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WKS 12.1 Introduction to Solutions (2 pages)
A homogeneous mixture is also called a _____________________________.
The substance dissolved in a homogeneous mixture is the ___________________________.
A mixture that can be identified because it scatters light is a _______________________ mixture.
To conduct electricity, a solution must contain ___________________________.
Polar solvents will dissolve __________________ solutes.
Because water will dissolve most solutes, it is known as the ________________________________.
A homogeneous mixture that contains particles in a dispersed phase that do not settle out is a(n) ___________________________.
Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other are _______________________.
A(n) ___________________ is a solution whose solute and solvent are both solid metals.
Dissolving is considered a __________________________ change.
Ionic compounds will only dissolve in _____________________ solvents.
The letter _____ is used to indicate the number of particles formed when a substance dissolves.
_________________ acids and bases completely dissociate in a water solution.
___________________________ is the process of a compound splitting into ions when dissolved.
___________________________ are substances that, when dissolved, conduct electricity.
Explain the meaning of the phrase like dissolves like in terms of polar and nonpolar substances.
Compare the properties of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) dissolves in water, but carbon tetrachloride does not. What can you conclude about ethanol and carbon tetrachloride?
Classify each of the following substances as a pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture(solution):
Salad dressing
Chicken noodle soup
Milk
Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride dissolved in water
Air
Water
Chocolate chip cookie dough
Carbon
Gasoline (a mix of hydrocarbons)
WKS 12.1 Introduction to Solutions (continued)
Circle the best choice for each of the following multiple choice questions AND write a statement justifying and/or explaining your choice.
Substances whose water solutions conduct electric current:
are nonpolar c. do not dissolve in water
ionize in water d. decompose in water
Justification:
Which of the following does NOT increase the rate at which a solid dissolves in water?
raising the temperature c. using large pieces of the solid
stirring d. crushing the solid
Justification:
Raising the temperature of a solvent causes solute-solvent collisions to become:
less frequent and more energetic c. less frequent and less energetic
more frequent and more energetic d. more frequent and less energetic
Justification:
Solubility of a solute depends on:
the nature of the solute and the temperature
the nature of the solute only
the temperature only
neither the nature of the solute nor the temperature
Justification:
A solution that contains a high concentration of solute but than can hold even more solute is:
unsaturated and dilute c. unsaturated and concentrated
saturated and dilute d. saturated and concentrated
Justification:
Answer the following questions.
Define unsaturated.
Define saturated.
Define supersaturated.
What are some ways to increase solubility amount of a solid?
What are some ways to increase solubility amount of a gas?
What are some ways to increase the rate of dissolution for a solid?
Carbonated drinks are made by bubbling carbon dioxide through a colored sugary solution. Do you think Dr. Peppers are more likely bottled at 10C or at 50C? Why?
WKS 12.2 Solubility of Covalents & Ionics (2 pages)
Name the following covalent (molecular) compounds, draw the structure, tell if the molecule is polar or non-polar, and state if it will be soluble in water or oil.
FormulaNameStructure
(Lewis Dot)Molecule polar or nonpolar?Soluble in water or in oil?CH4 CO2C2H 6 N2 H2O HI PH3 NBr3
WKS 12.2 Solubility of Covalents & Ionics (continued)
For the following ionic compounds, give the name of the compound, and determine the state (s) or (aq) that it would have in a water solution.
FormulaNameStateFormulaNameStateCuCl2AgBrNa3NAlPO4Mg(OH)2Na2CO3SnCl4ZnSO3Ca(C2H3O2)2Fe(NO3)2BaSO4MgSO4Fe2O3Ba(CN)2NH4OHFeI2KClO4KBr
For the following ionic compounds, find the formula of the compound, and determine the state (s) or (aq) that it would have in a water solution.
NameFormulaStateNameFormulaStateCopper (II) chloride
Silver oxideBarium phosphate
Zinc nitrateLithium sulfite
Sodium perchlorateLead (II) bromate
Cesium sulfideCalcium chlorate
Iron (II) chlorateMagnesium bromide
Potassium sulfateStrontium hydroxide
Sodium iodateAmmonium chloride
Aluminum cyanidePotassium permanganate
Calcium carbonate
WKS 12.3 Dissociation of Substances (1 page)
First: Determine whether the following ionics, covalents, or acids are soluble in water.
Second: Write equations for the dissociation of the following only if they are soluble.
Third: Determine the i if they are soluble.
Ionic, Covalent, or Acid?Soluble in water?Dissociation EquationiBa(OH)2CaBr2HNO3CO2BaI2AgClH2SO4NBr3CCl4KOHNH4NO3Al2(SO4)3Na3PO4HBrHClO4AgICu2SO3HFZnCO3Br2Li2CO3
WKS 12.4 Electrolyte or Not??? (1 page)
Fill out the chart for each of the following substances.
Formula?Ionic, Acid/Base, or Covalent?Soluble in Water?Electrolyte?If electrolyte strong or weak?Sodium chlorideAcetic acidStrontium hydroxideHydrofluoric acidAmmonium sulfatePerchloric acidCarbon dioxideAluminum sulfateSilver bromideCalcium nitrateSodium hydroxideHydrochloric acidLead (II) iodideButaneMagnesium chlorateSodium perchlorateAmmonium iodidePotassium hydroxideCesium nitrateAluminum sulfateBromine gas
WKS 12.5 Solubility Curves (2 pages)
If a calculation is needed, show your work to earn credit!
What relationship exists between solubility and temperature for the ionic substances shown?
What relationship exists between solubility and temperature for the only gas, SO2, on the graph?
Are the following solutions saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated?
20. grams of NH3 completely dissolved in 100. grams of water at 80.C
80. grams of KNO3 completely dissolved in 100. grams of water at 55C
110. grams of NaNO3 completely dissolved in 100. grams of water at 45C
How many grams of sodium nitrate will dissolve in 100. grams of water at 22.0C?
Ninety grams of sodium nitrate is added to 100. grams of water at 0.00C. With constant stirring, to what temperature must the solution be raised to produce a saturated solution with no solid sodium nitrate remaining?
How many grams of sodium nitrate will dissolve in 300. grams of water at 6 3 . 0 C ? ( H"3 8 4 g )
H o w m a n y g r a m s o f a m m o n i u m c h l o r i d e w i l l d i s s o l v e i n 1 0 0 0 . g r a m s o f w a t e r a t 5 0 . 0 C ? ( H"5 0 0 g )
6 0 . 0 g r a m s o f p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e a r e a d d e d t o 3 0 0 . g r a m s o f w a t e r a t 1 0 . 0 C . T o w h a t t e m p e r a t u r e m u s t t h e s o l u t i o n b e r a i s e d t o p r o d u c e a s a t u r a t e d s o l u t i o n w i t h n o p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e s o l i d r e m a i n i n g ? ( H"5 0 C )
W K S 1 2 . 5 S o l u b i l i t y C u r v e s ( c o n t i n u e d )
1 7 5 g r a m s o f a m m o n i a a r e d i s s o l v e d i n 2 5 0 . g r a m s o f w a t e r a t 2 0 . 0 C . I f t h e s o l u t i o n i s h e a t e d t o 8 0 . 0 C , h o w m a n y g r a m s o f a m m o n i a w i l l h a v e b u b b l e d o u t o f s o l u t i o n ? ( H"1 4 3 g )
A s a t u r a t e d s o l u t i o n o f p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e w a s m a d e w i t h 3 0 0 . g r a m s o f w a t e r a t 4 0 . 0 C . H o w m u c h p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e c o u l d b e r e c o v e r e d b y e v a p o r a t i n g t h e s o l u t i o n t o d r y n e s s ? ( H"4 8 g )
5 0 0 . g r a m s o f w a t e r a r e u s e d t o m a k e a s a t u r a t e d s o l u t i o n o f p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e a t 1 0 . 0 C . H o w m a n y M O R E g r a m s o f p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e c o u l d b e d i s s o l v e d i f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e w e r e r a i s e d t o 1 0 0 C ? ( H"2 6 5 g m o r e )
A s a t u r a t e d s o l u t i o n o f p o t a s s i u m n i t r a t e i n 2 0 0 . g r a m s o f w a t e r a t 5 0 . C i s c o o l e d t o 2 0 . C . H o w m u c h p o t a s s i u m n i t r a t e w i l l p r e c i p i t a t e o u t o f s o l u t i o n ? ( H"9 4 g )
A s a t u r a t e d s o l u t i o n o f a m m o n i u m c h l o r i d e d i s s o l v e d i n 4 4 7 g r a m s o f w a t e r i s c o o l e d f r o m 9 0 C t o 3 0 C . H o w m a n y g r a m s o f a m m o n i u m c h l o r i d e w i l l b e p r e c i p i t a t e d o u t o f s o l u t i o n ? ( H"1 3 0 g )
4 5 0 g r a m s o f s o d i u m n i t r a t e a r e a d d e d t o 3 0 0 g r a m s o f w a t e r a t 2 5 C . T o w h a t t e m p e r a t u r e C e l s i u s m u s t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e b e r a i s e d i n o r d e r f o r a l l o f t h e s o l u t e t o d i s s o l v e ? ( H"8 5 C )
W K S 1 2.6 Molarity & Molality (1 page)
YOU MUST SHOW WORK TO EARN CREDIT FOR THE PROBLEMS!
What is the molarity of a solution in which 10.8 grams of calcium chloride is dissolved in enough water to make 125 mL of solution? (0.778 M)
What mass of zinc nitrate is needed to prepare 675 mL of 0.0012 M zinc nitrate aqueous solution? (0.15 g)
If 120. grams of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate are added to enough water to make a solution whose molarity is 1.50 M, how many milliliters of solution do you have? (321 mL)
Describe exactly how you would go about preparing 1000 mL (1 liter) of a 0.33 M potassium hydroxide solution beginning with solid KOH crystals.
How many grams of water must be added to 455.0 grams of potassium sulfate in order to make a 1.500 m solution? (1743 g)
If 300. grams of magnesium acetate are added to 5000. grams of water, what is the molality of the solution? (0.423 m)
How many grams of lithium nitrate should be added to 800. grams of water in order to make a 2.00 m solution of lithium nitrate? (110. g)
Describe exactly how you would prepare a 2.50 m solution of potassium nitrate beginning with 1000 grams of water and potassium nitrate crystals.
WKS 12.7 Dilution and Solution Stoichiometry (1 page)
YOU MUST SHOW WORK TO EARN CREDIT FOR THE PROBLEMS!
If 30.0 mL of 12.0 M hydrochloric acid solution is diluted to a volume of 500 mL, what is the molarity of the dilute acid? (0.72 M)
Jack pours 130 mL of water into a beaker already containing 200.0 mL of 6.0 M copper (II) sulfate solution. What is the molarity of the copper (II) sulfate solution now that its been diluted? (3.64 M)
If 250 mL of sulfuric acid at 18.0 M is diluted to a volume of 1000 mL, what is the molarity of the diluted acid solution? (4.50 M)
If, when water is added to 27.5 mL of 16.0 M nitric acid stock solution, the new molarity was found to be 1.34 M, how many mL of water were added to the original solution? (301 mL)
How many liters of 0.100 M HCl would be required to react completely with 5.00 grams of calcium hydroxide?
If I combined 15.0 grams of calcium hydroxide with 75.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl, how many grams of calcium chloride would be formed?
If 10.0 mL HNO3 completely neutralizes 25.0 mL of 0.351 M KOH, calculate the molarity of HNO3.
If 25.00 mL HCl acid with a concentration of 0.1234 M is neutralized by 23.45 mL of NaOH, what is the concentration of the base?
WKS 12.8 Colligative Property Calculations (1 page)
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What is the freezing point and boiling point of a solution where 67.3 grams of sodium chloride was dissolved in 755 grams of acetic acid? (BP = 127.3C, FP = 4.7C)
What is the freezing point and boiling point of a solution where 14.0 grams of glucose (C6H12O6) was dissolved in 250 grams of phenol? (BP = 182.9C, FP = 40.7C)
What is the molar mass of a substance which is known to ionize into 2 particles if 6.70 grams of it dissolved in 983 grams of water, and lowered the freezing point to -0.430C? (59 g/mole)
What is the molecular mass of a non-ionizing (non-electrolyte) solute if 42.6 grams of it dissolved in 189 grams of water raises the boiling point of the solution to 100.68C? (170. g/mole)
How many grams of potassium nitrate must be added to 500. grams of acetic acid in order to make a solution whose freezing point is 15.0C? (10.4 g)
How many grams of aluminum sulfate must be added to 350. grams of water in order to make a solution whose boiling point is 101.8C? (84.2 g)
Pre AP Chemistry Unit 12 HW Packet Name ______________________________________
Pre-AP Chemistry Unit 12 HW Packet Name ______________________________________
90% of a worksheet must be completed to earn credit for that worksheet! Page PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 7 of 11
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