ࡱ> _ Tbjbj 5\5\LfffffzzzzD|zrAn:@@@@@@@$BEtAf"Aff,Aff@@6;= Ev;@BA0rA; FK F8== FfM@AA/rA F> ,: THE BRAIN  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  Parietal Lobe plays important role in: integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, knowledge of numbers and their relations, manipulation of objects portions of parietal lobe are involved with visuospatial processing  HYPERLINK "file:///C:\\Documents%20and%20Settings\\Jillian\\My%20Documents\\My%20Videos\\RealPlayer%20Downloads\\Brain%20Mind%20Lecture%204%20%20The%20Parietal%20Lobe,%20Body%20Image,%20Neglect,%20Phantom%20Limbs,%20etc.flv" \t "_blank" video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7hq47Rf2eY Video Questions (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7hq47Rf2eY): List 4 functions the parietal lobe mediates. _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ What visual field does the parietal lobe receive information from? _____________________________________________ What does the parietal lobe watch? _____________________________________________ If you wake up in the middle of the night, why might you not know, until you move them, where your arms and/or legs are? ______________________________________________________________ What does the left half of the parietal lobe maintain an image of? _____________________________________________ What does the right half of the parietal lobe maintain an image of? _____________________________________________ If you had a left parietal injury, why might you still be able to recognize your right hand? ______________________________________________________________ If you had a massive stroke that destroyed the right hemisphere of the parietal lobe, what would you lose? _____________________________________________________________ What might people report if they damage the right parietal lobe? _____________________________________________________________ What is this called? _____________________________________________ What might a patient suffering from right parietal damage draw when asked to draw a clock? If a person had a tumor pressing against a part of the parietal lobe, what might the person feel? _____________________________________________ What is hysteria? _____________________________________________________________ What is phantom limb? ____________________________________________________________ Why does phantom limb occur? _____________________________________________________________ Why might a person feel like his hand is sticking right out of his shoulder? _____________________________________________________________ What is the worst thing about phantom limb? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Who is more likely to experience phantom limb pain younger people or older people? _____________________________________________________________ What might be involved in body image distortions such as a skinny person who feels fat? _____________________________________________________________ What is the problem with this theory of anorexia? _____________________________________________________________ The parietal lobe is often referred to as the lobe of the _____________. What is apraxia? _____________________________________________________________ If a person has a left parietal lobe injury, how what might be a result (give an example)? _____________________________________________________________ If a person has a right parietal lobe damage, what might result and what is this called? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What if the damage was fairly mild? __________________________________________________________________ Define the following: Agraphia: ___________________________________________________ Alexia: ____________________________________________________ Dislexia: _________________________________________________ Acalculia: _________________________________________________ Disnomia: _________________________________________________ Anomia: _________________________________________________ What is the Angular Gyrus? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Frontal Lobe Play a part in impulse control, judgment, language production, working memory, motor function, problem solving, sexual behavior, socialization, and spontaneity. Assist in planning, coordinating, controlling, and executing behavior. People with damaged frontal lobes may experience problems with these aspects of cognitive function, being at times impulsive; impaired in their ability to plan and execute complex sequences of action or change actions when a change is needed. Dopamine-sensitive neurons found primarily in the frontal lobes -- associated with pleasure, long-term memory, planning and drive -- involve the ability to recognize consequences of behaviour, to choose between good and bad actions, suppress unacceptable social responses (damage often leads to socially unacceptable behaviour) Area: Broca's area is a section of the brain involved in  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_processing" \o "Language processing" \t "_blank" language  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_processing" \o "Language processing" \t "_blank" processing,  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communication" \o "Speech communication" \t "_blank" speech production and comprehension People suffering from damage to this area may show a condition called  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca%27s_aphasia" \o "Broca's aphasia" \t "_blank" Broca's aphasia, which makes them unable to create grammatically-complex sentences: their telegraphic speech often contains little but content words. Patients are usually aware that they cannot speak properly. Comprehension is relatively normal. For example, in the following passage, a Broca's aphasic patient is trying to explain how he came to the hospital for dental surgery: "Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... (his own name), and Dad.... er... hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday, nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth... yah."  HYPERLINK "file:///C:\\Documents%20and%20Settings\\Jillian\\My%20Documents\\My%20Videos\\RealPlayer%20Downloads\\Brain%20Mind%20Lecture%203%20Frontal%20Lobes%20%20Lobotomy%20Catatonia%20Mania.flv" \t "_blank" frontal lobe video  HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJxPrcJTumI" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJxPrcJTumI Video Questions: If you lost part of your LEFT frontal lobe, what ability would you use? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why might people who have Brocas/Expressive aphasia not lose the ability to pray or to sing? __________________________________________________________________ What would a person look like if his/her Brocas area is damaged? __________________________________________________________________ What is Catatonia and what lobe is it associated with? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What are frozen panic states? __________________________________________________________________ What is the first part of the brain affected by alcohol? __________________________________________________________________ Why does this make people do things they might normally not do? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What is Freemans frontal lobotomy? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What happened to Rosemary Kennedy through a frontal lobotomy? __________________________________________________________________ What did wives of men who had frontal lobotomies complain of? __________________________________________________________________ What else would people who have had this procedure do? __________________________________________________________________ After massive damage, what eventually happens to people? __________________________________________________________________ Why is the frontal lobe the senior executive of the brain? a. ________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________ The limbic system contains the impulse system of the brain. When the limbic system wants to do something, how does the frontal lobe react? __________________________________________________________________ How did the very conservative patient change when he had right frontal lobe stroke? __________________________________________________________________ What delusions did the woman who had right frontal damage respond to right frontal damage? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What kind of behaviour did the man who had shot out his frontal lobe display? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What was the mans IQ at the time he entered therapy? __________________________________________________________________ What is another term for repeating words or phrases? __________________________________________________________________ What might be related to perseveration? __________________________________________________________________ Why are children impulsive? __________________________________________________________________ Notes: The Left frontal lobe has an excitatory function The Right frontal lobe has an inhibitory function IF the left frontal lobe is damaged, what might they become emotionally? __________________________________________________________________ If the right frontal lobe is damaged, what might a person develop? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What is tangential speech? __________________________________________________________________ What is confabulation? __________________________________________________________________ How is this related to frontal lobe? __________________________________________________________________ Temporal Lobe involved in auditory processing. It is also heavily involved in semantics (meaning) both in speech and vision. contains the hippocampus responsible for storing practical information into long term information contain amygdala which stores emotional information into long term memory The underside of the temporal cortices are involved in high-level visual processing of complex stimuli such as faces and scenes. The medial temporal lobes (near the Sagittal plane that divides left and right hemispheres) are thought to be involved in episodic/declarative memory. Wernickes area Wernickes area, which spans the region between temporal and parietal lobes, plays a key role (with Broca's area). Functions of the left temporal lobe extend to comprehension, naming, verbal memory and other language functions. Sound processing is controlled by the temporal lobes- in the Brocas area and Wernickes area. Wernickes Aphasia: this condition results in an impairment of language comprehension and in speech that has a natural-sounding rhythm and a relatively normal syntax, but otherwise has no recognizable meaning (a condition sometimes called fluent or jargon aphasia). Speech is preserved, but language content is incorrect. This may vary from the insertion of a few incorrect or nonexistent words to a profuse outpouring of jargon. Grammar, syntax, rate, intonation and stress are normal. Example: I called my mother on the television and did not understand the door. It was too breakfast, but they came from far to near. My mother is not too old for me to be young.  HYPERLINK "file:///C:\\Documents%20and%20Settings\\Jillian\\My%20Documents\\psychology2\\the%20brain\\Brain%20Lecture%205%20Temporal%20Lobe%20Schizophrenia%20Hallucination.flv" \t "_blank" Temporal Lobe video  HYPERLINK "http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3077003381220563241#" http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3077003381220563241# Video Questions: What two limbic structures are located in the temporal lobe? ________________________________ ________________________________ What kinds of functions do the temporal lobes serve? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ What kinds of problems might you see with abnormalities in temporal lobe? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ When the man fell off his horse, banging his head on a tree, what did he start doing? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What lobe did he have damage to? ________________________________________________________________________ What else, other than shaking or banging the head, can cause temporal lobe injury? ____________________________________________________ What types of delusions of grandeur are caused by left temporal lobe damage? ________________________________________________________________________ What part of the brain is involved in this? ________________________________________________________________________ IF you have massive damage in left temporal area, what ability would you lose and what is this called? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What might this be confused with? ________________________________________________________________________ What is called when people with Wernickes damage talk nonsense? ________________________________________________________________________ What does Agnosagnosia mean? ________________________________________________________________________ What kind of schizophrenia would you get with left temporal lobe damage? ________________________________________________________________________ What kind of hallucinations are most common in temporal lobe damage? ________________________________________________________________________ What types of these hallucinations are the worst? ________________________________________________________________________ What might you hear if you stimulate the RIGTH temporal lobe? ________________________________________________________________________ What kind of information does the RIGHT temporal lobe store? ________________________________________________________________________ What does the hippocampus do? ________________________________________________________________________ What does the amygdala store into long-term memory? ________________________________________________________________________ What two phenomena draw from the depositories that the amygdala and hippocampus have stored? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ What happens if the right temporal lobe is damaged? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What would the left temporal lobe recognize? ________________________________________________________________________ What is prosopagnosia? ________________________________________________________________________ What might this give rise to? ________________________________________ What research did Penfield do and what did he find out? ________________________________________________________________________ What is a small hallucination called? ___________________________________ What is a huge hallucination called? ___________________________________ What visual fields do the temporal lobes watch? ________________________________________________________ What temporal lobe produces the most profound hallucinations? ___________________________ What is paradoxical sleep? ________________________________________________ What temporal lobe do you see activity in during dreaming? ____________________________________ What happens with your eyes during dream sleep? ____________________________________ During non REM sleep, where is the activity? _____________________________________ Why is dj vu more common during childhood? ________________________________________________________________________ What is another possibility? ________________________________________________________________________ What is lucid dreaming? ________________________________________________________________________ Why might the alam clock be incorporated into a dream we are having? ________________________________________________________________________ Cerebellum region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output. Many neural pathways link the cerebellum with the motor cortexwhich sends information to the muscles causing them to moveand the spinocerebellar tractwhich provides feedback on the position of the body in space (proprioception). The cerebellum integrates these pathways, using the constant feedback on body position to fine tune motor movements. observations during the 18th century indicated that patients with cerebellar damage show problems with motor coordination and movement Research in 19th century suggested the cerebellum was a motor control structure. modern research shows that the cerebellum has a broader role in a number of key cognitive functions, including attention and the processing of language, music, and other sensory temporal stimuli. The Brain Stem Three main functions: conduit functions: all information related from the body to the cerebrum and cerebellum and vice versa, must traverse the brain stem: pain and temperature sensation, touch,  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprioception" \o "Proprioception" \t "_blank" proprioception and pressure sensation. Second, cranial nerves 3-12 emerge from the brain stem. Third, the brain stem has integrative functions (it is involved in cardiovascular system control, respiratory control, pain sensitivity control, alertness and consciousness). Diseases of the brainstem can result to abnormalities in the function of cranial nerves which may lead to visual disturbances, pupil abnormalities, changes in sensation, muscle weakness, hearing problems, vertigo, swallowing and speech difficulty, voice change and co-ordination problems. The brain stem plays a vital role in basic attention, arousal, and consciousness. All information to and from our body passes through the brain stem on the way to or from the brain. brain stem is located in an area near bony protrusions making it vulnerable to damage during trauma. 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