ࡱ> !` H#bjbj\\ .*>>H:::: F j^(a a a lnnnnnn$Wh~ a a   w w w  lw  lw w <R 0z@ǝ: .,l04=E (=<=<0a U w  ra a a m a a a     66  Influenza Historical Perspective Influenza has been described through the centuries, even though the influenza virus was not isolated until the 1930s. The hallmark of epidemic influenza is excess mortality, and it is a great disease to study epidemiologically. The study of influenza really started in 1837 with Robert Gray who was a physician in Dublin, Ireland, who noticed an association between excess mortality and the winter season. In winter there would be a rise in acute onsets of febrile respiratory disease, and more people died. Gray would go to the cemeteries in the spring and count the number of tombstones, and he first noticed this association that there were more deaths following winter seasons with epidemics of febrile respiratory disease. William Farr in London studied it more scientifically and coined the phrase excess mortality. It is not compensatory mortality; it is not sick or old people who are going to die anyway who were dying early. It is truly excess mortality that occurs due to influenza. Selwyn Collins in the U.S. mapped out influenza epidemiology systematically over a 50-year period. Collins described that, although there would be some fluctuations, the standard baseline level for death was higher in winter than in summer. He recognized clinically and epidemiologically that more people are sick and more children are missing school in winter. When there were flu epidemics that ranged from 4-6 weeks, he noticed an association with excessive mortality. There is nothing in the recorded history of man that has killed as many people in a comparable period of time than the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. There was no other pathogen or natural catastrophe. In 1918, during a span of 6 months, the flu killed more people than the three years of WWI, and some believe that it helped accelerate the end of that war. Approximately 30-40 million deaths in the world were probably attributable to the pandemic. The 1918 influenza virus was isolated from two sources of preserved human tissue. During WW I, there were soldiers who died of a rapid hemorrhagic pneumonia, and some human tissue was preserved by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. In addition, the Alaska natives were decimated by this pandemic. Mortality rate was 70% in some of these villages because the natives had never seen influenza before. Bodies were buried in mass graves, and in permafrost the virus was preserved. Researchers from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were able to use viral RNA techniques to isolate H1N1 influenza virus type A from the site. Using both epidemiologic and molecular biology methods, researchers were thus able to show that both the WWI soldiers and the Alaska natives were affected by the same strain. There was no vaccine back then, and I really appreciate the CDCs emphasis on respiratory hygiene and wearing masks when you are sick. As we have seen, however, in 1918, wearing masks did not really prevent the spread of the pandemic. Here is a pessimistic quote from the American Journal of Public Health in 1918, where the editor described how to prepare for the pandemic: hunt up your wood-workers and cabinet-makers and set them to making coffins. Then take your street laborers and set them to digging graves. If you do this you will not have your dead accumulating faster than you can dispose of them. It is interesting to look at the great pandemics of the last 100 years.  HYPERLINK "javascript:showslide('m1t3img05.gif')" [Figure: 20th Century Influenza Pandemics] There was the 1892 pandemic in Massachusetts, the 1918 pandemic, and here are the pandemics of 1936 and 1957. An interesting feature of the 1918 curve is the W-shaped curve and the high death rate in young people. There are hypotheses about many young men gathering in close quarters during the war, but women actually had mortality that were as high (pregnant women had mortality rates up to 50%) and there has been no good explanation for this unusual curve. Normally influenza epidemics have a U-shaped curve, with the highest mortality in the elderly and the very young. The mortality rates have decreased over time due to improved treatment of secondary diseases thanks to a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Influenza worsens underlying diseases and/or leads to bacterial pneumonia, but many of these diseases are treatable now with antibiotics and supportive care. In the U.S., there are still 10-40,000 deaths/year from flu, and 90% of them occur in people over the age of 70. So the total fatal cases and the rates are lower but the age patterns of the fatal cases remain unchanged; the highest mortality occurs in older people. What is pandemic influenza? A pandemic influenza is a global flu epidemic, and is caused by an emergence of an influenza A virus that is novel for the human population. Reservoirs for influenza A exist in many animals, such as birds, seals, and others. Comparatively, polio control is easier, because polio is an exclusively human disease. If there are human populations that are in contact with animals, viruses can re-assort to produce novel progeny with the ability to spread within the human population, there is a potential for a pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) has a pandemic alert system. Through the global influenza surveillance they look for: Influenza A viruses (human strains and key animal strains) with novel surface proteins. Novel virus demonstrates ability to spread among humans. Isolated cases of bird flu or seal flu in humans is not uncommon, but there has to be human-to-human transmission for a pandemic. Substantial proportion of the population with little or no antibodies to the novel virus. To prevent a potential pandemic, you need surveillance centers globally. Even 10 years ago we had surveillance in the U.S. but not in Asia, where many influenza strains originate. Labs are also needed to map the genes to see if it is an influenza A virus with a novel surface protein. Strong communication and vigilance are equally important, and WHO has an email influenza alert system. As it was done for SARS, in addition to isolation and containment, intervention is necessary. With a novel antigen, there needs to be rapid vaccine production or distribution of influenza antiviral medications. Every year, it takes ~ 6 months for vaccine development (via embryonated hens eggs) after surveillance designates which strains are likely to circulate. It then takes some time to distribute the vaccine. In a pandemic situation there may not be enough time to develop and deliver a vaccine in time before the virus has circulated the globe. Thus we need rigorous surveillance, rapid communication, emergency preparedness (with an isolation and quarantine plan), and a plan for intervention with vaccinations/antiviral medication.  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://depts.washington.edu/eminf/2004/mod1topic3/m1t3img05.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET    !vw_z""D#G#H# h0JjhUh h0J"ht,h 5CJOJQJ\aJ"h h 5CJOJQJ\aJ h h B* OJQJ\ph # -v]|Xq""H#gd & Fdd[$\$gdgdgd $a$gdt,gd H#,1h/ =!"#$% NnDdX  S 4Am1t3img05bmFbfKV=ȩd*@bDNFvv0BNgjѝ R5h yEzk;#B*Sd0H޶m}o,+Z7ⵟ.d'>WU?] OU-_O~U <W5ş_OUt'>aWU?] OU-_O~U <W5ş_OUt'>aWU?] OU-_O~U <W5]?Ѽ4_wϿ7«gՒ>֟h֝):l7Ч%~U6>Ѵ7CR]"ل߇hSҹbGoȮ]W`5Ƨg_)>[_>Eq\󯟷 ï_][6[BvZǯkЦ_?y-O%Ok'IIlgn(qPw-#}O:|܂q>Sj{' 7# |E9kSZX ?Ͽ#[ˤ=~ W~`C]SOiGPxO/;Tan!ù?]pbON4[_-J| *=*!~eFl/oOEcG}HE1}׵q3q<#65|?n5ߴQL9\.`ԯtm~([M_?olCk˅Y%IMth%K6կ[sܣn|$GoN]iKZ7OimPQ|}mt3vRdd͠y$@yjNbq"@=hr9[Z?mvoڕ~ mgY ;,۷[pci hQ ٸ>`ÿX'p8ϯ6 s*}҅;.l !pՠhuԨ3G=u3;~{#uG J۽֐O`k;}&o N]}^]o61E/?fcZ*5#lJ|a5Mۅ|u6p {({=€}L ۪a,ZtRL]6vQjQ.PecZ>~9A\^+(zXr{_g(ٮ9{ĭVS0 z 5J*~c,vO} mVOJ[h5ZsznԊG>E{6u,8G.c]O@q37 xo丿1"Ht-[Ɍ}l=rI1~z`O[2{9;y p_m4%y=ت i\/&֪Gòsl{sWk6LfնҴ-^SiR,E\7Vgpuc~*V4qǪmB#)E_wrkB7&> aܱO5`߀mmy18#qF~GSca2YZhʯvHy ɽV!ފ]vL¨MI6kDqILGȵ#rFVkl),O`:mX|p{HR_G(Q1i.pۀ>V+UT]6O`\>FK#uz`ׯ \¶c8@_sAs5ƼNS7v8;V~:Ͷ&Yy*m{4|C = MclfMcڕ57CdBOfeבK? @ *n\[cPR GGflo COA.k +`Fҋ0*o<б͈ם_L:<܉̕g4c>ۤxf[/_DH"{X \ `?;st/gxl$#>xϷә IϷ,_O"~mt/`'F|-o3 <0Ⓢo'|= X D| <_O$[ ?vOgx/`'?9^xO?[:z1;Ǔd'W٬'cF3T)9c-5ѾuR+^{u^xQ}@]Wt! : /%b$/a/t^/N/ :Wʫ/ 1^҆|Qj-*";N!!1_@k)#%7d=~ 8?p.0ҹXI'ήNVsJ[\_.rux|:۩.=O:\d|\-Ny߆<2>6O1\xQXhܴr\3,xM44wu+ÅP}E=W&^Bt+iM `[-*EZxDNJ40BjQ&$[1@S*gau5[gX]/O&ǧw;oOdzl!vOwg`9sX?,R^L?dy.p7rUpA~>Bdvq;5 `jv5'McC $oY/{6hI-i+:.A4}q-4hka1fݢM[bWֆ<~{Dpq'D״ESѸhjM@+M2&y&_3ד ~~zΗ7)JF@|?USPd6̀IGaVӈWSƠ0]!Lnn̤\VNvNS@I$]lKdri^DC7E$Xu~){8y=qo]Nc/v 9(=r,u]pUp W Oi/..AދS#9-HD8H ^b3S0ơ,DtUlA{ 賐k8ϳɏtEB͈} cW ]ٙ(h#B#: bMs$)uT{ Q*鄫VHP Dg!`+8!c@Mna:~ܞ //ȐH8Y%|@'fD^NߧH}KT$LPf^S,.]{>N6'FA3(p%]GSj $N : u lĎS;E)Vs)3\`JԘ$AE%Nkf: Y4B!ߜ^JN+3#]3Z+6"v p,$ϳ-Z5 db 4tzw Av7\N'?, ^p_7ȆǾ3j%Ds+3u;;Ŕ4C @_EgPT M:>F\H CX܂[fk\d?ZXN2W%aӟΉLr!tNnP/%Dn2,CZUsA1$4œx0NƬui81-w+K ntSsTFZ 4fѰքZm'VM6\O.;."ݩzNMH첬V0MPڙz7o/cy+|A]ǁ,n;ή[ȷ{hv6;=M7\3)_'F,:C.ADy4<(W$ YZ m"/cá1i\*?՘8$J]#9ɽm Uy_)OJLoGTTg,vh顿f%N8˴RӺvWYFEXdv9'vYή˻ww{;t!,GWoݡؼ;̵sdՙq$޾8%؝?|K"d\WN;ETQӇ[ު9UCk}D&N4 $ 4yuzOۋṊrEvDA&UϗMTP iZCIDEt:,\t3 칞~}6)i 89w cbC.__jAK1|59|1js/Fշ]ac0X8"K3ٗ^ <nHywW$͵Q]/Ov @"Ix9?}swrb~Gֵ(*N1*}?dAEah2KRFIuʧv RQ4JƕaV:abG."0wPC?.aAƉ: DgZG4m\򩰴hwխDj$W`Dcj>iCQ Omg_72$Qf"w57[ށ[ MF79 ]²D(Q^1e3ΜS8ǃga>n~}yT>9K0qxB8: )`tMv\ə p@6-V?DȮm8ڴv+=Q!1KkW|8MOh$Ji$=ϸD;|[E-C?#H`6} ؞]ckNtnq@9vi[{:zbP`ԘZA49:kJ ak]TFFQ#2+"QeaH XB Un>k% UMOGC7[RuJK 5(1Y0c^HDִM kغlMlk MO"ZWD;Ф#4&d$:^K';A_|1Gr 7VwE1W\l%X"tQnh0m8/5ag[j\ #<w{xf03t}V)R;LMcy[cͼO7˓9I5鵬njѴ6S֛Mq_џk=ֽA2 i1֬,&#s tu$ٕ֚x_Y%n 5DktTōiU*Nᑇ1Ċڣ:̂MjV4ac-֒}sy3Wc ۏTctղW+7Cɖ y DhEC PG5;aEt%FZ#EǢcD]+!|55r/kxoh3Krc("<.w\Uz-ɅHbCK=Uk$qc"ß!#/jgKMPe+8ێ4/"0uLa(k9JٮDLh/8k=-E)IorQ]Wna߉v&ܚm{X|31wq0'dX+bpq$#5|-~_:1Yf D.Hdiȃ* RE/:%谐yԉN)bZ{>qWT eOM]\DgB֥-ci=6F댲YkjkPARaw+Hy7DrA~`i1oíϛV^?^+4ZUɉ𬠢CfTck⸖<E.4m0}*pY袉z̨AAߒaFnKXb}1N74"ߩ[|qmn.Mΰl"psPt0- 4Rt|J$|`fdm:hVѺU6Hi-p%zFZ zIvW#eeNdShѼrl)ZZY#Q!,/lPA$ۖ) (S$JPa}?ܵ0ܰ[_6"l1;QI ['9Uvt$ʵFc ێt-%omn١imFㄥԷ!ZSh3k4W1zRJD>YDQT^2T]}NɓhiL7ֹ'ԦTeъxzMݦgF`'u2?ș7;O_CPihWDWwHc~uQ=gbVYYw|A~^;K7q:6]O80?S;Ŀ]ҟcP]nɢ`Yx[qi/ژlhbj Ña3+Jiat[ DM`4[gڧ*J{/D416 cW.ž{ kZ ~϶k9@Dל#.@wG. b8-Ufv2_,Я Dr˰yz8`ou k%WTuGs f{5ZF`Q95O qP+ݻ 5@pDc#`"fr&ڢϐ1 ]*u)XzfHk?],1AO߃Iv. ɜl،1Tbgu" ke{f>WݙJ`XڛMZI{b08T 淂NPɯT}[ӎ^20XvEAV.2~SHۉMu/gM؈ۚ+2i`g5ɸa:YPghag)ֲ֝5+wfܩf'(ﹱ~DYT2d36s ꄈ̼/uOB߷itAuoڲ@Ju`|*lxjZ z L^b1  {^Lߟfɀֆ]6Q>~iX…N\ɼ'$Uf"I2*v.\*mKs#UQ5K.:BE+kF Z[:֋&EW9^;,Z;a[[uަD]vq;[[kWoe\{E[QK롊?Ìic3xxa^ BJkgC+r0ʈ:׌h5LJNYحlTQ?gUdNgS%K@:Te[o(&K\D[뎲u+w%mE+6DA !.8Kx)$Zg,%$2DM!V]6`r }{%#q6Jcn>\aĠD )3mjk$чmZ 0|wN$hQܶ_`OKƒ}͐hE4G;ELJzEU\5KH<Li<]OOQ#\B5^(%i{ DF :6e^Ӊ6G[ĖLH Ni ־RrG`WGvV\S9眗 _Ng Sk3, ~gGkOy`9g-ZõsKKŠ6~:J;,J.hw5Y MtT LVv"nvhh"ZJ:uAh;k-+Τk]%ڔ,;2HkҚA,DJtEb bEV[A!K Ȁ2!}]XZdx{0ic ׁc*kp%Yc^zP~DWںhZ. ձ."i-:FZ;[Z&H nNP/^+>Aq([*n!tRʼ 5 GC# *G(y77Ҋ-N\Ѣ&q5r(׺: Ι.YPheA龆X|baCZ@櫹PZֺl]m,91 ^`5:mFF>ZAΥ>9;Ӆlm'Uh-7`D'vwZUC'˻[,x,/VzK!IENam^0M1X|iڸ aU`ɿc Yטjx ] * j`űwpRjt:R@qgBxo[:%D^%k&Ϩ;qPd-7We>h٨>aPS)R#*hA<,!z߶YƉ.lMx9 ϫ UGkzgrF7=\`C9bB/}LX]^`Nk\pju&%ja ̖5ܒv39]x<f:%jYhlwUzĽegCG~zE |#haӚs E4Q-z֢(%0P d5Y\p|7uhͰNx 2=WZW'D%1GMfEۘ_ N)tSz[w1`6As`.$&sm~ޯ3_Ya}'5مTX)3' )G@zۋ}lrmpW6JGmi$Ʀ9mHnpZmJFx`uȬ U,嘱h˔NmYӺ-Vܶnc]죦5cBXEXk40hjAt:bMRWZ h ,'lѝ6R*W$0:DW/Xwȷev'x)ơޝ}}$69]k ޝ\_a ׳p=>6n~[]I|~ (o/as?lmzq?ϰ Nfs}bnd h\9ry"`},〲έDT(ߡ躘pDcRq 鴝phWEyn":aj֦2H"r{F:e0wZ62H'AEb.7`kZΊ׹Qĥ8ɑG-\ G9ú`ࣘO)h(+N#%_ m~k޲9!rԀ9)V]O΄5(;9w Ye^+ md_]X c LuOyB(Yײ*pDV]ϢA,љdUF<H]>r,'Z"2RUzu΋Ckff>QT]j)5Ӕu˽[Z j V3wdL7>t)hfWӢu(F/R-0􏩥^WK6Wz2(;k [mִ1XVln%i$ab0 "Ѫ*P5dRST nšDXk(HZAqF P(V޶Q[unt;"=pLPlh]Էեs5A$%ژݲ82a) ~BƍWRj?lbjӆxE=#V=ֲ_y:q )o2tFZh~fdS rA羭``*6 R֥Iã_)Pdލ~,f{ԡQ1mAH-^* 0h` v`D1[ϰ.GU[WֈrADk-Q'ZŦ *9HZ4ϠEn u$U["(eդu%L縂P-akݶA8Bay6I"P!u l̓` `ksZ<ΤTY,\HkhذB|%3IN8WMS+O>$I9 ]-I9'hmXw/Bғִk0Uqcт:YY "ҋAim MtѶ`uS5 4HtSWѦ͖-ؚx,~|.ZkZ*l݋R-7)'`6 Ԛ~^puYhOa^TI5`ݏH0$\MsX1vŠU Х5&K>]w$^ڢ `-u;8YME&))CuO9.U섬'f:=9q@%ihٳ:&6J%ZL2dBZihkw-4kmg&Z({FZcq1,MTh-o֊0DZ[3 Nk D^ zSkY 4)G44a mh+ZW—U u"*mhζu6T&?'(V bNH3ˆax0U:.ښ(SɖIL NѦ/t7WD{ݑ+ֹGЦh6ηQ<&ܪDSeǴDj4wFR$)gڝvDfBDssL@ [ kP*9>3Zz R.?M)UJԀemwJ۴%RKq7׺.0[꿩 |ѷ(F7Y8K|EՇR*y*\4h-eޑҚ}7X0+> < B6KVW*H5ѩf;KtgHךA[7\Z7Xt5[lfgvتAla= mYjZ2~G_ٚ9VSj?7F%xL{B!PHc Ef-1BD<"ŚczM0T]9"]ډNɃwpD ~OAڢH2lDU $*ZxH%QZT,ibGD d ҊPJ9DwIeŖCqCg9 RRY),@LD$6%:&H&1d 젦 ]P[MZ7PlimZhƕ ri"![aŤ4ᡘhDgѕDNR#"רmQ$f W VsJmZMy6 R k @K%ږl S(Jf9ωSV.'MLAdRQkݍN4fRi+ZѺA[JmU8>g]m 0v1YZKFmk$VuMk)ڢ ͈vNjidde5[(+)ZiVOU (bT6!X Ŭ2gm0]3<= j70%S?8uUDӔNϢuyj#ّxDv#_+֮\ -Z22F=hWdz$Z@"'Zߦupi-#c-spR-J!D)ɿ(9_E4#YFks QS*KDiB擓8Ds$EH;Ϩ';D8EZWʘG$Z!+r% cq`3,ڿъd {[kJ Xk2H W=zׅJuh aD( jmA6R:њk]Dk0Hr؊D?O5D~dnil 6rɛK:i[=Me&W:[G%7o5Qئ>:ф)WtDѕf,Zi ѝa^]Ke|mr?K芓^t ֪hcL,"-X}y֪l🴮'x2]`LO[]+ᶓ'˚ B N5A)@D#p7̽Zim>sCܪK/fk|n$Aڔ&W6`Ga Ku-HڽA#io$ E8dDuUIqa#/qbI إŐTC~{D%8Wlg:zSLLk̄zNva6ED!Ns1h~N{ѺX# \"=։6<G8(5i\hZrobS!GrxFEyD6ZZS`6@"73MWvzGte뼯ܢĜ 1-(Y >8 ߝ anfhTjHaNdLA`PJ#HAjRp3sL mG;qfĆjun;+GEg)s5ԕFܼU1Zqpgk79*2MB 4aU }hU\'ṛ'DYq<>Voe^@V>:!11R<*,zfG['9Z`S&*!OfrHD7ı>ZEѺD?4ѝk)D]H{Dm@D zϵ(,@ZdRĴ$*[3:p^RW| K}mV6vZc/WQg 3q7 v/ؘ5xfmEP1za,A.])>^K84ywQ¥ӀM6[xabޅV*ĥ#tn^unMSD *jKǴ4MkRjZjXk5фn^;5\腝h·!ahVTjB hѭƏtMIqtX(Jg:f r|jY19Db3r ÐM ? L6j7OtrJ9y\krw}xjdAKՆDb6s%Z 4ᛝJ?hPآ!#:,:^$$zAq!vb;1\dNioDAE0͒35k.= 'J]M=cHx5_`U܉ڡ-| ^6)C/V;?FVݨj`a33CMI+|\* ^.EV#l.RmUkB^D`-ھjZG`DKkǏ։k,״n[Y. EW BoMC(DJ"&ڍf^}4B%jZ 9>R.dH5l::JO":;#Ձ ϱTx;\j&8xq_; }RK[슙]x;dD*ɴujʧ8?qm4vVE4 usW֎xG#$ZK稺 b}״v}5k x*D=S]NQ$x^!Z%ZLI1zw5[vzLlgyޭ&b~dɂNjot=: u2lBXh=hXO-kgzruZ˖lDBEpSڕP&ڙu]kCֺlt3upUZ 6rV@z";6 v-Fe "F+щjܐ0"3MeES^]Ңa8HCJD3DEƼZXTqhbn]fmFi_E< G ]-NX*t ӹY5ZgȀR6J`=~v} c#zF,/߮hw77wsT!0kP6wU+iVK5N޶ щf&9dĻ:(M<Ϲ5թap*/A)m(a5jLJueXz:qְ,,{J*$QgnxO}E ^>aNgx,z#M`h<>"a(jhLLC#2t3hŪCk-%4c46΁2X0`2| v@8 9%I{ZKh]/:. ң !8 W;~IF[:mԏDYVtP=ZC.;7L$c-P3Q !c@sXw#A7+`^='xLmDž>V-SKֵf/3d,ZWf)f)eu yF&Y|H%6Mk֠5ͽ.n) "h#Łā&LaX0–EIVN  5ђ"&qVMق FbUu<:+\[nAΝt|;gqV'9<4!R\EtHuU49`vX6kt륄kg]]7E7V1<P%+&bb.C-ZG1`g+Apִ|km*X\n44kS r1lOŹ1WxXhn^<lɻ;n#rz@LN$iEez X>|l ,y^͎Bk׷h;H,'L%Zxj1Xt9kD+T-XAh-%LmNrMz* V8`fӜV"Qlxh`Jkm ;I?_g*l)}e9k{D3&g t` br1:*|!VzAphCulS}Pb EkmE+ Z9um>i\+vڠ%Atbi2݁vC5~EǴ !ƁDk ; !NJI!EH f^! pw:D4Ya@Sgר5j@;zPP䆙/uLގ6𴭢 7 АuRV.њg--{KFB`N=2W H :,R%8s}2DIIy؆A {0ήd |?++6HYEGBLZ8mzXHl7DMR-u-%#D{VS"9#%rfz zC@1׋VoӠ Fvip'=*{[-h%e:%jMtg$h{Ӛo3HsyARc# y S ;Tس}FD;ƗBZU^%d#A\މkmP9JLiZWԘL\kU(vhA][abE)ZUW+'񲝼SrFB.FcJZ;(S<8cb\@* oH1HucA0kL&[hƶhefxd1QD?΢WojE<%sjM[8fuEK4q^9+YҮ41R wx{|rth~@,_Ԉ79KԚAE1DN;h>hJpqnMѮ%1WvRjjXkU_6?鞶f1LESf'O ҝkv7OkZKj[-pqYX!ISVxl-Ky˙8_ d\Jz#73>',(u $%KӅA􃺜!V{Dc\(VE[kYuAhQE[f'ZDctWg3Etzц &Qʦq8&(S C,BøBa&.e!lNtn E`/qF_|٦=1>/,WX`eWw4m0xN <) ̹V4iqEbs)^WP!•adKMi]ŢJh~W vLeT5jfGICڸϸP&eMn0~>(:A+CrXti]teS[gnmQ&D*QϴXɀ.)U"v>,5 ?\r1B҃yb11Nt%̶^?qnM{)""hTѫ^$up:$t66l/k]Ҷu+6DI,m(g"-FR5&Uݝ̕ցUP5Қ-N%p$(SrSmZWHIq@^^$.߂6|æă^ެV?\/_cVik/*:GZAfE/Q;l]tuHu[6Dư5Mk!3NDb5ڴ6ʰR*dIuw$:;:9E4Όh%XΎhѢH,T9EP34fQ!Յ^êD@,dh!oi?kpď>WdE1,1 plX=DQ&Zpʄ,E'7DuJB"o%:;Z#lv{z%:hA$$ 9pC:-GR'xgbw<ld]i,i&N9xlJIhMfS ѵ ɲhF[Љn%ڗDZmA [ؚ+NE @؉vۊ(7E/.x|Zb)`juw@\G>QH"Wu+iCB_ }yRqkh*Ht$cZd<1PmDtDj{8]͡cz#p[3`t1 ym*`# ǐλE #LJ ðA0e#ntjdкl=hWA)7,: J#ZI!C)E ,'{;?;"i0KSKλ%='@L<*H@Zn૩ʔ;)ѥ5DF%Ť{0^4&"PE3fќcsGkq~E\`$"غh;I5K]~80v4F'MHҨJ &INVx RjE;:CR#Ѷiƌ2VÈćPWn[9e\p>兴_5Vv/[6#qz""}#llhM9&ꂈ]ֆT98GZ6O| 0RϑA( 6:H٬[ӔE:~ki UwD֙;:ѩeYD 8 ZUꗮb 6H-hbý߶ۀ7bswⲉa0>G?&OYJWsLqP41!I#ѵ¾`eC~S* S&yG$b*K״D;CAJJ6Z YZ~=`v K0АBih`]^C(A$O,Fi.ٶ#4EV> G$F'Rjo hHūuݩ~ufT.?nQZI;"&UAm  W2*CZ*[g#BFA|CTY՛v8tG[yX=a,bk#vFܗ.l@J=74ْ-5H̽adTaȖ+L7P]ACKhƠs(ۙqh8r.$pHox-uyEɧ2Ӊ۴6t=*YtZ ekT;\HOj2{Dk!¢]iD:-FVb& Ad zP PGUtZ)B":uPLAE ?2bٕzq&DD*Sgm3>$r>fL&ZWuAI0n"ڬ2:) MD+pN{&Rd0HӺPo63P>Sx(ⓛtݢ O DˏlsNuS#Vkd N& bf6KGYu$) AX AO,[Eoph%2DBLG!6'1Kd &w[E6vI툥*V~uHODh=ԉu :)NWY]mNJLuz0:>nW[%Zp9;]]ޞnL7-EzR$(4e.Z^,Ivqm.u]9(OL˳|q0HQhբN4udѢB>#"Qhiuj"ZM)V>^ [5S+fNklI VbW^ 5C" u4:܀}8w0HՆNRhӷ7vOVXM'{sƽhxيɫ ұJzlWA%=5q@J*a`a6"勤fg b$-&/I0 NyP^#VK'AUBk[uʂhmݝ4[&v$i-Hthd]k%l%3HL^ *h?aFᮆ4!q6xYhk ]WV[=2Zk]k5Ӫ Z;#—FLN,WKDI" y5ҕ*uE{XHܗ FhMɭhZ|\1Q!"E7Nksehxē-/\\tcȭvD+YL[DsU3͖)nw`ׁ ,.>]b3=p5^@eMQABQ=yi%6̙A&7'; ?fDWŽz<]f1t/>ƧʑUFt`Rhywk%y?ITi:*ZG[Ak$u8hiZ/@$Z˙iLZ) =;@1'ıjB/lDKBq Lřd!NG _Xf -<6S{̎=w&A'Hnon4n-Ƣ_APEI@G&*50:+?uz _Lـ1$*n=M j^Wlu.)6rujcZw=RnTa0kOma:}W6.4# EBqы.waES;]`Gz|ݡ2y~0$7#[+ 2TKABz,7FFl_! MrHpoۚ;kr|Jz)V6)+]5ld )=PXX5;4s9ZoeYַYV/,Ѵ[ɡ/󁷣Y1Z ! "Z+fx@XF1[k {gMtik(2iupQQc])T3!”> ]T'ۡ9jMI?m&:͢ ;9͹hH+":P<+ (, ]c̀PBN"?&nFD|PhՏ |HщJ2Dzm^޺j@,(-m0DPB qGk*Ndžh6GnRc!EG݆2><~d i ]߃>A/uQa'/QE :k%0͍1#Y.:Pg4[xyY޽ "AH-CѺu*ݝSՐ204yyEj4tQ]Űl|e\ṮWZ73'vEj?.JS :y]@nwr\]&ي+f Eբ*ZU͑Q|+訩kq`^.ȿ^tDG(Ǜw,BTD$nkWlm̹;ź`O6!tge aƣ ֕-S]#\C{9#p) 08ݪRC}u-MqIO3*ܬnjEC:Dk-t8_ԉ*Jtq(d BBlZ[DlDK_' ;mRT揱ߕoݨsOnLv-^|9Wo5M~59X^/9?PACX2]cSU ct6a*Y]JӦj%qOz7?,aP&x~HbcMtUV6:[Ӵ:Sަ_"`2mA@.j֡5L]nBFƓ@Ie([<^Dn ϜxsaA19ѝ15բ?b6Yܘќd b5^a_Zieٲ}$ VNo ԟVLJ&M(VC \p7ϩܿcɑRXv/`[~q#dr%85%:˛k%EGRBj@mr[U([+Kiëp04m2NQ31fh2ӡ%ڳb>].Z#j+="u%ma8ŭd̔R㊳&3Zĝ./f " !i>xEHw=ߠXQOɀ \n$VM /-/.HaupFdy ϋdC˯Қc9VzgUSl-P^}-@b/K²K$}JӊVC#gsz+0 *nn&ȻX-N KPj5L0l#%l8"h}Q$D-ALn0[((D;D;Q 6[6շW@u6%'@SZk(}]q:=H BtR;{{`,"$񥥋T>jYÝO}N!4@f)X>3H;96n`ߋ7fN~lr;]+bipĘ|p?kq<ax9 ;Jܜi3Fkn3hZ#DߘmEw,Y2,XuKHC_ɛfEz%T.,D)z]:ĽDF9:MO0lF@1HH1}D yIzfCey78պhE .'U'ۍn>9!w O(?aU4nN`w7Ğouݟg?\޼A$Cu3HҤ4qU?RO2|' %,a@0xOamE?f*:|jp!, ]1NF~ϺQy7I$$T b@m ))U.m(hYS4)?dGFJ'[Xk]4ЂԓhU~3<bYVͺ$ MkW])ѝe$A&f$Zbw "e:]k--^\peV[ 24S}h9ItBŢ @Ojr'nj#'&=^c vrx`*?_/u 17/Bl6V ,]ܼ_ffJ 5g@"˺s{?j5|t51AWp(VD#Ѿ1E~MV]4:hnZ” Z'L i]C>ȱvhF5\0}Mq1mz rL,Skѹ,ity-jpߴX Z,2׵NGv?5-d˝$tZ8dZ`-zY:!蝝BwEfm1I|E ^) lOlZĥvwdjLiPWjAC]%-)-!EMzgvÔ_[àO0VT ]~,,:B"+anr{F2ʹ(z+Lֺ=t"Z"LhmEJ֚$R,]aiTSl1HE&&;zY ;1rok''>JyڴUN)w }pт`OFGH5q21?+U2@V}SIST.|Z~\+  ~Is$y)LZ,9',)G]6E۞$ALyºAdg'fUlA?sG "jA& 7+Յd2'U` ]5PUjIMr$7Zg,BIk BCQE+B5h.a'/t+kNX _}V,!ҠR5JͳBBZ%%:y]__l!хH»qR!I3\Lw79riheN’n9:)ݛ})+n*D}lHUn@.?Z]qURy/W<~ @jcn>*{l@=JZZ>ܶa#*]E CZ&!Nt1Ddi@h{c J?-KSZC1i]e+]#F혦AJtϋK%3Pر?{Zz?eL?99rFguACgsFB`WTM(*|KcX]R2 Ŗ0`k虍ښPLXtOo t6 ?<^V6ւf=ÖDj։<TA"Nhk'jE8b&nd JAyך‚h]ʪNM@n1?f\_f["]Y+XkL) 2@ĜL]"Lb $ 3UF0Ud=խ̰},щmҡu8сK@w2B،0Dz(5Ti Ž7" JI7N1g2`Pאr{LkŰϣ.> 07!=$=<7^c7bz2fn5?CGbt @C^lb$؅ulM5$LbzٱiyJ>c׵Atp&S$!"ieRr;V;Zdm. 4tL)b Qͭxt88xmCRݸ`{.Dn/n3|u9WcN LLa fn0 \|ovAi~M6K't~p|? pcW y0oM,~9SSaH!O,K9|4וCȔEM/%ڑR ?;ۢ5/!HQAmçΏb)L1(i3L!2,ZVC#7Sz5Mhn0 *s?ӆopsX(6ag?`1i|C%w#w(w+8Y3.[a+fb̞5;M*(0s@ҝͱoL='#`p7۹lj(P%Xp[8`"G= Uq/BZm[^D~eiDMt-H,2H.G 5ǢӍH+3jZĊ*$4D\o^ bh=A=֟A2ڨH_% o ,.-V$}{7Ț`AsgXpqw$\Lp 1=E+.m7"y\ʓ؎1c%BٿbBa0+`%슓+2LSz˃U/Z]  )8EvV+ Z;ir NXᴉa\p9ddM-EOVD jnh-hI)\I PTƏʲzM4f%&.>3 B|3P?]ߠ: u*` Z'w{=7>="V,<+&@ g!b2МM}'ނE'cs. /`1;e'$wbےݗ]NVb ;BFI9cgTy"!H@KF |ʬFnRҌE @sI%x^9bִhrZWHU/ѩce6`rͪaoôDf 9R67%)1w2mNSܧ<{yr89]]CW@i2ylGl Dsw5? ;chr':Bz״3BZ4D+ %!:@z]k;-:,Nb0T ANҷ3HD>KZ#&(.qlo` X\Hzf4|j@"+y .ē;gq@|sA1' nwZ/n踾7-ɗ3,? 㛇[NX} ]3Z~_oWG(AR69n1iR .RbK_{6=:r6㻖!ԓ<̆hphXQnAhsY洍 VD « p3L4$7 ,3AZc3}|~q{LC.{량hG_X ҹ@ň-@D>];#}S`d^u:C9yy)p: :􊝂iKݔ4ö?c5Wnf3qqӹ#0!(jTgsăaj;._g?>{S>_NQՋv[vWu 9ӂuДO$Ʃuc,:eE;$,@=> ̙LelHRvw^re½ѻC}{Xoad~rǧ7gw 9ŋ{VkwwwXkkMoww77L*ӹd-zҀ o2O7|Wg3PJA%׍ &"vV>U kMX3u7eg;v~9zq- %:@ GD+BtظҙNGYk}$ܪ%Z7nx#O BGsIҹ$z5?D6ۨZvm'drV*dZ^4{ZwDDZʑf ?i})~kͿ[.1ek=+!N'ywr=s NoYM"N 'Q xwP L~Wlj[gN4P惼?3˦7|. 96*t^ r9):з ޅyѢ[<(BWe~+ndԈViա.˪B<(X;6n^lճ%g6=S_sá‰RrVHt ^3FƢPZg Q٪kKt c !]2H8BqB$j,BŦEZg7RU\;?bU5'mnu7b0 m2Mqd>0Q7>vG B,VD7ĆI d3>FF= n;)`碪c5颈&!(g{_7lفsH4WBebL'aHK6VjL_FVR:x&VaHb&(2HAZ+%&e>$o§3YV ^-u;>GYQ1 )"5._c0IjA rܬ ='?;z5FZ3MZ=59񨻑|/$$DXDr8=zsa"gGvw1" d̕WDӀ4fY`JɥXhdnH͈PV' .)F( ShuD Q]<&Z*"_6z5)vŸ.sDGD.1Mf4"Pf`yƻ^&EcLw؋V6Q!/υegQffn\4Md S>}un DP 79.{okEƕZd˘oB*  RO_b#"س Œ(ש^7^q3̾uS ?yNW `rlעukR-yƈU9 =ί`/pHܕ! B}[Æ$% NuN4M0ljCԕnrD; H`(偵N "?y%]Ak2L22}-W7vdd$фoaكy* |]GgaCkGkb ƍTD;k9VF(ר,\CaɥH  b8Ӻ.'*`&:aSըv/8(^={Zph]`O0 Qn{ԉ6K % Dp 99BtJBI&EYˤ E*ރ̾ E6It}4u Z;.cK1 "GWpn$' n< !n̅`8I9Ehj[ZKjFv!$5B,D:3f@rQDǃ6I!Ȱu DIv+{[D68Q ^rmqA)dgGvDӑh"J :It 4H碢d$,'(&a+qWLAa˗;Ͼ-I]MJ6STgj[q ˭(I1LP H~1^ }v|kiC nX-6 úVa 7>x!ZwMNaVc05 ΢zVRǮi<Shag ¹ϰsE= O5> |:@I2K% ]VAiq2pbɢNẌ{sa;,ǒMTyP#i%>maٺDbIAYROK >]_bҺΥh[Gf(Zq@_ٝ ю…h7y9ml[Y\m_f>rkwp:<()vM78æ=w;YGt›-LpŋP*&AdkP5 SEK126E S!X贖6HeW ZBc=fiG>s*|g1 bk͵A'Z hZ&w6ZRkG瘀ZܫpA3!?w{҄Nx U2/TtTB[,XEU 4Xr}+<),h ;ke8yvi16}E;>1U>ýeV&ͮAEkZ{mu=!d*&:zk-@֘ Cx@TeES.z&{$lmߖ{AKv4-q`iDxl m9QN&eIpCC 0 )VD@*nXu[f>sD:Ntrn`@ٽԈ3bçtk],!m C(!qD+MucF|.mĢ N.&Y[H]]ЊG ho%[YiNU07\jzh$GYbWk- 8UpǑ c(\tQup )bMKU&HtofQg zX5_121a s{6}?2/?mnbUmj`oԥ0Z3NtӚbGIX׆KpS lWq "3x-njӢ-zE*3$=|0#ϻX򼹑64NT7b iZsmÝ~"2s7RN@;r.`[CPD'++eώP۠mZZhp!ӵnW5562ٿwoۻsh.pS2=וh跤S>E3L74ASqREFkNAq/k`{µx[%K4M,h҉Q{ԑM~(ugh-kZgvD[iZxĢb^|>3֊r{6>W؉mn`e|x>}֥HWѿXͱk}\17}3 1ȶ uę!oIKL6V Q<@&fZf)lJ͖&3J*΄A;6|Uε2sa,Byn;uP򻳳wg(;LJC:PohdPKD-qGhqѺGNkG MS`CEj3?@ܕۦA^DЬh'v~j6ZEK{|r}`i]WϏ:W CB[=#EO)5ĘUag7%̅-G Ƃk|0dMZp&<:xOerL޻kpJ$^4Ym V6 [;ώ| JB ^@o XW3:f $Z+WVʷ։.q8e8+Z fW5=;D2$kmcG_JOa{؄ sed4>ۮwZpi*+ʳ:G Zi zL_uJ~ yjk z'Rf)YȧAƷ*`"?yUYajLx[~2|/ZZ4Wg K脁k]Z$M4g5JZ?\g\UY؜s2?G9g/~ OZiq͋sO#g:r4n ^ΰ)vm;]\%a2Hȵṃ vj6P5it@2?[A-+Cܛ}@<Љ?)ڭPV3jPXkmhJXucf4ǣ? 1_4U-](2Cv \JQ"^^$ZԇJv_ j ndՄD`[{_.jAw\-SUH9 q1g!Fr1 l3-~;Iw?8m +`G!.+ J/J贞]E:dLJl7L8zSKkw3"yD23)mpڴhD D,7^jiܚ+ G.Er>Ek]M/PF#!u:' С2 E'D.,MT9\$%vngjz!9ӍJUUM;H4a2&3lArMh]V!8)z|`hT;>DSvgS'0pA:[+_ *@8A >3П8_YPqz-8"1y [zqBﴯT.1JpF+"Ӻ RyFX}aX/BHQ;JgP' YyY\|~B't#'v%ե+:bgoOpl~!ɹꕹN-9_)!$ǤHwB"HN086#ѕmbLtYɷG_-uV 6T'u隽hRԗ4!DnvX%p2nLw'?T13ߔ ?,KA'$@%hOϭВ1Ds,ZZSJ]Uüe, IE Gs@T2h&*_:\) 3c W0SE?p`mp/1`xڜ}0kӈ7s3 Ev]BH72|(75ZIFO.*rKUDc>1k>ϸM'efwwК S S䣑-$1q]"AUE[7}=m _:9ᅵu]{Į d_9:kckRbd!iE-U[ K1D*G%tzӆZ!dYЉ6f$9*F*r NC|;ډgL{D-x:9Җ";UYnDc!N Z aޅ=lf{֚++Pql)4%79;E;W@諅/ks>4;⯸( aqJȼƒn/vDSZ g3Ċ!#:9\ OM 62Opc 8'ʳ_25.+W2'pgݟ-zڜTZ v7E?b}~rwUr£ۡb"svQ*3kuqkR_jMti}ra$s]ȧ1IϵE1EDhqPPenB>ɖW:Z4Sckq+)hNxci#*˟>fv}a+yDr_}u~҃+,z d>鏓od-@!KqxǮ@Oc )|LAل#jT`mG8MwEAAdxO܄xܩi.< ʽԆїor0__fڃ\lQ_q/Ze(7,:W0p11*sD _ymDl5R }Ve bnː1yo6q ==|e s̹z~5czܢЩ)XJ<(ؾ<,셀N4/эRbrzF!{,tӻ2\iɺDo$ϵ+u.ۻ;9C}07ywsq[~Ji}cnx) SY BrF]^nyz\J`aڀߥ6qp.CC^"zцh^W\ nE7 pq#MM$$^ 4u u٦MY.XDv|fil=ü/^^ȉ. LјY|Dg᫭}sD;)Z[_8 DqP *Y 姵?[+ U6D#{#FgWC/8*NxW".&<_ȢBk!P-˕6Dk~uʲub3v S~Ɏ(YD3^2RQ ´c;Ϲqc1ѽ`[vhnD'u1HsmDKkbCv:Zxɋ?G l[ϗƦ^3 f4?Љ?Q| M4Wk`jq :@w+) '`[U=[<%%ǸXL;\ o.wx`Qc%L$@d$&-DZdˀf'ls9,|Pk/9$-+.Fh}wfC;/ouhmӺWXs=ѶxgeFPf8 Htc'Z@Y2F1´|i6$$-W1h!ʵp-Q;z%gG!o\/ΫWE? ŦTWQ|^\ـIC_nfZJ^QsD1)Ucѱ+1\C \֠A' e6"&j y~GY4WZsd.}-!G_]>>Kf"EѕmSvz & R,DtULqA)؎6[YO2 Jbrov;_&?7XTWEDOb4#`ӹwP}qjWEDNX3s2|LKQjPIQܚnqRlKyu4_]c/fz k1m#j~U΁9A`3N@ǦcѬ Ƶdc{YF\?Uzc wD8Zc c[;{-z675)a忟c">1kX:6\njC=$ѺT&ra%sW晀4H/lX x?#$}Z "=_`!|/"Afh,TAR6zҴv 6'ٍ2CqxyI'@;9IMRl89no$FWEhg/h M+>q1PɚփɏA^t >XJtrP@D1:zmWmi{6=k0z$-4F)-^gcJbu"Eorװk%w|iד ,(pD8źˣ>o|˕lXvY|ё?qL磍/#.qr1Q':UTDJyT%+UnutIWvҡo/g$Je8E{A5 h!@"13OORJEkpՄ&Z{F)-yeN|*?cN;ED\ /oW02_>\zFL~0 q?4i[)MT:Le~clW:A dcBHd.`e`bk ģ1wХ0km1СXNd%=d|qKnq_n,vB2DZ?\ ++OZj10up:HT-%mxV"J[`H4>D =)me_4L?p={5ß51޾cqz c1S%D`{{*2FNt[j]ChM:$cQN4a'ay2뇻wت"`1o]x)3/T)x.)rfj 1j]* 5`:½:ڴ*H`,D%T/y[ o)z2K=(]l$e;Z kˋ"Z30_hWEv/<"d7җH8DзXvߵd([I( d<?7xn Zҳtڸf> 4/tE\)=wتQ *yZxf1mdF緸 xOz_߱t:~`j %)J[T\9Ta0-ڹfEnqoW?Y`4EEK9R dE;f/pS ^h).i=-%v%֜|W}r~'DuJA%D 7Bm]VҜXT᫵?0 R땚8{ݱ =.)QIGNo~-G8ngovp\hcA`7}lh E?SV {HPa7:Ps™DMGkMشfa2&Јnw53 иADazchMi:\O%%Z+ /(.G|8z9:աGPD]4ekJ )AaE&/0l]G0bv5UNܖiۆgߝj7 Cnǯ=z̅h6 ˔]1l 29vVO~)B 1JZGUJ%65&ܳ.:vi]ؕ>nu:/b>e@ zOTK.jH(P<}m[5[HAg:Ţf=ڢڣDt rt )Xi |=٧`@F= 1΄N;,xf!sae,%fF*7G ;;d5u։,ZHߔeD4Q<3h],_mMus|,lynax;:p+-,VWg3H!MwdR??XB&+'}$)qct 5hx D>P۳yTb{gw'={q|q@ܰw}M`q;D\&1>[e` #Ԕhc%ghd"7@^; n;5|˭P'Y,Y#`?96?δ[4Nmy:d]-H + Տ;#2*RX.m,*_P4c ջrvݴ=m}vТ)yq /9BA܀nA4`V#ta  J1.'ݥ  Yn>/>HuإϪ .aeWVXen}m>ЏKE)7);h.E:x٧iE ЩHtE3ꃱ7n0bu`{ }]-A뤫eʹd`<ܢUrHNPTh>v#-QRmMZg{6=taSnp鈿]ݝ70 H>O"t>MzK%`QajbjR_T.@̓e^s\%ZDw(h_`<8L*1"gWhtZ~f#6V#s)M2/#^ Ê~mPSek۬PbJd['t-::ɶD;b;*{4c':ӿig_g@~A/i%=z?p{!D:4ţE}&"o1fcc- XZӄׄ ͏0$L\a)[70cC=D#7yOmtCn{j.qqDÃoONODwwAw$ۚNIK\=Ǔ_e!vIƖd:nnI_X_p bC/*^:/ɵ:%_`kue_?6Ѫ԰ߔ;כSm~׽Axm姱Uf6هDgwvZPÐՆP`\3( Sp{Xp{yw~sN ܑn='wx@nafn]B^pj ֺ (WL{g&}&l֏y-'#Zr>4Ph*sWGZ6d$SvP1eVXp %*&g4+8)C Ku9{)-,suKǸ-*t7b pӴ~c qf|(ĝ`>?56xgEtbp5' e\:9RW[/Z+:ʰ>At]v_IFu7G.쎎A~.P#]#?v6|n;>?z-Z€T0feCa B&q-=@A[AH^}r9 n_{utR 4eW ~y6w6?l~c/F/$;ĕܟuʓ9uN Ze*z*k]ZţC# a1DTN7H|:xdaq sMw%xs)uڧ/9Mۛ=%#XrIҹQhgW&^UۺmSpRhąA8c|[۳ 𾲪CO7sLI" ^^X1hp# ԟ U]넢tMoZ0{o?G4 Np? 澝(PvM p0ܿl<G \ʗ7VYNn4 et2lzDMd^5Laz<9qR51x2ZmkZ{&Gؗ\+2uPg\1S{xX3 h$ZH6[WE `.\tdͺ֖a LD#-nןĔY:v^Do_C=RL&Clxʴ#ƶvhGclgnlzuy6J`0H972ZUR b9D'Tf*կ!W!X;5yzuWD0=ڋJh9P8-I2h5='7vhz>A1:gq66Sy 9(jM.jU 1  # J}[oi-9{.;3sw=ne\E"/j"< $_u%yVرssht|jwL0^y_ɾ0?p5F}o8VQl89{jaqD3}jWTt]}сz ]U)* B*V*qɃ5N.t[/[U DΕT4M6=rz&5b_1jPPoK3$:vT5{t©bol }$ZїD0,!P%\*ƛq Po,OO ;z謆iUIA4}@{Z;rd`9CغP6K2pf niu* N `IF (L4nDeOW0l*o|}.#ST~RG=2ƛסkWD+LG3(ZGO2Ȣh7|^b-˷|޼7߼;$9jbf7CHY/ʧ;hctC)7n=-1-*#RF+닖np1+RS%_Q0B$6G1^dd$&S7@j_7)*0Lq?b} 2F-Z+V R1oD0VE7d+Z{GE%;1 ZUsGCʙj.\2 RSֆ8KLH; H,1 M~֯e{_!fpj' j]RU؏芕xֶh WȞhmE hWj :/_nGi-OD7;G)oW\h BQ$Nx֮~Kcјxvu܏fx$^ŨV^zOty w$*QLD<8i-T)KwZ ]P)8q-H(8 ^kNgÈL~{oEDZ5W0b4b6j23yf>e)Opb47=Ѽ>KaѮ`'ڪ^ 2he?kR:iO'+M~xs:4T@|*Ey*N+Nr쉶B1 `_a4{ huU"`%|IA%֓+"1-EK"3QNIv8le,󵘯6; [T:[93m3CzךT;ZP)5RƘKoltq Q2.fgmEҴXk+t| 0OO(tYt@T!Iɽ2Hek-?l-hnZXk$W@.pHi窟UJ'Zٜ',2$3XT'lSIXPqX,[/o._}@~O&2W Su?,>}P֊< ph!p >!V}[~FNguw|RsTq\H[}Ut$@/9kp @2tO8˻@;7}?SpK{&@ELu,$: N p-̢W\.G \讹:ǒ)7p6n3)a<>b*͛6Ѧ,0=1GzbT5aDATt,bċ{_m4B#4}jƮtyIG|"b;>=uZt?̢]Sd4?6{籣ǏX~d{7c_ r,O{j`¡ԓLd#X+IR u_7C#酕9L]WW@Q܅cȅ}VoOFᄭQ$;`3o=F{Z{f׵۵*ƧMB-vO27C;wn%>R3ްO+CKC#X3Hiu*Zڦt5` 36;0p>^O?] BHi2cJȰokëzE-j^ ײH>}4sU){8uLV4kńL۲㲎dx>+'Ĭ9jqAlMcm\xRҺ C&%hU?zn>\p:wq!wq₏hɵh9"&hxq ;X]`Э lM˔b0'Ǒm:q#?~?{+\["`/%v;_p=Ԡr~duY3Kkq`&!݂&ǭ,{i]ټ7hFAw&/~KC2PJWr7)#X)2]ܶOL.hkK|W̥^Njt-˞pZhD1~]V4+]ӧ:EL.X6)Ͽ>XKx0xv2- q,Ӻo^Z;iyh"sӚp*wӝ?Q)pCWfW1 rc{1V$"+닎rsI|.k+D~ʔMk@n:òE A`΀_5+Kwa\y$}s*[uKt ׫q堛)LOuF1!unM35ul #a⨏rM΅gXWkV84 \k#Qϓ]3E1,o޳ˢi3ұoδ/ZB\j<~!d،(U/ZӲV{◣-l(V0יR~ξ^iVHSB'TDi[/#:QNr[IT20b? }!Źk VCeQ;Ì $uOkҚHj1tV/C:ʵaU;+|kׯGW}0xb@~I/e06:[47صڨ;Kd=efLjyҘF>#Iz_oXdfGZ;8%z}9\nÅOl]Eu3HдCU>XwS'ZQi1>6S a < (*OK5"\Ƴásj[vxMuf%O*(([biĐ'Z yH̖vW䇲RIB mD36Vupqʱb f85IW>)QZ!gѕdF@y8~~^_o`zu m_)Fs_b0rҚV!E# f~- h]Bnq6 ^D= ?|ѨhF0ρ UB%"<S5a_瀴tOYd@`<Һj^-V7b 7; vf?Zd>qz1߭uNVwRMk㤉.ă5[c|DglM=x5:ЏY̰Yef]\yAg.qV$Oz.;59 $aKYgı0mRJ322Kj +3 `h GGbo{@vXd,wjus`RM45k."4DwU"x7oBG)aLQZ'ZΜmfE5|(ȢYTk*;g` $ p4E ]y|fV_7bB^chT 6kX. Mbcml{f~nS>#X#C]0}.*tc?k'ڙIpGjdw%ju\ߋ~|[*ZA6mIIDAT) C? ;b+3*6Vn-lCG:diZ~DO[R"ܒµRv0컁]98;l hw7?g-}3^cʷ`>:[aL bI2Ք(L>!]s)8h@g/=NL.3 s$̕ʈ"Ho1"fζ7FᇉQ L”ijS^tHʈ)+ YvgunT=R1n#l:&]a@ ֏Ez}0ڞ*᪵VkZSi]'rΦgxԇc0FNVNǸb0_.dat2Z]".曇[p`D%X{~(6g:,˘%qO Fj*|\;֏F>{8(zXAE}Ci즿|]K`XZtoZ3-u/{fgdnWvkWD>h,E ]Wi~NVX*m&Zuvv>|FhfCFolxجr0=q7EbkpKIZn0f8p[6z~),7]rso5{S2 SF`Vq>,ZΗfeSRnes̗q0%[;$_!kxSw o_bN]`ՀIv!'- uns*"cLnZWA{ŷC&ڄ]~@>{u1f5a?hR1YZ61Hrbm>tr E  :8-[k^ i{ 1ܞ۴0"qa[Fp}x3Ʈ/cٻ` ljZπuM4;1*3貪PN _a8Ƨ6p~Xڏ޾΅a=~7؎xBW^.Gn>)Hk}bXt80ZSg"4>iRUOEc fo9o:t#25A5`+Q̩i=O]& Xu%օ/SAQ y4*f M?cΰFO1D8[8~\@Fnx=FHbv X48+[#w ca bG٧26Ljb*UVbwm~'_^_.RUloEunr(ljա?a>k-ѯC! )37|}B)A~ )`>$1{{Y^Z-2ZG,O jN1`#@wnP r*Cy:v&3LX&8he8[َpaZ5 8vKxn+@Dcְr1*OO!D5 T4V#[6~R᤿Ep7rꋶ ex%H.aAɈ8a3:^X5z8lΤFוHJif}ޟm|MTU5 O#B]9_,px~^Cz̥ЭKdE+J2WbqA:EJB:I0CSB;t{ae}umB{эYr>::?emuVgp>{ehhNj\/v\9Ô3`6\cr58|) "sیzAQ vDd\5sփp8L,KZSƀ UQ݋J5G7a+PWC%^6_zX/? 5^dAGUwC@r_YC5=X@.F{(+yވ~1.ޠ˚]eVWWVimsV7?iJn]|xux_U LXth{uB F7{<'9)5Ҍ!_Mn@q?"U׫H<,%}0]Y0ʺ4:BIua4N }íi *u\5f&:d) p'ZZ7ၖPU |;z}4. c6;L;h|<0~~W# Az"G#_"y"=c˦lU|Z1hIDSxyn7a:,tEB{wI'`GJ~w[&x}VEAҘnF oQcf9]DCJnXn ;C3fOt.m,I:/t`9SYQ|F {} =R`U-h~X{`h,uZ/'My w');ˀ*nn qwb2Lz$\8R1)~ѩF>ڂ|M:ϖO#]Ά_%^mW_\ l5CMUYkձ;e4q]G##BB/`]ea6I#6)?ci_|50 `1(O>X.Rh} 2\t7gucA ҊQ8Ƨ:[i+|m}$O]ʰ( /=ѡhFު7 q,t 988{x@:B7.`?,>y2D0p/rcsD֤lSeBVS1<㙹$s'g>Ѵ.t~ inIIC mI=:e2$EޢMGގSdØ&f~1v.׎&ŨZֆ8Ѻ2l=Eis{QV/rv@]ӉSƠBEQ#hكW$%jVj(#]cnL1?TJ@E}:)(nYn^EڍKAZ`)+ۛ_"=9:;1+5G+x!q.V}F/vWr6fUb]4.dlfPJ'%yD˯Ed ]ҀcF=J;[tW堆A%ݶTXt\ldb8.c+dSSm#Ǒ&lƒ"߲OV WpVoFmZR F\}1x!X 4E 8}PIWDO'Gb%-?Ͱ0/anũ*_Kpi@]1w3iQlE@yI_ujUC9##dv: L!}خncV7JYozzur`vXN>o#.kټawS^v)44W_|r1P3[c^̗9Vg+~l 8]ANA! )Pv8#ڍwu\G.[IA/U5ia* ۧU'=NZ(Ճu'g8|>=Xc L.5$V#AƟ\FɮY 4 ٬C-;jZ-la%#PH2矑dlic5c7=? q`+^ޛWVW ML#w{ǵ-H,0``D7欃<0ĻCyՊqp{q=BFgO'p}svl2c2Rc喪&B+mcz}Ҟc0S1tO⟹S^ Ҝ]71y@3C^Hї~)Nw/=p`Q[*{O5RfQu&EwI!"&ڠqZ[߉֎2#ZHi+mThQ%sFMe0,G@g6f%$)L9-m q|F6dB~(Ꟛ@?,7O&;o6ot0ܳ[tg3xK6|#t{,\y!% 3HtwWI`;̀$YZ1\A.~*^nNhQ@f/ѹ[bFk9m1'k>ي[ h nȀ;elFُX#uј 23xD0F惊.6<_%ـ?p -+tV3J^ zWgq3f2l̶gvpÂiR sг P: Fr)?t 4`@`c-1.agMj@cޢfSJ?x>9V6 l9OXcG4EA ?턔Vvp:Aj iP͏BDBVHHR#&3Ν%U e1`kԕXǏ 0Gc5d8dWd*dLfah( 5NgL4M3Fu.3k*RdkME*yHSv-x=IGNE.Љs]k3 CgZlpz [li@6Zz cuaf.!Z7XB 8H?HS߯v`-u?Oq>M^Hr>1Uj`ЏI3ҊtF]:]GIkwl0W&h8\eN{ 0Z+FWm #.򍖥@\pژBL71 n DQɎNBZ3xNL`j[x%ƷKC^DKAYx,qr >4JtVi)jmaNDsmR"P: ߋ%_Rl?y \Ňo- &\xPHoF qRƨ>-UNӸ-6XMf%Z kЕO' ̊+42)5{0f./),.X Q $VjxAL]Pn_> ־o=|G~4z9Me7`0~k{\auzw^o~w~Ň[b; 3 |/Ke/#A[loۏlFbKmƸۯQ8-p)kw_7 Q5@јuB5, 苎}BB`4N1Uk;g~99_*r=&{KzܴP6Ira{ ȠT+UPsgŇ4,7&#cŠdx o6<7x> =V"A\/nmCoo6/ևfم{  k ுp"ԯq=^_ww%m+p~>"Qry"/8PƁaQ^?Cj]* (xt;`I> K<3"1c]$ɒsD y-rhed89a 9ZG4Ɩ1l4 `%o0gHmoiyBǴ<~@Ζ_ce`HA j`ن'CWw9sd@Ddc7Fn0B_U||kaT%U'zX Ӣƶ(j[u>#xap, ʂj^&@) s&xf^`%Z9TW=Gmqn '>^{9hwp ϾwÁo,Ct!zcx <,0 F !DkYscڗI._`=T~68qp2bS8howwNĂTf^ qkpπʲ[!{vM_6 ~k/Br5LJwhG][Qi.wh9bA+fBfL VbP'@:Tb6cWhY iBrâlu(> !z}Bt<tfWؾx[kuW'Rt6E]l8 %œ̋/e9Cr; Gn]<ljpden;BGۢvp[?NF~ 8  }"pj֋|C՝Sn!vWD0.`8I/zE| ? xBT*> Q.W0qdYmȕ:sLʵV-lnXs9(ݰG ?UCEF HQVGB?ܪLMxN2,:~9LZ}#_MD߄xb0萯 ^!0o:!ѭG_ُ?b_// 喹|^|a: h錉;dh cj!pCuAŊS=Pgp :~v{T TT@HPL UGj\SWg:Q #W ,yFRL-񀀊tءNxvp;"{m7UpU(mk^`/玢E3W#pn8K,ݤCpLjcssP,!N%!6#z#pKyi[lIZlOw~j W%cgp_ 1q¬`V_uVHv&jeUY3Ff&(VVv|GZA!ܢH1̠*x{؅VP:+|H42ĝVpl$$3="ҹVWsa9P~Fe_AΊSXM7q/JZrīF/jqÅ[N& 1uOmH0+֒mpl,=$x]3$9URu'n֪Q.gvEw_gG4ƳOvIm]NVM4E'9KN%wyq\AoZ)&tX#=w0XԮMѶbй:V8sZf]KAkESiG\Ly_Mk=AX,.lQ'*1Ji |L=3ZD7P w|']1Ve:3BBQ1ǁ-h\1X Aր7;v1d;7@`7j1n,T qa;+m'80RgEKщn T2n2":gafRZkf"Xhp?iUH;Gvω6:)WpnBy‰ID Z,lI^=!DUv{!?M41'zx1$s !*z "S x:?c~] o[9}>1;GX (6DW8a׺QTxV}Ze~bmX*nٺ]1u"RMS=#Ĕ'Hj'ڟ(@$|jdKqX3: bD4۶7b?iRUe!ηg.l ˰;tV 舤UZ(BCdp39 vAn%C|FvZ[` e&2ϻ9%1yU[{)#Zj֏D ~1.'r}nlyu: t%QbX }F~*'Ⲓg+OЖG3Մͷ:/w\.\qM[S]~ͧx?InPU0 0% \B 15z\ W dȷRxx`cC 6s!2uEԛskFa&`=w¯nYG:s~܌T4&;?Z״!:s۴%X9>!Ewg9",{t :Iф39 È2Ѐ&΅Wl}>YekMl%hڇ.T=ˣʯye/*#9<ѦC-R.YҒ Ok6r:3h EK+-ՕlBv5u[ۇY1vs5!E(1A,6%:h7a w);1abxv CkYUc:čy J~w8~s[Zs^V~]7=[^aFښC1a-*0x[F")Rlmlǡ=->B'ռbl4A6iXR6bqm8E86D39јNx?ϔcM*b㤌(mÞ{$~Ch1ʎVL&a#`) BLkc L*g50wjTl 㞌XnLCxOTJIR:1ص}f5[N L,ie-XL 9$A2gz|:ե6:  ։iKS$ װlWۦSyChj N6Jt0k#?svÂZlҼ$3 qG!bh:dsN838y ۇ#G"!bp`d>[yo7G?쌆f&/L-dw5^竏ayӥ'MX0yw#PԎJD"0cջD*FۧbJ.6ŵbl`ԣ18s]CS Z׊D]$0i Z&,7Όp̛(Ä@;[Caà IqXRC!|5~+v^0kۮX~_Iv)kHn[|"B2HŒ!܆l;$ 6>0Es]Ht 9["K4:5HOsnvWgx\XZNok@¼ϝ٤3H!E~<26ѢTq]IeA\ Z:Axg:R5㤠%Dd m]%`k*Eä<Ŝo&;p.ҕhּ9k6X~34R% v]c\ϥ`3Dc-8ؙ󹍐]v =h:vML0쒳9Dv!&Ǿ"ΫdYD}bJK1EZ[QnOBHyOXcvlwL˴W0meЈ>(ҮU:jjZqL ɐ.>,3 j˥3ߏ&v[n\DUЍ >@N`OT7Zc$x||M3]'w3lwzWzeW":n'c"Gn֢pvL1MUZaȨzv1hxu'4"~B ;P0)vT.,be\pQ[6x-A+ t˖u~Te@=u3 vU4tN?hX{1boFЏFhE%̶ 6^y'=jk@h>S!X2gM1Z;c<7NႫ[$mdSU  H{geAEk<3tbʵh'/|M[4KU.(3>o}ߊ{p4:`o݊5BCB7!Sab3lA$Hd|Q=8s,Pn789AB48{h%L-0ف"EEXp 6[ϩnv1.Mt979*(V#+nB>Y'٢[/e`WnRCӬ=b׀)rnN1 d`)E?7]-]؂Ѭ-xD##nž}l3'dtd=ygBd,i k=FZȢ "_RgЎ+lZMfODŶbe;k4b$!X#!ʅƞ~CIX =Žm9y֍d/!ٹLOkوv9aIs 0QAb3M50$vLȖ!y]cU6Ǽ M;#kOn&[T6,eM}RX8xGAtAYOOسZufƘ+a WZ-n$#ab,ODW1dllxBh[V7Bf߰Q(cW 9K6':>RSg*N&t5ے|TPeSz9 ^qEƷm h&\]u1k*4vS!g?Ͱn 9 hEk gxmdW_s5 w _Y W֞bTD4=n[EY(+Lcxʴ̊rv4TI@8,R)*(H~yH$O񔥒 \[yJ]:q+eȴ$!ϋLV%jft_D =Zغ,AZɀvqU7R1l"pNm"8&2՝劮LppB'+y\.=X}օ%zчLgIO N\墓R]  U>fiavJ jTA=]vO327XnTaHkrOtUҺD_m,:#-6i=B}ʏ5=mXVR DNHN[ZZu%R my,wLX9eW"Wǒ֮}m-uc|RsRWF9h"qYq]DSExe**zۏYR4 ExYZAk*n J s݃G%:8b{1ZՖimjOt~- jH ' z-EvԟЙ!'O"K쒏Ar2)ڢum>Yi-$;a„:oq XRwđI ) N&'CIc2j{\ _z@ARZu<mp4o/F DDb-ڟJV3Eiy~ʀZ#|hNv'ל:AI I\fRr\ jQM6; hQxˡkYnVeRֆ4ODS8t>8v,6]n#6-:z"~!(Dc[KS}]D [ Az6:,U=Îb>B"p SDk#wlgQqWѨ-/&7SUqvqAcKDžvc{!&\ɨOD4ʌBF-Sz^kN'}Jg_vuyzH^flul-+ 2.F뤢hGOmmvOxZ"4 Eo,ot?W O}[" B8K!!o=@3$Ofmr+A#VQND*:-]럈㴈XyNk:ֵ\8% " iz[^-çAz];[Lc[Sk}Ҹgk%3񛊼-tcJhGNuPtj/X?D ([MjQEVC4cWTw V%V4=DEx^C#ܮOAlOt_k^UZw:i\;.<_ag!R im{?2{ym%!>I}]reMѮTam$vQɨU˻~hD_TGUu:#Ks0rL`.Y~)WLRIS\|{G6V%Z NOE+Z i1`R3H0!ƈ0]!*EPtiJ;pmv'Z_M=, zu%n(Ze"l֭ޜ0`wC`QRhDuD ~mm{![1O~"+CG\so80 "in_֥AcEz=_xi.&j>1$`|nΰTB~9){'n[W^Bt.LX贽r-o ߞ)O>U[&hqOA(Drb+Ơ\߃: P,6G Yli8K{hq^n?3^*Fn:1M njBSEo &UF[ZaTb:á|Fxyr[ݼND{Y*,۬OT7WODrP R%THEY]:H k-^!Z{Zd~PL^¤ WaX7Ǟ׮Y΅^> RG\tlimBE &_+F ڟmdٰDrHt&LfOOuT=t&%th=WJa+iϞ[6Z Dt\ۿU_0sԉv$,Di4SOL̮1=cJ3,aDf~KײH:D?ֺ٢*"i].4<*~E5$eu@ѧ8DBGF~a vJ1"5c@RW'$ގ-ªYd],huU_n],Q-Z9ZBB8_خ{ua&bJ.|xclA,Z\҉Vŧp(o?Wx')junUFHcGz|7^ݢӎB5-CZKtOr,Xz=b&q}ѺAXqKtE$&JѢ%aZkrE34wvך%7 ls䦕Ar'Zcم?-ݷ 'U>]UHMIۺ_bP?)F*i->*Y [5KtdB#bVgF> o51{U HIDt3J('NQ:6:ѹDGt =%/! b6X_8_5` yә!s a) iFJϢPŐUj7h>UPy$'ΉU- D&0iᦴy ?i-܆2~c oLV|e#f~ ,2!.ci ӺokUĥOΣy]®|Ė@V$-^.&o9$?ba(*D D]w55ĩС:[cS T`t!-T/.ڐ.n.QU9nkI#+Xkf2Fh,68e* 9׺ƶŘ.+Zn16 BA)F9eGt/h?~LbN ;]®vt*6l`ъ+yBN|ϲ~Nkg=/!EU }6=A(:Z) f 0h?0qAf#XoMXBMtŕ1U_sF Ov[kF~i mhIΝN͉A(b"ҢS!46ѾHG]>P7 -U<6%8#\3+Շ) 4$a@hUa4 2|ʬ;% FUgc8:{=JQA;BUm̲#Ѿv36g=򋏜XY4%5},JKEtU#E8nؚs: V/1X4 Ҋ.2hAC)lgN:Dy:n M ,jIEx^wșp=Y*?eC=/6;ʹTkDo'͔Mk4h ։CxGvU7eE[I!Y!d*c֞~޽/ D=oQHgkJ1ֲKWJ*Fk`QEzdkDk?nԋAKM" f)d @CSY]P>nCmJCaJ|?w N#XVd)ε`A'ʑaj':ZKT^tW7tm2ĿDG9YCeB&@Ok^\{ZW'A:b뮒9?{=A%ˍi2êNOxJ4T3L:m\e8rMUpLq!I5<u! jh7W:.b6@qIt4ڒ#+3M3ψ}bH m밭v{}PDyѧueb4Ўҋ/h\"=1USR3hJ-TND;wqhz9yDws->qQCF2.U Mu~IH4/0D>V2Pr(ZM릞nnK&cD 2VU~$&\ U`5!*lh^Iz(`nvpqW@8kxn5MZ(-IKxԞ6I$Z,7W94>'4=jzyP!x:>6sEBJ:"SoWZ#`vh傣/<_sf'I&OD RESJ\~:W9m|bʼnSQNZ1֒`PmE|A?oS8)aq fK!_5L!#7Ѯ.20h*pF .Z6&W9vKJ `M fN  gKnb2 9^ [殮iI[hiM}0k|>8Jr#oSӐO7vz•S{e'@ӻJ6g0mу1TNpD^+&2Zgqxdh<(mf݅E=9>'Z#ZZ[ZvyN ` 'C?|y Kc~iJJkvMI{nbrgO;{8,SZtگ;xEt-;lu5&p*.TsDj\rӉVslY2~'zꨳCϭN3[?*@ C+q1|}چ(D}b;1P^pո ilKD;]aIc|:W #W&SѮ•"Gt?Tʍbc v6Je,*]'.9Hƙs36,o 5v-/PYX Jc$;Qu'0/s:ѱ`]ol 5`}m&[8ϖ뫙$r~Zt3\v [GȻ Zm6Z?->k)-!JS?Z::UV4iM(W)$º(a18vn#j}EKL,".2;qB;XvV3y:_bJd>Ǹ1d@ط&%{s]B•9p|>O+l ^"ٞk4@zd; b܄i9xv}rwer\X|0+jf󵃳=1MȾscmߏWjp"}bЧl} \3s3ԇOX,f9a.7! ְ[k#lTɃĩsJyp30x"ErM͘+`)m;9ֺ P"@V\e6>Hkld Ir?t<6=B`ƛ a-,W zB)c+5%ۙ5>;|/j5,Wޕʲ-v}Bm pKqae {0;N'1avpH\6X`XOx;%!H a'?عwޣ7;ubs0D3 CIg'*Lڵh,r~EM #"YX:MhI^lEtynZ\hӚuD zM 1{ݡ x{jpƅp}"Ia*EÊwr/N tI服mm`|L {#ԃ5엊S*b3x<<,o=)|)Eog@ w[쨭ŀ%\>`);.l \̱-})c{B=!.6m ^z8_urNM|1qc}-&&5HD&;хG#Ov9m5, fWkm Tap(!f.`;X2 N9l f"Ė+>a+wVE[ba!M!z;ώtoPRk`X{e}5bC 4F!i{m['?BX`=9|awuPsw=y,H_@ʀxcTxܟqfC,!0A6K&GΏ[gpaLSYް T:ذ3W|cCKwzt8 zP :r*DڞnTtՐF~(b ZP_jnO3sç%{ AzH\)v&Ҽǖ38 xbl/=j}}OD$<L@$&sBA]Bwܲtzvc)v(z9y"!WH5%$,%-č:d  M5R{LA%Zu*v*ѱLftNJCh*e: e"d]]Bz} 3FpFEcn@&d)ta'41 hmBױif.ύ(a ZOG3xp\d㳜D͸P3zaAo#ΗD'bnʹ(hCDFW lHz;fпĄ%bc.!Rw;l-Rr.XP?΀{W1&j "RRJ pw5̠Xru9f1Ϥ]1D#gLt`qyggvkn/Dڛ#;>1ᱝPY7zg =3TGrA7޹Q r߸a#M4`;c-a/4.h_8)R^Q33k9}uO-Ie R5Ėq~?Cf'n;n,(hDE,v=:G~3X\ єFBg|M`k1T{߃G IS* >XFf?_rb:D\Fr$-l/ 7`~d^r^K8l &u"8*6Yax1)c\K%.GGFXQmhIȵSR)cQ1X[ CR*s#"ݤS£BhѾ4=Ћ=Nӡ!cVj8 < Dc~#{7g :dsTGƈZ<|C `g~O^p d6s/BB 9 tscL+OK0z DΒ[أ0 enz2C->A.np`nt\uy'h+[o!tKcv=r~1[ Cv#c*Y<%(x€p$VѸ͐5);gSPJ%>zx4E@6a߸F5zB[MHL|OP hOTQR_}:'e;ap7)SUt`h7Հh;q8[%`3=:CWȜ! __pc0ưMB fM`A%<=3+ׁS6WkD4{bIC؁@ÿѷ1h tCVjvV&`9OܚZA(I`hV@{6Tyq).oc8ܡ =}Y|/nK4Jh:?~dtpxSYp%/tvneSR8!xxaRu<rĸ"M7^WyTCmu &ڕ&=.Pq3.?t?a553شہ4 jQ 4u#IY`ƒ`)&7=Ѻ(;T}Tޝ46cP.`b%ښ6 4:=DF9;Ƹ*!T*xOؑuB?Uv@"Be'4qTF]|VJT:w`Ef.1PO l%:921'*+s%Rhq#u),Rد VV jC9%J,~3]q愴hٿ6..yCk'-u(сXPAv[N&SXBZ&F_E#["B&$'XYAH65K^զbѶr g J; &:*N퍏E(Dj~IS%1j>>g=odT u,Z^\.@o=PP@hֺ'pTZJUuP%a$+onaku(RJb804Pg.uEh]T{2 K=+ZG#ZͣdΣv[`-e/M.r-qk79)THR )Nh1^ɃPISsA*S\ a7d4mD5HDABP,1g4UݱhNL&.1krZ_h;h0!V' VىxRb.v=%S6ۄӴOECIP]da-hCU},qZIv8#@-kVY-RSeEHwqIW1_u}hWP^n Dy@x61!!1pbae0B|'uSa5+uZyQe2 |Kg)Q  r5RP( h٢yr(ZV'ZhZ]=Ѻw_t6kT`EI&:#я~,:O#lA>:`E2$— _im}C]yZ,d4b,wㅏD;s}j Lk$[9l翼xIENDB`@@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No ListVU@V  Hyperlink+57>*CJOJQJS*Y(\aJo(phB^@B  Normal (Web)dd[$\$\O\  subheadsans1+57>*CJOJQJS*Y(\aJo(phH* # - v ]|XqJ00000000000000 0 0 00000 #XqJ@00000Ą70000i 0i 0000H#H#H#v DFHXC8@0(  B S  ? {Dù {{4r{DJ{l{{<{,R"{"{"{T{{$ֹ{L{{d{]]e   YYJ     cll"" ]]J B*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region9 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsState8*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace I   J[gJ333 __GJJ_frF ^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(_ft,\<Hta @zHP@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial7&  Verdana?5 z Courier New;Wingdings"qhRFRF6 16 1!24d;;2QHX)?2Historical Perspective Linda Bakerctltstaf Oh+'0   @ L Xdlt|Historical Perspective  Linda BakerNormal ctltstaf2Microsoft Office Word@@`@`6՜.+,D՜.+,X hp  UW Educational Outreach1 ;d Historical Perspective Title 8@ _PID_HLINKSAK&javascript:showslide('m1t3img05.gif')  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry FoXǝData Nn1TableMWordDocument.*SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q