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Name: FORMTEXT Jennifer Reynolds
Grade Level/Subject: FORMTEXT 9-12, Pre-Algebra, Algebra I
Topic: FORMTEXT Adding and Subtracting Integers
Objectives (P.A.S.S.): FORMTEXT Standard 2: Number Sense-The student will use numbers and number relationships to acquire basic facts and determine the reasonableness of results. 1. Integers: a. Compare and order positive and negative integers and describe their use in real life situations. b. Use the basic operations on integers to solve problems. (7th grade mathematics content standard)
Introduction: FORMTEXT Adding and subtracting integers is a basic skill that seems to be lacking in many high school Pre-Algebra and even Algebra I students. Although the skill is supposed to be mastered, according to P.A.S.S. standards, in the 7th grade, the students continue to struggle with this concept.
Instructional process: FORMTEXT Students were pre-tested using a 25 point quiz. I used many types of activities in the classroom to model integer problems. To begin with, the students were given cards with positive and negative signs on them. We talked about neutral pairs consisting of one positive and one negative with the value being zero. The students then modeled integer problems by grouping according to positives and negatives, then pairing off as neutral pairs. It was then easy to see how many were left over and whether they were positive or negative. The next activity was to transfer their models to paper using a "score board". We played the positive team against the negative team. Again, it quickly became obvious to the students who "won" the game and by how much. After exploring with several problems, the students wrote out the "rules" for adding and subtracting integers as they understood it. Additional discussion cleared up any misunderstandings. I used a sample activity from Geometer's Sketchpad that allowed the students to model problems involving integers on a number line and get immediate feedback. The students also used playing cards to add integers, using the red suits as negative integers and the black ones as positive. The final activity was a quiz on the smart board using integer problems. Students took turns anwering a question and then chose another student to find a different problem that matched the answer. This proved to be more of a challenge than they thought it would be. After three days of practice and activities, students were given the same test to measure improvement.
Closure: FORMTEXT The quiz on the smart board served as the closure to this lesson.
Assessment: FORMTEXT A total of 83 students were tested, in four classes. Ten students were absent for either the pre or post test. The change in test scores for the remainder of the students ranged from a -4% change to an 84% gain. It was clear from the results that the Algebra I students needed the review and that the Pre-Algebra students will need additional reinforcement before the concept is fully mastered.
Modifications/Accommodations: FORMTEXT By using a variety of activities, all students were able to participate and gain from the lessons regardless of language abilities or other considerations. IEP students benefited from group work and discussion.
Reflection: FORMTEXT I tried to combine both subtracting and adding integers into one lesson, even though I did spread it out over a few days. I should have focused solely on adding first and then moved on after the students had a mastery of that skill. I plan to re-visit the lesson with my Pre-Algebra students and break it down into smaller pieces for them. The Algebra I students, for the most part, could handle the fast pace.
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