ࡱ> JLI bjbjWW 40== BBBBBVVVV,TVP)((((((($H+-(B(BB )iii BB(i(ii&|w(Й  {'( )0P)'.|.$w(.Bw(Di((A(P). : Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Reasoning StageMoral Reasoning PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL Individuals make moral decisions on the basis of what is best for themselves, without regard for the needs or feeling of others. They obey rules only if established by more powerful individuals; they disobey when they can do so without getting caught Example: Paco shouldnt steal from the drugstore because he would go to jail if he got caught.Stage 1 Punishment-avoidance and obedienceStage 2 Exchange of favors Individuals begin to recognize that others also have needs; they may attempt to satisfy the needs of others if their own needs are met in the process. They continue to define right & wrong in terms of consequences to themselves Example: Paco should steal from the drug store because the owner of the store is being greedy by charging so much.  CONVENTIONAL LEVEL Individuals make moral decisions on the basis of what actions will please others, especially authority figures; concerned with maintaining interpersonal relationships through sharing, trust & loyalty. They now consider someone's intentions in determining innocence or guilt. Example: Paco should steal from the drug store because thats what a devoted husband would do. Stage 3 Good boy/good girlStage 4 Law and order Individuals look to society as a whole for guidelines concerning what is right or wrong. They perceive rules to be inflexible and believe that it is their "duty" to obey them. Example: Paco should not steal from the drug store because it would be against the law and Paco has a duty to uphold the law.  POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL  Individuals recognize that rules represent an agreement among many people about appropriate behavior. They recognize that rules are flexible and can be changed if they no longer meet society's needs. Example: Paco should steal from the drug store because his obligation to save his wifes life must take precedence over his obligation to respect the pharmacists property rights. Stage 5 Social ContractStage 6 Universal ethical Principle Individuals adhere to a small number of abstract, universal principles that transcend specific, concrete rules. They answer to an inner conscience & may break rules that violate their own ethical principles. 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