ࡱ> ` bjbj k'HHHHHHH\8,(,\u$`^QQQ#######$#&h($HQ@QQQ$HHS/$U U U Q$HH#U Q#U U 4#HH#T 01UZu|L##E$0u$T#,!)!)#!)H#tQQU QQQQQ$$dQQQu$QQQQ\\\ \\\ \\\HHHHHH History of Video Games Teachers Guide The Flash 8 player is required to play the activity. Most of the games require Flash, and one or two require JAVA. The links go, as much as possible, to full-page pages that dont have bunches of links to other games. Navigation: To get to a page of info about the game, click on the picture on the Main Menu. To get back to the main menu from each page, click on the picture in the top right corner that says Main Menu Each page has some brief information about the game, a link to a playable game in the bottom right hand corner, a link to the Kids page of the President in office in the top left corner, and a link to the games Wikipedia entry in the bottom left corner. You can use the info at the Wikipedia entry to develop questions for a quiz, or to slant the activity in a particular direction to suit your curriculum and student level. From the main menu, theres an interactive quiz that covers most of the games its an extremely easy quiz. Its important to play the games in order chronologically (left to their own devices, 99% of kids will go directly to PacMan) to get a good sense of history from the activity to see how the complexity of the games advanced, how programmers built upon the ideas of other programmers. 1952 - OXO Note that the big picture of the EDSAC computer is a mini-movie that demonstrates what it looks like when someone dialed in the numbers for the game. If youd like to actually play with the EDSAC emulator, you can, if you download the software from this site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~edsac/" http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~edsac/ With the emulator, kids can get a very nifty feel about what it was like to dial in entries and play the tic-tac-toe game. 1958 Tennis For Two Note that it takes a few seconds for the little video to start playing, so be sure students stick around and watch the show. Theres not a game on this page the activity is in watching how the game was played. Stress how massive computers were in those days. The arrow in the big picture points to the tiny screen thats shown in the video. 1961 SpaceWar! Youll need JAVA to play the game it may be kinda hard to see, but the picture in the bottom right hand corner is a clickable link to MITs JAVA Spacewar. After playing the game, its pretty easy to see why it wasnt a huge popular hit it was a game by geeks for geeks. 1968 Magnavox Odyssey The game representing the Odyssey is a Simon game headphones are helpful but not absolutely necessary. I havent tested it yet myself, but heres a link to an Odyssey emulator let me know if you test it and its cool:  HYPERLINK "http://www.pong-story.com/odyemu.htm" http://www.pong-story.com/odyemu.htm 1972 Pong At this point in the activity, youll have kids saying how the game is too simple and boring, but its important to stress how these games were created out of thin air, basically, that at this point in history, if you played a game, it was checkers, chess, or Monopoly. It might be fun to ask kids what new technology for games they would make up now that isnt technically possible yet, to give them the idea of what it was like for these pioneers of video gaming. This would be a good time to make sure that students understand the concept that games are written in computer code. Heres an excellent page of the code written for a simple Pong game:  HYPERLINK "http://org.csail.mit.edu/mode/index.php/Pong_code" http://org.csail.mit.edu/mode/index.php/Pong_code Also note that programmers continue to create new variations on the game, which actually is pretty fun. 1976 Breakout Its fun to point out Steve Jobs involvement in the creation of this game he either created it or took credit for the creation of it, depending upon who you believe, but its interesting to think that this was the breakthrough that eventually made iPods possible. 1978 Space Invaders Note how the programmers invented the concept of shooting at stuff thats coming at you and that this game now uses three controls back and forth and shooting. 1978 Asteroids Heavily influenced by Spacewar. 1980 PacMan One could spend an entire day on the research possibilities of this game, which was monumentally popular. The Wikipedia entry is extremely lengthy and has a substantial number of links to more information. Its important to point out that this was the first major non-shooter game, and its success made possible the success of many other comedic, non-violent games. If you have an enormous amount of energy, you can download Gamemaker game creation software for free it comes with an editable version of PacMan.  HYPERLINK "http://www.gamemaker.nl/" http://www.gamemaker.nl/ 1980 Centipede Primary claim to fame first game designed by a woman, but it was also one of the first games to incorporate Artificial Intelligence. 1981 Donkey Kong It was technically not the first platform game, but a very early one and certainly the most successful early one. Programmers continued to expand the notion of what you could do with a video game beyond bouncing, beyond shooting, beyond a maze, to a traveling character. 1981 Joust Joust wasnt really that important a game, but it was my husbands favorite, and its included at his request. 1985 - Tetris You can also visit the Pentominoes link at Wikipedia (quickly by clicking on the little pentomino picture on the Tetris page) and learn more about the original that this game is based on note again how game programmers kept widening out the notion of what you could do with a video game. Heres a link to a PDF printout of pentominoes that you can use as an offline activity, from Scholastics Chasing Vermeer site.  HYPERLINK "http://www.scholastic.com/titles/chasingvermeer/pentominoes.pdf" http://www.scholastic.com/titles/chasingvermeer/pentominoes.pdf Its Math! Its Fun!     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