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( ( (eadd5( (e5( ( ( (dd Otv_w] (5(.0./ (63;%63 (63 (,ee (eeeee[([( (eee./eeee!!!$*K!!!KD  ____________________________________1_london_______________________ *1* Arrangement: - the capital of the UK and England, the seat of the Monarch, the Supreme Court, the Government, the Parliament - lies on the river Thames - 7,000,000 inhabitants in the city, about 12,000,000 million in its conurbation - consists of the City of London and and 32 boroughs - an area of 1,580 km2 - the Prime Meridian runs across Greenwich (in the east of London) - industry: London was an important port => a lot of products (wood, furniture, chemicals, food - beer, sugar, diamonds) exported; clothing, printing; from the 60s => big plants moved to the outskirts; new plants (paper-making, oil refineries, car industries); 25% of the financial transactions take place in London (NY 18%, Tokio 10%); the London Stock Exchange is the biggest in the world; postal services, gold, silver and platinum trade, art trade; a great importance of tourism; more than 50% of sea and air transport is centred in London - transport: The Port of London declines (now developing into "The Metropolitan Water City" - shops, railway, London City Airport); some docks for oil reloading; riverbuses (on the Thames between Chelsea and Docklands and City Airport); 5 airports (Heathrow - the largest, Gatwick); railway - controlled by computers, rail connection to all parts of the island from 15 stations (Victoria, Liverpool Street Stations); underground = the tube - 273 stations, 420 km long; buses: the busiest place for bus traffic - Trafalgar Square (recently double-deckers, nowadays quick single deck Red Arrow Buses and Green Line buses); long distance buses = coaches (Victoria Coach Station) - parts of London: (a) The City of London (headed by the Lord Mayor, the "square mile"): Central London - the most famous sights; the City - a financial district; the East End - immigrants, ethnic groups; the West End - Trafalgar Square, theatres, shops, restaurants; (b) Westminster - Buckingham Palace, the Government, the Parliament; (c) Southwark; other parts: Kensington, Knightsbridge, Chelsea - places of interest: (1) The City of London: The Tower of London (built by William the Conqueror, till the 16th c. a royal home; nowadays a museum (the Crown Jewels (the Jewel House)); the prison (famous prisoners - Walter Raleigh, Guy Fawkes, Rudolph Hess); the White Tower (an arsenal of weapons); the execution block (Ann Boleyn, Catherine Howard, Thomas More beheaded); the Tower guarded by the Yeomen Warders (well-known Beefeaters); six ravens to protect the UK kept there); Tower Bridge (is raised in the middle in 90 seconds to allow ships to pass); St. Katherines Dock; St. Pauls Cathedral (1711; the Baroque style; the largest church in the world after St. Peters in Rome; the Whispering Gallery; Sir Winston Churchills funeral, the wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana in 1981; graves of Admiral Nelson, Sir Wren); the Monument (commemorates the place in Pudding Lane where the Great Fire started; 311 steps, 60 metre high); Lloyds; the Bank of England; the Stock Exchange; (2) The City of Westminster: The Houses of Parliament (1547 - the Seat of Parliament => Great Britain is the oldest democracy in the world; the House of Lords - a gothic hall decorated in red, the Woolsack (the seat of the Lord Chancellor) in the front ; the House of Commons - green benches, presided over by the Speaker; Big Ben (the name of the bell; the strike of Big Ben used by BBC as a time signal); Parliament Square (a lawn with statues of renowned statesmen - Churchill, Lincoln, Benjamin Disraeli); Westminster Abbey (the most important church in the country; from the 11th c. (founded by Edward the Confessor); the Coronation Chair; almost all coronations since William the Conqueror have been held here; graves of Mary Stuart, Elizabeth I., Charles II., Henry VII., Edward the Confessor; the Poets Corner (tombstones and monuments of John Milton, Walter Scott, Byron, Wordsworth, Shakespeare, several even buried here - Chaucer, Robert Browning)); Whitehall (Government offices); 10th Downing Street (the home of the Prime Minister); Buckingham Palace (1703; outside - the Changing of the Guard (they have red coats and black helmets of bear skin); the north wing - the Royal Family (the Royal Standard is flown when the Queen is in residence)); the Queen Victoria Monument; the Mall (expensive shops); Trafalgar Square (political demonstrations; Nelsons Column (about 50 m high with 5-metre tall statue of Horatio Nelson at the top; two fountains, pigeons); the National Gallery (one side of Trafalgar Square; Vinci, Tizian, Rembrandt, van Gogh, Monet, Manet, Dgas, Renoir, Turner, Goya)=> near to it the National Portrait Gallery; Piccadilly Circus (the busiest and noisiest place in London, an entertainment centre; the Statue of Eros); the Millenium Dome; the London Eye (a rollercoaster) - shopping: Oxford Street (the best-known - John Lewis, Selfridges, Marks&Spencer); Regent Street (Hamleys - toys, Libertys - fine fabrics); Bond Street (Sothebys - the famous auction house, jewellery shops, antiques); Piccadilly (sportswear, menswear); Knightsbridge - the home of Harrods; Tobacco Dock (a vast complex of shops set into warehouse); Soho (metropolitan place); Chelsea (young fashion) - sports: Wembley (football), Wimbledon (Wimbledon Tennis Championships), Ascot (horse-racing) - schools: London University (the first to confer academic degrees on women - 1878), the Royal College of Art, the Royal Naval College, City University, Brunel University - parks: London - famous for its parks and greenery (all major parks were once royal gardens): St. James Park; Hyde Park (with the Serpentine Lake (swimming, boating) and Rotten Row (horse-riding), the Marble Arch (former an execution place), the Speakers Corner (everybody can say whatever she wants, but mustnt touch the royal family)); Kensington Gardens (the Albert Memorial - built by Victoria in memory of her husband Albert); Kensington Palace (a home for the royal family); the Albert Hall (a round concert hall); Regents Park (gardens, lakes, a zoo (1826; about 6000 species including a Panda bear)) - journalism - connected with Fleet Street, but nowadays most magazines have moved to the Docklands - music: 6 orchestras; halls: The Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall, the Purcell Room, the Royal Albert Hall, Wembley Arena - opera & ballet: the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (the home of the Royal Opera and the Royal Ballet), the London Coliseum (the home of the English National Opera), the Sadlers Wells Theatre - theatre: Mostly in the West End, the area around Leicester Square; the oldest - the Old Vic, Aldwich; the National Theatre (a complex of 3 theatres); the Barbican Centre (the largest centre for arts and conferences in Europe, the Barbican Hall (the home of the London Symphony Orchestra); the Barbical Theatre; studio the Pit); cinemas: the South Bank Culture Centre has the National Film Theatre and the Museum of Moving Image - museums and galleries: usually free of charge; the British Museum (including the British Library - the Magna Charta, manuscripts of Charles Dickens, Alexander Fleming, da Vinci), mummies...; S Kensington: the National History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum; London Dungeon (a horror museum); Madama Tussauds (wax figurines - Jack the Ripper, Margaret Thatcher, Gandhi, Churchill, the Beatles, Elizabeth I., Martina Navrtilov); the Sherlock Holmes Museum - environs: Greenwich; the Cutty Sark (a Victorian sailing clipper that carried tea from China); the Old Royal Observatory; the National Maritime Museum (former hospital for sailors), the Royal Naval College; the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew (18th c.); Hampton Court Palace; Windsor Castle (originally from11th c., but burned down; the largest inhabited castle in the world); Eton College (1440; famous students: William Pitt, P. B. Shelley...) - the history of London: - about 800 BC - the Celts settled here (old Celtic word "Llyndum - a walled place situated high") - 43 - Roman Londonium established - 12th c. - during the reign of the Norman kings (1st one - William the Conqueror) - the royal court moved here from Winchester, for ever - growth, economic rise - 1565 - the Royal Exchange in service - 1665 - more than 75,000 people died from a plaque - 1666 - the Great Fire of London destroyed 4/5 of the city (nobody died)=> formerly wooden town rebuilt with stone houses (mostly by Christopher Wren - about 50 churches, St. Pauls Cathedral) - 17th c. - Lloyds Insurance Company established - 1694 - the Bank of England - 1773 - the Londonpostal services Stock Exchange - 1837 - 1901 - Victorian Age - the Houses of Parliament, the Crystal Palace, the Covent Garden Opera House; Victorian style of red brick=>belt of suburbs - from 1836 - railway network - from 1863 - underground network - 1982 - the rescue and new development of the Docklands (East) - criticized ______2_Great_Britain_geography_places_of_interest_selected_history____ *1* Arrangement: UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND - the four countries: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff), Northern Ireland (Belfast) - total area: 244872 sq km - population: 60,4 mil - capital: London (7000000 inhabitants) - 17% people below the poverty line - life expectancy - men 76, women 81 - unemployment about 4,8% - currency: Pound sterling = 100 pence - languages: English, Welsh, Gaelic - the highest point: Ben Nevis (1343 m) - the lowest point: Fens of East Anglia (-4 m) - about 800 islands - geography: The prime meridian of 0 passes through the old observatory in Greenwich; no point in the country is more than 121 km from the sea; islands: the Isle of Wight (S of England), the Isles of Scilly (the extreme SW), the Isle of Man (in the Irish Sea), Anglesey (N Wales), the Channel Islands, Western Scotland: The Hebrides, the Orkneys, the Shetlands; The highland area: Scotland (Ben Nevis), Wales (Snowdon), the Pennines, the Lake District; the lowland area: midland, S and E England ("the garden of England"); rivers: the Severn and the Thames in England, the Clyde in Scotland; the climate: Temperate, determined by the Eastern Atlantic and the Gulf Stream, rain is fairly common throughout the year; woodlands occupy about 8% of the surface, most of Britain is agricultural land - Protestant Church of England - flag: ="Union Jack", England and Wales (the red cross of St George), Scotland (the diagonal white cross of St Andrew) and NI (the diagonal red cross of St Patrick). In its present form first appeared in 1801. - other places of interest: Stratford-upon-Avon (the birthplace of William Shakespeare - his house was pulled down, there is the old grammar school he attended and the Holy Trinity Church); Kenilworth (a Norman castle); Warwick (castle from the 10th century, the home of the Earl of Warwick; Oxford (1st university); Cambridge (2nd university); Canterbury (the seat of the Archbishop, the 1st convent in England established here); York (the residence of the Archbishop of the Church of England, a superb Gothic cathedral called York Minster); Folkestone; Winchester; Hastings; Cornwall (situated on the Lands End (SW, beautiful landscape); Stonehenge (8 miles North of Salisbury, from about 2,800 BC, two circles, two horseshoes and the Alter stone); Coventry (cars and bicycles); Liverpool (the Beatles, Steeplechase, football); the Lake District (Windemere, Grassmere glacier lakes, lake poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge); Hadrians Wall (from between 122 and 126 AD); Edinburgh (annual Festival of Music and Drama, university); Loch Ness (a Loch Ness monster); Loch Lomond - economy: A member of the G-7 countries; a well-developed agricultural system (wheat, barley, oats, hay, potatoes, sugar bets (flax in the NI) => cattle, poultry, sheep, pigs, horse breeding)=> the products feed 3/4 of English inhabitants; raw materials: Coal, iron, tin, zinc, lead, in the sea: Oil, natural gas; Export: machines (Rols Royce), chemicals, means of transport, Scotch Whiskey; import: foodstuff, machinery; services are growing; Manchester - textile, machinery -history: the 1st c. BC - the Britons (Celts by race, warriors, had druids) 43 - the Roman invasion began (druids massacre)=> Hadrians Wall and the Wall of Anthonius built the 5th c. - invasions from Germany (Angles, Saxons) 597 - St. Augustine landed in Kent 800 - England split up into seven kingdoms 489-901 - King Alfred the Great protects England from the Danish and the Norsemen => feudalism arose 991 - Danegeld imposed (money for the Danes to go away) 1016 - the Danish King Canute ruled England (prosperity) 1042-1066 - the Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor 1066 - William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy against English King Harold 1087 - 1100 - William II. 1100 - 1135 - Henry I. 1154 - 1189 - Henry II. (1st Plantagenet) 1167 - Oxford University 1189 - 1199 - Richard I. the Lion-Heart 1199 - 1216 - John I. Lackland - 1215 - the Magna Charta (or the Great Charter) 1272 - 1307 - Edward I. - Parliament formed 1377 - 1399 - Richard II. - roots of the struggle between York and Lancaster 1338 - 1453 - the Hundred Years War (wool export to Flanders; John of Luxemburg, Joan of Arc) 1348 - the Black Death 1381 - the Peasants Revolt (Wat Tyler) 15th c. - the Wars of the Roses - nearly 85 years, 1485 => the Battle of Bosworth => Richard III. killed, Henry Tudor became King Henry VII. (Tudors till 1603) 1509 - 1547 - Henry VIII. - the Anglican Church founded, had 6 wives, daughter Elisabeth I. 1536 - the Act of Union - merge of Wales 1558 - 1603 - Elizabethan Age (culture - Shakespeare, trade) 1588 - the defeat of the Spanish Armada 1600 - the East India Company formed 1603 - 1625 - James I. (a Stuart) - GB united 1625 - 1649 - Charles I. - struggled with Parliament 1649-1660 - the English Revolution 1653 - 1658 - Oliver Cromwell as the Lord Protector 1685 - 1688 - James II. - a great favour to Catholics 1688 - the Glorious Revolution (William III. and Mary II. king and queen) 1689 - power into the hands of the Parliament 1707 - Scotland joined 1702 - 1713 - the War of the Spanish Succession (Gibraltar) 1714 - 1727 - George I. 1715, 1745 - pro-Stuart uprisings in Scotland 1756 - 1763 - the Seven Years War => 1763 - the Treaty of Paris - GB got Canada, Florida, some islands and African settlements 1721 - 1742 - 1st Prime Minister - Sir Robert Walpole (two parties - the Tories and the Whigs) 1760 - 1820 - George III. 1776 - 1789 - the American War of Independence 1801 - NI joined 1803 - 1815 - the Napoleonic Wars (1805 - the French defeated by Admiral Nelson at Trafalgar; 1815 - the French defeated by Welington and the Prussian general Blcher at the Battle of Waterloo) 19th c. - the Luddites (Ned Ludd) - they destroyed machines 1846 - 1855 - the Chartist Movement (voting by ballot...) 1854 - 1856 - the Crimean War (fear of Russia) 1837-1901 - Queen Victoria 1914 - 1918 - WW I. (the immediate cause - the assasination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand; a League of nations founded 1939 - 1945 - WW II. 1945 - the Postdam Conference 1952 - Queen Elizabeth II. crowned 1973 - a member of the European Economic Community 1979 - Margaret Thatcher the Prime Minister 1982 - the War over the Falkland Islands with Argentina 1997 - Tony Blair the Prime Minister *2* Vocabulary: a League of nations - Spole nost nrodo birthplace - rodiat counteroffensive - protiofenzva druid - druid El Alamein - Al Alamejn flax (fleks) - len the assasination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand - zavra~dn Franze Ferdinanda the Black Death - ern smrt the Crimean War - Krymsk vlka the Glorious Revolution - Slavn revoluce the Napoleonic Wars - Napoleonsk vlky the Peasants Revolt - povstn Wata Tylera the Postdam Conference - Postupimsk konference the Seven Years War - Sedmilet vlka the Sudetenland - sudety the USSR - SSSR the War of the Spanish Succession - Vlka o apanlsk ddictv the Wars of the Roses - Vlka dvou ro~ to massacre sbd - zmasakrovat koho ____________________03_the_usa_geography_places_of_interest_selected_history___________________ *1* Arrangement: - the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canda and China) - borders on Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, Canada, the Pacific Ocean - has two distant parts: Alaska and the Hawaiian Island (SW of California) - founded on 4th July 1776 - total area: 9631418 sq km - population: 295,7 mil - ethnic groups: white (81,7%) black (12,9%) Asian (4,2%) Amerindian&Alaska natives (1%) Hawaiian&Pacific islanders (0,2%) Hispanic group - numerous, but not an official ethnic group - currency: US dollar = 100 cents ( 1 cent=penny; 5 cents=nickel; 10 cents=dime; 25 cents=quarter; 50 cents=a half dollar=a fifty-cent piece; 1 dollar=a buck - capital: Washington (district of Columbia) - consists of 50 semi-autonomous states - administer 14 territories - the highest point: Mount McKinley (Alaska; 6194 m) - the lowest point: Death Valley (California; -86 m) - a lot of national parks: Everglades National Park (beautiful swamps); Yellowstone NP (in the Rocky Mountains, est. 1872, the largest and oldest NP in the USA, about 3,000 geysers and hot springs; impressive valleys of the Yellowstone river); Yosemite Valley NP (in the Sierra Nevada; the highest waterfall in the USA - 739 meters, giant sequoias) - Pacific Basin - disasters - geography: The surface - the Appalachian Highlands, the Appalachian Plateau, the Mississippi Basin (the Interior Plains), the Cordilleras (the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin (full of ranges and valleey - Death Valley), the Colorado Plateau (with the Grand Canyon); the Cascade Range; Sierra Nevadas (Mt. Whitney - the highest peak of the continental USA - 4,418 m); the Coast Range; the Great Californian Valley); rivers - the Mississippi (the 3rd longest in the world - 6,212 m long); the Missouri; the Hudson (connected with the Great Lakes); the Colorado; the Columbia, the Rio Grande; the Yukon (Alaska); the Great Lakes - L. Michigan, L. Huron, L. Erie, L. Ontario, L. Superior => together more than 250,000 km2; the Niagara river (part of St. Lawrence river) - connects L. Erie and L. Ontario and forms famous Niagara Falls (51 m high); the climate - varied (temperate prevails), differences between the climate on the Pacific and on the Atlantic coasts - flag: 13 alternate red and white horizontal stripes as a symbol of original 13 colonies, 50 white stars in a blue area, nicknames: Stars and stripes; Old glory; In service since 1959 (last two stars - Alaska and Hawaii - added) - economy: The biggest in the world; 30% of the worlds indutrial and nearly 20% agricultural production; a member of the G-7 and the NAFTA; raw materials (molybdenum, natural petrol, kaolin, natural phosphates, salt, natural gas, sulphur, coal, oil; arable land covers 20,7% of the whole land, only 2,4% of the population work on about 2 million farms, export=> corn, soya; export: Chemicals, lorries, cars (exports 42% of cars), aeroplanes, computers, machinery, paper, oil, consumer goods; the main trading partners: Canada, Japan - other places of interest: Boston (= "the Cradle of Liberty", an old town); Cambridge (the seat of Harvard University); Plymouth (the place where the Pilgrim Fathers settled in 1620); Princeton (Princeton University where Einstein gave hic lectures); Philadelphia (the place where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed); St. Augustine (the 1st European settlement in North America); Miami (recreation center); NASA - Kennedy Space Centers Spaceport at Cape Canaveral; New Orleans (the cradle of jazz, the flood in 2005); Dallas (Kennedys death); Houston (NASA); Chicago (gangsters); Detroit (car manufacturing - headquarters of Ford, Chrysler, General Motors); Pittsburgh; Niagara Falls (the American Falls - 51 m high; Horseshoe Falls in Canada - 49 m high); Mt. Rushmore (Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt); Las Vegas (1850s - occupied by Mormons; rodeo festivals, gambling); Los Angeles (Hollywood); San Francisco (the historical center of the Gold Rush); the Grand Canyon (the Colorado river, up to 1,7 km deep); Metero Crater; Monument Valley in Arizona (red stone spires and chimneys); Disneyland in LA - new plant from the USA to Europe => corn, beans, potatoes, tobacco -history: 35,000 ago - native tribes from Asia come to America at the site of the Bering Strait 1492 - America discovered by Christopher Columbus 1607 - built Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia 1620 - Massachusets Bay colony established (a basis of New England) the 2nd half of the 17th c. - a triangular trade system 1651... - the Navigation Acts - some goods can be sold only to England 1675 - the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts => established fixed and high taxes on both exported and imported goods 16th DEC 1773 - the Boston Tea Party (10,000 pounds worth tea dumped into the sea)=> the War for Independence started - the redcoats (the British - more numerous, but worse in tactics) vs. the patriots (American militiamen - led from JUL 1775 by George Washington) => battles of NY and Saratoga 4th JUL 1776 - the Declaration of Independence 19th OCT 1781 - the British surrender at Yorktown 1783 - the US defeat the British, the Treaty of Paris 1788 - the new constitution (the bill of righs added in 1791) 1789 - the first constitution proclaimed 1812 - the War of 1812 - between the US and Britain (it harmed USAs trade)=> between the USA and Canada => a disaster, 1814 - the Treaty of Ghent (the pre-war status quo) 1820 - the Missouri Compromise => a line separating the North and the South was drawn 1823 - the Monroe Doctrine announced (the USA wont touch Europe affairs and Europe wont touch America) => two major parties: the Whigs (a strong government), the Democrats (individual states) the 1st half of the 19th c. - the Republican Party formed (concentrated abolicionists) 1861 - The Confederate States of America (the South) established 1861-65 - the Civil war => Lee vs. Grant, the North won 1866 - 1877 - the Reconstruction 1867 - Alaska purchased from Russia 1898 - the US defeat the Spanish in the war over Cuba, become an empire 1901-1909 - Theodore Roosevelts presidency 2nd APR 1917 - the USA enter WW I. (during Woodrow Wilsons presidency => his well-known Fourteen Points) 1919 - the 18th Amendment prohibited alcoholic beverages (Prohibition) 1924 - the Dawes Plan 24th OCT 1929 - Black Thursday - the stock market crash in NY => Franklin Delano Roosevelts presidency => the First New Deal (public benefits and buildings), then the Second New Deal (allowed workers to unionize, the Social Security Act) 1941 - the Lend and Lease Act 7th DEC 1941 - the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor 1944 - the USA took a part in operation OVERLORD 6th and 9th AUG 1945 - two atomic bombs thrown on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945 - the United Nations Organization 1955 - the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (the NATO) founded, the Marshall Plan 1950-1953 - the Korean War 1962 - the Cuban missile crisis 22th NOV 1963 - Kennedy assassinated 1964-1973 - the Vietnam War (seen as purposeless) 1974 - the Watergate scandal NOV 1979 - 52 Americans taken as hostages in Teheran=> the 444 days long Iranian hostage crisis 1980 - Ronald Reagans presidency (he cut down taxes, the Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars); 1986 - Iran-contra scandal (secret aid from the America to Nicaragua); a lot of meetings between Reagan and Gorbachev 1988 - George Bushs presidency (the crisis in the Persian Gulf - operation Desert Storm) 1992 - Bill Clintons presidency (the youngest American president since Kennedy) 2000 - George Bush Jrs presidency 2003 - the USA invade Iraq *2* Vocabulary: crater (krejtr) - krter dime - ptka (desetipence) geyser - gejzr Krushchev - Chrua ov nickel - buro sequoia - sekvoj slaveholder - otrokY the Central Powers - stYedn mocnosti the Cold War - studen vlka the Cuban missile crisis - Karibsk krize the Marshall Plan - Marshallov pln the Persian Gulf - Persk zliv ________________________04_new_york_washington________________ *1* Arrangement: 1) New York - the largest city in the USA, an industrial port, lies at the mouth of the Hudson and East Rivers, 780 km2, about 18 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area, racial mix: 43% white, 25% black, 24% Hispanic; 5 boroughs (Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, Staten Island (Richmond)) - 1524 - Giovanni da Verrazano entered New York Bay (the Verrazano Narrows Bridge connecting Brooklyn and Staten Island) - 1609 - Henry Hudson sailed up the river - 1624 - New Amsterdam established, skins and tobacco trade (then flour), Manhattan bought from the Indians for goods worth 24 dlr - 1664 - NY becomes a possesion of the English - the Duke of York - 1789 - NY serves as the capital for 2 years - 1807 - Robert Fulton launched the 1st commercially successful steamboat on the Hudson - 1889 - the Statue of Liberty installed - 1929 - the Wall Street Crash - 1930s - the George Washington Bridge (over the Hudson River), the Chrysler Building, the Empire State Building - 1976-2001 - the World Trade Center - transport: By sea - a great port (1818 - the 2nd biggest after Rotterdam), the Erie Canal - opened 1825, connects the Great Lakes and the Atlantic, airports: JF Kennedy International Airport, Newark International Airport, La Guardia Airport; trains: 2 Manhattan stations: Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station; underwater tunnels; subway - the largest urban transportation system in the world; local buses; yellow taxis = cables - commerce: 1820 - the Stock Exchange started serving, Wall Street = a synonym for the financial world, stock markets: the NY Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange - a lot of self-sufficient communitions: Chinatown, Little Italy, Harlem (African American Neighborhood), the Jewish Neighborhood, the German Neighborhood, the Latin Quarter (the French), Hispanic Harlem (unlike in London, ethnic groups arent dispersed all around the city, but concentrated) - 1st streets - Broadway, Wall Street; then a grid plan for the development of the town was chosen=> 12 avenues (running North to South) and more than 200 streets (running West to East), Broadway is an exception, mid19 c. - the plan criticized=> Frederic Lan Olmsted designed Central Park - the Brooklyn Bridge - joins Brooklyn and Manhattan; the George Washington Bridge - the only over the Hudson River - skyscrapers: the WTC, the Empire State Building, Citibank, Flatiron Building, Woolworth Building - Liberty Island - the Statue of Liberty (designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, 91,5 m high, the lady holds a torch and the Declaration of Independence); Ellis Island = Isle of tears, isle of hopes - a gateway for immiggrants; Wall Street - many banks (Citibank), formerly a defensive wall; the Federal Hall National Memorial (the site of G. Washingtons inauguration); City Hall (the Mayors office); Broadway (= so-called Great Light Lane - because of the lights) - theater ditrict (about 40 theaters - Lambs Theater, the Imperial Theater (musicals), Lyric); Park Row - the center of journalism (quite an expensive street); St.Pauls Chapel (=the oldest church in NY - 1766); Washington Square (intellectuals, avant garde); Union Square - place for demonstrations; Madison Square - the Madison Square Garden (a great complex mostly for sports - the NY Rangers; the Empire Station Building (the largest until 1973, about 381 metres high, it cost 41 mil. dlr instead of estimated 60 mil dlr); the NY Public Library (rarities - a Gutenberg Bible); the Chrysler Building (306 m high, the Art Deco Style, architect Van Alen=> designed one-piece spire (the Vertex); the Grand Central Terminal (the Beaux Arts Style - from France); the United Nations Headquarters (a vast complex, Corbusier contributed); Times Square (a center for performing arts and welcoming the New Year); Rockefeller Center (a complex of 19 buildings, home for General Electric, Radio City Music Hall (Grammy Awards), travel agencies, luxury stores, restaurants, consulates, several theaters...); St. Patricks Cathedral (inspired by the Gothic Style); the NY Botanical Garden, the Bronx Zoo; Carnegie Hall (a great concert hall); Lincoln Center (postponed because of West Side Story) - NY State Theater (NYC Opera and NYC Ballet), Metropolitan Opera House; 5th Avenue=> a part called Museum Mile (the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Guggenheim Museum (Chagall, Picasso, Klee...; a wave of protests); Museum of Modern Art (functional objects (cars...), Picasso, van Gogh, Matisse, Warhol), American Museum of Natural History) - shopping: 5th Avenue (Rockefeller Center and the Grand Central Terminal) - Saks, Lord and Taylor; Broadway; Madison Avenue - parks: Central Park, Battery Park, East River Park - sports: 2 stadiums: Yankee, Shea; Flushing Meadows Park on Long Island - tennis championships - schools: Columbia University (1754), NY University (the largest private one in the USA) - "the Melting Pot"=> because of its cosmopolitan society: More than 80 languages spoken, a lot of religious denominations: Mostly catholicism, the Jewish community=> the largest outside Israel - newspapers: the NY Times, the Washington Post, the NY Post, the NY Daily News, tabloids: the New Yorker, Time, Vogue, People; TV stations: ABC, CBS 2) Washington DC (District of Columbia) - the capital of the USA, situated on the Potomac River, the seat of the federal government - 180 km2, a population of 623,000 (the metropolitan area about 3,750,000), racial mix 70% black/30% white - the location chosen by George Washington, DC established by Act of Kongress in 1790 (the city first used in 1800), designed by Pierre LEnfant (the French architect), helped by Thomas Jefferson, a grid scheme, streets and avenues named by the states of the Union and by symbols (Pennsylvania Avenue, Virginia Avenue, Independence Avenue, Constitution Avenue), 4 quadrants (NW, SW, NE, SE) - 1910 - the Height Buildings Act - no buildings higher than 15 storeis - 1976 - the Metrorail began operation - a white-collar town (only 5% industry manufacturing, people work for the government (about 360,000), about 40% of the citys land is federally owned, about 150 embassies, the seat of organizations - the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization of American States, the press - the Washington Post, the USA Today, National Geographic, International Wildlife, tourism - the 2nd largest industry) - transport: Airports: Washington National Airport, Baltimore-Washington International Airport, Dulles International Airport; railroad station = Union Station; Buses - Metrobus; the Metrorail (Red, Blue, Orange, Green, Yellow coloured links); taxis; the best is to go on foot - the Capitol building (in Capitol Hill, the location chosen by LEnfant in 1791, houses Congress from 1800 consists of: The Senate Building (N; 100 senators in a semi-circle at dark magagony desk - Democrats - right, Republicans - left), The House of Representatives (S; 435 members in a semi-circle - Democrats - right, Republicans - left, the building topped by the bronze Statue of Freedom;then some other buildings added: The Supreme Court (a white marble building), the Library of Congress (about 90 million items - the largest library in existence), Folger Shakespeare Library (the worlds largest collection of Shakepeares works) - the Mall => the Smithsonian Institution (one of the biggest museum complexes in the world, est. 1846, founded through a bequest to the US from an English scientist named James Smithson, about 100 million objects, the National Zoo, the US Botanical Garden, the red sandstone Castle (a symbol), the National Museum of African Art, the National Air and Space Museum, the National Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of American History, the National Portrait Gallery, the National Gallery of Art, the National Archives (the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the Bill of Rights) - the Tidal Basin - Japanese cherry trees (a gift from the Mayor of Tokyo) - Washington Monument - the white marble obelisk, 8 windows, about 555 ft high - Jefferson Memorial - inspired by the Pantheon, a bronze statue of Jefferson holding the Declaration of Independence - Lincoln Memorial - inspired by the Parthenon, a marble statue of a seated Lincoln - Arlington House - the home of Robert E. Lee - NW corner of the Constitution Gardens - the Vietnam Veterans Memorial (black granite wall, the names of those 58,000 killed or missing in the Vietnam War) - Arlington Memorial Bridge=> the Arlington National Cemetery (about 200,000 miitary personnel, W. H. Tafts and J. F. Kennedys graves) - the Pentagon - the largest single structure building in the world, the headquarters of the Department of Defense, 23,000 employees - the White House - exterior walls made of sandstone, 1st president who lived here - John Adams, 1st floor - official rooms, 2nd and 3rd floors - the Presidential family, the Eclipse (the garden in front), the Easter Egg Roll - shopping: Wisconsin Avenue, Connecticut Avenue, Watergate - parks: the West and East Potomac Parks and Constitution Gardens - culture: the JFK Center for the Performing Arts (4 theatres - the Opera House, the Concert Hall...), the National Theater, Fords Theater (Lincoln killed by the actor J. W. Booth in 1865) - Georgetown University, the George Washington University - Mount Vernon (16 miles S of Washington, former house of Washington) ________________5_the_english_speaking_countries_studying_foreign_languages___________ *1* Arrangement: ***********************(1) Ireland***************************** -total area: 70280 sq km -population: 4000000 -capital: Dublin (Baile tha Cliath; about 500000 inh.) -national name= "ire" -an island in the Atlantic Ocean, separated by the Irish Sea from Britain -the longest river: Shannon -mild climate, often rains=>green grass ("Emerald Isle") -resembles a basin -consists of 26 counties, parliament (House of Representatives&Senate), the Prime Minister, the president -official&compulsory language - Irish Gaelic, commonly spoken is English -famous Ires: G.B.Shaw, J. Joyce, O. Wilde, J. Swift, S. Beckett, Yeats; U2, Sinead OConnor -17.3. - St Patricks Day (parades, concerts..) => now celebrated not only in Ireland, but worldwide -history: -originally Celts -5th century - St Patrick brought the Christianity=>then it spreaded throughout Europe -12th c. - invasions of Normans from England=>struggles, emigration to the US -April 1916 - the Easter Rising - nationalistst proclaimed independence=> suppressed by the British -1921 an independent Irish State formed (except the six Northern counties)=> struggles between Catholics (led by Sinn Fin) and pro-British Protestants -1973 - a member of the EU -1998 - the Good Friday Agreement (peace treaty) -flag: Green - Irish Catholics, Orange - Irish Protestants (William of Orange), white - peace between them _________________________________________________________________________________________ the British Commonwealth of nations: - nowadays an association of 54 countries with their dependencies - the former British Empire - great trade power - types of countries: *INDEPENDENT: the USA *DOMINIONS: Canada, New Zealand, Australia *COLONIES: Gibraltar, The Bermuda Colony *DEPENDENCIES: Islands (Saint Helena) - the history: *17th c. - first colonies *18th c. - Canada, Australia, Gibraltar, S Africa, but lost America *19th c. - New Zealand, India (so many local languages that the unification under English is necessary), Africa *1867 - Canada got a status of Dominion *beg. 20th c. - Australia, New Zealand got a status of Dominions *1920s - liberation movement (Egypt, Iraq), after WWII. - India, Pakistan *1960s - a lot of African countries independent English language - the English language - a West Germanic language, originated in Britain, first Germanic invaders founded Old English, then it assimilated a lot of French words => Middle English, the 19th c. - Modern English formed - English - influenced mostly by the Romans and by the French (words such as "bouquet", "beaurocratic") - mother language in the UK, Ireland, Republic of Malta, on American islands, Australia - official language: India, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, 18 countries in Africa, 13 countries in Oceania - mostly used language in science, massmedia, computer language, sport, international conferences, professional literature - the official language of many world organizations (FAO, IMF, UNESCO, WHO, OPEC, NATO, OECD) - apeks "robot" - commonly spoken in English British vs American English *Vocabulary: Br - US caravan - trailer caretaker - janitor crops - grains dustbin - garbage can holiday - vacation in the centre of the town - downtown lift - elevator lorry - truck motorway - highway pavement - sidewalk petrol - gasoline petrol station - gas station policeman - cop rubber - eraser school report - report card single ticket - one-way ticket to queue - to stand in line toilet roll - toilet paper torch - flashlight washbasin - washbowl *Pronuncation: Br - US body. body - bady water: votr - vodr dance: da:ns - dens *Spelling: Br - US colour - color harbour - harbor recognise - recognize centre - center *Tenses: The American dont like using present perfect. *Usage of prepositions: Br -US at the weekend - on the weekend please write to me soon - please write me soon *2* Vocabulary: fluent/ly - plynul/e interpreter - tlumo nk translator  pYekladatel ____6_education_in_great_britain_the_USA_and_the_czech_republic_______ *1* Arrangement: A) Great Britain - the National Curriculum: three "core" subjects (English, maths, science), collective worship, religious and sex subjects (not compulsory) - compulsory education from 5 to 16 - state (majority, maintained by Local Education Authorities - LEAs) and independent or private schools - school year from early SEP to mid July (3 terms - autumn, spring, summer) - pre-school education - nursery schools, play groups - independent system => for children 5 - 13, the same schedule as for state schools; state system - for children 5 - 11 - from 5 - 7 - infant schools, 7 -11 - junior schools - from 11 to 16 => secondary schools, most common=> Comprehensive schools; Grammar schools (focus on languages) they end with GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education) => children can take up to twelve of those exams, results of schools displayed in league tables; some of private secondary schools are single-sex; Secondary Modern Schools (about 6%, more general, they prepare for home economics) - post-16 education: They can go to work, continue in the six-form colleges (continue after GCSEs) or tertiary colleges (vocational - the General National Vocational Qualifications), study A levels (= GCE, free choice of 5 subjects, a bigger specialization, end at the age of 18) or International Baccalaureate (more subjects); Advanced Supplementary - post-18 education (above GCE A level standard; exams - mostly interviews) => Further education => career based courses: motor mechanics, computing => Higher education - universities, colleges - well-known public independent schools: Eton College (tailcoat), Winchester College, Rugby, Harrow (London), Westminster (London), St. Pauls (London) - they bring up future Prime Ministers... - GB - 89 universities (including the Open University - 1969, for adults) + 70 other HE institutions - universities: 1) Oxbridge: Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews, Aberdeen 2) From the 19th c. (redbrick): London, Manchester, Wales 3) From the 20th c. (new): Bristol, Birmingham, Liverpool, Reading, Nottingham, Exeter, Sussex, Kent B) The USA - compulsory: 6 - 16 - the system isnt very united at all (only some federal laws), all schools controlled by a local school board - the majority - public schools (this means free, unlike in England), mixed schools (only some private and church are single-sex) - school uniforms only at some private schools - they receive grades from A (excellent) to F (failure) - pre-school: Kindergarten, nursery school - the age of 6 - 12 - grade school (each year from the 2nd grade - children take exams on writing, reading, maths) - after sixth grade=> middle school or junior high => till the ninth grade - the age of 15 - 19 - high school (they receive a high school diploma, they graduate), they continue: 1) At a university (they have to pass the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT, the national exam; reading skills, comprehension, basic maths) 2) At a community college (usually 2 years,vocatonal adn semi-profesional education; ends with Associate of Arts degree) 3) At Vo-techs - Vocational-technical schools (a specific job) - best-known universities (usually private): Harvard (1636, Cambridge), College of William and Harry, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, College of Columbia (all from 17/18th century), an outstanding reputation - the Massachusets Institute of Technology (1861) C) The Czech republic: - compulsory attendance from 6 to 15 - nine-year state primary schools (or private schools, church religious schools, special schools) - school year from 1st SEP to 30th JUN - secondary schools (secondary grammar schools - 4, 6, 8 years, preparation for university or college education; secondary technical schools - chemistry, glassmaking, agriculture; art schools; business colleges; nursing schools; secondary vocational schools - apprentices) - university education - from 3 to 6 years, e.g. School of Economics, Faculty of Law, School of Architecture, Faculty of Journalism, Faculty of Medicine, Technical Training College, Teachers Training College, Faculty of Science, College of Agriculture; students have to defend a thesis; after 3 years - a Bachelors degree, after 4 or 5 years - a Masters degree, another 5 years - a Doctoral degree; well-known universities: Charles University in Prague, Masaryk University in Brno, Palack University in Olomouc, Purkyn University in st nad Labem *2* Vocabulary: admittance policy - pYijmac Yzen after-school activity - mimoakoln aktivita agricultural school - zemdlka aid - pomocka apprentice - u eH apprenticeship certificate - vu n list assembly hall - atrium assistant - asistent at a university - na univerzit at school - ve akole attention span - doba pozornosti Baccalaureate - bakalYsk zkouaka blackboard - tabule board of examiners - zkuaebn komise boarding school - interntn akola brain food - jdlo na myalen business academy - obchodn akademie campus - plac pro studenty candidate - kandidt career - karira chairman - pYedseda civics - ob ansk nauka classmate - spolu~k cloakroom - aatna coedutional - studium pro ob pohlav colleague - kolega compulsory/obligatory education - povinn akoln dochzka conservatoire - konzervatoY correspondence classes - dlkov studium crche (kreia) - jesle curriculum vitae - ~ivotopis dean - dkan degree - titul department - katedra diploma - diplom diploma thesis - diplomov prce dissertation - doktorsk prce doctorate - doktort education - vzdln eg. chemistry teacher - u itel napY. chemie entrance examination - pYijma ky evening classes - ve ern akola exam on sth - zkouaka z eho faculty - fakulta farewell party - rozlu kov prty fee for tuition - akoln graduation ball - maturiek graduation ceremony - slavnostn ukon en studia V` groundkeeper/caretaker - akolnk gymnasium - tlocvi n hala hall of residence/dorm - vysokoakolsk kolej in school - ve akolnch letech instructor - instruktor in the field of science - na poli vdy lecturer - lektor lenght of studies - dlka studi mark - znmka needlework - ait nursery school/kindergarten - akolka on-the-job training - zaakolen pYi prci optional - voliteln oral exam - stn zkouaka parent-teacher meeting - tYdn schozky Physical Training - tlocvik primary/elementary education - zkladn vzdln principal - Yeditel promotion - povaen qualifications - kvalifikace rector(CZ)/ president (US)/Vice Chancellor (UK) - rektor reunion - setkn po letech secondary grammar school - gym secondary vocational school - u nk sex education - sexuln vchova schedule (aejol) - studijn program scholarship - stipendium Scholastic Aptitude Test - test obecnch studijnch pYedpoklado school canteen - akoln ~rdelna school of applied art - akola aplikovanho umn school report, certificate / report card (US) - vysvd en School-Leaving Certificate - maturin vysvd en school-leaving exam/graduation exam/maturita - maturita slide/overhead projector - meotar/digitln projektor snack - sv a specialisation - zamYen sponge - houba staff - personl, zamstnanci staffroom (stfrom) - sborovna state examination - sttn zkouaka na V` student cafeteria - mensa subject - pYedmt substitute for a colleague - supl teach room - kabinet teachers training college - pek technical training college - vysok technick tertiary education - vysokoakolsk vzdln textbook - u ebnice timetable - rozvrh to attend sth - navatvovat akolu to be apprenticed to be - bt vyu en m to be detained - bt po akole to be evaluated by sth - bt hodnocen m to be free of charge - bt zdarma, bez poplatku to check sth - kontrolovat/opravovat co to copy from sbd - opisovat od koho to defend the dissertation - obhjit doktorskou prci to dissect sth - pitvat co to do well at school - bt dobr ve akole to enroll at a univ - zapsat se na univ to excel in - excelovat v em to gratuate from - vystudovat co to cheat - podvdt to keep sbd in detention - nechat nkoho po akole to pay attention - dvat pozor to practice - cvi it v praxi to promote sbd - povait koho to requalify - pYeakolit to sample - vyzkouaet to scold sbd for - zprdnout koho za co to shirk school - ulejvat se ze akoly to stimulate - povzbuzovat to take exams - skldat zkouaky uniform - uniforma workshop - pracovky year/form/grade (US)  ro nk ___________________7_systems_of_government_great_britain_the_USA_______________________ *1* Arrangement: (A) Great Britain - is a monarchy - the monarch (Queen Elizabeth (*21st APR 1926; 1947 - Married Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh; the Queen since 1952, crowned 1953)) - reigns, but doesnt rule, the country is in her name governed by the Government, the head of the Commonwealth (thus officially called "Elizabeth II., by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith"); in the Channel Islands and on the Isle of Man there are Liutenant-Governors as her representatives; in other countries of the Commonwealth the Queen is represented by Governor-Generals; she may exercise the power of veto (but she has never used it), she is the head of the Church of England, she opens and closes parliamentary sessions; she advises the Prime Minister (and meets him every week); Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir to the throne (next successors are: Prince William of Wales; Prince Harry of Wales; Andrew, Duke of York; Princess Beatrice of York; Princess Eugenie of York; Prince Edward - the Parliament at Westminster: (1) The Sovereign (formally summons and dissolves the Parliament, an anual speech from the throne); (2) the House of Lords (= "the upper house") - red seats, about 666 - from 2004 - members; unelected, made up of hereditary and life peers (e.g. Paul McCartney) and peeresses (law lords - the judicial duties; Lords Spiritual (the Archbishops of Canterbury and York and 24 bishops of the Church of England) => law-making process; the head = the Lord Chancellor (also the head of the Judicial) (3) the House of Commons (= "the lower house") - a circle, an oval table; the Government party => on the right (of the Speaker), the Opposition - on the left; green seats; two parts: Government and Opposition MPs; elected by universal adult suffrage; consits of 650 Members of Parliament (MPs; 523 for England, 38 for Wales, 72 for Scotland, 17 for Northern Ireland); the chief = the Speaker (MPs need to catch the Speakers eye to be let them speak); law-making process; - the Government => the Cabinet compound of the most important ministers (= secretaries) - e.g. the Chancellor of the Exchecker (finance) - a general election - every 5 years (from 18 years, candidates from 21 years) - best-known parties: the Conservative, Labour, Liberal and Social Democratic parties=> the leading members of future government are chosen by the Prime Minister; the second party forms the Opposition - the British constitution is not written as a single document, formed by statute, common law, convention; it can be altered by an Act of Parliament - "devolution" - Scotland its own parliament in Edinburgh; National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff; NA for N Ireland still under discussion (B) the USA - the US Constitution serves from 1788 - representational federal republic, 3 branches of power (the Legislative - both Houses of Congress; the Executive - the President and the Executive office); the Judicial (the Supreme Court and all other Federal courts) - Congress - drafting and passing laws, handling matters of national finance, the defense of the nation (together with the President), regulating commerce, admitting new states) in Washington; the Senate - 100 Senators (2 for each state); 6-year terms (every 2 years one third is renewed), voted by popular vote; the official presiding officer = the Vice President; special duties of the Senate: Approving presidential appointments, trying a President who has been impeached by the House, ratifying treaties - the House (of Representatives) - 435 Representatives (Congressmen and Congresswomen) per state based on a population; 2-year terms; duties: Originating all bills relating to taxes, impeachment; Republicans x Democrats - a bill - must be made, discussed by a standing comittee, must pass both in the Senate and in the House of Representatives, the President may exercise the power of veto=> the bill sent back to Congress => Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers - the President - together with the Vice President - the only elected officials of the Executive branch; maximally two 4-year terms in office; at least 35 years old; must be born in the USA; must have lived in the USA for at least 14 years; the Commander-in-chief of the Army, appoints all ambassadors, ministers, consuls; the Presidents personal staff (must be approved by the Senate) - the Oxecutive Office (14 cabinet departments - Dep. of State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development; Energy, Veteran Affairs; the head of certain department (called the secretary) advises the President on setting national policy), a number of independent agencies (the Central Intelligence Agency = CIA; the National Security Agency = NSA; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration = NASA) - Electoral College (representatives of each state); each state its own governor (sometimes even constitution), the Federal Government decides mostly on financial and foreign affairs; - the Judiciary, a three-level hierarchy: Federal district courts (94), US courts of appeal (13) and the US Supreme Court (made up of 8 associate justices and a Chief Justice (solves laws that go against the Constitution)); judges appointed for life by the President and confirmed by the Senate; a capital punishment still serves in some states of the USA *2* Vocabulary: amendment - novela zkona ballot - volebn lstek ballot box - volebn urna bill - nvrh zkona capital punishment - trest smrti coalition - koalice defense - obhjce election pledge (pled~) - pYedvolebn slib extremist - extrmista franchise (fren ajs) - volebn prvo jury - porota justice - spravedlnost law-making body - orgn pro nvrhy zkono left/right wing - levice/pravice mayor - starosta ministry - ministerstvo moderate - stYed monarch/y (monrk/y) - monarcha/monarchie municipal elections - obecn volby oath - pYsaha political party - politick strana solicitor/barrister - sttn zstupce v UK the Cabinet - kabinet the Constitutional Court - stavn soud the Chamber of Deputies - poslaneck snmovna the electorate - voli stvo the Senate (senit) - sent suffrage (safrid~) - volebn prvo the Supreme Court - nejvyaa soud the universal, equal, direct and secret right to vote - bla bla prvo volit to abstain from sth - zdr~et se eho to declare an amnesty - vyhlsit amnestii to grant a pardon - udlit generln pardon to override sth - pYehlasovat co to ratify - ratifikovat town council - mstsk zastupitelstvo trial - soudn proces, slyaen veto - veto ___________________8_canada_feastdays_______________________ *1* Arrangement: 1) Canada -the second largest country in the world -the worlds longest coastline (243000 km) -total area: 9984670 sq km -population: 30,300,400 million (majority Europeans, 300000 North American Indians, 19000 Inuit); density: 3 people per sq km -three quarters of canadians live in large cities -lang: 70% English, 20% French, 10% billingual (more than 100 lang. spoken in all) -capital: Ottawa (775000 inh.), other towns: Montral (French speaking), Calgary, Toronto, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Vancouver, Quebec (French speaking) -currency: Canadian dlr -it has 10 provinces (Newfoundland&Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunsvick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchevan, Alberta, British Columbia) and three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories; the newest - Nunavut - April 1999) -geography: 1) Great lakes: Shared with the US: Huron, Ontario, Erie, Superior; then Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Lake Winnipeg; 2) Rivers: the St. Lawrence river (3669 m, the longest inner water system), the Winnipeg, the Saskatchevan, the Columbia, the Frazer, the Yukon, the Mackenzie (the longest); 3) Regions: A) the Pacific Coast - moderate climate; B) the Cordillera - Mount Logan (the highest - 6050m), the Rocky Mountains, the coast mountains, deserts, valleys; C) The Prairies - grain, potash, oil, petroleum; D) the Canadian Shield - Hudson Bay, ancient mountains, mineral resources (gold, silver, zinc, uranium); E) the Great Lakes - industry, fruit; F) the Atlantic Provinces - fishing, agriculture; G) the Arctic - hard conditions -70% of Canada is wilderness - -writers: Saul Bellow (born), Ernest Thompson Seton, Stephen Butler Leacock (Literary Lapses) -a member of the British Commonwealth -constitutional monarchy, Senate (104 members according to provinces)+the House of Commons (295 members for 5 years), the Cabinet&the Prime Minister (considered advisors of the monarch) -head - Queen Elizabeth II., her representative in Canada - Governor General (signs laws) -party system -education - big state support compulsory from 6/7 to 15/16 years, elected school boards/commissions; there are public/separate/private schools; -economy: Member of the G7 countries; raw materials etc. (uranium, zinc, sulphur, nickel, aluminium, paper for newspapers, seal furs, timber, wheat, fish), developed agriculture, it is the 8th trading nation, about two thirds of work force work in services, quite low inflation, a member of NAFTA -1st of July=Canada day, commemorates semi-independence gained in 1867 (celebrated by fireworks, parades, barbecues) -thanksgiving (also USA)=>roast turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce -history: about 1000 - Icelandic Norsement settled on Newfoundland 1497 - John Cabot (Italian) discovered Newfoundland 1763 - the Treaty of Paris - the British have all the French territory east of Mississippi 1774 - the Quebec Act - the US respect French rights 1776 - Loyalists (loyal to the British Crown) came to Canada since 1867 - not a British colony, but Dominion of Canada by the British North America Act (provinces: Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) important role in I.WW 1931 - the Statute of Westminster (Canadas constitutional autonomy from Britain) 1980-1992 - unsuccessful referendums about Quebecs autonomy the first Prime Minister Sir John Alexander McDonald -flag: From 1964, official Canadian colours, Maple (mejpl) leaf emblem, symbol of maple sap (a source of energy for aboriginal people), Canadian symbol for soldiers during the WWI. and WWII. 2) Feastdays *1* Arrangement: - about some important Czech, US and British feastdays * 1st JAN - New Years Day *3rd MON in JAN - Martin Luther Kings Day (1929-1968, civil-right campaigner, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964) /USA * 14th FEB - St. Valentines Day (lovers day, anonymous valentines card, typical symbols: Heart shape, pink, red colour, originally commemorates a Roman priest who helped Christians) *3rd MON in FEB - The Presidents Day (all US presidents are honoured) /USA *1st MAR - St. Davids Day (the patron saint of Wales) /UK *17th MAR - St. Patricks Day (the patron saint of Ireland) /UK *1st APR - All Fools Day (jokes, tricks on people) *APR - Easter (Good Friday - Jesus crucifixion, Easter Sunday - the Resurrection of Jesus, come from a festival celebrating the spring enoix, symbols: Easter dyed eggs given as a present; in the CR - thrashing with an Easterstick; in the USA - egg hunt - Easter Egg Roll in the front of the White House) *23rd APR - St. Georges Day (the patron saint of England) /UK *1st MAY - May Day (political public meetings) /UK *2nd SUN in MAY - Mothers Day *4th MON in MAY - Memorial Day (dead in wars) /USA *Spring Bank Holiday (Banks and shops are closed, families visit fairs) /UK *SAT after 9th JUN - The Queens Official Birthday (Guards Parade) /UK *3rd SUN in JUN - Fathers Day *Summer Bank Holiday /UK *4th JUL - Independence Day (parades, concerts) /USA *12th OCT - Columbus Day (the discovery of America) *31st OCT - Halloween (Celtic roots, commemorates ghosts and the dead; in the USA, in Britain only in the North and in Scotland, in Canada; parties, fancy costumes, children go along streets, saying "Trick or treat" (if they dont receive sweets , they make a trick - for example soap the windows...; symbols: Pumpkins, ghost costumes...) *5th NOV - Guy Fawkes Day (the Gunpowder plot - 1605 - Guy Fawkes with other catholics wanted to blow up James I. and the parliament) /UK *11th NOV - Remembrance Day (WWII. dead) /UK *11th NOV - Veterans Day (war veterans) /USA *4th THU in NOV - Thanksgiving day (com. the Pilgrim fathers) /USA *30th NOV - St. Andrews Day (the patron saint of Scotland) /UK *24th - 26th DEC - Christmas *31st DEC - New Years Eve (Londoners - gather at Trafalgar Square, sing Auld Lang Syne (euldlengsajn), celebrate with fireworks...) - Christmas in A) the Czech republic - baby Jesus brings the presents - a star is put on a top of the tree B) the United Kingdom - Father Christmas brings the presents - 24th = Christmas Eve (children prepare some biscuits and a glass of milk for Santa/Father Xmas, they hang stockings on their beds and await presents) - 25th = Christmas Day (children unwrap presents, the Christmas dinner is served (usually roast turkey with chessnut stuffing with potatoes, pudding, families visit each other...) - 26th = Boxing Day (servants such as postmen, newspaper boys, milkmen... receive boxes with presents, nowadays money); public pantomime performances (fairy tales) - traditional food: Christmas pudding (a mixture of every considerable kind of sweet food - nuts, chocolate, candys...boiled, prepared several weeks ago and kept in a fridge, there can be a coin, a thimble and a ring in it as a symbol of wealth, work adn wedding); mince-pies - an angel is put on a top of the tree - they dont put any fruit, sweets or sparklers on a tree C) the USA - Santa Claus brings the presents - they put chains of popcorn on their trees (a symbol of Pilgrim poverty) - an angel is put on a top of the tree - a lot of people, families gather together - they decorated whole houses *2* Vocabulary: April fool! - Aprl! artificial tree - uml stromek bake sweets - cukrov bonfire - svte n oheH candle - sv ka carp - kapr carol - koleda chain - Yetz chestnut stuffing - kaatanov ndivka chimney ( imny) - komn Christmas - Vnoce conifer - jehli nan cranberry sauce - brusinkov om ka crucifixion - ukYi~ovn dried fruit - suaen ovoce Easter - velikonoce Easter bunny - velikono n krlk Easterstick - pomlzka fir tree - borovice garland (glend) - girlanda glassballs - sklenn koule gold pig - zlat prase ivy - bYe ean jackolantern - Halloweensk vyjeban tykev lights - svtlka mass - mae mince-pies - kol ky s mletm masem mistletoe - jmel nameday - jmeniny, svtek patron saint of - svat patron eho pudding (padink) - pudink pumpkin - tykev reindeer - sob Ressurection - zmrtvchvstn ribbon - maale slay/sledge - san sparkler - prskavka spruce tree - smrk star - hvzda stocking - pun ocha straw decorations - slamn ozdoby suet (su:it) - luj to celebrate/celebration - oslavovat, oslava to commemorate - pYipomnat (koho dole~itho) to feast - slavit, hodovat to make a toast - pYipt si to ring a bell - zazvonit zvone kem to thrash with a cane - seYezat proutkem to wish sbd Happy Birthday - pYt komu aeastn narozeniny turkey - krocan white sugar icing - posyp mou kovm cukrem wipping days - pomlzka (u ns) ______________________9_australia_new_zealand_________________________ *1* Arrangement -total area: 7686850 sq km -population: 20000000 -racial mix: About 98% white, 228000 Aborigines -capital: Canberra -the smallest continent -the sixth largest country in the world -flat with some exceptions (Ayers Rock - best known) -geography: Three main parts: the Great Western Plateau & the Central-Eastern Lowland & the Australian Cordilleras (East to Tasmania, the Great Dividing Range); 1) the highest mountain - Mount Kosciusco (kasiusso); 2) Deserts: the Gibson d., the Great Sandy d, the Great Victoria d.; 3) Lakes - Lake Eyre; Lake Gairdner, Lake Torrens; 4) Nearby islands - King Island, Flinders Island, Mellville Island, Kangaroo Island, Groote Eylandt; 5) Mountains South) - the New England Range, the Blue Mountains, the Australian Alps (Mt Kosciusco); 6) Rivers (South) - the Murray and the Darling rivers; 7) Surroundings - Torres Strait (85 km, divide between New Guinea), the Gulf of Carpentaria (North), the Great Australian Bight (South), the Great Barrier Reef (the biggest coral reef on the Earth); 8) Nature - kangaroos, koalas, eucalyptus trees, dingos, platypuses, Tasmanian devils); 9) A summer breeze known as "doctor" -the driest continent, the lowest rainfall rates -originally a penal colony -the authority of the British monarch, federal government, governor general (Sir William Hayden), Senate (78), HoRepresentatives (148), Prime Minister, Cabinet, compulsory voting, each state its own: Constitution, governor, ex, leg, jud, legislative assembly; parties: the Liberal P, the National P, the Australian Labor P, the Australian Democrats -education: Not unified system; Correspondence school&School of the Air (radio, TV), school year - JAN/FEB - DEC; The University of Sydney, the Australian National University -70% of the population in large cities (Sydney (the Opera House), Melbourne) -other big cities: Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Newcastle, Gold Coast -about 200 languages spoken (main English) -6 states and 2 territories (parts)=> New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Northern Territory, Australia Capital Territory -currency: Australian dlr -26.1. - Australian Day (comem. 1788) -end of April - Anzac Day (reminds Australias and New Zealands soldiers, who died in the WW I and II.) -Sec Mon in June=> Queens Birthday (except W Australia, that celebrates it in late September) -literature: Thomas Keneally (1982 NP; Schindlers Ark); Andrew Anton (Banjo) Peterson - typical idioms and rhytms; Patrick White (stories of first settlers: The Aunts Story, NP, The Eye of Storm) -economy: Highly developed, agriculture: Sheep, wool, wheat; mineral deposits: Bauxite (1st in the world), uranium, coal, copper, nicle, gold, iron ore; great export, nuclear energy is prohibited; problems with UV rays=> sheep go blind -history: -original inhabitants: Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders (came about 40000 years ago) -13the c. - Marco Polo believes in the existence of Terra Australis Incognita -1606 - A. discovered by Europeans (Jansz, Luis Vaez de Torres, Abel Tasman) -1770 - A. mapped by James Cook=> South Wales a British colony -1788 - 11 ships brought about 1500 mostly prisoners into Sydney Harbor -1850 and 1890 - gold rushes (overlanders - cattle chases) -1868 - an end of the transports -1901 - the Commonwealth of Australia founded, 6 colonies born -flag: Royal blue, TL - Union Jack; BL - seven-pointed star (symbol of six parts and the whole territory), the rest (the right side): a picture of the Southern Cross constellation (visible only from the S hemisphere)=>1 small five-pointed and 6 seven-pointed stars ***********************New Zealand***************************** -total area: 268680 sq km -population: 4000000 -capital: Wellington -beautiful scenery (fjords, volcanoes, caves, glacial lakes, sandy beaches...) -consists of 2 islands: A) the Northern Island - the majority of inhabitants, mild climate, economic potentials, Wellington, Auckland (the biggest city), the Taupo (the largest lake) B) the SI: Southern Alps (300 miles long; highest point: Mount Cook - 3754 m), many glaciers -constitutional monarchy, single-chamber House of Representatives (3-year terms), the Prime Minister, governor general, two major parties: National&Labour -economy: Agricult: Sheep, cattle=>meat, wool, butter, cheese; good mineral resources -74% of people of European descent, 13,5% the Maoris -famous people: Ernest Rutherford, Richard Pearse (1903 - 140 m with his monoplane) -bird species: albatross, kea, kiwi, tui, weka, kakapo -6.2. - Waitangi Day -Anzac day -history: -800 - first settlers (from Eastern Polynesia)=> ancestors of the Maoris -1642 - discovered by Dutch Abel Tasman (mapped by James Cook) -Southern Island - merged by the British -1840 - Treaty of Waitangi (signed by the Maoris, NI becomes a British colony) =>wars between the Maoris and the British=> 1870 - Maoris crushed 1947 - New Zealand formally independent (but still a member of the Commonwealth) flag: Royal blue, TL: Small Union Jack, 4 five-pointed stars (the Southern Cross constellation - visible only from the S hemisphere) ________________________10_english_literature_my favourite_authors__________ *1* Arrangement: 1) Old English literature (7 - 11th c.) - all written in Anglo-Saxon language, connections to Denmark * The Song of Beowulf (about 700; about 3000 lines; brave life of a pagan hero; King Hrothgar, Grendel, Beowulf, Grendels mother, a dragon) Caedmon = a poet, the oldest known author King Alfred the Great (849 - 901) - chronicles 2) Middle English (11 - 15th c.) John Wycliff Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400) : * Canterbury Tales (collection of poems, 23 tales, about 17000; one or two tales in prose; frame story; trip from Southwark (London) to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury; an inkeeper sugests narrating stories) 3) the Renaissance (16th c.) > PROSE Sir Thomas More: * Utopia (1516) > POETRY Philip Sidney: * Arcadia (the first pastoral novel) Edmund Spenser (long, complicated sentences) Sir Thomas Wyatt William Shakespeare: Sonnets > DRAMA William Shakespeare Christopher Marlowe (one of the founders of blank verse; parts of Henry VI.) * The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus * The Jew of Malta Ben Johnson Thomas Kyd 4) the Baroque John Donne (metaphysical poetry) John Milton: * Paradise Lost * Paradise Regained 5) the Rise of the Novel (17th c.) John Gay: * The Beggars Opera (play) Daniel Defoe: * Robinson Crusoe (1719; inspiration in Alexander Selkirks story; not a novel - the hero doesnt develop; symbolizes a rise of burgeosy (bur~oaz)) Jonathan Swift: * Gullivers Travels (1726; Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Lagado, Houyhnhnms, Yahoos) Henry Fielding: * The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749; the 1st English novel) * Joseph Andrews 6) the Romantic period (1760 - 1837) > POETRY Robert Burns: * Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect (A Red, Red Rose, Auld Lang Syne) William Blake * The Marriage of Heaven and Hell * Songs of Innocence - Lake poets (lived in the Lake District): William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge George Gordon Byron: * Childe Harolds Pilgrimage * Don Juan (the longest English satirical poem) Percy Byshe Shelley: * Prometheus Unbound John Keats: Best known for his odes > PROSE Ann Radcliffe: Gothic Novels (the first horror stories) Jane Austen: * Pride and Prejudice Sir Walter Scott: * Waverly * Ivanhoe * Rob Roy Mary Shelley: * Frankenstein 7) Victorian Period (1837 - 1901) Charles Dickens (his father sent to a prison for debts; reflection of his life in his books - poor orphans...) * Oliver Twist * David Copperfield * Little Dorrit * The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club Emily Bront * Wuthering Heights (vodring hajts; Heathcliff (htklif); relationships compared to weather changes) Charlotte Bront: * Jane Eyre (she is well-educated, becomes a governess, meets a blind man; importance: The first heroine, and a figure od a well-educated woman) William Makepeace Thackeray: * Vanity Fair * The Book of Snobs Thomas Hardy (naturalism (nej uralizm), no happy ends, pesimistic, dark countryside and relationships): * Jude the Obscure * Tess of DUrbervilles Robert Louis Stevenson: * Treasure Island * The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (good and evil) Conan Doyle (characters of Sherlock Holmes and Edgar Wallace): * the Hound of Baskerville) > POETRY Elizabeth Barret Browning Robert Browning > DRAMA Oscar Wilde (1856 - 1900) * The Picture of Dorian Gray (novel) * The Happy Prince (fairy tale) * the Importance of Being Earnest * An Ideal Husband * Lady Windermeres Fan 8) British literature (20th century) Thomas Stearns Eliot * The Waste Land Rudyard Kipling: * The Jungle Book (Mowgli) John Galsworthy: * Forsyte Saga Joseph Conrad: * Lord Jim (plays with language) Herbert George Wells (sci-fi): * The Time Machine * The Invisible Man Aldous Huxley: * Point Counter Point * Brave New World (future of mankind) Robert Graves George Bernard Shaw: * Saint Joan * Mrs. Warrens Profession * Pygmalion (Elise, cockney) David Hebert Lawrence (working classs author; sex themes): * Lady Chatterleys Lover (lady + gardener) Graham Greene (catholic, detective stories): * Our Man in Havana (entertainment) * the Power and the Glory (novel) George Orwell: * 1984 * Animal Farm > STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS Virginia Woolf: * To the Lighthouse * Orlando * Flush James Joyce: * Ulysses > ANGRY YOUNG MEN (criticism, campus novel) John Wain: * Hurry on Down * Winter in the Hills (1970) * Pardoners tale (1978) Iris Murdoch Doris Lessing John Braine: * Room at the Top Kingsley Amis: * Lucky Jim * Jakes Thing (1978) > ABSURD DRAMA John Osborne: * Look Back in Anger Samuel Beckett: * Waiting for Godot 9) Contemporary British novel C. P. Snow * Strangers and Brothers William Golding: * The Pyramid * Lord of the Flies (1954) John Fowles: * The French Liutenants Woman (a love affair) > CAMPUS NOVEL David Lodge: * the British Museum is Falling Down * Changing Places Malcolm Bradbury: * Eating People is Wrong Martin Amis Salman Rushdie: * The Satanic Verses > WOMEN Muriel Spark Margaret Drabble Beryl Bainbridge Nobel Prizes: R. Kipling (1907), W. B. Yeats (1923), G. B. Shaw (1925), J. Galsworthy (1932), T. S. Elliot (1948), B. Russell (1950), W. L. Churchill (1953), S. Beckett (1969), E. Canetti (1981), W. Golding (1983) *2* Vocabulary: shrine - hrob svtce inkeeper - hostinsk novel - romn, kdy hrdina/ka prochz vvojem ________________________11_american_literature_my favourite_authors__________ *1* Arrangement: 1) Puritan literature - mostly documents Thomas Jefferson: * Declaration of Independence Benjamin Franklin Thomas Paine: * Common Sense 2) 19th century > PROSE Harriet Beecher-Stove (she): * Uncle Toms Cabin (slavery) James Fenimore Cooper (the Leather-Stocking Tales): * the Last of the Mohicans * The Prairie * The Pioneers > TRANSCENDETALISTS Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau: * Walden; or Life in the Woods Nathaniel Hawthorne (social criticism) > SYMBOLISM Herman Melville: * Moby Dick (= The Whale; captain Ahab (ejhab)) > HUMOR - the Gilded Age: Mark Twain (= Samuel Langhorne Clemens; life on the river; "only innocent, unspoiled children are to be appreciated): * Huckleberry Finn * Tom Sawyer * The Prince and the Pauper (tale) * A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (humorous book) > PSYCHOLOGICAL NOVEL Henry James Daisy Miller > POETRY Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 49; journalist; inventor of detective stories (with Mr. Duppin) and his tales of terror) * The Raven (Nevermore) * The Pit and the Pendulum * the Gold Bug * The Murders in the Rue Morgue Walt Whitman (patriotism) * Leaves of Grass (rhe Preface to it=> message to American literature) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Indians and religion): * The Song of Hiawatha Emily Dickinson 2) 20th century > REALISM + NATURALISM - muckrakers (deep social criticism): Frank Norris, Stephen Crane Jack London (the struggle for survival): * the Call of the Wild * the White Fang * Martin Eden (autobiographical) Upton Sinclair: * The Jungle (slaughter houses) Theodore Dreiser: * An American Tragedy * Sister Carrie > NOVEL AFTER WWI - lost generation (war affected them => they needed adrenaline - visited bullfights, drank a lot, hunted in Africa) Gertrude Stein Ernest Hemingway (commited suicide; short style - short descriptions, little adjectives; thoery of the ice-berg (author knows a lot about the setting, but the knowledge is behinded): * The Sun Also Rises (= Fiesta; description of the feeling of lost generation; story of friends going to visit bullfights) * A Farewell to Arms * For Whom the Bell Tolls (Robert Jordan, a teacher, the Spanish Civil War) * The Old Man and the Sea (" a man can be destroyed, but not defeated") Francis Scott Fitzgerald: * The Side of Paradise * Tales of the Jazz Age * Tender is the Night * the Great Gatsby (about american dream=> poor boy on sec. school - falls in love with a rich girl=> then returns as a rich man, but is killed) John Doss Passoss William Faulkner (problems of the South): * The Wild Palms * Absolom, Absolom! Sinclair Lewis (social satire - provincial towns, 1st American Nobel Prize): * Arrowsmith John Steinbeck (California): * Of Mice And Men (Lenny, George; soft fluffy things) * East of Eden * Grapes of Wrath (horrible situation of workers) * Travels with Charley in Search of America > NOVEL AFTER WWII - unlike Russians - the American wrote about psychology of soldiers Norman Mailer: * The Naked and the Dead (soldiers) Joseph Heller: * Catch 22 (satire) Jerome D. Salinger: * The Catcher in the Rye (the Bible of teenagers) Saul Bellow John Updike: * Rabbit Run Irwin Shaw Alex Haley * Roots (Kunta Kinte) William Styron: * Lie Down in Darkness * Sophies Choice (Stingo, Sophie, Nathan) Truman Capote * In Cold Blood John Irving: * The World According to Garp > BEAT GENERATION Jack Kerouac: * On the Road (stream of consciousness) William S. Burroughs: * Junkie Allen Ginsberg: * Howl and Other Poems Lawrence Ferlinghetti > POETRY Robert Frost William Carlos Williams Robinson Jeffers > DRAMA Eugene ONeill: * Mourning Becomes Electra * Desire Under the Elms William Saroyan: * Papa, Youre Crazy Tenessee Williams * Cat on a Hot Tin Roof * A Streetcar Named Desire Arthur Miller: * Death of a Salesman Edward Albee (absurd drama): * Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf * The American Dream > SCI-FI Ray Bradbury * Fahrenheit 451 J. R. R. Tolkien: * Hobbit Nobel Prizes: S. Lewis (1930), E. ONeill (1936), Pearl S. Buck (1938), W. Faulkner (1949), E. Hemingway (1954), J. Steinbeck (1962), S. Bellow (1976), Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978), C. Milosz (1980) *2* Vocabulary: pauper - chuas muckrakers - kyda i hnoje 12_the_czech_republic_geography_places_of_interest_system_of_government________ *1* Arrangement: - area of 78864 km2 - population about 10,295,000 - CR borders on Austria, Slovakia, Germany, Poland - mineral deposit - industry - landmarks, tourists atractions (castles, spas, lakes, caves...) - sources of energy - some world-known personnel (Kafka, Hrabal, Komensk, Lendl, Navratilov, Haaek (Dominik, Jaroslav), Jgr, Purkyn, Heyrovsk, apek (ROBOT), Kundera, slavsk, Ztopek, }elezn, Wichterle, Baea, Hus, Freud, Havel, Sv. Vojtch, Jan Nepomuck, Miloa Forman) - selected history - system of government (3 branches, president - 5 years; senators - 6 years, deputies & municipal elections - 4 years; ministries: Interior, Foreign Affairs, Defense, Justice, Industry, Commerce, Agriculture, Finance, Transport, Labour and Social Affairs, Education, Culture, Health) *2* Vocabulary: amendment - novela zkona anthracite (entrasajt) - antracit ballot - volebn lstek bill - nvrh zkona Bohemia (bohmija) - echy burnt at a stake (stejk) as a heretic - uplen na hranici jako kacY coalition - koalice Cyril (sirel) - Cyril election pledge (pled~) - pYedvolebn slib extremist - extrmista flowing into - tekouc do franchise (fren ajs) - volebn prvo Charles University - UK law-making body - orgn pro nvrhy zkono left/right wing - levice/pravice lignite (lignajt) - lignit mayor - starosta Methodius (mifoudijus) - Metodj ministry - ministerstvo moderate - stYed Moravia (morejvija) - Morava municipal elections - obecn volby national revival - nrodn obrozen normalization - normalizace oath - pYsaha PYemysl the Ploughman - PYemysl Or  re-catholization - rekatolizace Salonika (selonika) - Thessaloniky (SoluH) Smos Empire - Smova Yae Silesia (sajlsija) - Slezsko Slavonic tribes - slovansk kmeny the Baltic Sea - Balt the Battle of the White Mountain - bitva na Bl hoYe the Black Sea - ern moYe the Bohemian-Moravian Highland - M vrchovina the Cabinet - kabinet the Civic Democratic Party - ODS the Constitutional Court - stavn soud the Czech Forest - esk les the Czech Kingdom - esk krlovstv the Czech lands - esk zem the Czech-Moravian Communist Party - KS M the Czechoslovak Republic - eskoslovensk republika the Danube - dunaj the Eagle Mountains - Orlick hory the Elbe - Labe the German Occupation - nmeck okupace the Giant Mountains - Krkonoae the Great Moravian Empire - Velkomoravsk Yae the Green Party - strana zelench the Hapsburg dynasty - Habsburkov the Holy Roman Empire - Svat Yae Ymsk the Hussite Movement - husitsk hnut the Chamber of Deputies - poslaneck snmovna the Church council in Constance - Kostnick koncil the Jagiellonian dynasty - Jagellonci the Liberal Social Union including the Agricultural Party - KDU- SL the Luxembourgs - Lucemburkov the Moravian Plain - Moravsk pnev the North Sea - Severn moYe the Oder (eudr) - Odra the Ore Mountains - Kruan hory the Ostrava Coal Basin - Ostravsk uheln pnev the PYemyslid dynasty - PYemyslovci the Roman Catholic Church - Xmskokatolick crkev the Senate (senit) - sent the Social Democratic Party - SSD the Sokolov Basin, the North Bohemia Coal Basin - pnve... the Soviet Union - SSSR the splitting of the republic - rozdlen republiky the Supreme Court - nejvyaa soud the universal, equal, direct and secret right to vote - bla bla prvo volit to abstain from sth - zdr~et se eho to declare an amnesty - vyhlsit amnestii to grant a pardon - udlit generln pardon to ratify - ratifikovat town council - mstsk zastupitelstvo velvet revolution - sametov revoluce veto - veto *3* Rules: the Jizersk Mountains the Morava (river) Beskydy Kladno King JiY of Podbrady the Shetlands the judicia _________13_Prague________ *1* Arrangement: * basic facts - the capital of the CR, the seat of the President, government and parliament, the political, economic and cultural centre - 500 km2, about 1,2 mil inhabitants, it still grows, has 15 administrative districts - the oldest parts: The New Town, The Old Town, The Lesser Town, Josefov, Hrad any, Vyaehrad - important junction, Ruzyn Airport, trams, buses, the metro - industry: Engineering ( KD Works, Tesla, Motorlet ), confectionery (Orion), chemistry, textile, breweries - Smchov Staropramen, film industry (Barrandov) * the history of Prague - the prophecy of Libuae - 6th c. - Slavs came to the Prague valley - 9th c. - Prince BoYivoj founded a castle on a headland above the Vltava valley - 10th c. - Vyaehrad built - 1344 - an Archbishopric established - 1346-78 - the reign of Charles IV. - 1348 - laid a basis for the New Town, Charles University founded - 1420 - the battle on Vtkov Hill - 16/17 c. - the reign of Rudolph II. - 8th NOV 1620 - the Battle of the White Mountain - 1621 - 27 representatives of the uprising executed - 18th c. - the centre of national revival - from 1918 - the capital of the country - 8th MAY 1945 - the Prague Uprising - 9th MAY 1945 - freed by the Russians - 1968 - the Prague Spring - 17th NOV 1989 - the Velvet Revolution * sights, important buildings - the Prague Castle (three courtyards, over 700 rooms (the late Gothic Vladislav Hall - the election of the President, the Spanish Hall, Rudolph Gallery); St.Vitus Cathedral (founded by Charles IV. - the present cathedral by Matthias of Arras and Petr ParlY, finished in 1929, parts: the Gothic St.Wenceslas Chapel (semi-precious tones), the coronation chamber (coronation jewels - St. Wenceslas Crown, the sceptre, the orb), the Royal Crypt (sarcophaguses of Czech kings and queens); the Convent of St. George (from 993, nowadays a gallery); the Royal Summer Palace Belvedere (Italian Renaissance); the Singing Fountain; the Basilica of St. George (Romanesque architecture); the Schwarzenberg Palace (graffito-decorated, military history collection); the Archibishops Palace, the Sternberg Palace (seat of National Gallery); ernn Palace (the seat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) - hundreds of church spires - the Strahov Monastery (a museum of Czech literature) => - the PetYn Obervation Tower (built in 1891 as a small copy of the Eiffel Tower) => - the Golden Lane (Franz Kafka) - the Lesser Town (poetic quarter - crooked streets, ancient houses and gardens; the Lesser Town Square - St. Nicholas Church (Dientzenhofer) => - Charles Bridge (14th c.; 520 m long, 30 sculptures mainly of Baroque origin (Brown, Brokoff) => - the Faculty of Arts, place for demonstrations, the State Library - along Charles Street => the Old Town Square (the Rococo Kinsk Palace, the house At The Stone Bell (medieval, tower-like), the Old Town Hall (horologe=astronomical clock with the statues of the 12 Apostles, a skeleton, a cock, a miser); the Tn church (Brahe buried in 1601); the John Huss Monument; the Bethlehem Chapel) => - along Paris Street => the Jewish Town (a few synagogues (the Old-New Synagogue) and the cemetery) - along Celetn street => the Powder Tower, the Municipal House (the Smetana Hall - the Prague Spring Music Festival) => along the Na pYkop Street => Wenceslas Square (750 m long boulevard with dep. stores, banks, shops, restaurants...; the upper end - the Neo-Renaissant National Museum; the St. Wenceslas Memorial (bronze statue by J. V. Myslbek)=> - along Nrodn Street to the Vltava river => the Neo-Renaissant National Theatre => along the Vltava river => Vyaehrad (mostly ruins; the Rotunda of St. Martin - 11th c.; the Slavn Cemetery; the }i~kov Tower (the highest point); the dancing house) - the House of Artists (Rudolfinum) - the St. Agnes Convent (National Gallery) - Zbraslav Monastery (PYemyslid kings buried) - Troja (Baroque Chateau, the zoological garden) *2* Vocabulary: apostle - apoatol Archbishopric - arcibiskupstv AT the Prague Castle - na Pra~skm hrad enclosure - oplocen pozemek fortification - pevnost Golden Lane - Zlat uli ka horologe (horolod~) - orloj Charles Bridge - Karlov most Charles University - Karlova univerzita church spire - kosteln v~ national revival - nrodn obrozen Prague Spring Music Festival - festival Pra~sk jaro St Vitus Cathedral - katedrla sv. Vta the Habsburgs - Hbsburkov The Lesser Town - Mal strana The New Town - Nov Msto The Old Town - Star Msto the Old Town Hall - Staromstsk radnice The Old Town Square - Staromstsk nmst the Powder Tower - Praan brna the Prague Castle complex - komplex Pra~skho hradu the Prague Castle/the Castle - Pra~sk hrad/Hrad the Prague Uprising - Pra~sk povstn the PYemyslid dynasty - pYemslovsk dynastie the Rotunda of St. Martin - rotunda svatho Martina the St.Wenceslas Chapel - kaple svatho Vclava uprising - povstn Wenceslas square  Vclavk __________________14_liberec_my_town_______________________ *1* Arangement: - lies between the Izera Mountains and the Jeatd Ridge, in Northern Bohemia - on the Nisa river - about 100000 inhabitants, 6th largest city in the CR - a sport centre - the 13th century - founded as a refreshment center for merchants on the provincial trail from Bohemia to Lu~ice - 1352 - the 1st mention (about paying churchscot) - during the Hussite Movement - LBC burned down - the Bibertejns domination - the Rederns domination - the emperor Rudolph II. granted the city emblem with the Rederns symbol - silver wheel, Liberec promoted to a town - the Battle on the White Mountain => Albrecht from Wallenstein (velnstejn) came, transformed LBC to a great factory producing cloth, founded the New Town with wood-frame houses (Vtrn street) - after Wallensteins death - the Swedish wrecked the town - 18th century - centre built up with classisist brick houses - 19th century - "The Golden Age" - boom of industry and architecture - LBC the 2nd largest city after Prague - the beginning of 20th century -a lot of villas, churches, public buildings - German majority (only 7% Czech minority) - the centre of Henleins political party - supplies of granite - a lot of sights (the town hall built in the Neo-renaissant style - a copy of Vienna hall), the F. X. alda Theatre, the Sokolovsk, Beneovo square, St Anthonys Church (1587, valuable altar with Bohemian patrons), St. Crosss Church (most valuable Barogue building, name because of the former town plan; plaque column in the garden by Mathias Braun; the Wallenstein houses (the oldest houses in LBC - 1681; the `olc house (1771, cloth merchant BedYich `olc - nowadays quarters of Administration of protected landscape area of the Izera Mountains), the Neo-Renaissant spa building (1902, decorated with Poseidon and his wife...), on the Beneovo square - "The Post Caf" - Neo-Rococo style (gorgeous mirrors, golden stucco)) - the botanical garden (1876; famous for orchids), the ZOO (1919; the oldest in middle Europe, a lot of endangered species, white tigers); the hotel with restaurant on the Jeatds summit (straight circular hyperboloid; TV transmitter; 1012 m; landmark of LBC; Karel Hub ek - awarded the Perret Prize), cable railway - transport: Buses, trams, taxis - centres: Swimming pool, theatres, cinemas, two houses of culture, the Babylon centre (with Lunapark and Aquapark), football and hockey stadiums, the arena, the Izera Mountains (cycling, hiking, downhill and crosscountry skiing) - two private and two public grammar schools *2* Vocabulary: altar (oltr) - oltY churchscot - pape~sk destek provincial trail - mstn stezka __________________15_weather_environment___________ *1* Arrangement: - kinds of weather - what we do, wear in each season (21st March=>21st June=>23rd September=>21st December) - problems of environment, nature and their sollutions * disappearing islands - Kiribati, Tuvalu * Easter islands tragedy * Australian sheep * the greenhoue effect * global warming * loads of waste * nuclear weapons and waste * the ozone hole * smog * acid rains * rain forests - some tree, animal, plant species *2* Vocabulary: abound - hojn abyss - propast adder - zmije aerosol - sprej almond - mandle alternative sources of energy - alternativn zdroje energie Antarctica - Antarktida arable - orn, rodn arctic - arktick ash tree - jasan avalanche - lavina badger - jezevec bare - pust bark - kora/atkat barometer - barometr barren - neplodn, nerodn bear - medvd beaver - bobr beech tree - buk bellow/under zero/freezing point - pod/nad nulou/bodem mrazu biogas - bioplyn bird - ptk birch tree - bYza blackbird - kos blueberry - borovka boar - divo k booth - budka bough/brange - vtev boulder - balvan, valoun breed - rozmno~ovat se (zvYata) breeze - vnek brood - alechtit, chovat/sedt na vejcch, dumat brute - zvYe, hovado cabbage - salt cadmium - kadmium camomile - heYmnek car, lorry exhausts - vfukov plyny carbon dioxide - oxid uhli it carbon monoxide - oxid uhelnat carp - kapr cat hair - ko i  chlupy catalytic converters - katalyztory cereals - obilniny clam (klem) - akeble claw - drp clear sky - jasn nebe clearing - paseka, mtina cloud/y - mrak/ no cloud/y - mrak/mra no cloudburst - protr~ mra en clump of trees - skupina stromo coal-fired power stations - tepeln elektrrny coastal - pobYe~n coconut - kokos cod - treska concentrated - nahromadn concrete blocks - betonov krychle cone - aiaka conifers - jehli nany cool breeze - chladiv vnek copper - m core - jdro, jdYinec corrosion - koroze crab - krab cranberry - brusinka crayfish - rak crop - roda crow - vrna/kokrhat cuckoo - kuka ka daffodil - narcis date - datle dawn - svtn desulphurisation - odsiYovn dew (dju) - rosa ditch - strouha, pYkop domestic heating - domc vytpn domestic rubbish - domc odpad dove - holubice downpour - slejvk drained - vyschl, vysuaen drought - sucho, pustina dusk - stmvn dust/y - prach/praan earthworm - ~~ala ebony - eben economical/economic - aetrn, sporn/ekonomick eel - hoY elm tree - jilm emerald - smaragd emissions - emise end-of-pipe systems - odsiYova e (v komnech) environment - }P environmentally friendly - aetrn k }P estuary - st Yeky eucalyptus - eukalyptus falcon - sokol famine - hladomor fang - tesk farmland - orn poda fawn - fauna ferns - kapradiny fertile - rodn fertilizer - zrodHova  fig - fk fin - ploutev fir tree - jedle firewood - topn dYevo flea (fli) - blecha fog/gy - mlha/vo fossil fuels - fosiln paliva fragrance - von freight - doprava, nklad frost - mrz frozen - (z)mra~en full moon - plnk fumes - plyny gas-fired plants - tovrny na plyn global warming - globln oteplovn goose/geeze - husa/y green belts - mstsk zeleH guinea fowl - perli ka gull (gal) - racek hare - zajc harmful - akodliv, zhoubn hawk - jestYb heavy rain - siln dae hedgehog - je~ek (Komrkov) herring - sle high/low pressure - vysok/nzk tlak high/low sun - slunce vysoko/nzko na obloze hog - vepY, prase horseradish - kYen humane - humnn, lidsk hyena (hajjna) - hyena chemicals - chemiklie cherry - tYeaeH chip - tYska chirp - cvr ek chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - freony icecaps - snhov pokrvka icy - ledov, pokryt ledem in captivity/in the wild - v zajet/pYrod in the twilight - za aera Indian summer - bab lto industrial - hospodYsk interior - vnitrozemsk Its raining cats and dogs/its pouring down with rain - lije jako z konve its slippery - je kluzko ivory - slonovina kernel - zrno landfill - skldka landscape - krajina landslide - sesuvy pody lavender - levandule lawn - trvnk leaf/leaves - list/ lemon - citron lentil - o ka light rain/fog/wind/sun - lehk: Dae, mlha, vtr, slunce lightning - blesk lizard - jeatr lobster - humr locust - kobylka louse/lice - vea low-sulphur coal - uhl s nzkm obsahem sry mackerel - makrela magpie - straka mammal - savec man-made - lovkem vyroben maple tree - javor mare - klisna marine - moYsk, nmoYn meadow - louka mean - prostYedek mercury - rtue methane - metan moist - vlhk moose - los moss - mech mud - blto mushroom - houba mushrooming - houbaYen mustard - hoY ice nature reserves - pYrodn rezervace nest - hnzdo, hnzdit nettle - bodlk nightingale - slavk nitrogen oxide - oxid dusnat oak tree - dub oasis - oza octopus - chobotnice of organic origin - organickho povodu oil spills - ropn skvrny onion - cibule orbit - ob~n drha, orbita otter - vydra overcast - zata~en owl - sova oxidant - oxidant partridge - koroptev pasture - pastvina pastureland - pastviny paw - packa peck - zobat, klovat peninsula - poloostrov perch - okoun Y n/bidlko/sedt, tronit pesticides - pesticidy pheasant - ba~ant pike - atika pine tree - borovice pip - pecka, jdro plaice - plats plant - rostlina/tovrna, podnik plant/flower - rostlina/kvtina plum - slva pollen - pyl pollutant - zne iaeovatel pollution from - zne iatn m pond - rybnk, rybn ek pool - kalu~, toH poplar tree - topol potato beetle - mandelinka prawn - garnt precipice - propast/zhuba, zkza primeval forest - prales pulp - du~ina pussy - kot radioactive substances - radioaktivn ltky radish - Yedkev rainfall - sr~ky rainfall rates - sr~kov hrny rare - vzcn raspberry - malina raven - havran ray - paprsek reeds - rkos reindeer - sob/i reptile - plaz ripe - zral roe buck - jelen roe deer - srnec root - koYen/odmocnit rosemary - rozmarn sage - aalvj salmon - losos sap - mza sardine - sardinka sawdust - piliny sea level - hladina moYe seed - semeno sewage treatment - isti ky odpadnch vod shell - skoYpka, lastura shrimp - kreveta silage - sil~ skate - rejnok skyline - horizont slush - bYe ka smoke, smell - kouY, smrad snail - hlem~ snow flake - snhov vlo ka soil - poda solar radiation - slune n zYen soya - sja sparrow - vrabec spruce tree - smrk squirrel - vavruaka stalagmite/stalagtite - stalagmit/stalaktit stem - kmen, stonek/zarazit, zastavit storage - skladiat stork - p strawberry - jahoda stream - potok, poto ek strong sun - siln hYejc Slunce strong thunderstorm - siln bouYe strong wind - siln vtr stunted - zakrsl sturgeon - jeseter substance - ltka, substance sugar beet - cukrov Yepa sugar cane - cukrov tYtina sulphur dioxide - oxid siYi it sunrise - vchod Slunce sunset - zpad Slunce swallow - vlaatovka swamp - ba~ina swan (svn) - labue tangerines, mandarines - mandarinky tempest/storm - bouYe thaw (f) - obleva the balance of species - rovnovha druho the greenhouse effect - sklenkov efekt the lungs of our planet - plce Zem (pralesy) thermometer - termometr thunder - hrom tide - pYliv a odliv, proud, tok to absorb - absorbovat to be fitted with sth - bt vybaven m to be sorted out - bt tYdn to bite - kousat, atpat to blaze - plpolat/ ~r, po~r to buzz - bzu et to clean sth up - vy istit co to compost sth - zkompostovat co/kompost to contaminate sth - kontaminovat co to contribute to sth - pYispvat k emu to convert into - pYemnit v co to curse sth - kltn, nadvat na co to damage the environment - poakozovat }P to decay - rozlo~it se/rozklad to defrost - rozmrazit to die out/extinct - vymYt to discharge sth - vypouatt co to drizzle - mrholit/mrholen to dump - slo~it (uhl)/zahodit, vyhodit/skldka to flare - plpolat to form - utvoYit, zreagovat v co to freeze - mrznout to gather - t~it to give sth out - vylu ovat, vypouatt co to hail - kroupit/kroupa to hiss - sy et to chop down - pokcet to implement - uskute nit, realizovat to install - instalovat to litter - odhazovat svin k/svin k to melt - tt to mine - t~it, t~ba, dol to plant - szet to pollute - zne iaeovat to rear - chovat to reclaim sth - zrodnit, rekultivovat co to recycle - recyklovat to run on sth - jezdit na co to spin a web - uplst se to surge - vzdouvat se/pYboj to take measures - provdt mYen to turn into sth - zmnit se v co to wave - mvat, vlnit se/vlna tropical fish - exotick rybka tropical rain forest - tropick deatn les trout - pstruh tulip - tulipn tuna - tuHk twig - vtvi ka ultraviolet rays - ultrafialov paprsky unleaded petrol - bezolovnat benzn urban regeneration - obnova mst varity - odroda viper - zmije vitally important - ~ivotn dole~it vulture - sup walnut - vlaask oYech warthog - prase bradavi nat wasp - vosa waste disposal sites - smeeky waste materials - odpadn ltky water falls - sr~ky water vapour - vodn pra, vpary watercourse - vodn tok waterways - vodn cesty weather forecast - pYedpov po as whiskers - vousy widespread flood - mohutn povodeH widespread fog - hust mlha wild-rose bush - ro~e apkov wilderness - divo ina willow pussies - ko i ky willow tree - vrba wolf - vlk woodchuck - sviae woodpecker - datel x degrees - x stupHo Celsia yew tree - tis yield - sklizeH, roda _____________________16_shopping_clothing____________ *1* Arrangement: - situations in a shop (buying, checking...) - what we can buy in each shop (about 10 items) - what we wear if its summer/winter, on special occasions, when sporting, relaxing - types of neckline: With collar, collarless, high, low, oval, polo neck, tie, V-neck, boat neck - cuts of sleeves: Raglan, inset, dropped shoulder, batwing - patterns: Flower, geometric, striped, checked, dotted, spotted - traditional clothes *2* Vocabulary: accessory - pYsluaenstv, doplnk all-purpose dress - oblek pro ka~d pYpad appearance - vzhled apron (ejpran) - zstra article - artikl, polo~ka auction - dra~ba axe (eks) - sekyra ball - klubko vlny bangle - maale barbers - holi stv bead (bi:d) - korlek, kuli ka bedsheet - prostradlo bell-shaped skirt - zvonovit sukn bin - plechovka blazer - blejzr blouse - bloza body care - autoklempYstv bookshop - knihkupectv bouquet/bunch of flowers - kytice boutique - butik bowl - msa, ae bowler hat - hu ka, klobouk bra - podprsenka bracelet - nramek braces - ale brooch (breu ) - bro~ broom - koat brush - attec, attka butchers (bu rs) - Yeznictv cape - platnka cardigan - svetr na zip cash dispenser - obchodn pokladna casual clothes - hadry na doma, voln oble en claw hammer - kladivo s jednou stranou na hYebky clothe - hadr clothes - oble en clothes made to measure - oble en na mru coat - kabt, plae collar - lmec comb - hYeben, esat comfortable - pohodln commodity - komodita, pYedmt obchodu confectioners - cukrrna cordurdy trousers - man~estrky costume - pYevlek crowbar - p idlo curler - nat ka cut - stYih dairy products - ml n vrobky Delikatessen - lahodkYstv denim - d~novina department store - obchodn dom deposit for bottle - zloha na lahev discount - sleva, sr~ka DIY shop - udlej si sm, obchod pro kutily dress - oblek drill - vrtk/vrta ka dry-cleaners - istrna dyers - barvrna ear muffs - klapky na uai earring - nuanice ether - ter evening gown - ve ern aaty fabric (febrik) - tkanina Fabric/Dress materials - obchod ltkami fancy dress parade - maakarn bl fashion - mda fashion designer - mdn nvrhY fashionable/unfashionable - v md/nemdn felt-pen/marker - fixa Fishmongers - rybrna fixed price - pevn cena florists - kvtinYstv Fruiterers - ovoce Furriers - ko~eanictv garish - kYiklav, vstYedn garment - st odvu Gift shop - drkov zbo~ goblet - kalich Goldsmith - zlatnk grocers, grocery - potraviny guarantee certificate - zru n list Haberdashery - galanterie hair-dresser - kadeYnictv handcuff - man~eta hand-sbd-down clothes - hadry pYedan nkomu po starach sourozencch hardware shop - ~elezYstv hat - klobouk Hatters - klobou nictv Health Foods - zdrav strava heavy boots/court shoes - t~k/sluan boty heel-bar - avec Homewares - domc potYeby hood - kapuce, karkulka chain - Yetz checkout counter - pokladna chemists, drugstore - drogerie Ironmongers - ~elezYstv item - polo~ka jacket - frak, sako jeans (P) - d~ny jewellery - aperky jigsaw - puzzle jumper - svetYk, halena khaki - mask ov barva laces - tkani ky Launderette - istrna laundry - apinav prdlo linen - pltno lining - podavka man-made fibres - uml vlkna marble - kuli ka, korlek mascarn - Yasenka masquerade - maakarda match colours - barevn sednout midcalf lenght - po ltka mittens - rukavice muffler - ala necklace - nhrdelnk neckline - vstYih needle - jehla night gown - ~upan off-lineer - obchod drinky One Hour Cleaning - rychlo istrna optician - optik overall - overal Paints - barvy paper clip - sponka parade - pYehldka patch - zplata pendant - pYvsek pharmacy - lkrna pin - jehlice, spona plane - hoblk/hoblovat pliers - kleat plimsolls - tenisky pneumatic drill - zbje ka precious stone - drahokam price range - cenov relace purse - dmsk pen~enka pyjamas - py~amo queue - fronta raincoat - praiplae rake - hrb rasher - pltek ready-made clothes - konfekce receipt - tenka rope - lano rouge (ro~)/lipstick - rtnka rubber/eraser - guma rubbers - gumky ruler - pravtko savings bank - spoYitelna saw - pila scarf - atek scissors (P) - no~ky scourge - metla screw - aroub screw-driver - aroubovk sheet - list papru shirt - koaile shoe - bota shop assistant/shopkeeper - prodava /ka shorts (P) - kraeasy silk - hedvb skirt - sukn slacks (sleks) - teplky sledgehammer - dlouh kladivo sleeve - rukv socks - pono~ky spade - lopata spanner - francouzsk kl  spending spree - tah po krmech spikes - sportovn boty sporran - irsk mch stand - stnek stationers - paprnictv stitch - steh straw hat - koupac epice subdued - nenpadn, tlumen suit - oblek (pnsk, dmsk) suspender belt - suspenzor suspenders - podvazky sweater (svetr) - svetr swimming trunks - pnsk plavky tailcoat - frak s tu H m vstYihem na zadku tailor - krej  tar - dehet tie / bow tie - kravata / motlek tight-fitting - pevn obepnajc tightrope - provazochodeck lano tights - pun ochy to be out of date - bt mimo mdu, neaktuln to be reduced - bt zlevnn to be slovenly in dressing - oblkat se lajdcky to be well-dressed - dobYe se oblkat to buy sth on purchase - koupit co na spltky to coat - natYt/ntr to crochet (krouaei) - h kovat to drop the price - slevit to embroider - vyavat to exchange - vymnit, smnit to knit - plst to lean on a stick - chodit o holi to look like/looked/looked - vypadat jako, vyzerat to pay in cash - platit hotov to pull sth on - obouvat co to put on sth - oblci co to queue (UK)/to stand in line (US) - stt frontu to sew (seu) / sewed / sewn - at, seat, uat to smart up - upravit se to suit sbd - bt nkomu, padnout nkomu to take sth off - svlknout co to wear sth /wore/worn - nosit nco to weave - tkt, plst track suit - zvodnick oble en trademark - obchodn zna ka trousers - kalhoty T-shirt - tri ko turpentine - terpentn umbrella - deatnk underpants - spodky uniformity - uniformovanost Universal Store - smaenka vending machine - prodejn automat vest, waistcoat - vesta waist-lenght - po ps dlouh waistline - pas wallet (volit) - pnsk pen~enka warehouse - skladiat washable - omyvateln washing-up liquid - stc prostYedek na ndob Watchmakers - hodinY Wellington boots - gumky wig - paruka wire - kabel woolen hat - epice worn out - obnoaen Wrap up warm! - oblkni se teple ~ebYk - ladder _________17_food_restaurants_czech_english_and_american_meals_________ *1* Arrangement: - how does it go in fast foods and in restaurants? - meals on special occasions (feastdays...) - typical British and American meals Typical English breakfast: 1) Orange juice 2) Cornflakes 3) Ham&Eggs 4) Beans&sausages, fried tomatoes 5) Toast and marmelade 6) Tea or coffee with milk Sometimes elevenses (cup of tea, biscuits) Lunch: Usually cold, loaded with vegetables: Sandwich, bread and butter, biscuits, fish and chips Dinner = the main meal (three-course meal): 1) Starter - alcohol; salad 2) Potatoes, rice, vegetables 3) Dessert - the US: after breakfast: Elevenses lunch: usually hamburger, hot dog - Scotland, North England: - 17-18 - they have high tea (fish, ham, sausages, eggs => then biscuits, bread, cup of tea) - evening - supper (more biscuits, cocoa, milk, sandwiches, tea, cheese, cakes, bread&butter...) - differences between the Czech (we call English dinner a supper) and the British cuisine - healthy food - jam vs. marmelade (limes) - division of soups: 1) Bouillons 2) Clear soups (beef, chicken, vegetable, with liver-balls) 3) Thick soups (celery, cauliflower, tomato, potato, fish, cream of mushroom, tripe) - manual - how to prepare some meal *2* Vocabulary: almond - mandle aperitif - aperitiv apple strudel - jable n atrodl apricot - meruHka astew - duaen bacon - slanina baking tin - plech na pe en barbecue - brbekjo basil - bazalka batter(U) - lit tsto beef - hovz beverage (beverid~) - npoj bitter - hoYk blackberry - ostru~ina blood sausage - jelito blueberry - borovka boar - divo k bouillon - bujon box of chocolate - bonbonira braised liver - duaen jtra bread dumpling - houskov knedlk breadcrumbs - strouhanka breakfast - sndan broccoli - brokolice brunch - americk, britsk obdosndan (vkendov) Brussels sprout - ro~i kov kapusta bulb - cibule od ehokoli/~rovka bun - houska cabbage - salt cacao - kakaov praek cakes - pala inky camomile - heYmnek can - plechovka, konzerva canap - jednohubka caraway - kmn cari - kari carrot - mrkev casserole - anglick eintopf cauliflower - kvtk celery - celer cider - jable n vno, jable n moat cinnamon - skoYice clam - akeble clove (kleuv) - hYeb ek clove of garlic - strou~ek esneku cocktail - koktejl coconut - kokos cod - treska cognac - koHak cook - kuchaY corkscrew - vvrtka cottage cheese - tvaroh counter - pYep~ka ve fastfodu courgette - cuketa crab - krab cranberry - brusinka crayfish - rak croissant - loupk cucumber - okurka currant - rybz custard - krm, pudink cutlet - porce masa, pltek date - datle dessert, pudding - dezert, pudink dinner/supper - ve eYe disgusting - nechutn, odporn dish/course - chod dissolve - rozpustit dough - tsto doughnut/donut - kobliha dried fruit - suaen ovoce eel - hoY elaborate meal - slo~it, slo~en jdlo fig - fk fillet of plaice - pltek platse flavour - amak food poisoning - otrava jdlem foodstuff - suroviny na jdlo fruit - ovoce fruit dumplings - ovocn knedlky gammon - uzen aunka garnish - oblo~it, pYloha gellied (d~eld) pork - tl a ginger - zzvor ginger bread - pernk goulash - gula grapes - hrozny grate on a grater - roatovat na roatu gravy - masov vlastn aeva grease - omastit guinea fowl - perli ka hare - zajc hazelnut (heizlnat) - lskov oYech herb tea - bylinkov aj herring - sle horseradish - kYen hot dish - tepl pokrm hot chocolate - kakao (npoj) chef - afkuchaY cherry - tYeaeH chestnut stuffing - kaatanov ndivka chilli powder - ili chop - kus masa s kost ice-cream - zmrzlina ice-lolly - nanuk jacked potatoes - brambory na loupa ku jam - d~em jelly - ~el knead (nyd) - hnst, vlet lager (lagr)/pint/half - pivo-0,5l/0,6l/0,3l lamb - ov  landlord/landlady - hostinsk/hostinsk lard - sdlo lasagne - lazan leek - pr lemon - citron lentil - o ka lettuce - hlvkov salt lid - poklice light/dark/draught beer - pivo svtl/tmav/to en lime - vpno/citrus liver-balls - jtrov knedl ky lobster - humr lunch - obd macaroni - makarny mackerel - makrela maize (UK)/corn (US) - kukuYice malt(U) (mlt) - slad maple sap - javorov sirup marmelade - marmelda marzipan - marcipn mayonnaise - majonza mince - namlt mincer - mlnek mitmeat - maso na hamburgry mixture - sms mug - hrn ek, alek msli (mHozli) - msli mustard - hoY ice mutton - jehn  nectarine - nektarinka noodles - nudle nourishment - potrava nutcrackers - lousk ek nutmeg - muaktov oYaek nutritious - v~ivn omelette (UK)/omelet (US) - omeleta on the rocks - (alkohol) s ledem onion - cibule oyster - stYice partley - petr~el pasta - tstoviny pastry - mou nk, cukrov peach - broskev peanut - araad pear (pr) - hruaka peas - hraek pepper - paprika pheasant - ba~ant pickles - kysel okurky, cibulky, nakldan zelenina pie - plnn kol  pike - atika pineapple - ananas plain yoghurt - bl jogurt plates made of china - porcelnov talYe plum - slva plum brandy - slivovice poppadoms - indick chlb pork - vepYov porridge - ovesn kaae pot luck - pYekvapen pod pokli kou potato pancake with garlic - brambork poultry - drobe~ prawn - garnt preserved - zavaYen pressure cooker - papiHk pumpkin - tykev punch - pun  radish - Yedkev raisin - hrozinka raspberry - malina raw - syrov recipe - recept risotto - rizoto roast pork with dumplings and sauerkraut - vepYo-knedlo-zelo roe deer - srnec roll - rohlk rosemary - rozmarn rumpsteak - biftek ze zadnho hovzho sage - aalvj salami - salm saltcellar - slnka sardine - sardinka sauce - om ka scrambled eggs - mchan vaj ka seafood - produkty moYe semolina puree (pjuarej) - krupicov kaae shrimp - kreveta sirloin steak with cream sauce - sv kov skate - rejnok smoked - uzen soft/hard boiled eggs - vejce namkko/natvrdo soup ladle - sbra ka soya - sja sparkling wine - sekt sparkling/mulled wine - aumiv vno/svaYk spice - koYen spinach (spiny ) - apent spirit - alkohol sponge - piakot sponge cake - bbovka sprinkle - postYkat, pocukrovat, posolit starter, course - pYedkrm still/fizzy water - neperliv/perliv voda stove (steuv) - kamna strain with a strainer - cedit na cednku straw - br ko strawberry - jahoda sturgeon - jeseter sunny side up - volsk oko syrup - sirup tangerines, mandarines - mandarinky tasteful - chutn tasteless - bez chuti tasty - chutn teetotaller - abstinent tender meat - jemn maso tin/bottle opener - otvrk na konzervy/lhve tinned - ve form na pe en tip - spropitn to be loaded with calories - bt narvn kaloriemi to eat out - jt jst ven do restaurace to grill - grilovat to peel sth - oloupat co to serve sth - servrovat, poskytovat co to smack - mlaskat to squeeze sth - vyma kat co to starve - hladovt to stew - dusit toothpick - prtko topping - topink trifle - vaje n sladk nkyp tripe soup - dr~kovka trout - pstruh tuna - tuHk under-done steak - krvav stejk upset (eg. tomato) - zka~en (napY. raj e) utterly/absolutely delicious - totln vte n veal paprika - telec na paprice vegetables - zelenina vegetarian - vegetarinsk, vegetarin venison - zvYina Vienna steak - vdeHsk stejk vine - vno (hroznov) vinegar - ocet vineyard - vinice vintage (vintyd~) x - ro nk x vitamins - vitamny waffle (vofl) - vafle walnut - vlaask oYech whipped cream - aleha ka whisk - alehat white/brown bread - bl/ ern chlb white sugar icing - posyp mou kovm cukrem wine - vno (alkohol) wooden spoon - vaYe ka yeast (jst) - kvasnice, dro~d ________________18_william_shakespeare_my_favourite_shakespeares_play______ *1* Arrangement: - about Shakespeares life - about his works - about my favourite S. play - why he was famous in his days (thrilling stories, understandable for everyone, prestigious plays) - why he is famous nowadays (close themes, thrilling stories, all kinds of plays) - some of his colleagues playwrights (Marlowe, Kyd, Ben Johnson) Facts: 1) - born April 23 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, died 1616 in the same town - father John - a successful merchant (a glovemaker) - the age of 7 - WS started attending local grammar school - the age of 18 - married Anne Hathaway (26, already pregnant)=> after 6 months - daughter Susanna born, after 2 years - twins (Judith and Hamnet - died 11) born - 1592 - WS appears as an established actor and playwright - 1594 - joins the Lord Chamberlains Men as a leading actor and dramatist, by 1599 - with 6 members owners of The Globe (open to the sky) - 1597 - bought himself a new mansion - New Place (the sec. largest in Stratford, 2 gardens, 2 orchards, 2 barns) - big profits, kings support - 1612 - WS returns home to Stratford - 1613 - The Globe destroyed by fire - the Kings Men (renamed) continue in the Blackfriars (indoor theatre, allowing scenic effects) - spends the rest of his life with family and visitors - 23. 4. 1616 - dies after entertaining Johnson and Michael Drayton at New Place - buried at Trinity Church in Stratford 2) - 37 plays - adapted a lot of older plays - historical plays: Richard III., Henry IV., Julius Caesar, Anthony and Cleopatra - tragedies: Macbeth, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet - comedies: As You Like It, The Taming Of The Shrew, The Merry Wives of Windsor, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Twelfth Night, The Merchant of Venice - romances: Pericles, The Winters Tale, The Tempest - sonnets (close to the speech; dedicated to men), longer poems 3) Quotations from Shakespeare: Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. (Hamlet) My kingdom for a horse! (Richard III) The evil that men do lives after them. (Julius Caesar) To be or not to be? (Hamlet) I saw the handkerchief! (Othello) Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. (Henry IV.) 4) A) Romeo And Juliet: Families of Montague and Capulet; Verona; Romeo, a Montague, Juliet, a Capulet; secret wedding; Tybalt - Juliets cousin; Mercutio (Romeos friend) dies => Tybalt killed; Paris; the Friar Lawrence; potion => Juliets seems dead; Mantua B) Hamlet C) King Lear: 3 daughters; Cordelia; Lear goes mad; C. marries the King of France; helps father; Cordelia and Lear imprisoned by sisters D) Macbeth: Scottish soldier; prophecy; Lady Macbeth; killing present king Duncan, Banquo (fellow-soldier); Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane=>Macbeth defeated E) Othello: Moor and Venetian general; Iago; Desdemona; Cassio (liutenant); Emilia *2* Vocabulary: against sbds wish - proti  voli despot - despota in grief - ve smutku moor - maur prophecy (profisi) - vatba reconciliation (rykansyliejan) - usmYen sexual jealousy - milostn ~rlivost to banish/ment (benya) - vyhostit/n to be put to death - bt odsouzen k smrti to be resolved on sth - bt rozhodnut udlat co to drive sbd away from home - vykzat koho z domu to stab sself - probodnout se to strangle - uakrtit unjustified - nespravedliv vendetta - vendeta, nenvist mezi rodinami vengeance (vend~eans)  pomsta _____________________________19_health_diseases_human_body__________ *1* Arrangement: - the parts of human body - what do the typical English look like? (red-haired, mixed origin, freckles...) - typical illnesses, psychological diseases - the system of health service, an appointment with your doctor - healthy lifestyle and civilisational diseases - first aid *2* Vocabulary: (elastic) bandage (bendyd~) - (elastick) obvaz (nervous) breakdown - (nervov) zhroucen abdomen - bYicho accident - nehoda acne - akn ambulance (driver) - sanita (saniek) an appointment - prohldka angular/coarse face - hranat/drsn obli ej ankle (enkl) - kotnk anorexia - anorexie antibiotics (entibjotiks) - antibiotika apple - ohryzek artificial respiration - uml dchn auburn - kaatanov backbone - pteY bandy-legged - kozonoh barefooted - bos beard - bradka belly - bYako big toe - palec u nohy bile (bajl)/gall - ~lu  bladder - mchY/~lu nk blind in the eye - slep na oko blocked nose - ucpan nos blonde - blond blood - krev blood pressure - krevn tlak bone - kost bottom - h~d brace - ortza/rovntka breast, chest - hrdnk broad shoulders - airok ramena built - postava, vzrost bulimia - bulimie bunch of fives - pst (k toku) bust - poprs calf - ltko cancer - rakovina chain smoker - kuYck tovrna complexion/fair complexion - plee/svtl plee concussion (konkaan) - otYes mozku constipation - zcpa cough (kof) - kaael/kaalat cough mixture - pYpravek proti kaali cream - mast cream - mast cross-eyed - ailhajc crutch - berle curly/wavy hair - kudrnat/zvlnn vlasy dandruff - lupy deaf - hluch diabetes (djabtis) - cukrovka diarrhoea - projem diet, to be on a diet - dieta, dr~et dietu disaster/disastrously - neatst, katastrofa/neaeastn dishevelled - rozcuchan dislocated shoulder - vyklouben rameno doctor - doktor dumb - nm dwarf - trpaslk ear - ucho ecsema (eksima) - exm elbow - loket enchanting smile - odzbrojujc smv extract - extrakt, vta~ek eye - oko eyebrow - obo o eyelash - Yasa eyelid - o n v ko faint/shrill/husky/harsh voice - mrn/pronikav/chraplav/drsn hlas fair/blond hair - svtl vlasy fatty meat - tu n maso fever - hore ka fiber - vlknina fist - pst flesh - lidsk maso forehead - elo fracture - zlomenina freckles - pihy fringe - ofina full-figured - plnoathl General Practitioner - praktick lkaY German measles (mzls) - spalni ky gigantic (d~igentyk) - gigantick giggle (gigl) - hihHat se good/poor appetite (epetajt) - (dobr/mal) chue k jdlu gore - sra~en krev grim - ponur, zamra en grin - aklebek gums - dsn hangover - kocovina head - hlava headache - bolest hlavy health center - zdravotnick centrum heart - srdce heart attack - infarkt heart-stopping smile - srdcervouc smv heel - pata hiccups - akytavka hips - boky hobble - kulhat, pajdat hooked nose - hkovit nos hospital - nemocnice hunch-backed - hrbat hygiene (haid~n) - hygiena hypochondriac - hypochondr cheek - tvY chicken pox - neatovice chin - brada chuckle - chichot, tlumen smch illness/disease - nemoc, nkaza index finger/forefinger - ukazov ek influenza, flu- chYipka injury - zrann (mena) insomnia - nespavost instep - nrt interruption - interrupce intestines - stYeva jaundice (d~ondis) - ~loutenka jaw - elist joint - kloub kidney - ledv lame in a leg - chrom na nohu limb - d limp - kulhat, kulhn lip - ret lisp - aialat little finger - mal ek little toe - mal ek u nohy liver - jtra lungs - plce marrow - morek medicine - l ivo, lky middle finger - prostYedn ek moustache (msta) - knr mouth - sta mumbs - pYuanice muscle - sval nail - nehet neat - vkusn, hledn nimble - mratn, hbit nose - nos nosedrops - kapky do nosu operating theatre - opera n sl pain - bolest, bolet painkillers - analgetika=lky proti bolesti pale - bled palm - dlaH patient - pacient performance - operace permed hair - trval pharmacy - lkrna pills - praky pimple - uhrk, pupnek plump - buclat (i obli ej) pony-tail - ohon postmortem - pitva proportions - proporce protruding cheek-bones - vy nvajc lce rash - vyr~ka recovery - zotaven rheumatism - revmatismus rib - ~ebro ring finger - prsten ek rotten tooth - zka~en zub seasick -)+*+77DDJJJjjstfܵ޵PR`fGH##))ZZjjjjmmN__ee~~ր؀.2 <>HNϿϽϿhUhUCJaJUhUCJaJhRCJaJhRhRCJaJh|:CJaJh|:h|:CJaJhZCJaJhZhZCJaJFDEIV2 g ~  { !!u#`%' '9'''J(gdZfJ(b((()))****(+)+r+s+w+++++%,@,W,,,,, ---gd|:gdZ--U---00157778p8888X9999J:d:{::::6;b;;<gd|:<%<M<<I=r====*>_>>>>6?d?{????}@@@%A6AA4BnBBBgd|:B0CECcCCCCNOXYˠ "0bdgdZgdR<*N8}ܨqaƪ֪ Z̫PҬ9d׭"gdZ"ɯݰް|ĵܵ޵(¶޶TXƸgdZƸVܹ<^Pv"tܼ>` 4оgdZJnX8zX@.gdZ`BHf6jBDgdZld\*R.jb&bd :gdZ:<`k-IJKO[\vgdZ\r(|&|TJ,gdZJ348EPQz>pVnrb'gdRgdZ'Vk{!WX()-:;s gdRK/bGf; 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the bride has to have sth new, old, blue and borrowed) - funeral (superstitions - one should be buried 6 feet under ground) - reasons for getting divorced (high phone bills, boredom, problems with living and finding a job, drunkard, home violence...) - problems of old people (loneliness) - advantages and disadvantages of being the only child - generation gap, problems of young people - reasons for and against maternity - my daily programme => originally! (}ahour...) *2* Vocabulary: adultory - nevra amount - suma, stka bachelor - svobodn mldenec best man - svdek birth - narozen birthday card - narozeninov pYn bride - nevsta bridegroom - ~enich bridesmaid - dru~i ka canopy - baldachn cemetery - hYbitov ceremony - ceremonil coffin - rakev companion/ in arms - spole nk/ spolubojovnk cousin - sestYenice/bratranec cremation - kremace descendant - potomek engaged - zasnouben engagement - zsnuby fee - poplatek fianc (fijonsej) - snoubenec fiance (fijonsej) - snoubenka first name - jmno funeral - pohYeb gambling - gemblaYen, hran hazardnch her, automato generation gap - genera n problmy, mezera get-well card - pYn brzkho uzdraven godfather/godmother - kmotr/kmotra grave - hrob graveyard - hYbitov great-grandma - prababi ka honeymoon - lbnky childbirth - narozen dtte childhood - dtstv christening party - kYtiny I will! - man~elsk "ano" illegitimate children - mimomen~elsk dti imprisoned - zat en juveniles - mlde~ love at first sight - lska na prvn pohled maiden name - rodn pYjmen marital status - rodinn stav marriage - man~elstv marriage certificate - man~elsk smlouva maternity hospital - porodnice maternity leave - mateYsk mortury - mrnice mother-in-law/father-in-law/son-in-law/daughter-in-law - thn/tchn/zee/snacha mourner - truchlk nappy - plena nephew - synovec niece - neteY orphan - sirotek out of work/jobless - bez prce permanent adress - trval bydliat pocket money - kapesn pram - ko rek present adress - pYechodn bydliat relative - pYbuzn riddle - hdanka savings - spory scandal - skandl sibling - sourozenec silver/golden/diamond wedding - stYbrn/zlat/diamantov svatba single - jedin, samostatn/svobodn spinster - star panna stepchildren - nevlastn dti stork - p suicide - sebevra~da sum - suma surname - pYjmen surrogate mother - nhradn matka (kter odnos dt) sympathy - soustrast, sympatie testify - zve the only child - jedin ek to be bad influence on sth - mt apatn vliv na koho to be born in the sign of - bt zrozen ve znamen to be broke - nemt prachy to be called after - bt pojmenovn po kom to be christened - bt pokYtn to be made redundant - bt propuatn to be married to sbd - bt oddn s km to be on the shelf - bt na ocet to be relate to sbd - bt n  pYbuzn to be sbds age - bt n  vku to bet - szet to be the very image of - vypadnout komu z oka to be well-suited - hodit se k sob to be widowed - bt ovdovl to break/split up with sbd - rozejt se s km to breast-feed - kojit to bury - pohYbt to commit suicide - spchat sebevra~du to deliver a baby - obdr~et dt to die from - zemYt na to divorce from sbd - rozvst se s km to fritter money away - rozfofrovat penze to marry sbd - vzt si koho to obey (obej) - poslouchat, dodr~ovat to overdose - pYedvkovat se to retire - odejt do dochodu to save - spoYit to walk the dog - dojt s oklem toddler - batole tomb (tumb) - hrobka twins/triplets/quartaplets/quintaplets... - 2 a~ 5 ata un/faithful - ne/vrn wedding - svatba wedding reception - svatebn hostina widow/er - vdova/vdovec windfall - penze z nebe youth - mlad, mlde~ _________21_my_studies_plans_for_the_future_professions___ *1* Arrangement: - basic facts about my school attendance division into: 1) Blue collar jobs (wage, paid for performance, hour, usually in cash) 2) White collar jobs = professions (salary sent to their account) *2* Vocabulary: absolute fortune - cel jmn accountant - etn actor - herec after-school activity - mimoakoln aktivita agricultural school - zemdlka aid - pomocka air traffic controller - letov dispe er ald age pension - starobn dochod A-levels - britsk matura annelise - analza annual income - ro n pYjem apprentice - u eH apprenticeship certificate - vu n list architect - architekt artist - umlec assembly hall - atrium assistant - asistent at a university - na univerzit at school - ve akole attention span - doba pozornosti au pair - pr bankrupt - krach barber - holi  blackboard - tabule board of examiners - zkuaebn komise boarding school - interntn akola boss - kpo, afik bricklayer - zednk business academy - obchodn akademie bussiness card - navatvenka butler - komornk campus - plac pro studenty candidate - kandidt career - karira cashier - pokladnk chairman - pYedseda civics - ob ansk nauka civil engineer - stavebn in~enr classmate - spolu~k cleaning woman - uklze ka clerk - Yednk cloakroom - aatna colleague - kolega compulsory education - povinn akoln dochzka conservatoire - konzervatoY convent - ~ensk klater cook - kuchaY correspondence classes - dlkov studium craftsman - Yemeslnk crop - roda curriculum vitae - ~ivotopis dean - dkan decorator - malY pokojo degree - titul department - katedra diploma - diplom diploma thesis - diplomov prce dissertation - doktorsk prce doctorate - doktort driving lesson - jzdy dustman - popelY earning - pYjem editor - redaktor education - vzdln eg. chemistry teacher - u itel napY. chemie employee/employer - zamstnanec/zamstnavatel entrance examination - pYijma ky entrepreneur - podnikatel environs - okol, prostYed espionage - apion~ estate agent - prodejce nemovitost evening classes - ve ern akola expense of - nklady eho experience/d - zkuaenost/n faculty - fakulta family allowance - rodinn dvky farewell party - rozlu kov prty farmer - farmY fire fighters - hasi i fisherman - rybY fitness centre - posilka founder - slva  geisha - gejaa graduation ball - maturiek groundkeeper/caretaker - akolnk gymnasium - tlocvi n hala hair-dresser - kadeYnk hall of residence - vysokoakolsk kolej hay - seno haystack - kupka sena headquarters - veden, stYed hospital nurse/male nurse - sestYi ka/bratY ek chemist - chemik chief - n elnk, af chiropodist (kiropodyst) - pedikr in school - ve akolnch letech instructor - instruktor in the field of science - na poli vdy incapacity benefit - invalidn dochod interior designer - bytov nvrhY interpersonal skills - komunika n schopnosti investment - investice jobless - bez prce joiner - truhlY judge - soudce laboratory - laboratoY laboratory assistant - laborant lawyer - prvnk leave - dovolen lecturer - lektor lenght of studies - dlka studi line of business - druh byznysu loan - poj ka locksmith - zme nk log - poleno, klda lumberjack/woodcutter - dYevorubec make a row - hdat se manager - Yeditel, vedouc manual laborer - prce rukama mark - znmka miner - hornk monastery - klater mugger - pYepadva  nanny - chova needlework - ait newsagent - kamelot nun - jeptiaka nursery school/kindergarten - akolka occupation - zamstnn on-the-job training - zaakolen pYi prci optional - voliteln orator - Ye nk overtime hours - pYes as paramedic - zchranY parent-teacher meeting - tYdn schozky pharmacist - lkrnk Physical Training - tlocvik plumber - instalatr politician - politik porter - nosi , vrtn possesion - majetek postman - poaek priest - knz principal - Yeditel private property - soukrom vlastnictv programmer - programtor promotion - povaen psychoterapist - psychoterapeut qualifications - kvalifikace rector(CZ)/ president (US)/Vice Chancellor (UK) - rektor removal man - sthovk reunion - setkn po letech sailor - nmoYnk salary - plat (napY. Yednick) secondary grammar school - gym secondary vocational school - u nk servant - sluha sex education - sexuln vchova shareholder - spoluakcionY shepherd - pastY shop assistant - prodava  scholarship - stipendium school canteen - akoln ~rdelna school of applied art - akola aplikovanho umn school report, certificate / report card (US) - vysvd en school-leaving exam/graduation exam/maturita - maturita sickness benefit - nemocensk singer - zpvk slide/overhead projector - meotar/digitln projektor smith - kovY snack - sv a social benefit - sociln vhody specialisation - zamYen sponge - houba spy - apin staff - personl, zamstnanci staffroom (stfrom) - sborovna stockbroker - maklY student cafeteria - mensa subject - pYedmt substitute for a colleague - supl surveyor - zemmYi  systematical/ly - systematick/y tailor - krej  teach room - kabinet teachers training college - pek technical training college - vysok technick tertiary education - vysokoakolsk vzdln thief - zlodj tightroper - provazochodec timetable - rozvrh to attend sth - navatvovat akolu to be apprenticed to be - bt vyu en m to be broke - bt na mizin to be detained - bt po akole to be hard up - bt ve finan n tsni to be on strike - stvkovat to be well-off - bt zmo~n to burgle/burglar - krst v byt/bytov zlodj to check sth - kontrolovat/opravovat co to collect/harvest - sklidit to copy from sbd - opisovat od koho to defend the dissertation - obhjit doktorskou prci to dismiss/to give a sack - propustit koho to dissect sth - pitvat co to do well at school - bt dobr ve akole to enroll at a univ - zapsat se na univ to excel in - excelovat v em to go bankrupt - zkrachovat to gratuate from - vystudovat co to hold post/position/office - zastvat Yad to cheat - podvdt to invest - investovat to keep sbd in detention - nechat nkoho po akole to pay attention - dvat pozor to plough - orat/pluh to practice - cvi it v praxi to promote sbd - povait koho to requalify - pYeakolit to scold sbd for - zprdnout koho za co to shirk school - ulejvat se ze akoly to slaughter - porazit to stimulate - povzbuzovat to take exams - skldat zkouaky to work a private person - makat pro soukromnka to work for a firm - pracovat pro firmu trade union - odborov svaz traffic warden - dopravn str~nk truner - soustru~nk vicar - farY angl. crkve volunteer - dobrovolnk wage - vplata (napY. dlnick) waiter - ank well-paid - dobYe placen widows pension - vdovsk dochod workshop - pracovky year/form - ro nk ____________________22_housing_my_flat_______________________ *1* Arrangement: - types of houses - typical look of an English house - compare living in a flat/house - compare living in a town/the country - equipment of rooms *2* Vocabulary: answer-phone machine - zznamnk appliance - pYstroj, spotYebi  armchair - kYeslo artificial light - uml osvtlen ashtray - popelnk balcony - balkn banister - zbradl bar of soap - mdlo basement - suteren bath - vana bath towel - ru nk bathroom - koupelna bedroom - lo~nice bedsheet - prostradlo bed-side table - no n stolek blocks of flats - panelky boiler - bojler bookcase - knihovna bowl - miska brick - cihla bungalow - bungalov bunkbed - patrov postel burglar alarm - poplaan zaYzen caretaker/janitor (US) - domovnk ceiling - strop ceiling light - stropn osvtlen cellar - sklep cellar - sklep central/district heating - stYedn/dlkov vytpn clockface - cifernk clothes stand - stojan, vak comb - hYeben cooker - vaYi  cooperative house - in~ovn dom corner - roh corridor - chodba cosmopolitan - kosmopolitn cosy - tuln couch - gau  cuckoo clock - kuka ky cup/mug - alek, hrnek cupboard - kredenc curtain - zclona deep freeze - mrazk deep frier - fritza detached house - samotn rodinn domek dining room - jdelna dishwasher - my ka doormat - roho~ka drapery, drapes - zvs/y drawer - auplk electricity - elektYina entrance - vchod fireplace - krb flat - byt/ploch floor/ground - patro folding couch/daybed (US) - skldac postel food processor - kuchyHsk robot fork - vidli ka french windows - okna od podlahy ke stropu fridge - lednice frying pan - pnev furniture/to be furnished - nbytek/bt vybaven nbytkem gaming club/room - herna garage - gar~ gas, water bill - et za vodu, plyn glass - sklenice groung floor - pYzem guest - host hair dryer - fn host/ess - hostitel/ka housing association - bytov dru~stvo housing estate - sdlk housing shortage - bytov nouze chair - ~idle chandelier - lustr chest of drawers - komoda chimney - komn in the centre of the town/downtown - v centru jaccuzi - bublinov koupel kettle - konvice, kotlk kitchen - kuchyn kitchen spoon - normln l~ce kitchen unit - kuchyHsk linka knife - no~ lamp (lemp) - lampa latchkey - kl  od domovnch dveY laundry - prdelna/apinav prdlo lift/elevator(US) - vtah light bulb - ~rovka lino - lino litter, rubbish, garbage (US) - odpad living room=alounge - obvac pokoj lodger - podnjemnk lodgings - podnjem loft/in the attic - poda/na pod loo/toilet/public conveniences - wecko/zchod/veYejn zchodky luxury - luxus magazine rack (rek) - zsuvky na asopisy manor house - rozlehl sdlo mansion - venkovsk sdlo matress/mattrace - matrace mezzanine - mezipatro microwave oven/oven - mikrovlnn trouba/trouba mirror - zrcadlo mixer - mixr mortgage - hypotka mural - nstnn neighbour/hood - soused/stv notice board - nstnka oil/coal stove - naftov/uheln kamna on the outskirts/uptown - na okraji msta overcrowded - pYelidnn, pYeplnn lidmi pantry - sp~ parquets - parkety phone book - telefonn seznam pillow - polatY plate - talY plug - ztka, ep/zstr ka plywood - pYekli~ka pot - hrnec powerpoint - zsuvka prefab - panel, byt prefabricated house/block of flats - panelk printer - tiskrna pulley - vak push-button entertainment - zbavn elektronika registration number - slo popisn remote controller - dlkov ovlada  removal man - sthovk rent - njemn rocking chair - houpac ~idle rolling pin - vle ek roof(top) - stYecha rubish bin - odpadkov koa rug - krata koberec rural - venkovsk saucepan - rendlk semi-detached house - domek pro 2 rodiny shelf - poli ka shower corner - sprcha/ sprchov kout skyscraper - mrakodrap socket - zsuvka sofa - pohovka spare room - mstnost pro hosty staircase - schodiat step - schod stool - stoli ka structure - budova, struktura study - pracovna suburbs - pYedmst table - stol tablecloth - ubrus tea spoon - ajov l~i ka tea towel - utrka tenant - njemnk terrace - terasa terraced house - spojen domek terry towel - frot ru nk text processor - word three-storeyed - dvoupatrov tidy - uklizen, uklzet to do the laundry - prt apinav prdlo to leave the door ajar - nechat dveYe dokoYn to make the bed - ustlat postel to move - sthovat se to pull down a building - strhnout budovu to reside - sdlit toilet seat - prknko na zchod toothbrush - zubn kart ek tumble dryer - bubnov suai ka vacuum cleaner/hoover - vysava  vase - vza Venetian blinds - ~aluzie villa - vila waffle iron - formy na vafle wall unit - nbytkov stna wallpaper - tapeta wall-to-wall carpet - koberec pYes celou mstnost washbasin/washbowl(US) - umyvadlo washing machine - pra ka wasted-paper basket - koa na papr, odpadky wooden spoon - vaYe ka workshop - dlna yard, back yard  dvor _____________________________23_Hobbies_sports_and_games___________________ *1* Arrangement: -three most typical hobbies in the UK: DIY Gardening Pets -what can we collect? -what are young boys and girls typical hobbies? -danger hobbies=> experimenting, explosives, beating and bulying, extreme sports, sitting in front of a PC all days... -difference between sports x games; indoor x outdoor sports; individual and team sports -examples of winter and summer sports -sport equipment -the importance of sports, your opinion, what sport do you like? *2* Vocabulary: acrobatic - akrobatick let apparatus - cvi ebn nYad aquatics - vodn sporty archery - lukostYelba athletic event (ivent) - atletick disciplna backstroke swimming - znak balance beam - provazochodeck ty  bar - laeka basket - koa bat - tenisov plka belly flop - plack, skok na placka billiards - kule nk block - blok boat - lun, loka boat house - lodnice, hausbt boating man - vodk bob sledge - bob bobsledging - bobovn body building - formovn postavy breaststroke s. - prsa butterfly - motlek canoe - knoe casual clothes - pohodln, voln, sportovn oble en coach - trenr court - tenisov, volejbalov hYiat crawl - kraul crosscountry skiing - bh na ly~ch cue - tgo curling - curling curling stone - kmen na curling darts - aipky defense - obrana diving - potpn diving board/springboard - odrazov mostek downhill skiing - sjezd na ly~ch fan - fanda/vjY fencing - aerm figure skating - krasobruslen football - fotbal v UK football boots - kopa ky free/spare time - voln as games - kolektivn sporty (ty sporty, co se hraj v tmech) goal - branka goalkeeper - brankY goggles - sportovn brle golf club - golfov hole hand stand - stoj na rukou head stand - stojka helmet - helma high jump - skok vysok hockey stick - hokejka hoop - obru  horse race - koHsk dostihy horsewoman - jezdkyn (na koni) hurdle race - pYek~kov bh champion - aampin ice hockey - ledn hokej ice rink - ledov plocha jockey - ~okej judo, karate - d~udo, karate kit - souprava knee-bend - dYep knee-pad - chrni  kolene lacrosse - lakros laurel - vavYnov vnec lawn tennis - tenis na trvnku leisure activity - odpo inkov aktivita leotard - gymnastick dres life guard - plav k line - lajna long jump - skok dalek marathon - maraton mat - podlo~ka, roho~ka match - zpas modeling - modelYstv mountaineering - horolezectv net - se nine pins - ku~elky oar - veslo offense - tok opponent - oponent paddle - pdlo, pdlovat parachute/ist - padk/paraautista participant - astnk piked shoes - tretry pilot - pilot plimsolls/sneakers - tenisky pole - holka pole vault - skok o ty i puck (pak) - puk push-up - klik rapids - peYeje raquet - raketa Ready-steady-go! - PYipravit-pozor-start! referee - fotbalov rozhod  reverse - zloha rider/driver - jezdec rings - kruhy running - bhn saddle - sedlo sand - psek sauna (saune) - sauna scuba diving - potpn s bombou servis - podn shot put - vrh koul sit-up - sedleh skates - brusle ski jumping - skoky na ly~ch skittle - ku~elka snowboarding - jzda na snowboardu soccer - fotbal v USA speedskating - rychlobruslen spike - hrot, bodec sport dress - sportovn dres sport facility - sportoviat, sportovn vybaven sports - sporty sprinting - sprint squash - skvoa stadium - stadion stamp book (1st class, 2nd class) - kn~ka na poatovn znmky starting line - startovn ra steeplechase - Velk pardubick symbol of 5 rings - symbol olympijskch kruho t.: Hammer - vrh kladivem t.: Javelin - vrh oatpem throwing: Harddiscus - vrh diskem ticket - vstupenka tie - remza to do crosswords - luatit kY~ovky to drop to xth place - spadnout na x-t msto to equalize - dopadnout nerozhodn to lean forwards - pYedklonit se to sail - plachtit se to toss a coin - hodit si minc top-level sportsman - vrcholov sportovec triple jump - trojskok trophy - trofej umpair - rozhod  u volejbalu, tenisu... (ten, kter sed na vyvaen seda ce) walking - choze wallbars - ~ebYiny warm-up exercises - zahYvac cviky wax - vosk weight lifting - zdvihn inek wire mask - aermYsk helma wrestling (resling) - wrestling x-metre run/walk - choze/bh na x metro yachting (jtink) - plachtaYen yoga  jga __________________________24_travelling_holidays____________________________ *1* Arrangement: - differences between travelling by car/bus/train - advantages and disadvantages of having your own car - means of transport: by air: Airplane, chopper/helicopter by land: Cycling, skateboard, on foot, underground, to ride sth, car, train (dining car, sleeping car...) , bus, motorbike, trike, scooter by sea: Ferry, submarine, hoovercraft, raft, canoe, speedboat, yacht, windsurf - description of travelling by plane (buying air ticket, to be there several hours before, use a trolley for luggage, to go to the check-in desk, to check in (passport, ticket), 20 kg suitcase, to receive a boarding card (seat, gate), go through passport control and screening (security check), go to departure lounge (with duty free shops and departure boards - delays..), on a plane=> there are cabin crew - flight attendants=>shows what to do in danger (exits, rescue masks), pilots, you can buy refreshments, must fasten seatbelts, use overhead compartment for hand luggage, should chew a chewing gum, you can buy some newspapers, use air conditioning; you must switch off electronic appliances, mustn t smoke, you need to have a landing card somewhere (with a purpose of visit) - description of my holiday, trip... *2* Vocabulary: aboard - na palub abroad - do zahrani  acommodation - ubytovn air conditioning - vtrn aisle - uli ka (v dopr. prostYedku) art capitals - hlavn msta umn automatic car - auto s automatickou pYevodovkou BnB (bed and brakfast) - penzion s polopenz backpack - ruksak berth - pYstaviat/flek/lo~ko ve vlaku boot - bota/kufr u auta brake - brzda buffet car - jdeln voz camp - tbor, tboYit capsule - kabina car-park (UK)/parking lot (US) - parkoviat carriage - ko r, povoz, vagn cart - povoz clutch - spojka cockpit - kokpit commuter - doj~djc connection - spoj conveyor belt - posuvn liata na zavazadla corner/window seat - okno v rohu/u oknka cottage/hut - chata couchette - lehtko ve vlaku crossing - pYechod, pYeplav crossroad - kYi~ovatka custom official - celnk customs - hrani n pYechod customs inspection - celn kontrola descent - klesn, pokles destination - destinace, cl cesty door-to-door transport - doprava ode dveY ke dveYm driving licence - Yidi k duty free shops - hrani n bezdaHov obhody en-suite room - pokoj s koupelnou exotic - exotick express train - express ferry - trajekt flight attendant - letuch/letuaka front/rear - pYedn/zadn fuel - palivo fuselage - trup letadla garbage bin - popelnice gasoline (US) - benzn goods - zbo~ guest-house - penzion harbor - pYstav hiking - pa turistika hitch&hike - stopovat chambermaid - pokojsk check-in desk - odbavovac pYep~ka cheque for - aek na in reverse - na zpte ku inquiry about - dotaz, vyptvat se jet plane - trysk  junction - kYi~ovatka, uzel leeway - ztrta asu/manvrovac prostor locomotive - lokomotiva lorry (UK)/truck (US) - nklak lounge - hala mail van - poatovn nklak motorway (UK)/highway (US) - dlnice non-smoking compartment - oddlen pro nekuYky occupied/vacant - obsazeno/volno on horseback - na koni overdue - zpo~dn, opo~dn overseas - za moYe, do zahrani  passenger - pasa~r path - stezka, cesta pedestrian/passer-by - chodec, kolemjdouc petrol - benzn petrol (UK)/gas (US) station - pumpa public transport - veYejn doprava rack - police na zavazadla rails - koleje railway station - ndra~ return ticket - obousmrn jzdenka roundabout - kruhov objezd rush hour - dopravn api ka seat - sedadlo seatbelts - bezpe nostn psy security - bezpe nost sidecar - sajtkra sidewalk(US)/pavement(UK) - chodnk single ticket (UK)/one way ticket (US) - jednosmrn jzdenka slippery - kluzk slope - pYevaen/pokles souvenir - suvenr spare wheel/tyre - nhradn pneumatika speeding - rychl jzda steam - pra stearing wheel - volant subway - podchod suntan - oplen Sluncem supersonic - nadzvukov tent - stan the rear of - z (napY. letadla) the seaside - moYe, u moYe the tube - londnsk metro ticket collector - provod  timetable - rozvr~en tractor - traktor to break the speed limit - pYekro it povolenou rychlost to bump into sth - narazit do eho to cash cheques - proplcet aeky to commute - doj~dt to depart - odjet to fasten - upnout si, zapnout se to fine, fine - pokutovat, pokuta to flow - tci/plavit se to have a puncture - pchnout gumu to have a skid - dostat smyk to hold up/got stuck in a traffic jam - zostat v zcp to keep the change - nechat si drobn to land - pYistt to land up in a ditch - skon it v pYkop to navigate/navigation - navigovat/navigace to overlook sth - pYehldnout co to overtake - pYedj~dt to put sbd up - nechat koho pYespat to run sbd over - pYejet koho to set off on a journey - vydat se na cestu to slope down - sva~ovat se to sunbathe - opalovat se to wander - putovat, bloudit to wreck - ztroskotat/vrak tour agency/ tour agent - cestovka/ cestovk track - trae traffic jam - dopravn zcpa traffic lights - pouli n osvtlen traffic signs - dopravn zna ky trail - paina train conductor - strojvodce trolley - vozk tunnel - tunel under the stars - pod airkem vacation - przdniny, dovolen van - nklak vehicle - vozidlo visa - vzum visitor - nvatvnk wagon - vagn wanderlust - chue dlek _______________25_theatre_cinema_TV_radio_music_press_____ *1* Arrangement: -description of visiting theatre and of the theatre itself (places to sit: the stalls, dress circle, upper circle, gallery, in the box (for VIPs)) -differences between theatres and cinemas, my personal preference and opinions -commercials and advertisement -danger of some programmes (violent films, soap popperas..) -addiction to TV -differences between state x private channels, channels in the Czech Republic -my favourite play and movie, my favourite TV programme, music band... -how do we divide musical instruments? (wind=>brass/wooden; string, percussion) -how do we divide newspapers? : 1)Serious=broadsheets - The Times, The Independent, The Guardian 2)Popular=tabloids - The Sun, The Globe *2* Vocabulary: (to) tune - melodie/npv/ladit admission - vstupn advertisement - inzerce, reklama (v novinch) album, record - album allegory - alegorie allusion to sth - aluze na co anecdote - anekdota, vtip animated cartoons - kreslen pYbhy applause - aplaus article - lnek atlas - atlas author - autor backstage - zkulis backstage pass - propustka do zkulis balet (beljt) - balet ballad - balada band/group - skupina banjo - ben~o bass (guitar) - basa (baskytara) bow tie/tie - motlek/kravata box office hit - kasovn trhk broadcast - vysln bugle - trubka cable TV - kabelov televize capo - kapodastr carol - koleda cartoon - karikatura, krtk komiksov strip cast - hereck obsazen clarinet - klarinet classic - klasik, klasick classical/serious music - v~n hudba clothroom - pYevlkrna, aatna colloquial/ism - hovorov/ovost commercial - reklama (v TV, v rdiu) communication - komunikace compilation - kompilace composer - skladatel compositor - saze  conductor - dirigent controversial - kontroverzn cookery/cook (US) - kuchaYka costume - kostm critic - kritik crowd scenes - hromadn scny curtain - opona/zclona depict/ion - vyl it/en digression - odchylka, odbo ka drum - buben dubbed film - nadabovan film earplug - apunt do ua edition - vydn editorial - vodnk editor-in-chief - afredaktor encyclopedia - encyklopedie entertainment - zbavn poYady evening gown - ve ern rba exhibition - vstava farfisa - farfisa festival - festival fiction - krsn literatura fictitious - fiktivn first-run film/premiere - premira flute - fltna folk literature - lidov literatura foreword - vodn slovo frame story - rmcov soubor romno fret - pra~ec frontman - frontmen furcoat - norkov ko~ich gig - koncert, vystoupen guiro - akrabka guitar - kytara harmonium - harmonium harp - harfa hit parade - hitparda cha cha - a a chapter - kapitola chime - zvonkohra, vyzvnn choir - sbor chord - akord chorus - refrn illegible - ne iteln in advance - s pYedstihem, dopYedu interviewer/interviewee - zpovdajc/dotazovan introduction - vod it reads well - te se to skvle Its worth reading - stoj to za pYe ten journalist - novinY juvenile literature - knihy pro mlad liaison - spoluprce lonely hearts column - seznamka lottery - loterie lullaby - ukolbavka mass - mae massmedium/massmedia - masov medium/mdia measure - rytmus/mra, rozmr memoirs - pamti metaphor - metafora, metaforovat mixed feelings - smaen pocity motif (meutyf) - motiv musical - opereta musical instrument - hudebn nstroj narrate/narration/narrator/narrative - vyprvt/n/ /vc nickname - pYezdvka novel - romn oboe - hoboj on TV - v televizi opera - opera organ/mouth organ - varhany/harmonika orchestra - orchestr paragraph - odstavec pathos - patos photographer - fotograf pipe organ - kosteln varhany playwright/dramatist - dramatik plot - zpletka poet/ry - bsnk/poezie printing press - tiskaYsk dlna, tiskrna props - rekvizity publicity - publicita puppet - loutka quote/quotation - citovat/citace reader - korektor reel - filmov psek rehearsal - zkouaka reporter - reportr rhyme - rm role - role rumba - rumba satellite - satelit saxophone - saxofn scenery - scenrie screen - pltno, obrazovka/odvyslat scripture/s - skriptum/ta self-deprecating parody - parodie sama na sebe serial - seril session - shrom~dn, sezen setting - djiat shot - zbr silent film - nm film single - singl sitar - sitr sketch - skica slow-moving story - pozvolna se odvjejc pYbh song - pseH spy novel - apion~n romn stage - jeviat standing ovation - ovace ve stoje string - struna stuntman - kaskadr subtitles - titulky synthetizer - syntetizr table of contents - obsah tale - pohdka tango - tango tenor - tenor/znn, smysl the message - vklad, poselstv title - nzev to act - hrt v n em to advertise - inzerovat to applaud sth - nadaen tleskat emu to be called out - bt vyvoln na pdium to be centred on the theme of... - mt ve stYedu tma eho to conclude/sion - shrnout/shrnut, zvr to contribute/contribution - vnovat/vnovn to enrich - obohatit to entitle - nazvat, dt nzev to film - filmovat to give a vivid decription of... - dvat ~iv popis eho to give encores - dvat pYdavky to graduate - stupHovat se to have an ear for music - mt hudebn sluch to hum - broukat si to introduce - uvst, zavst to make no demands - bt nenro n to portray - zobrazovat, zachycovat to publish - zveYejnit to read music - umt noty to retrospect - vracet se do minulosti to ring - zvonit, znt to ring string - brnknout o strunu to shoot a film - vypustit film to sing/sang/sung - zpvat to tell a story - vyprvt pYbh to whistle - pskat, paealka track - nahrvka, pseH travelogue - cestomnie tremolo - tremolo trombone - trombn trumpet - trumpeta tuner - ladi ka typist - psaY un/readable - ne/ tiv usher/ette - uvad /ka verse - sloka Viennese waltz - waltz violin/violoncello - housle/violoncello waistcoat (veistkout) - vesta k obleku warning to motorists - dopravn zpravodajstv western  western _____________djepis_zempis____ (un)disputed - (ne)korunovan abbey - opatstv abolition - zruaen aboriginal people - povodn obyvatelstvo AD - naaeho letopo tu affair - afra agitation - agitace air strike - nlet ally - spojenec ancestor (ensestr) - pYedchodce anthracite (entrasajt) - antracit appointed for life - do~ivotn jmenovn arid/humid/semi-arid conditions - aridn/humidn/semiaridn podmnky arsenal - arzenl, zsobrna banner - prapor Belgian - Belg bicameral - dvoukomorov breack - prolom bunker - bunkr but it wasnt (until) ... that... - ale trvalo (do) ..., ne~ ... catapult - katapult citizen - ob an clay - jl climate (klajmet) - klima coastal - pobYe~n column - sloupec combat - boj constitutional monarchy - konstitu n monarchie contemporary - sou asn coronation - korunovace Creatia - Krta crest - pohoY, horsk hYeben crevice - puklina, atrbina dam - pYehrada Dane - Dn decade - desetilet degree - stupeH depth - hloubka disarmament - odzbrojen drained - vyschl, vysuaen drift - proud duke - vvoda dynastic wedding - dynastick sHatek dynasty - dynastie earthquake - zemtYas embassy/embassadant - velvyslanectv/velvyslanec empress - csaYovna engineering industry - strojn promysl establishment - zYzen excavations - vykopvky fjord - fjord foreign affairs - zahrani n vci founder - zakladatel founding member - zakldajc len gang - oddl, banda, geng general - generl geographical position - zempisn poloha gipsy/Romany - Romov glacial lake - ledovcov jezero gold rush - zlat hore ka house - rod (dom, sdlo, firma) hurricane - hurikn chilly - ledov, studen Chinese - nsk in a row - za sebou in remembrance of sth - v pamtku eho in the ocean - v ocenu instability - nestabilita interior - vnitrozemsk international - mezinrodn island/isle (ajl) - ostrov Jew - }id kaolin (kejolin) - kaoln lake district - jezern oblast latitude/parallel - rovnob~ka layer - vrstva legend - legenda lignite (lignajt) - lignit limestone - vpenec loch - jezero (ve Skotsku) lowland - n~ina map - mapa maritime - pYmoYsk martyr - mu ednk mayor - starosta megalith/ic - megalit/ick meridian - polednk metallurgy - metalurgie might - moc mild (majld) climate - mrn klima mist/y - opar/ml~n monarchy - monarchie Mongolia - Mongolsko moor - blata, vYesoviat mountain range - pohoY mudslide/landslide - sesuvy pody nation - nrod Norwegian - Nor on the throne - na tron pagan - pohan paper mills - paprenstv patron saint - svat patron peace treaty - mrov smlouva peak/top/summit - vrchol peninsula - poloostrov Pennines - Apeniny petroleum - ropa, nafta plantation - plant~ Pole - Polk potash - potaa princess - princezna protectorate - protektort puppet government - loutkov re~im quarry - lom rank - Yada, aik ration - vle n pYdl refugee - uprchlk reign of... - vlda koho republic - republika rivalry - soupeYen, poty ka rugged - rozeklan rumours - ruiny sandy - ps it sea level - hladina moYe sermon - kzn shelter - kryt Silesia (sajlzija) - Slezsko slavery - otroctv Slovak - Slovk sovereign - suvernn Spaniard - `panl spot/location - poloha standing stones - vzty en kameny surface - povrch Swede (swid) - `vd tax - dan temperate - mrn territory - teritorium the Allies - spojenci (II.SV) the Alps - Alpy the continent - Evropa the Crimea (krajmja) - Krym the English Channel - La Manche The Gulf Stream - Golfsk proud the indigenous people - pov., domorod obyvatel the Leaning tower - aikm v~ the Mediterranean Sea - StYedozemn moYe the poverty line - hranice chudoby the Pyrenees (pyrens) - Pyreneje the right of discovery - prvo objevitele the Ukraine - Ukrajina throne - tron ti immigrate/ion - imigrovat/ce tip - konec, okraj to assault - pYepad, pYepadnout/tok to be beheaded - bt seat to be rationed - bt na pYdl to be vital to sth - kl ov pro... to bring about a revolution - projt revoluc to confiscate - konfiskovat to cover an area - zabrat msto to crush - zni it, rozdrtit/potla it to declare independence - vyhlsit nezvislost to die out by the sword - vymYt po me i to discover sth - objevit co to emigrate/ion - emigrovat/ce to federate - spojit se, vytvoYit federaci to impoverish - zchudnout to incorporate - zahrnout, za lenit to inhabit/inhabitant - osdlit/obyvatel to map sth - zmapovat co to stand for in elections - kandidovat na koho to suppress - potla it to take control of sth - pYevzt kontrolu nad m to verge - hrani it s tornado/es - torndo/tornda treaty - dohoda, smlouva triumvirate - triumvirt Turk - Turek valley (veli) - dol volcano/es - sopka/sopky war over sth - vlka o co withdrawal - stup x.century saw ... as ... - xt stolet naalo koho jako co Zero meridian - Nult polednk zinc  zinek ___________________lid_lidsk_vlastnosti____________ (un)reliable - (ne)spolehliv admirable - obdivuhodn affectation - pYetvYka ambition - cti~dost, ambice appearance - vzhled, zjev ardent - vaniv, zaplen ashamed - zahanben attractive/unattractive - atraktivn/neatraktivn awful - hnusn bad habit - zlozvyk bald - holohlav bastard - hajzl, panchart be fond of gossip - bt drbna beautiful - krsn beggar - chuas bespectacled - obrlen blame - vina, hana bold - troufal, state n bony - kostnat bore/dom - nuas/nuda brave - odv~n brilliant - skvl, inteligentn, vyjme n buck teeth - zaje  zuby, hlodky, pYedkus bun - drdol bustling - kypc careful - pe liv casual - ledabyl, neformln cautious - opatrn, uv~liv cheerful - vesel, rozjaYen classy - vytYben closed against - uzavYen pYed clumsy - t~kopdn, nemotorn common sense - selsk rozum composed - slo~it comradeship - kamardstv, soudr~nost conceit - domalivost, jeaitnost conceited - domaliv, jeaitn conceited - domaliv, jeaitn confidence - sebevdom consistent - zsadov contented - spokojen coolly - bohmsky, machrovsky cross - mrzut, nevldn cunning - mazanost, lstivost, prohnanost/ mazan, lstiv, prohnan curious about sth - zvdav na co custom - nrodn zvyklost cynical - cynick daydreams - snlkovstv desperate - zoufal despise - opovrhovat determined - odhodlan dignity - dostojnost dis/obedient - posluan disabled - posti~en dogged - umrnn, zatrpkl doting - pYsn dutiful - Ydn, svdomit eager - horliv, dychtiv earnest - serizn, vrouc eccentric/ity - excentrik/ nost egoistic - egoistick elder - postara, stara embarrased - ztrapnn embarrasing - trapn emotion/al - emoce/ionln energetic - energick envy/ious - zvist/iv excitement - vzruaen experience/d - zkuaenost/n famous for sth - slavn pro co fascinating - fascinujc formal/informal - formln/neformln foul - hnusn, sprost frantic - magor, alen frenzy - alen, nepY etn furious - nasran, roz~haven dobla fuss/y - povyk/zmatkY fussy - tip top generous - atdr glutton - nenasyta, hltoun good-looking - dobYe vypadajc good-natured - dobrosrde n graceful - povabn, jiskrn grand - velkolep grateful - vd n greed - hrabivost grief-stricken - skl en guy/bloke/chap - tpek, chlpek habit - zvyk handsome/pretty - hezk/hezk handy - aikovn, zru n happiness/happy - vesel/aeastn hard-working - pracovit headlong - po hlav, horempdem, ukvapen hilarious - k popukn homesick - stesk po domov honest - estn, poctiv hospitable - pohostinn hypocrite/isy/itical - pokrytec/tv/k charming - aarmantn cheeky - drz childish - dtinsk im/patient - ne/trpliv impertubable - nenechvajc se vyruait impudent - drz, nestydat in a terrible mood - v pYaern nlad in/ability - ne/schopnost in/dependent/ce - ne/zvisl/ost indifferent - nerozliaen, indiferentn indulgent - vldn, shovvav innocence/innocent - nevina/nevinn innovative - inovativn in/sensitive - ne/citliv insulted - ura~en interest - zjem, zliba, kon ek interruption - pYeruaen ir/resolute - nedosledn/rzn irony - ironie jealous/y of sth - ~rlivost/iv na co jolly - vesel, radostn joy - radost joyful - radostn, zbavn keen on - nadaen z eho killjoy - kaziauk kind/unkind - hodn/zl kind of sbd - hezk od koho lenient - shovvav liar - lhY light-weight, light-hearted - lehkov~n likeable - sympatick loveable - roztomil loyal/ty - oddan/oddanost marvellous - bo~sk, velkolep mellow - vyzrl messy - nepoYdn mischievous - nezbedn, rozpustil modest/immodest - skromn/neskromn moral - morln naive/te - naivn/ita nasty - nechutn, hnusn naughty - oakliv, zlobiv nerd - eulpas, podivn, blbe ek neurotic - neurotick nice - hodn noiseful - hlu n numb - otupl, necitliv obsession - posedlost obstinate/stubborn - pali at opinion - nzor outgoing - dru~n painful - bolestiv/trapn peaceful - mrumilovn perverse - zvrcen plain - promrn vypadajc, nepYlia hezk polite/impolite - zdvoYil/nezdvoYil posh - nbl powerful - mocn, siln prejudice - pYedsudek pride - pcha prominent - prominentn, vzna n proud of - pyan na co punctual - pYesn, dochviln punctual - punti kYsk quarrelsome - hdav, haateYiv queer - divn querulous - nevrl, mrzoutsk rabid - zuYiv, vztekl (jako pes) reckless - bezstarostn, lehkomysln reluctant - neochotn, zdrhav resent - odpor resentful - zhnusen reserved - rezervovan respected - respektovan responsible for sth - zodpovdn za co reverend - reverend/ctihodn ridiculous - sman rigid - nepoddajn, nepYizposobiv rude to - hrub, nesluan, neotesan na rugged - drsoH sanity, in/sane - pY etnost, ne/pY etn sarcastic - sarkastick self-centred - sebestYedn selfish/ness - sobeck/kost self-sacrifice - obtavost serious - v~n showy - okzal shy - plach silent/ce - tich/ticho simple manner - pYirozen chovn sincere - upYmn skill/ed - dovednost, zru nost/n skinny - vyzbl, huben slovenly - lajdck, ledabyl sly - vychytral, prohnan sociable - spole ensk social climber - aplhoun solitary/solitude - osaml/samota sophisticated - se tl, vzdlan, oduaevnl speechless - neschopn slova spendthift - rozhazova n lovk spirit - duch, duae spleen - spln, melancholie spoiled - zka~en, rozmazlen spontaneous - spontnn steadfast - stl, pevn, neochvjn stern - pYsn, stroh stingy - lakom, skrbliv strenuous - usilvon, sna~iv strict - pYsn subtile - jemn, subtiln superficial - povrchn sure about - jist m sympathetic - sympatick talkative - povdav tasteful - vkusn tasteless - bez chuti teachers pet - anln speleolog, rektln alpinista tender - jemn, kYehk terrible/horrible - pYaern, dsn terrified/horrified - vydaen thick hair - hust vlasy timid - plach, nesml tireless/ly - nenavn/n to be choosy, particular about sth - bt vybrav v em to be penniless - bt avorc to boast - 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