ࡱ> q ?"bjbjt+t+ AA?]xxxxxxx     (4 $p333$<0\x3333GxxpGGG3xx@@xxxx3GGxx\@ 9Y   Unix Command List Unix is a popular operating system for workstations and minicomputers. Unix is the Operating System on Sunset, Cypress, Willow, Sweetgum, Cedar, and Cotton (basically all the main computers here on campus). It is a text based system meaning that there are no graphical interfaces to help you execute tasks. It also means you have to type in text commands to make things happen. IT ALSO MEANS THAT YOU MUST TYPE IN THE COMMAND EXACTLY CORRECT OTHERWISE IT WILL NOT EXECUTE THAT COMMAND. These pages are meant to help you with when you need to work on a Unix system, not all Unix commands are presented, only the most frequently used commands. Math Commands factor - finds the factors of an integer factor 324 dc - desk calculator first type in dc then hit enter, now enter in digits and what you want to do 3 4 * p q 3 4 5 6 * p q 5 5 6 + p q other dc commands [also refer to picture below] use _ for negative numbers (Unix will confuse - as subtraction) ^ use for exponential values v for square root the p [postfix notation] tells the computer to calculate (like enter button) the q tells the computer to quit the desk calculator function.  Date and Calendar Functions date - shows the date and time cal - show calendar this particular function can be handy in finding out dates from many, many years back (all the way to year 0 AD), can print entire year or month year cal 1999 cal 9 1752 Communication Commands finger - provides information on users; idle time, last logged in, real name, etc finger [username] finger crebman who - find out who is currently logged onto the system talk - communicate on-line with a split screen write - communicate on-line without a split screen mesg - deny or permit the write function  pine - email mail - mail function without the GUI interface of PINE, complicated and not recommended to use mail crebman trn - sets up a news group in pine (takes about 10 minutes), for viewing news groups Text Commands diff - compare two files diff filename1 filename2 nl - count the lines in a file and display them nl filename wc - count words, lines, chars in file wc filename cat - show contents of ASCII file cat filename | pg (causes pagination through pipe head - shows the first part of ASCII file tail - shows the last part of ASCII file more - shows the file in increments more filename spell - find spelling errors in a file (prints out unrecognized words) spell filename grep - finds a pattern (word) in a file and prints outs the entire line grep word filename pico - a text editor within Unix that allows you to make changes to a file and save pico filename vi - another editor within Unix that is more complicated but allows more functions System Commands logout - allows user to get out of Unix, end session exit - also allows user to get of Unix, end session login - allows user to log into another account without logging out telnet - allows user to telnet into another computer system without ending session telnet sweetgum.olemiss.edu whoami find out which account you are using passwd allows you to change your password, type your old password, then new password twice du - shows your disk usage in blocks man - this is the online Unix manual access command, having trouble getting a command to work, just type man and the command, also works for subjects too man dc man mail mkdir - create a new directory (folder) mkdir directory_name rmdir - remove a directory (the directory/folder must be empty first) rmdir directory_name cd - changes to a new directory, note the space after the cd cd new_directory_name cd .. - changes to the parent directory (folder) that is immediately above your current directory cd . . [note the dots is the directory name in this case] pwd - present working directory clear - clear screen System Commands Continued cp - copy file cp filename1 newfilename mv - move file (copy and delete the original) mv filename 1 newfilename ls - directory listing, can list entire directory, or list all certain file types ls ls *.exe (the second lists all .exe files) ls -al; - list all files ls -l - show attributes of files rm - remove file rm filename Special System Command the chmod command This command is very important and very dangerous. It controls who has access to your files and what they can do to them. Unix designates three different types of access designations, user, group, and others. User refers to your own personal access, others refers to any user who can hit the sunset system, in this case the entire world, group is somewhere in between, in this case, any person with a sunset account. There are three types of access authorization, read (r), write (w), and execute (x). Read basically just allows a person to see your file but not do anything, for example all of your web pages need to be read allowed for viewing. Write refers to a persons ability to write changes to your files and generally you would not allow public write access, otherwise your web page could say something you might not want it to. Execute is the ability to run a program file on your account, in this example there will be times when youll designate the public access to execute, and other times you will not, it just depends. The command looks like this: chmod change attributes or permissions on files chmod ugo+w filename Notice the order of ugo ~ refers to the three groups, user, group, other, look at the example below;first column D means dir, next 3 spaces =u, then next 3 refer to g, last 3 spaces = o With chmod you can add read, write, execute all at the same time, or only one, or a combination. You can also delete access either one, all , or a combination. Essentially the command reads as such chmod [ugo][add(+) or delete(-) permission] [specify what type of access granted or denied] other examples (what is happening in each case?) chmod ugo-x filename _____________________________ chmod o+r filename _____________________________ chmod g+rw filename ______________________________ chmod uo-rwx filename ______________________________**** *** what is the danger of this last example?? ***** Keys ^C Control C will quit whatever process/command/task you have started <> These keys redirect input and output, to the left is the input file, and to the right is the output. count.exe > total [input is count.exe program, output is total | This key is called a pipeline. It basically separates commands and lets you execute multiple commands. A common example is who| pg, which basically tells you who is on, but only shows one page at a time. Miscellaneous set - shows settings to change enter set prompt=$ set alias - creates new command alias dir ls al [this command will execute the ls al when you type dir] alias [this typed in alone will show all alias definitions] unalias - removes alias definitions unalias dir at - this specifies a time to run a batch process at 04:27 calendar 9 1752 | mail  HYPERLINK mailto:carl@career.olemiss.edu carl@career.olemiss.edu ^D [terminates] this command will send a one month calendar to carl at 4:27 am at -l - show at processes at -r - remove at processes ps - show status of processes kill - stop processes (must specify a process) kill 2112 .files - indicate hidden files .project limited to one text line .plan this can have multiple lines and can list whatever you want history to see the previous commands that you have typed in, can run commands, ex !-2 vacation this will send an automatic reply to a sender, which can be useful if you will be away for a while and will not be able to read your mail Cl  + : = q u     p }   J V X   5 : [ i n  j6OJQJmH CJOJQJ56OJQJ jU 6OJQJ5 5OJQJOJQJQAM]kle  AM]kle  : q   [ }  H V } 5 Y i rN0|CR[f?W2L\wC\}b : q   [ }  H V } 5 Y i  "tNS 06TfkAW\$2LP^wy!CJ\a}QV'<=>PUV jU j5U56OJQJ5 6OJQJOJQJ 5OJQJU rN0|CR[f?W2L\wC\}P%<=}P%<=OP,-abgU#1Gfr>LM= W u !T!!>"?":OP,-abgU#1Gfr>LM0Vdbgj(UV#14Yrw!@MP= B W \ u w !!T!\!!!!?"0Jj6OJQJUj6OJQJU56OJQJ 5OJQJOJQJ 6OJQJF= W u !T!!>"?"`0 / =!"#$%nVaYVPNG  IHDRgAMAsBIT3 NIDATx?$yC*0 J8Q#`w.pOaxVB3 21x xd2 eo0l5ۻs55#aVWW^<>~FJ͵{Rz_jgRkw7xٵ֋Oo yOyNvٗn}w~W7>o?~ov>O>Ny)׌w\V?/~*g:?ټ\՘0]t{{ۼp:}wm+^~olnۻ M)=V߽_PwKAN@}ÔR{!`~'o~xITN׿g_>kWڣO.9߫ƚF|zT藓SnFߨ촁v*m `Vj% <'mߏgO~fWKsyo؁Kv`I'_T6[ ]񄚏?|w;FAi¸rs}Ѿ΃w~߿&fO=SM ;߫+4~5}(+37Y~є͘ޡg_>?\žȘKN5.Iʩ|8n_cak.*cnhWnoZٗ_[_Ҿp`|u޵KT?'E779x#50%#m.3=^KcєG?]2m7nF'j}~6kg~~&+QlgtvQ8>xy /}>?|<|;_ @|{kr=ܜ(`򫗗%9'&#gt:?W^5~:1 5| KO~z noo~o?zW/nJO=t:mz [~{o~O?q-O`-}B0~nb^V /7k9f``@3" %9 {VZln.˅Wn1v*}3>851לܬ^Kfw% lgR`o6̎t;0[n|K*+N]3p{ѽΤn[zٳ.>нv{Zs?暍'6;ʹ'}Zk^f`qrmK`䯵Rα =WM,TfݫԷ9ܷ/)}Ѧ2н-&Ӌ/nt7`0 }/T}6]fS0``~ݱO"  ͣkQ*fd%9v:./u{3 KN Ut:j|F=B_'X=Τy'V]ӳ;Z8U_Y1Z|VmCqҍ4Ie1ݐs{48-E?ΦBVL\t?8B\a.b>U 菚r c.ʊb=$p-}|ni9+OjOʡv2z(Zy[ N-ozj;?ګsS3Zq|3YZ$8;xK0@ &7$LzIluʎZ#F`Fl/WQl{ATaW}ib kel/8zP0p-p-@3"  f9x T̶'g(5bT RTgׅGg(HB`@3eVvĩm)N0)PkH+ffp f =(2D f ) 2pE f1 )P63"  f$ʬY)S1R`RlcE3-b e =%O0( 8܌`ۘ,/a Q*f fE0@ HYٶ}(m f 6v )N0_{.P{sQٶ3m % J $ fD0@  4+۶b#8 8CƮ >pv{.J0R`R`#P1D$  fD0@ feT̶}'g(58|aGXC1pE f>@@̶}j0(33"  fD0@ `@3"  fD0@ `@3" 7݁Nˋ|ݞ *j./.hd;HA^1K\_v5MeFδ` ,`k,`Ӗ(3l7Kr@ `@ʎ7nGb>N84GM{y]sUM`Pҧө}orN˒~?2 :䯾zݕE21k%7hYkU68B ^2;*GtYKsQFSn'<רl'+~wik53<hj;#߱ge %  fdd)TVsv|\tzfcK &*~8rżRY3*kײZ&͘վ|1mv[_=+T3u{JP1R|vñ$'" 5W’ 7H>ݝl@vSxyq#YP&`1@ `V.U B0+ZT`@XH fD0@ )L:f S8@tU(3ƚX]`ނX CY оdǻgE79M{y]q#y e7!}:~&GF`O]u>" N 2i~XZ pY+5x8>4G x ݔ'5ϧv2z(ikϵ֐>LRwjG}SрUsSS/_XnNbc:=f3r`6eM,jPM:0 ;5vْ Rڢ?.5䊗@)'ꇾ]vVg,EiO'X<+TU&M1KeXQa׌>cw'f Kr@ ]kkS1@ #i>2 fD0@ #ke{*T̯dV6U7:U}'ϘV\k ${}7@=MmԼv1kKr6*Gt1q fD0@ Ģf `-yܤZs|\jy`[/ 9NJ|V+햢,.~[q)OGw:|-`@a׌ _ٖNjW K?SP 0.m)8Kr@ Ys-,r꩘  Lf#vHMN`j f2ʾJ?q)E0@ V3" >no\ksSz8@|@-.ڴpٛR6p8yv!8B0g9w v9}6iA T ۣK&O Jj{YBp .nW'5r3UNVF/EWph{}7@=MmT}p]G]`d<=f8T/zy~\ŋ/@*f䍔pn@0^:?mqIENDB`n\=w5+ȆPNG  IHDRgAMAsBIT3 IDATx?AEJ8 Ҹ&UV@]HUɫ8ƧqsHĝ"WUgHT wƣ 9䗻?ᐳyqS^ݫGwӏVUuoo^t0@UUտz5zx}quQZ.~ϯׯ?:̸+ 僯/ZzclϼZ6ͤfleTSi?ٚ͛i^|z,Up*z7az:vڞw]n/4TЪ}hG77o/..S;8 p\>9>zxUUU󃼺SJO߿||O[U+6yW2ëWT*?/)~~ueߣ\U?iÎ,29}ԝy;p)_|Pٷ;7ԚpFޜb'~|ZfO*{<;JmfpI d SKX'K~/{ G}\7x*ӏxs=G616%SʩG%\ۼgّ1p;4_Wn<؟}:^z#W-ϐJ6Z;)lhŻ{r|ؐk`m#J9s[D}xT;oְ͕!Pw;Yr9X8{p%`9;/=8.9yqS q'__ݜ}埾Or۪y?Yl&דK5?|= _^{_˷o}돆?˧o gT>f`0@a A>w:'vǶzLZsz =Ȃ38;8/5Xd6Tr]>0dsʦ1YruRu1GsU22%.4` 7.7`pY~~7Ov1z.3i=*fxiG-{7 AS{1@jZN=kyT)~~*$dܤq|Nk-p; T|R%?'mzϏƇ<TSz\E(ϐqvgPw u`is^cl6S1(>6ou4oiNow)Sx,cއ6pe\ΚvǹlFO=%~p3Ƴ(1']}.Ľlyq\b8mȍ83{wFy! y$l[Xib'ඏ=i=zzsʤ ?~jdv[;}ұWwUS;~ qHYyrdSs?w;G#q}0xU9F\ C\ A3f"D 0@a A3f"D ;}tD8-GD 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A3f"D 0@a A5yS1@{UU=驇a&\;IENDB`nk>0򬸇KUPNG  IHDRgAMAsBIT3 IDATx1y `-bHbTRaW,IƫqHĝ" W TH:-.Cpx @ˏ|g8͐syջh|0 ^?&>0|p׿aã+xGֻ> ̫Շ>-|ۗoR^R~/o_^\'z4}r^UPm_mK/+I_-[VU///?.CVе{CZj{3hP(ɏ? 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