ࡱ> 8Root EntryHiAHx8*|K`(A4{ FAHP"a0(1Table@<`8cHxxHрAHA(x8O8`WordDocumentxxxHYAHT@Hx8H%A,@ 8ADP`6rSummaryInformationAH <`8cX8!P(!|xxKBq`8,x 8!@(" !I#$%&'*),+/-.312456@BCDEFGHJcKLMdefghijklmnopq? [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph Font0  ./0Liqr { | )$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6 $6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6./r { | )h-$+3 UnknownCecilia A. ConradPomona CollegeCharles S. LevyCecilia ConradOIT]b%2+  Cecilia A. Conrad;Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of Document2Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2.Cecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2.Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.doc@)'))*-.Kq!%FH u 7 { | `c'()A@@Z@ @\@@@@@@AAAAAA>AA\A2A6@0@@A2@@A>AA@v @ A A!A!A"Ah#@$@$@F@@$A$@%A'@|@@'A 'A>'A|'A(A(@f)@Z@@"Ah)A*@+@AT@+A+@d@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times"qh1ZZ2 !20 ,-STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWOCecilia A. ConradCecilia A. Conrad #|+}z   ^+rz D+z Options...''''xK3_Insertf3zCancel''''f3-K_EjectfzDesktop2-K  0DRoot EntryHiAHx8*|K`(A4{ FAHP)o!a9(1Table@<`8cHxxHрAHA(x8HA,@ 8`WordDocumentxxxHYAHT@Hx8H%A,@ 8R">P`6rSummaryInformationAH <`8cX8!P(!|xxKBq`8,x 8!@ 7( !Z),-.3456:;=>NKLMOPQSTUVWXYJ[\]^_`ab< [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph FontM M./0Liqr>?-.O$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6./.OV3 UnknownCecilia A. ConradPomona CollegeGJKKOLOCecilia A. Conrad;Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of Document2Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.doc@KK+K2*^qL-.2KLMa@`Z@ `\@`"aT`d@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times"1h1ZPZ!0,-STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWOCecilia A. ConradCecilia A. Conrad [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph Font>    /./0L4e f  op$6$6$6$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$6$6$6$6$6 $6$6$6$6$6$6$6 [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph Font3 33 3 3 5.5Cecilia A. Conrad;Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of Document2Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.doc@22+2,*^q3`@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times"qh1ZLZ!20-,-STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWOCecilia A. ConradCecilia A. ConradtTextVertReplaceAllRecalcSortinganother userDefault Document TemplateAutoRecovery save of Word Work File <..0d> backup:Microsoft:Word Extensions:Type Libraries [PARA][TAB][NL]Word cannot open the document because another user is in the process of opening it. Wait for a short time and try again, or have other users save and close the document, and try again.'s copy of Copy of Copy of Unable to save changes to origin̙̙UUUUUUUUUDocumentSummaryInformationr!$8"*!2HAB("*ACompObj`H|N |H)! *Bx HYX*ObjectPool|d.lca<88(*@ HX1]1]!0Table$H}ABh HX= !PTXBPLB"H@ \!@ [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph Font>   j l?m./0L4h Q R NO-.a$6$6$6$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$6$/$/$/$/$/$6$6$6 $6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6./0L4h First, describe trade-off between space/housing size and commuting costs. Explain that commuting costs included opportunity cost and are hence are likely to be greater for rich than for poor. However, rich will also demand larger houses (hence, more land). Discuss Alonso-Muth's theory that rich will live outside of city and poor inside if the income elasticity of demand for land exceeds the income elasticity. This theory could explain and expansion of physical space occupied by poor by a change in bid-rent functions. For example, what happens if manufacturers' bid-rent function shifts down and becomes flatter? Think about what could make this happen. An end result is likely to be lower land prices and lower land prices would lead to less density. t with Jargowsky's observation. For each alternative theory, briefly describe the theory, then discuss how it might explain a larger, but less densely populated poverty area. Some theories may not be able to explain this. I will be less interested in your Q R N-.aB$B3 UnknownCecilia A. ConradPomona CollegeCharles S. LevyCecilia ConradOIT`k{  & ] j ,3`pT d ,8Cecilia A. Conrad;Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of Document2Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2.Cecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2.Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2ACecilia A. Conrad0Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2A.docCecilia A. Conrad0Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2A.doc@<4 #-.KL134~h P R Y 4 T ] =~MNOHo%I,-_`a1@0Z@ 0\@0"01$00@1@0212021J51 70@1@1z70~7170 @1 @0`:1b:1v:1:1;0">0B @0$>1A0B$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6./0L4f   <$b:3 UnknownCecilia A. ConradPomona CollegeCharles S. LevyCecilia ConradOIT`k{   & | 0B0| @0@0111111>11\121600@012@01>110v 0 1 1!1!1"1h#0$0$0F@0$1$0%1'0|@0'1 '1>'1|'1(1(0f)0Z@0"1h)1*0+01T0+1+0d@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times"qh1ZEZF %!`p Cecilia A. Conrad;Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of Document2Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2.Cecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2.Cecilia A. Conrad/Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2.docCecilia A. Conrad<Macintosh HD:Temporary Items:AutoRecovery save of UrbanRev2ACecilia A. Conrad0Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:URBAN:UrbanRev2A.doc@<~4 #d-.KL134~e     : u <20d,-STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWOCecilia A. ConradCecilia A. Conradilia A. ConradPomona CollegeGJKKOLOCec FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8 ՜.+,D՜.+,d  hp  'Pomona CollegeI% : .STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWO Title 6> _PID_GUID'AN{504C0101-C9CB-11D5-BED4-D4708FD3C4A9} Oh+'0  (4 P \ ht|'.STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWO.0TUDCecilia A. ConradR eciNormal Cecilia A. ConradR 5ciMicrosoft Word 8.0 @@L^@9ea [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph FontM M./0Liqr>?-.O$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6i+opTW1@0Z@ 0\@0"01$00@0212021J51 70@1z70~7170 @0`:1v:1:1;0B @0@0111111>11\121600@012@01>110v 0 1 1!1!1"1h#0$0$0F@0$1$0%1'0|@0'1 '1>'1|'1(1(0f)0Z@0"1h)1*0+01T0+1+0d@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times"1h1ZAZF %!0d,-STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWOCecilia A. ConradCecilia A. Conradapter 10, #9 3. Sullivan, Chapter 10, #13 4. Sullivan, Chapter 11, #6 5. Sullivan, Chapter 11, #9 6. In his book Poverty and Place, Paul Jargowsky observes that between 1970 and 1990, "Poor persons, whether white, black or Hispanic, became increasingly concentrated in high poverty areas and more isolated from the rest of society. The fastest growing measure of neighborhood poverty, however, was the number of census tDocumentSummaryInformationr!$8"*!2HAB("*ACompObj`H|N |H)! *Bx HYX*ObjectPool|d.lca<88(*@ HX1]1]!0Table$H}ABh HX= !PTXBPLB"H@ \!@  FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8 ՜.+,D՜.+,d  hp  'Pomona CollegeI% : .STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWO Title 6> _PID_GUID'AN{504C0101-C9CB-11D5-BED4-D4708FD3C4A9} Oh+'0  (4 P \ ht|'.STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWO.0TUDCecilia A. ConradR eciNormal Cecilia A. ConradR 4ciMicrosoft Word 8.0 @L@L^@n,sda [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph FontM M./0Liqr>?-.O$6$6$6$6$6$6$6$6ate close to the city center. The transmitter firms will locate further out. a. The streetcar (for workers) preceded the intracity truck (for freight), so the cost of transporting workers was initially low relative to the cost of moving freight, generating the monocentric city. When the intracity truck was developed, the cost of moving freight decreased, causing firms to move closer to their suburban workers. b. If the intracity truck had preceded the streetcar (and the automobile), the cost of moving people would have been greater than the cost of moving freight, so firms would have located close to their suburban workers even if they shipped their output through a central export node. An RFE provides centralized services for its residents. Intra-bn of the tax. The tax also decreases the demand for land, decreasing the price of land, so landowners bear part of the tax. b. The bid-rent for fringe land decreases, decreasing the city's radius. c. There will be less incentive for fiscal zoning because the fringe development will pay closer to its full share of public-service costs. c D3 jbjbSS D11]   ,   ""   Xv STUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWO 1. Sullivan, Chapter 8, #1 2. Sullivan, Chapter 10, #9 3. Sullivan, Chapter 10, #13 4. Sullivan, Chapter 11, #6 5. Sullivan, Chapter 11, #9 6. In his book Poverty and Place, Paul Jargowsky observes that between 1970 and 1990, "Poor persons, whether white, black or Hispanic, became increasingly concentrated in high poverty areas and more isolated from the rest of society. The fastest growing measure of neighborhood poverty, however, was the number of census tracts classified as high-poverty areas. In other words, the physical space occupied by blighted urban neighborhoods expanded faster than the number of residents of such neighborhoods. Larger, but less densely inhabited, ghettos and barrios now occupy the center of many metropolitan areas, both a symptom of middle-class flight and the hollowing of American cities." a. Try to explain this observation using the Alonso-Muth theory of income segregation. Can this theory explain a decline in density in poor, inner city communities? b. Consider two other explanations for the concentration of poverty in urban centers. Are they consistent with Jargowsky's observation. 7. Use urban economic analysis to explain how an urban growth boundary might affect housing prices. Is this prediction supported by empirical evidence? 8. An economist argues that zoning has negative effects on housing markets because it increases the cost of construction. An urban planner says that zoning improves the quality of urban life. What is the source of this disagreement? 9. 3 V> $$' '++h- <BB6 conclusion than in your demonstration that you understand what the theory says and doesn't say. For example, Glaeser and others suggest the concentration of the poor in central cities reflects the availability of public transportation. An increase in./0Liqr> ? - . 3 <> $$./0Liqr> ? - . 3  / =!"#$%Latinos, Asians and African Americans form the majority of the population in the City of Pomona, but their numbers are small in the City of Claremont. Propose and evaluate three possible explanations for this housing segregation. 10. Is segregation (income or race) good or bad? uilding travel costs are important because the elderly travel frequently to the central service center and have relatively high unit travel costs. IF the cost of vertical transportation (in elevators) is less than the unit cost of horizontal travel (walking), it is rational to build up rather than out. Retailers who will relocate are likely to be those with (i) small scale economies relative to per-capita demand (industries with a large number of small retailers and (ii) relatively small shopping externalities. / =!"#$%c 43 jbjbSS ">11]A ; t  !!!!!!,Mi M    " "    'jSTUDY QUESTIONS FOR URBAN ECONOMICS, QUIZ TWO 1. Sullivan, Chapter 8, #1 2. Sullivan, Chapter 10, #9 3. Sullivan, Chapter 10, #13 4. Sullivan, Chapter 11, #6 5. Sullivan, Chapter 11, #9 6. In his book Poverty and Place, Paul Jargowsky observes that between 1970 and 1990, "Poor persons, whether white, black or Hispanic, became increasingly concentrated in high poverty areas and more isolated from the rest of society. The fastest growing measure of neighborhood poverty, however, was the number of census tracts classified as high-poverty areas. In other words, the physical space occupied by blighted urban neighborhoods expanded faster than the number of residents of such neighborhoods. Larger, but less densely inhabited, ghettos and barrios now occupy the center of many metropolitan areas, both a symptom of middle-class flight and the hollowing of American cities." a. Try to explain this observation using the Alonso-Muth theory of income segregation. Can this theory explain a decline in density in poor, inner city communities? b. Consider two other explanations for the concentration of poverty in urban centers. Are they consistent with Jargowsky's observation. 7. Use urban economic analysis to explain how an urban growth boundary might affect housing prices. Is this prediction supported by empirical evidence? 8. An economist argues that zoning has negative effects on housing markets because it increases the cost of construction. An urban planner says that zoning improves the quality of urban life. What is the source of this disagreement? 9. 3 V> $$' '++h- <6 conclusion than in your demonstration that you understand what the theory says and doesn't say. For example, Glaeser and others suggest the concentration of the poor in central cities reflects the availability of public transportation. An increase in availability of public transportation would lower commuting cost for poor and that should flatten their bid-rent function. This could conceivably expand the boundary of the poor neighborhood -- but it doesn't explain a decrease in density because lower commuting cost should increase land rent. Higher land rent typically means greater density. A theory is outlined on pages 304-305 in your textbook. You might also note that the urban growth boundary might increase a city's attractiveness. The implication is that the service boundary should increase the price of land inside the boundary. Then cite the article on Portland, Oregon. You could pick a specific zoning example here or discuss zoning in general. The key is to discuss both demand and supply side effects and to acknowledge that zoning may correct for negative externalities. You could also cite the case of Houston as an example where the market might be self-correcting. Possible explanations include (a) collective action racism; (b) positive group affinity; (c) differences in housing characteristics; (d) income; (e) individual discrimination, etc. In each case, present the explanation, discuss its implications for prices, discuss whether it seems to describe the Pomona/Claremont situation. In this essay, you can take a position on one side or the other, but be sure and acknowledge opposing arguments. Your essay should cite articles from your reading list and your text.$$' 'h)++$02B57b: / =!"#$% The bid rent function for the transmitter-based firm is horizontal up to two miles from the city center. At the city center, the truck based firm is willing to pay $C more than the transmitter firm. The firms that use the truck will loc availability of public transportation would lower commuting cost for poor and that should flatten their bid-rent function. This could conceivably expand the boundary of the poor neighborhood -- but it doesn't explain a decrease in density because lower commuting cost should increase land rent. Higher land rent typically means greater density. A theory is outlined on pages 304-305 in your textbook. You might also note that the urban growth boundary might increase a city's attractiveness. The implication is that the service boundary should increase the price of land inside the boundary. Then cite the article on Portland, Oregon. You could pick a specific zoning example here or discuss zoning in general. The key is to discuss both demand and supply side effects and to acknowledge that zoning may correct for negative externalities. You could also cite the case of Houston as an example where the market might be self-correcting. Possible explanations include (a) collective action racism; (b) positive group affinity; (c) differences in housing characteristics; (d) income; (e) individual discrimination, etc. In each case, present the explanation, discuss its implications for prices, discuss whether it seems to describe the Pomona/Claremont situation. In this essay, you can take a position on one side or the other, but be sure and acknowledge opposing arguments. Your essay should cite articles from your reading list and your text.$$' 'h)++$02B57b:$>@ABB / =!"#$% The bid rent function for the transmitter-based firm is horizontal up to two miles from the city center. At the city center, the truck based firm is willing to pay $C more than the transmitter firm. The firms that use the truck will locate close to the city center. The transmitter firms will locate further out. a. The streetcar (for workers) preceded the intracity truck (for freight), so the cost of transporting workers was initially low relative to the cost of moving freight, generating the monocentric city. When the intracity truck was developed, the cost of moving freight decreased, causing firms to move closer to their suburban workers. b. If the intracity truck had preceded the streetcar (and the automobile), the cost of moving people would have been greater than the cost of moving freight, so firms would have located close to their suburban workers even if they shipped their output through a central export node. An RFE provides centralized services for its residents. Intra-building travel costs are important because the elderly travel frequently to the central service center and have relatively high unit travel costs. IF the cost of vertical transportation (in elevators) is less than the unit cost of horizontal travel (walking), it is rational to build up rather than out. Retailers who will relocate are likely to be those with (i) small scale economies relative to per-capita demand (industries with a large number of small retailers and (ii) relatively small shopping externalities. / =!"#$% a. The tax is split between landowners and housing consumers (as would a sales tax be split between consumers and producers). The tax decreases the supply of housing and increases the price of housing, so consumers bear part of the burde