecting eating and activity behaviors, and there are no simple solutions (Source C). In The Demise of Dailies: An Honest Look Sanders says that the availability of newspapers online helps democratize society because anyone with internet can access not only the local paper, but also national and international papers (Source D). As found in a study by the University of Ottawa, countries that embrace animal rights tend to have less crime overall (Source A). Avoid saying: As Source C suggests or As shown in Source B. While it is technically accurate, it is unsophisticated. In most cases, you will be able to cite the resource either by its author or its source (see examples above), and save the Source A, Source B stuff for your parenthetical citations. Provide analysis of your evidence: What does this quotation demonstrate, reveal, or suggest regarding your thesis? For body paragraphs, generally do the following: open with a claim directly related to your thesis use source materials to support it, using signal phrases, argument verbs, and parenthetical citations (Source A, Source B, etc.) provide analysis of the quotation/paraphrase relative to your claim link the material back to your thesis. 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Arial Narrow;WingdingsACambria Math h--.  &.  &!24DD KqP t2!xx $Tips for Writing the Synthesis EssayITD AAPSTamara Hanford Scholtz`              Oh+'0 (4 T ` lx(Tips for Writing the Synthesis Essay ITD AAPS Normal.dotmTamara Hanford Scholtz2Microsoft Office Word@@Vt=;G@Vt=;G. GDVT$mf p&" WMFCA wl0 O g EMF@   0 Rp@"Arial't)&`m1t) h&X)&X.v1h&t) .v1`3.* Arial&n/p1 &ln1&Hb2'@dv% % % % % %   T$`oAA`$L0 Tips for Writing the Synthesis Essay          TToAAL0 P  Rp@Times New Roman't)&`m1t) h&X)&X.v1h&t) ,.v1`G* Times ew Roman&n/p1 &ln1&Hb2',Pdv% % % % % %   TT`fAA`L0 P i   T|`AA`]L0 What is a  synthesis essay? It is a short research paper. You are given resources to use in      T`AA`bL0 support of a thesis that you develop after you (quickly!) read the prompt and resources. You will         T`AA`L0 have 15 minutes to read and   TTAAL0 P  TAAGL0 consider a collection of resources: excerpts from articles, books, and       T_AA`aL0 journals, photographs, charts and graphs, illustrations or cartoons. There will always be one or           TX`AA`WL0 two graphics for you to  read. As you read these resources, you must annotate them rel     TAA L0 `ative to     TL`AA`UL0 the prompt. READ THE PROMPT CAREFULLY. Understand its subject and your task. Use the            TT`t#AA` ,L0 prompt as a lens as you read the resources.   TTu{#AAu L0 P  Rp@"Arial'(D%`m1( %($&X.v1%( <.v1`3.* Arial%n/p1 &ln1&Hb24&<`dv% % % % % %  % % %  TX`,l>AA`;L0 P1)% % %  TTm,w=AAm;L0 P % % %  Tdx,>AAx;YL0 The Synthesis Essay, like the Persuasive Essay, is likely to offer one of three types of       !0 " Rp@Times New Roman't)&`m1t) h&X)&X.v1h&t) L.v1`G* Times ew Roman&n/p1 &ln1&Hb2&" WMFC W'Lpdv% % % % % %  % % %  Tx>5PAAxML0 prompts. The prompt will ask      TT6>9PAA6ML0 P  T|:>jPAA:ML0 \you to: % % %  Tpk>PAAkML0 Xdefend% % %  TX>PAAML0 P, % % %  T>PAAM L0 `challenge% % %  Tl>PAAML0 X, or % % %  Tx> PAAML0 \qualify% % %  TT!>$PAA!ML0 P  T%>\PAA%M L0 `a claim;   % % %  T]>PAA]M L0 `develop a  !0 "  % % %  T|vPbAAx_L0 \position% % %  TTPbAA_L0 P  TP/bAA_L0 xon a given topic; or % % %  T|0PfbAA0_L0 \evaluate% % %  TTgPibAAg_L0 P  TjPbAAj_9L0 several factors related to a topic. Annotate the prompt,    !0 "  % % %  T0xckuAAxr&L0 underline its verbs, be sure you know   % % %  TjcuAAlr L0 `precisely% % %  TTcuAArL0 P  TctuAArL0 what you are being asked to do.  TTuc{uAAurL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TX`ulAA`L0 P2)% % %  TTmuwAAmL0 P % % %  TxuAAxL0 xWrite your thesis, whi  TuAACL0 ch should be a clear (generally one sentence) statement expressing     !0 "   T|xAAx]L0 your opinion and showing what you will argue. Use the prompt to create your thesis. Stick to          !0 "   T\xAAx-L0 the limits of what you are being asked to do     TTAAL0 P  TTAAL0 P  TPAA+L0 do not go  rogue and wander away from the      !0 "   TpxAAxL0 Xprompt  TXAAL0 P.  TTAAL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TX`lAA`L0 P3)% % %  TTmwAAmL0 P % % %  TpxAAx[L0 Quickly outline your main points (shoot for three) on your planning page. Write it out. Do   &" WMFC 7    !0 "   Tx AAxAL0 NOT try to keep your outline in your head and just start writing.    TTAAL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TX`lAA`L0 P4)% % %  TTmwAAmL0 P % % %  TdxAAxYL0 Use the minimum number of resources your prompt requires (usually three or four), but do        !0 "  % % %  TxxAAxL0 \not wor  TAA!L0 ry about having to use more. You    % % %  T`AAL0 Tmay % % %  TxAA2L0 , but you do not have to and will not lose points    !0 "  % % %  Tx"AAxL0 for failing to do so. Citing    % % %  T`#2AA#L0 Tall% % %  TT37AA3L0 P  T8AA84L0 of the resources will not make your paper stronger.     TTAAL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TX`l-AA`*L0 P5)% % %  TTmw,AAm*L0 P % % %  TDx-AAx*TL0 Do not merely adopt the arguments you see in the resources. Consider yourself as a w        Tp-AA*L0 Xriter  !0 "   Tdx-?AAx<YL0 who participates in a conversation with the sources. Your case should indicate critical       !0 "   Tx@RAAxOL0 xthinking on your part   TT@RAAOL0 P  TT@RAAOL0 P  T@RAAO@L0 going beyond what the sources have said. Your own observations      !0 "   TxRdAAxa9L0 on and knowledge of the given subject are important, too.     TTRdAAaL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TX`dlvAA`sL0 P6)% % %  TTmdwuAAmsL0 P % % %  TxdvAAxs L0 `Use both % % %  TpdvAAsL0 Xdirect% % %&" WMFC   TTdvAAsL0 P  TddvAAsL0 Tand % % %  T|d*vAAsL0 \indirect% % %  TT+d/vAA+sL0 P  T0dvAA0s>L0 references to the resources you include. This means do not be    !0 "   TXxwAAxWL0 overly reliant on direct quotations. Use some, but also paraphrase some of your source      !0 "   TdxAAxYL0 material, continuing to use appropriate citations. Summarizing and paraphrasing requires        !0 "   TdxAAxL0 Tskil T\AAXL0 ls beyond merely adding quotations from sources, which is why the AP requires you to do         !0 "   TLxAAxUL0 both. Being able to use both types of references demonstrates your skill as a writer.      TTAAL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TXxAAxL0 Pa)% % %  TTAAL0 P % % %  T8AARL0 Cite only what is needed, not more, not less. If you only need a small phrase from      TTAAL0 P  TXAAL0 Pa  !0 "   TPAAVL0 quotation, use that. Generally speaking, use direct quotations when you cannot say it     !0 "   THAA*L0 better in a paraphrase than the original.   TTAAL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TXx AAxL0 Pb)% % %  TT AAL0 P % % %  TD AATL0 Do not awkwardly change the tense of a quote using parentheses in order to fit your     !0 "   T  [AA L0 prose. Use paraphrasing instead.   TT\ bAA\L0 P  !0 "  % % %  TXx.AAx+L0 Pc)% % %  TT-AA+L0 P % % %  Tx.AA+L0 \When pa T8.A &WMFCA+RL0 raphrasing, be careful not to interpret. Shorten the work with precision, keeping       !0 "   T\/AAA>XL0 the exact argument intact. Do not misrepresent evidence to make it fit your thesis. You         !0 "   TPASAAPVL0 may even use some exact words or phrases from the original, but you will be writing yo          T`ASAAPL0 Tur  !0 "   TPTfAAc+L0 own statement (with citation, of course!).      TTTfAAcL0 P  !0 "  % % %  TXxfxAAxuL0 Pd)% % %  TTfwAAuL0 P % % %  Tf{xAAuKL0 End every paragraph with your own sentence, not with a quote. The essay is     % % %  TlzfxAA|uL0 Xyours% % %  TlfxAAuL0 X, so  !0 "  % % %  TdxAAL0 Tyour% % %  TTxAAL0 P  T@xAASL0 voice must dominate it. Even in your conclusion, if you use an engaging quotation,         !0 "   T$AA$L0 end with one more sentence of your o   TxAA2L0 wn prose to signal your complete ownership of the      !0 "   TpAAL0 Xessay. TTAAL0 P  !0 " % % 6 60 60666/6/666.6.6   0.@"Arial------ A2 `$0 Tips for Writing the Synthesis Essay           2 0   @Times New Roman------  2 `0    2 `]0 What is a synthesis essay? It is a short research paper. You are given resources to use in     2 `b0 support of a thesis that you develop after you (quickly!) read the prompt and resources. You will        42 `0 have 15 minutes to read and    2 0   v2 G0 consider a collection of resources: excerpts from articles, books, and      2 `a0 journals, photographs, charts and graphs, illustrations or cartoons. There will always be one or          2 `W0 two graphics for you to read. As you read these resources, you must annotate them rel      2  0 ative to    2 `U0 the prompt. READ THE PROMPT CAREFULLY. Understand its subject and your task. Use the e          M2 `,0 prompt as a lens as you read the resources.    2 u0   @"Arial--------- 2 ;`0 1)---  2 ;m0  --- 2 ;xY0 The Synthesis Essay, like the Persuasive Essay, is likely to offer one of three types of       , 0'@Times New Roman--------- 52 Mx0 prompts. The prompt will ask       2 M60   2 M:0 you to: --- 2 Mk0 defend--- 2 M0 , --- 2 M 0 challenge--- 2 M0 , or d--- 2 M0 qualify ---  2 M!0   2 M% 0 a claim;   --- 2 M] 0 develop a  , 0'--- 2 _x0 position---  2 _0   +2 _0 on a given topic; or --- 2 _00 evaluate---  2 _g0   a2 _j90 several factors related to a topic. Annotate the prompt,    , 0'--- D2 rx&0 underline its verbs, be sure you know   --- 2 rl 0 precisely---  2 r0   :2 r0 what you are being asked to do.   2 ru0   , 0'--- 2 `0 2)---  2 m0  --- ,2 x0 Write your thesis, whi  p2 C0 ch should be a clear (generally one sentence) statement expressing     , 0' 2 x]0 your opinion and showing what you will argue. Use the prompt to create your thesis. Stick to          , 0' O2 x-0 the limits of what you are being asked to do      2 0   2 0   L2 +0 do not go rogue and wander away from the o     , 0' 2 x0 prompt  2 0 .   2 0   , 0'--- 2 `0 3)---  2 m0  --- 2 x[0 Quickly outline your main points (shoot for three) on your planning page. Write it out. Do o       , 0' m2 xA0 NOT try to keep your outline in your head and just start writing.g     2 0   , 0'--- 2 `0 4)---  2 m0  --- 2 xY0 Use the minimum number of resources your prompt requires (usually three or four), but do o        , 0'--- 2 x0 not wore  =2 !0 ry about having to use more. You k   --- 2 0 may --- V2 20 , but you do not have to and will not lose points    , 0'--- 72 x0 for failing to do so. Citing    --- 2 #0 all---  2 30   Y2 840 of the resources will not make your paper stronger.      2 0   , 0'--- 2 *`0 5)---  2 *m0  --- 2 *xT0 Do not merely adopt the arguments you see in the resources. Consider yourself as a w        2 *0 riter  , 0' 2 <xY0 who participates in a conversation with the sources. Your case should indicate critical o       , 0' ,2 Ox0 thinking on your part    2 O0   2 O0   k2 O@0 going beyond what the sources have said. Your own observations      , 0' a2 ax90 on and knowledge of the given subject are important, too.a      2 a0   , 0'--- 2 s`0 6)---  2 sm0  --- 2 sx 0 Use both --- 2 s0 direct---  2 s0   2 s0 and --- 2 s0 indirect---  2 s+0   h2 s0>0 references to the resources you include. This means do not be    , 0' 2 xW0 overly reliant on direct quotations. Use some, but also paraphrase some of your source      , 0' 2 xY0 material, continuing to use appropriate citations. Summarizing and paraphrasing requires o        , 0' 2 x0 skil 2 X0 ls beyond merely adding quotations from sources, which is why the AP requires you to do         , 0' 2 xU0 both. Being able to use both types of references demonstrates your skill as a writer.d       2 0   , 0'--- 2 x0 a)---  2 0  --- 2 R0 Cite only what is needed, not more, not less. If you only need a small phrase from       2 0   2 0 a  , 0' 2 V0 quotation, use that. Generally speaking, use direct quotations when you cannot say it     , 0' J2 *0 better in a paraphrase than the original.    2 0   , 0'--- 2 x0 b)---  2 0  --- 2 T0 Do not awkwardly change the tense of a quote using parentheses in order to fit your     , 0' ;2  0 prose. Use paraphrasing instead.    2 \0   , 0'--- 2 +x0 c)---  2 +0  --- 2 +0 When pat 2 +R0 raphrasing, be careful not to interpret. Shorten the work with precision, keeping       , 0' 2 >X0 the exact argument intact. Do not misrepresent evidence to make it fit your thesis. You         , 0' 2 PV0 may even use some exact words or phrases from the original, but you will be writing yo          2 P0 ur  , 0' L2 c+0 own statement (with citation, of course!).       2 c0   , 0'--- 2 ux0 d)---  2 u0  --- |2 uK0 End every paragraph with your own sentence, not with a quote. The essay is     --- 2 u|0 yoursp--- 2 u0 , so p , 0'--- 2 0 your---  2 0   2 S0 voice must dominate it. Even in your conclusion, if you use an engaging quotation,         , 0' A2 $0 end with one more sentence of your o   V2 20 wn prose to signal your complete ownership of the      , 0' 2 0 essay.  2 0   , 0'"System--  00//..՜.+,0T hp  GISD& D %Tips for Writing the Synthesis Essay%Tips for Writing the Synthesis Essay Title Headings  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry FPL;G1TablewUWordDocument(SummaryInformation(@DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjr  F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q