ࡱ> \^WXYZ[q` bjbjqPqP  ::%  8ƪr Sn2B"dddbV@SBSBSBSBSBSBS$GVhXbfS- }@}}fS ddLS???} 8d d@S?}@S??F8>  lGd& pq);uHATG S0SAY5pYlGY lG(8?fSfSS}}}}   ECONOMIC Sub-categories Identify the primary sources of information How often do you review this information?  Based upon your information sources used, list and briefly describe the key value drivers you believe are important to monitor in understanding the cause and effect relationship with your firm. Have you developed a database or management information system for the information you gather?Key measures of economic well being Eurostat World Bank OECD Domestic Statistic Offices UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe European Central BankMonthlyKey measure of economic well being and Starbucks Europe is a non-homogeneous union of countries. Therefore, the key measures of economic well being may help Starbucks in designing the path for its expansion strategy into Europe. The ideal countries to start the expansion process would be those with high level and rapid growth of output, low involuntary unemployment and stable prices. KEY value drivers: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Private consumption Brief outlook on the key value drivers Real GDP growth in the Euro area is projected to decline from 3.4% in 2000 to a range from 2.2 to 2.8% in 2001, and to remain in a range from 2.1 to 3.1% in 2002. Domestic demand is expected to decelerate and the contribution of external trade to growth is projected to weaken significantly in 2001 and to be broadly neutral in both 2001 and 2002. Private consumption growth is expected to decline from 2.7% in 2000 to 2.2-2.6% in 2001, and to be 2.0-2.3% in 2002. This reflects continued strong growth of real disposable income, mainly due to the implementation of tax reductions in a number of countries. After a year of particularly strong performance, economic growth in the OECD area has been weakening since the autumn of 2000. The 2001 growth rate is projected to be half that of 2000, at around 2% and the long-running reduction in unemployment is projected to come to a halt. However, the forces dampening economic growth are projected to dissipate in the second half of 2001, leading to a growth rate of 2.5% to 3% over the following twelve months. Inflation is expected to remain low. (See Appendix 1: ECONOMIC ACTIVITY)  Economic cycles Eurostat World Bank OECD Domestic Statistic Offices MonthlyEconomic cycles and Starbucks Depending on the economic cycle Europe, and each of its components, is going through, Starbucks may decide to delay/accelerate its expansion strategy. Starbucks should pay special attention in detecting if a country is going through a bout of inflation and/or recession. KEY value drivers: Unemployment rate CPI (Consumer Price Index). Rate of inflation Brief outlook on the key value drivers (See Monetary/fiscal policy and Labor market and income distribution) (See Appendix 8: LABOR MARKET) (See Appendix 2: PRICE STABILITY) Monetary / fiscal policy Eurostat Domestic fiscal regulations European Central BankWeeklyMonetary/fiscal policy and Starbucks The European Central Bank dictates the major monetary policy issues. High interest rates may affect Starbucks in its investments in capital goods and other interest-rate-sensitive spending. In addition, high interest rates might lower Starbucks asset prices when using the concept of present value. Fiscal policies may differ from one country to another and, even though they may not affect Starbucks operating results, they may have an influence on the net results. In addition, taxation affects investment and potential output. KEY value drivers (Monetary): Harmonized indices of consumer prices Interest rates Brief outlook on the key value drivers (Monetary) The overall Harmonized index of Consumer Prices is projected to remain in a range from 2.3 to 2.7% in 2001, before falling back to a range of 1.2 to 2.4% in 2002. The projected persistence of the high average level of inflation in 2001 is explained by an increase in domestic prices. Developments in energy and food prices are expected to strongly influence the pattern of overall HICP inflation over the near term. The contribution of food price inflation is expected to rise by roughly % between 2000 and 2001. This impact is assumed to be temporary and largely disappear in 2002. (See Appendix 2: PRICE STABILITY) KEY value drivers (Fiscal): Corporate income taxes Consumption taxes Social insurance taxes, or payroll tax. Property taxes Brief outlook on the key value drivers (Fiscal) Since the late 1990s many EU countries have cut tax rates. However, the tax burden in the EU area remains much higher than in most other economies. The tax mix is also different, with high tax wedges on labor and stronger reliance on consumption and environmentally-related taxes. Recent measures targeted at lowering the tax burden on labor have had promising results in terms of employment growth. Greater reliance on property taxes could be envisaged. The common features of EU tax systems are: a) high tax wedges on labor (the average effective tax on labor in the UE area appears to be about 15% higher than in the US); b) consumption taxes account for a large share of total tax revenues (effective tax rates on consumption in the UE are, on average, higher than in most of OECD countries); c) high environment-related taxes; d) low taxation of capital; e) narrow corporate income tax bases (low corporate income tax revenues and OECD-standard statutory rates on corporate profits).  Capital market behavioursEurostat Nasdaq WeeklyCapital market behavior and Starbucks Volatile markets may have an effect in the European expansion strategy of Starbucks, especially if the firm is to implement joint-ventures with companies which are operating in the public market. KEY value drivers (Market Volatility): Implied stock market volatility Stock market indices Multi-market exchanges (Nasdaq Europe) Brief outlook on the key value drivers (Market Volatility): The European Stock Exchange Market is undergoing a relatively significant level of volatility. Globalization has a direct effect upon public markets behavior. 11th September terrorist attacks have lead to a growing uncertainty, hence higher volatility. As a result, the European market, although at a lesser extent has also suffered from this situation. Continued uncertainty and more complex market behavior are to shape the short term in euro area stock markets. KEY value drivers (Price of Money): Interest rates Long-term government bond yields Brief outlook on the key value drivers (Price of Money): Since the second quarter of year 2001 theres been a tendency towards a decline in the long-term retail bank interest rates. This declining tendency applies as well to the short-term interest rates in the euro area (one/three/six and twelve EURIBOR), falling steadily during the third quarter of year 2001. By the 4th quarter 2000 the interest rates stood in a range from 4.8 to 5.2, whilst at the end of the 3rd quarter 2001 the decline placed the interest level in a range from 3.3 to 3.7. Long-term government bond yields in the euro area decreased between end-August and October. The differential between ten-year government bond yields in the US and the euro area moved deeper into negative territory from 10 basis points at end-August to around 25 basis points on October. (See Appendix 5: THE PRICE OF MONEY)Trade and industrial policies Eurostat Eur-Lex Domestic trade and industrial regulationsYearlyTrade and industrial policies and Starbucks Tough trade and industrial policies may prevent Starbucks from achieving a successful performance in the European marketplace. As a result they should be taken into account in order to design the most efficient and profitable strategy of expansion. Trade involves economic exchange between countries. Most of the European countries belong to the European Monetary Union and therefore, have the same currency unit. As a result, the risk of sudden changes to exchange rates within Europe is very low. However, Starbucks will need to check the exchange interest rates between EU and non-EU countries and take active action against possible negative exchange rate implications. KEY value drivers: EURO exchange rates Intra-euro area and extra-euro area trade volume Balance-of-payments account Brief outlook on the key value drivers Last developments in the foreign exchange markets have been mainly dominated by the tragic events in the US. Market uncertainty has risen sharply on a temporary basis. Accordingly , some downward pressure on the US dollar has been observed. The nominal effective exchange rate of the euro stood approximately 3 above its average level in 2000. The increase in the extra-euro area goods surplus since the beginning of the year is mainly attributable to a fall in the value of imports. The contribution of net exports to GDP growth is expected to be broadly neutral in 2001 and 2002. Export growth including intra-euro area trade is projected to weaken from 12.2% in 2000 to a range of 5.0-7.9% in 2001, and to 4.1-7.3% in 2002. (See Appendix 6: TRADE LEVEL) Labor markets and income distribution Eurostat World Bank Domestic labor regulationsYearlyLabor markets, income distribution and Starbucks Increasing labor costs and increasing migration rates should play a significant role in defining the human resources objectives of Starbucks in Europe. The income distribution within each of the European countries will help in defining the target markets for the European expansion. The unemployment rate may also be useful, as it is one of the measures that reflect the state of the business cycle. KEY value drivers (Labor Cost): Nominal and real unit labor costs Employer-provided training and social contributions Brief outlook on the key value drivers (Labor Cost): During 2001 and 2002 it is expected a unit labor cost growth, which is reflected in the projected rise of domestic price levels. While unemployment rate is expected to fall gradually, it has been assumed that the generally restrained wage growth experienced in recent years will broadly continue in 2001 and 2002, although to a lesser extent than in the past. The response on wage growth to the temporary rise in inflation is projected to remain limited. Relative to the very low growth experienced last year, unit labor cost growth is projected to rise moderately in 2001, as a result of higher wages and temporarily lower productivity growth from cyclical factors. Thereafter unit labor cost growth is projected to fall back a little in 2002, by the projected increase in productivity growth. The group of Spain, Greece, Italy and Portugal is projected an average unit labor cost growth of 2.7% in 2001 and 2.6% in 2002. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are projected an average unit labor cost growth of 2.7% in 2001 and 2.2% in 2002. Finally, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom are projected an average growth of 2.1% in 2001 and 2.0% in 2002. The average unit labor cost growth for the OECD-Europe countries is projected of 2.0% in 2001 and 1.9% in 2002, and for the EU countries of 1.7% both in 2001 and 2002. In the US it is projected a 3.5% labor unit cost growth in 2001 and of 1.8% in 2002, while in Japan 0,7% and 0,5%, respectively. (See Appendix 7: LABOR COSTS) (See Appendix 3: LEVEL OF TAXATION) KEY value drivers (Labor Market): Employment rate Unemployment rate Activity rate Wages and labor productivity Brief outlook on the key value drivers (Labor Market): The standardized rate of unemployment for the euro area stood at 8.3% in August, unchanged compared with July. The average decline in the absolute number of unemployed in the second quarter stands on 13.000 on average per month, which confirms the slowdown in the decline of unemployment recorded since the 1st quarter 2001. Employment growth slowed down further in the 2nd quarter of 2001, recording a decline from 2.9% in the 1st quarter to around 1.6%. Following the pattern of economic growth, the projected slow-down in employment growth is stronger in the United States than in the European Union. The labor market mismatches are: unemployment, labor shortages, skill deficiencies and the role of labor mobility. The sectoral composition of employment in Europe is undergoing profound changes. Some 60% of the 10 million jobs created in 1995-2000 were in healthcare, education and social work, general business, and computer and related services. Total employment growth is expected to fall back somewhat from its peak of 2.0% in 2000. This decline is associated with a projected return, by 2002, of labor productivity growth. Labor supply is expected to continue to rise as a result of increasing participation rates. Nevertheless, the unemployment rate is expected to continue to fall during 2001 and 2002. Increases in the unemployment rate are projected, up to the end of 2002, for the United States and Japan, while decreases in this rate are projected for most of the EU member states. A labor market outlook from the OECD reveals that data shows some reason for concern over possible shortages of labor and of skilled workers all over the OECD-countries. However, there is little sign that any such shortages have yet been translated into wage inflation. (See Appendix 8: LABOR MARKET) The candidate countries Eurostat European Union Web Site YearlyThe candidate countries and Starbucks Starbucks should also take into account the candidate countries for the future enlargement of the EU. These countries may be considered objectives for the future expansion of the firm. KEY value drivers: Population Total area in Km2 GDP / GDP per capita Unemployment rate Consumer price index Brief outlook on the key value drivers The economic outlook in the largest of the countries seeking accession to the European Union appears on the whole to be slightly less favorable than last year, partly reflecting the uncertainties of the global outlook. These largest countries are: Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Turkey. There are current significant differences in economic performance among the countries, specially between the largest countries and the smallest ones. The fact that each country has different social, political and demographic structures also plays an important role in attaining different economic outlooks. Due to the uncertainties related to Eastern Enlargement, there are mounting concerns within the present EU members that accession may have a number of undesirable effects on labor markets and income distribution. In particular, a deterioration of living standards of the unskilled, associated with job displacement and wage losses triggered by the accession of low-income countries is feared. Moreover, it is suspected that mass migration from the East will create further pressures on labor markets and social cohesion. (See Appendix 9: CANDIDATE COUNTRIES)  ECONOMIC Sub-categories  List and briefly describe the three main forces which you believe will try change in the way you do business in each of the subcategories of economic environment.Key measures of economic well being Force: COUNTRYS LEVEL OF WEALTH Value drivers: GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a year. Or, (C+I+G+X), where C=Consumption (gross private domestic investment), I=Investment, G=Government expenditure, and X=Net Exports PPPs: Purchasing Power Parities: Rates used to compare the living standards in different countries. Structure of output: Distribution of the origin of the output: agriculture, industry or services. Household final consumption expenditure: market value of all goods and services purchased by households Retail sales (See Appendix 1: ECONOMIC ACTIVITY) Economic cycles Force: BUSINESS FLUCTUATIONS Value drivers: Unemployment rate: The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. CPI (Consumer Price Index): The measure of the cost of a basket of goods bought by the average urban consumer. Rate of inflation: It denotes the rate of growth or decline of the price level from one year to the next. (See Appendix 8: LABOR MARKET) (See Appendix 2: PRICE STABILITY) Monetary / fiscal policy Force: PRICE STABILITY Value drivers: Inflation Harmonized indices of consumer prices (See Appendix 2: PRICE STABILITY) Force: LEVEL OF TAXATION Value drivers: Corporate income taxes: Taxes on the profits of corporations. Consumption taxes: Taxes on the purchase of goods and services Social insurance taxes, or payroll tax: Tax on employers and employees for retirement and health insurance purposes. Individual income taxes: Tax levied on the income received by individuals in the form either of wages and salaries or income from property, such as rents, dividends, or interest. Property taxes: Tax levied primarily on real estate land and buildings. Other taxes (See Appendix 3: LEVEL OF TAXATION) Capital market behaviors Force: MARKET VOLATILITY Value drivers: Implied stock market volatility Stock market indices Multi-market exchanges (Nasdaq Europe) (See Appendix 4: MARKET VOLATILITY) Force: THE PRICE OF MONEY Value drivers: Interest rates Deposit interest rates Lending interest rates Long term and short term retail bank interest rates Short term interest rates Long-term government bond yields (See Appendix 5: THE PRICE OF MONEY) Trade and industrial policies Force: TRADE LEVEL Value drivers: Trade policies: Tariffs, quotas, and other regulations that restrict or encourage imports and exports: Ex. Right of establishment and freedom to provide services policy and Customs Union and free movement of goods. EURO exchange rates: The price of a the Euro in terms of the currencies of other nations. Intra-euro area and extra-euro area trade volume Balance-of-payments account International financial management: Monetary policies adopted by the nations for regulating their foreign exchange. Level of protectionism: Any policy adopted by a country to protect domestic industries against competition from imports (most commonly, trade barriers: tariff or quotas imposed on such imports) (See Appendix 6: TRADE LEVEL) Labor markets and income distribution Force: LABOR COSTS Value drivers: Nominal and real compensation per employee Nominal and real unit labor costs Employer-provided training Labor cost index Fixed-term and temporary contracts Employers social contributions and other costs (See Appendix 7: LABOR COSTS) (See Appendix 3: LEVEL OF TAXATION) Force: LABOR MARKET Value drivers: Employment (employment rate, employment in services, youth employment rate, part-time employment, comparable employment performance, employment thresholds) Unemployment rate Labor force structure Activity rate GDP per person employed / GDP per hour worked Wages and labor productivity Other key value drivers (annual average hours worked, shortage of labor, projected change in working-age population, educational attainment levels of employed in the service sector, job tenure, elasticity and convergence of employment growth (See Appendix 8: LABOR MARKET) The candidate countries Force: CANDIDATE COUNTRIES Value drivers: Population Total area in Km2 GDP / GDP per capita Unemployment rate Consumer price index (See Appendix 9: CANDIDATE COUNTRIES)  POLITICAL Sub-categories Identify the primary sources of information How often do you review this information? Based upon your information sources used, list and briefly describe the key value drivers you believe are important to monitor in understanding the cause and effect relationship with your firm. Have you developed a database or management information system for the information you gather?Governments Eurostat World Bank OECD Domestic Governmental Web Sites UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe European Commission YearlyGovernments and Starbucks Europe is a non-homogeneous union of countries and hence, Starbucks must consider the key issues of each countrys Government. The level of protectionism, as well as the different political parties which make up each Government, must be taken into account in considering the overall European Starbucks expansion. KEY value drivers: Political party in the Government Governments structure Law & Regulations Eur-Lex Domestic Law Ministries European Commission UN on International Law OECD UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe European Commission Every yearLaws&Regulations and Starbucks Again, the heterogeneous environment in Europe forces Starbucks to have a clear knowledge of the laws and regulations that exist in each country. The EU has dictated a general body of laws and regulations that effects the whole European Market. However, individual law, regulations and other key procedures should also be taken into account so not to face unexpected halts in the expansion strategy. KEY value drivers: Community Law Community Legal Instruments European Community's competition policy Consumer protection Economic Policy Taxation The ABC of Community Law Level of Governments protectionism Lobbying European Commission UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe The Economist The Financial TimesYearlyLobbying and Starbucks Starbucks should be aware of local lobbying possibilities and how their application could be of Starbucks interest in each of the European countries it is entering. Lobbying may be considered a powerful tool in some of the countries in order to achieve a successful expansion strategy. KEY value drivers: Each countrys lobbying procedures Common legislation and recent case-law about competition and lobbying JudicialEuropean Commission UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe Eur-Lex Domestic Law MinistriesYearlyJudicial and Starbucks Starbucks should also take into account the judicial procedures concerning every country that makes up the European Union. Specific judicial results for issues that could be in Starbucks interest should also be monitored. KEY value drivers: Each countrys judicial procedures Special judicial results Eur-Lex Case-law  POLITICAL Sub-categories  List and briefly describe the three main forces which you believe will try change in the way you do business in each of the subcategories of economic environment.Governments Force: POLITICAL TRENDS Value drivers: Political party in the Government Governments structure Law & Regulations Force: EUROPEAN LEGISLATION Value drivers: Community Law: founding Treaties (primary legislation) and the provisions of instruments enacted by the Community institutions by virtue of them (secondary legislation). Community Legal Instruments: regulations, directives, decisions and recommendations and opinions European Community's competition policy (Articles 81 to 89 of the EC Treaty, formerly 85 to 94) Consumer protection (Article 153 of the EC Treaty - former Article 129a-) Economic Policy (Article 99(2) of the EC Treaty) Taxation (Articles 90 to 93 of the EC Treaty -former Articles 95 to 99-) The ABC of Community Law (European Documentation) Level of Governments protectionism Lobbying Force: LOBBYING IN EUROPE Value drivers: Each countrys lobbying procedures Common legislation and recent case-law about competition and lobbying JudicialForce: JUDICIAL RESULTS Value drivers: Each countrys judicial procedures Special judicial results: Synopsis of the judgments delivered by the Court of Justice, Synopsis of the judgments delivered by the Court of First Instance Eur-Lex Case-law: Recent case-law of the Court of First Instance ECOLOGICAL Sub-categories Identify the primary sources of information How often do you review this information? Based upon your information sources used, list and briefly describe the key value drivers you believe are important to monitor in understanding the cause and effect relationship with your firm.Have you developed a database or management information system for the information you gather?Natural resources  HYPERLINK "http://www.wri.org" www.wri.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.conservation.org" www.conservation.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.citinet.org" www.citinet.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.webdirectory.com" www.webdirectory.com 1 YearThe past century has seen unprecedented growth in agricultural expansion, reflecting rapid population growth, increasing standards of living, market integration, urbanization, new technologies, and agricultural investment. Major issues to arise: Deforestation- it is estimated that since the 1950s cropland has increased from 1.2 billion hectares (Bha) to 1.5 Bha, predominantly at the expense of forest habitats. Fossil Fuel depletion- the burning of coal, oil, and natural gases are decreasing energy resources and contributing to Global Warming. The continued depletion of natural resources will have direct impacts upon the production of one of Starbucks key inputs: the coffee beans. Deforestation and fossil fuel depletion will eventually render coffee bean production and harvesting impossible. As a result Starbucks must encourage and monitor natural resource levels in the coffee producing parts of the world. Starbucks must encourage that correct practices are maintained in regard to safeguarding natural resources. Water Supply and quality  HYPERLINK "http://www.globalissues.org" www.globalissues.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.wri.org" www.wri.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.themes.eea.eu.int" www.themes.eea.eu.int1 YearWater wastage: problems with water scarcity especially around large cities. Water wastage is occurring due to inefficient irrigation techniques & land cultivators who pay little money for irrigation water and therefore have little incentive to conserve. Water pollution: removes large quantities of water from usage contributing to more wastage and also human contamination. Estimates suggest that nearly 1.5 billion people lack safe drinking water and that at least 5 million deaths per year can be attributed to waterborne diseases. Water is one of the key inputs of the Starbucks final consumer product and therefore the company must be conscious of local/international water supplies and water quality in order to ensure continued coffee production and consumer safety. Air supply and quality  HYPERLINK "http://www.oecd.org" www.oecd.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.citinet.org" www.citinet.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.themes.eea.eu.int" www.themes.eea.eu.int 2 YearsGreen House Gas emissions: GHG emissions are still 50-80% above safe levels for stabilization. Ozone levels are on the rise- 141 million people live in areas where the air is unhealthy due to high ozone levels. Good air quality is a prerequisite for the health and well-being of humans and ecosystems. As a result Starbucks must monitor local and international air pollution levels and take advantage of air purification systems/practices. This is vital in order to ensure the continued production of Starbucks raw materials and continued consumer well being/comfort. Environmental maintenance  HYPERLINK "http://www.wri.org" www.wri.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.themes.eea.eu.int" www.themes.eea.eu.int  HYPERLINK "http://www.uence.org" www.uence.org 1 YearSoil supports human settlements and provides raw materials and groundwater. Major problems include loss of topsoil due to erosion or building activities, contamination, and acidification. Waste control: In many countries waste is not being treated properly. For example biodegradable waste is being land filled when it could be broken down biologically, while heavy metals are leaking out of waste dumps into the environment. For the continued safe production of Starbucks raw consumer goods and the reputation of Starbucks in regard to environmental consciousness i.e. the use of paper cups, plastic knives and forks Starbucks must; -Be informed on advances in waste control procedures (company reputation- environmentally friendly). -Monitor developments in biodegradable products (company reputation- environmentally friendly). -Monitor soil protection to ensure continued production of Starbucks products and consumer safety. Conservation  HYPERLINK "http://www.ems.org" www.ems.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.conservation.org" www.conservation.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.panda.org/species/" http://www.panda.org/species/ 1 YearExtinction: As a result of deforestation and other environmental issues, loss of plant and animal life is occurring. For example in sun grown coffee regions there has been a steep decline in the migratory bird population. The loss of biodiversity will eventually impact the production of Starbucks goods i.e. coffee beans. Direct impacts to the company are ethics and company reputation in an increasingly environmentally conscious society. As a result Starbucks must; -Monitor coffee growing techniques & advances to ensure biodiversity of plant & animal life is maintained -Monitor agricultural sustainability in coffee growing regions Climate  HYPERLINK "http://www.environmentaldefense.org" www.environmentaldefense.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.oecd.org" www.oecd.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.themes.eea.eu.int" www.themes.eea.eu.int2 YearsEuropean annual mean temperatures have increased by 3C to 0.6C since the 1900s. There is increased evidence that most of this warming can be attributed to the emission of: Greenhouse gases Aerosols by human activities The changes in climate will have impacts for agricultural production in all parts of the world and will affect the production of Starbucks primary products, namely coffee beans. Hence, Starbucks must stay abreast of developments and encourage reducing worldwide GHGs (Green House Gas) emissions and other environmental issues in order to ensure the continued production of Starbucks products.Chemicals & Pesticides, Biotechnology HYPERLINK "http://www.actionaid.org" www.actionaid.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.oecd.org" www.oecd.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.betterfoods.org" www.betterfoods.org  HYPERLINK "http://dir.yahoo.com" http://dir.yahoo.com /Science/Agriculture/Biotechnology /Genetic_Engineering/Opposing_Views/  HYPERLINK "http://www.greenpeace.org/" http://www.greenpeace.org/ 6 monthlyWith the decreasing costs associated with sun grown coffee beans there has been an increased use of chemicals and pesticides. The development, and subsequent use of Agro-Biotechnology by farmers for its benefits of Yield increases and Increases in product market value, has lead to wide spread consumer concerns in regard to food safety and negative environmental impacts. In response Starbucks must carefully monitor: -Developments in research on the effects of GM foods, and the use of chemicals/pesticides on human health, agriculture, environment & animal welfare - Public opinion on the use of organic food & beverage Biological Warfare HYPERLINK "http://www.ems.org" www.ems.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.acponline.org/bioterro/" www.acponline.org/bioterro/ Bioterrorism Increasing global tensions are creating concerns in regard to the use of biological warfare tactics. Starbucks must monitor and stay abreast of worldwide developments in order to ensure Starbucks final products are delivered safely through the process of growing, harvesting and onwards. ECOLOGICAL Sub-categories  List and briefly describe the three main forces which you believe will try change in the way you do business in each of the subcategories of economic environmentNatural resources Global Warming- the depletion of natural resources, leading to Global Warming, will have a long term impact on the production of coffee beans and hence the future of the Starbucks company.Water supply and quality Quality of Water Clean water is one of the major resources used within the Starbucks final consumer product. The increasing pollution of worldwide water supplies will have a direct impact on consumer safety and well-being. Quantity of Water A 1997 United Nations assessment of freshwater resources found that one third of the world's population lives in countries experiencing moderate to high water stress. Water is a one of the major resources used within the Starbucks final consumer product and the decrease in worldwide water supplies will have a direct impact on the production of Starbucks products.Air supply and quality Biodiversity A clean air supply is imperative to maintaining the biodiversity of the ecosystem in which coffee beans are produced. Any compromise to the air supply will lead to impacts on the quality of Starbucks products. In Store Increases in worldwide air pollution, especially within densely populated areas will compromise the comfort and health of Starbucks customers.Environmental maintenance Erosion Soils are the basis for 90% of all human food, livestock feed, fibre, and fuel and their erosion will impact the production of Starbucks products in the long term. Contamination of raw materials Currently waste is growing at the rate of the global economy and this waste generation is expected to keep up for the next decade. The mistreatment of waste and its continued growth will impact on bringing the final Starbucks product to the consumer in regards to safety and production. Conservation Biodiversity The loss of plant and animal species due to agricultural expansion has lead to decreasing biodiversity. Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity and enables the ecosystem to possess the ability to prevent and recover from a variety of disasters. Decreasing biodiversity will impact the production of the Starbucks product and have an impact on consumer opinion. ClimateClimate Change Various human activities and GHG emissions are affecting the worlds climate. If these changes persist, they will influence water availability, flood hazards and agricultural productivity, hence they will impact Starbucks key input resources. Technology Chemicals & Pesticides: Sun grown coffee beans require the increased use of pesticides/ chemicals. The use of these has impacts on consumer safety and increased environmental degradation. Genetically Modified Foods (GM): the use of GM food &beverage production methods raises huge ethical and social concerns, as well as serious challenges to the environment, human health, animal welfare, and the future of agriculture. Biological WarfareBioterrorism: Worldwide developments have implications for all agricultural industries (including coffee producing regions) that may be impacted by the use of menacing tactics such as biological warfare. SOCIAL-CULTURAL Sub-categoriesIdentify the primary sources of informationHow often do you review this information?Based upon your information sources used, list and briefly describe the key value drivers you believe are important to monitor in understanding the cause and effect relationship with your firmHave you developed a database or management information system for the information you gather?Demographics  HYPERLINK "http://www.ecb.int" www.ecb.int  HYPERLINK "http://www.europa.eu.int" www.europa.eu.int  HYPERLINK "http://www.unece.org" www.unece.org  HYPERLINK "http://www.ercomer.org/" http://www.ercomer.org/  HYPERLINK "http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/gs_natstat.htm" http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/gs_natstat.htm  HYPERLINK "http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/" http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/  HYPERLINK "http://ew-news.eea.eu.int/" http://ew-news.eea.eu.int/  HYPERLINK "http://english.pravda.ru/society/2001/04/10/3472.html" http://english.pravda.ru/society/2001/04/10/3472.html MonthlyStarbucks have to monitor changing demographics within the European marketplace (especially the population development) in regard to labor costs and target customers. Additionally, the urbanization trend toward middle-sized cities will have impacts for the size and location of future Starbucks coffee shops within Europe. Key value drivers: Fertility rate, population growth rate, youth dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio, citizen per square meter/ urbanization. Brief outlook: The growth rate for population in Austria, Germany and Spain is forecasted to shrink to (-0.06%) until 2035. In particular, the average European growth rate in the age group of 15-59 will decrease to (- 0.84%) by 2050. The average level of youth dependency ratio will fall to an average of 32.01% by 2035. Future population movements are towards middle-sized cities. (See social-cultural appendix 12/ demographic)Culture/language  HYPERLINK "http://www.cor.eu.int" www.cor.eu.int  HYPERLINK "http://www.troc.es/mercator" www.troc.es/mercator MonthlyA major consideration for Starbucks when entering the European market will be the existing cultural and language diversities. Starbucks have to consider encompassing /adapting to the local customs and culture. Key value drivers: culture/ language diversity Brief outlook: trend towards culture/ region diversity (See social-cultural appendix 12/ culture/language)Psycho graphic  HYPERLINK "http://www.europa.eu.int" www.europa.eu.int  HYPERLINK "http://www.ecmi.de" www.ecmi.de  HYPERLINK "http://www.mercator-education.org/" www.mercator-education.org/  HYPERLINK "http://www.trendsresearch.com/" http://www.trendsresearch.com/  HYPERLINK "http://www.lifestyle.co.uk/" http://www.lifestyle.co.uk/  HYPERLINK "http://www.cosmoworlds.com/" http://www.cosmoworlds.com/ Coffeshop magazins: Caf Bistro, Gazzetino,  HYPERLINK "http://teaandcoffee.net/" http://teaandcoffee.net/  HYPERLINK "http://www.coffeetalk.com/" http://www.coffeetalk.com/  HYPERLINK "http://www.freshcup.com/" http://www.freshcup.com/  HYPERLINK "http://www.coffeereview.com/" http://www.coffeereview.com/  HYPERLINK "http://www.blackapollo.demon.co.uk/cafindex.html" http://www.blackapollo.demon.co.uk/cafindex.html National/ local newspapersWeeklyThe EU cannot be considered as a heterogeneous environment, due to several national, minority and psychographic sensibilities. Each European country has its own specific definition of lifestyle, trends and consumer preferences. Starbucks (mainly the local joint-venture partner) must therefore carefully assess these social-cultural/ trend diversities, in order to modify key characteristics of their products, locations and marketing strategies in order to suit regional and country preferences. Key value drivers: lifestyle, trends, cultural specific consumer preferences. (See social-cultural appendix 12/ psycho graphic)Social change  HYPERLINK "http://www.europa.eu.int/commun/eurostart" www.europa.eu.int/commun/eurostart  HYPERLINK "http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/" www.sv.uio.no/arena/  HYPERLINK "http://www.ieis.lu/" http://www.ieis.lu/  HYPERLINK "http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/" http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/  HYPERLINK "http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/projekte/mikrodaten/drafts/index.html" http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/projekte/mikrodaten/drafts/index.html  HYPERLINK "http://www8.cao.go.jp/danjyo/english/plan2000/1999/p1c202.html" http://www8.cao.go.jp/danjyo/english/plan2000/1999/p1c202.html WeeklyStarbucks European performance relies on the development of its European customers/ target group. As a result, the company must carefully monitor any social changes, especially in relation to the increasing number of one-person households and the increasing divorce rate. The average number of European divorces has grown from 13.0 % (32.8% U.S.) in 1970 to 41.3 % (49.1% U.S.) in 1998. The average number of European lone parent families (LPF) has risen to 2.3% in 1999 from 1.78% in 1985. The number of one-person- households has boosted to 11.7% in 1998 from 9.8% in 1987. As a consequence, the decreasing number of nuclear family households will change the traditional European social classes, especially the social relationships of individuals in social environments and their behaviors as consumers. Key value drivers: one-person households, LPF, divorce rate, income, unemployment rate, family circle, nuclear family households, and population growth. Brief outlook: The future trend in Europe will follow the American trend towards an increasing number of single households, divorced couples, and higher Dependency Ratio of older people. The U.K., traditionally adapting earlier to American trends, is already leading the way in regard to number of divorces (U.K. 51%, EU 41.3%) and nuclear family households (U.K. 5.5 %, EU 2.3%) in Europe. (See social-cultural appendix 12/ social-change)Public opinion  HYPERLINK "http://www.tufts.edu/~reichenb/recent/resch_euro_po/resch_euro_po.html" www.tufts.edu/~reichenb/recent/resch_euro_po/resch_euro_po.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.nira.go.jp/ice/tt-info/nwdtt99/id-eur.html#153" http://www.nira.go.jp/ice/tt-info/nwdtt99/id-eur.html#153  HYPERLINK "http://www.canalipsos.com/english/general_gb/tope_2_gb.htm" www.canalipsos.com/english/general_gb/tope_2_gb.htm  HYPERLINK "http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg10/epo/eb/eb55/highlights.html" http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg10/epo/eb/eb55/highlights.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.ihatestarbucks.com" http://www.ihatestarbucks.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.starbucked.com/" http://www.starbucked.com/DailyAs an American company entering the European market, Starbucks will have to manage an already influenced public opinion whereby countries are trying to protect their own cultural diversity. Education  HYPERLINK "http://www.eiesp.org/" www.eiesp.org/  HYPERLINK "http://www.ensmp.fr/~scherer/euni/" http://www.ensmp.fr/~scherer/euni/  HYPERLINK "http://www.iue.it/" www.iue.it/  HYPERLINK "http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/education_culture/index_en.htm" www.europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/education_culture/index_en.htm  HYPERLINK "http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/" http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/MonthlyPerceived as a life style product seller, Starbucks target populations are high- level educated customers. Additionally, Starbucks needs trained staff for its outlets. Therefore, the local level of education may influence the way Starbucks will enter the European market. Key value drivers: unemployment rate, level of education, income (See social-cultural appendix 12/ education,) Nationalism  HYPERLINK "http://www.xs4all.nl/~united" www.xs4all.nl/~united  HYPERLINK "http://www.ihatestarbucks.com" http://www.ihatestarbucks.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.starbucked.com/" http://www.starbucked.com/Weekly As a result of the heterogeneous European environment, Starbucks may be faced with individual and public nationalism. Starbucks international image could be used for promoting cooperation across national and cultural borders. Key value drivers: cultural diversity, unemployment rate, education, percentage of right-wing parties in the local parlament/gvmnt Health  HYPERLINK "http://www.observatory.dk/" http://www.observatory.dk/  HYPERLINK "http://europe.osha.eu.int/" http://europe.osha.eu.int/  HYPERLINK "http://www.ehps.net/" http://www.ehps.net/ WeeklyEuropean consumers health, safety, and environmental consciences are important aspects, which Starbucks should take into account, regarding its suppliers, products and locations. Key value drivers: Aging, genetically modified products, health conscience consumers (See social-cultural appendix 12/ health) Sub-categories  List and briefly describe the three main forces which you believe will try change in the way you do business in each of the subcategories of economic environmentDemographics -The reversal of the age pyramid, in other words the aging of the population, will present Starbucks with several shifting social, economic and health issues, which will cause labor shortages, cost problems and changing consumer demands. (For example the German youth DR will shrink from 34.1% in 2000 to 33.4% in 2035, whereas the old-age dependency ratio will boost from 26.6% to 54.1%. Due to these demographical changes Starbucks must be capable of modifying and adapting to new situations. The consequences will be an increasing consumer demand for a bland diet that may mean introducing a mild coffee roast. A reduction in the target group and increasing labor costs will also occur due to the aging fact/ low fertility rate.) -The migration trend to drift to middle size-cities will influence the decisions for launching new outlets in the European member countries. Force: Changing consumer demand, target group decrease Culture/ language - Starbucks has to consider, when entering the Continental European market that each European country will need a specific strategy because of the cultural and language diversities, which exist. Starbucks (mainly its local joint-venture partners) has to adapt to specific cultural trends and the life style that exists in each country. Some may argue that Starbucks is unique, but Starbucks entered Continental Europe by opening its first unit in Switzerland, giving Starbucks access to a compromise European test market. Switzerland provides Starbucks with an opportunity to test several cultures at one time. - Additionally Starbucks should be aware of the negative effects of globalization. Traditional societies are trying to protect their culture and businesses from foreign companies entering the domestic market and selling international products. Force: Cultural consumer diversity Psycho graphic - Numerous consumer needs and sensibilities due to local, cultural, language or historical reasons raise the need to carefully monitor and analyze the different psychographics segments. As a result Starbucks has look at its ability to modify its products, price, locations and marketing to suit regional and country differences. Starbucks expansion on the continent might not be as easy as it was in the U.S., in regards to coffee taste preferences. On entering the European market Starbucks will be confronted with more sophisticated coffee preferences than currently exist in the US. Therefore their biggest challenge will be blending with the culture of coffee shop business in Europe. Issues such as Non Smoking policies will also have an impact on consumer acceptance within Europe in comparison with the US market. -There are also various consumer preferences within Europe. Comparing the German consumer demand for mild roasted coffee, the Spanish for strong roasted coffee, the Swiss preference for porcelain dish and the Italian preference of 1dl Espresso instead of Starbucks 2dl. We are able to see a company that responded to this, McDonalds McCafe (a coffee shop subsidiary) which roasts its coffee beans for each country that it operates in. This illustrates the heterogeneous consumer preferences and once again underlines the need for modifying and adapting to the European market. Force: Psycho graphical consumer preferences diversity  SOCIAL-CULTURAL Social change -Due to global marketing, the European youth are familiar with international labels as well as shifting product brands in their consumption habits. Therefore Starbucks will have to face un loyal consumers, who grew up in a world of global labels and brands, without any specific emotional, local or traditional, attachments. - The trend towards disintegrating nuclear family households will change the traditional European social classes and especially the social relationships of each individual within social environments. In the future, the individual will increasingly change in relation to family being the center of an individuals private life. These social changes will have a direct impact on customer demand. The customers will be seeking a seller, who offers, in exchange for money, the participation in a new family (a replacement for their nuclear families). As a result, Starbucks, when selling its image must focus on offering the customers a place to meet and socialize in addition to promoting the American way of life. Additionally, the individual seeks for social prestige and participation in a trendy life style product world. Starbucks brand image provides the customer, when buying a cup of coffee, with additional value, prestige and being a member of the Starbucks world. In conclusion, Starbucks has to adapt to the changing consumer demand as a result of the social changes. Consequently, Starbucks strategy must focus on selling a social and life style experience, and investing in their brand image can do this. Forces: Consumer need for social meeting point/ buying experience/ Participating in life style product families Public opinion -As a result of the anti-globalization movement (for example the recent attacks against American companies outlets in Europe during the G8 conference in Genoa) international brands, such as Starbucks, will have to face a strong resistance of public opinion. The company could face this by lobbying and establishing alliances with media. -Moreover Starbucks should be concerned about the increasing consumer conscience regarding health, safety and environmental matters, in order to benefit economically. Forces: Anti-globalization movementEducation -Starbucks have to invest in the education of its future European customers, as it does in the U.S market through the Starbucks foundation or the Michael Jordan joint venture. This would benefit the company economically via a more highly educated population/ staff and by improving its public image. Force: Labor costs Nationalism -Starbucks must be very cautious entering the European market to avoid breaking any specific domestic protections and be aware of national vanities. Most of the European countries have a long coffee house tradition and maybe the governments should be constrained to protect them or the public opinion should turn against the market entry of an American competitor. Force: Anti-globalization movement SOCIAL-CULTURAL SOCIAL-CULTURAL Health -Sophisticated health consciences exist in some European countries, which once again leads to specific consumer sensibilities, regarding genetically engineered food and healthy bio eating. These considerations could lead to increasing production costs due to a high rate of product diversity but could also lead to problems with consumer acceptance. -Also Starbucks should impose to its suppliers a constant level of quality. (E.g.: The European consumer is firmly against genetically engineered food, therefore Starbucks suppliers should ensure non genetically engineered goods.) Forces: Aging, health consciences consumers, food quality TECHNOLOGY Sub-categoriesIdentify the primary sources of informationHow often do you review this information?Based upon your information sources used, list and briefly describe the key value drivers you believe are important to monitor in understanding the cause and effect relationship with your firm.Have you developed a database or management information system for the information you gather?Communication systems  HYPERLINK "http://www.nokia.com/main.html" http://www.nokia.com/main.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.3gnewsroom.com/" http://www.3gnewsroom.com/  HYPERLINK "http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menu-internet.htm" http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menu-internet.htm  HYPERLINK "http://www.ecommercetimes.com/" http://www.ecommercetimes.com/ Proquest: Bell & Howell Information Service Eurostat Monthly 3G wireless technology: These are the value drivers within 3G wireless technology that Starbucks should consider turning into a competitive method: Special offer notification-As they pass a Starbucks store, customers are notified of a special offer through their 3G phone. GPS- Customers can use their smart phones as a GPS to locate a Starbucks retail store. By looking at the display face of their 3G phones, customers follow a map showing them their current location and the store location. Mobile commerce-At the store, customers could use their 3G phones to pay for their coffee. It automatically debits their bank accounts giving them an update balance upon request Preference for constant access to the Internet ( wireless Internet access): People will want to have access to the internet where ever they go. They will expect information at their finger tips. Wireless internet access can provide them with this information where ever they go. E-commerce: many brick and mortar businesses are selling their products over the internet. Starbucks has a whole sell operation on-line. Transportation systems HYPERLINK "http://public.wsj.com/home.html" http://public.wsj.com/home.html  HYPERLINK "http://finance.yahoo.com/" http://finance.yahoo.com/  HYPERLINK "http://www.atlantes.com" http://www.atlantes.com  HYPERLINK "http://www.majuredata.com/" http://www.majuredata.com/ Weekly Inventory movement: There will be better movement of inventory through advancements in transportation systems and tracking by computer. The time span for product delivery from raw material inputs to finished goods purchased by consumers will be greatly shortened. New distribution network: By joint-venturing with European retail chains, Starbucks can take advantage of their partners distribution network and transportation systems Safety and Security HYPERLINK "http://www.rbaworld.com/Nutrition/fsafety.shtml" http://www.rbaworld.com/Nutrition/fsafety.shtml  HYPERLINK "http://www.useu.be/issues/foodsafetydossier.html" http://www.useu.be/issues/foodsafetydossier.html http://www.microsoft.com/ms.htm Monthly People are more cautious: After witnessing the attack on the World Trade Center by terrorist, people are becoming more cautious about anything they have no control over. Credit card information: people are cautious about entering their credit card information on-line. Store location: Starbucks must consider where they decide to locate their stores in terms of customer safety and security. Food/Nutrition/ Packaging HYPERLINK "http://www.seas.upenn.edu/be/" http://www.seas.upenn.edu/be/  HYPERLINK "http://www.earthpack.com/" http://www.earthpack.com/  HYPERLINK "http://www.starbucks.com/" http://www.starbucks.com/Monthly Bioengineering in the food and beverage business: New bioengineering techniques will increase the yield as well as decrease the cost of raw ingredients for food and beverage businesses. Environmentally conscious movement: There will be a growth in people who support environmentally conscious methods, especially biodegradable materials used in packaging. Nutritional products: By selling nutritional breakfast and lunch products to complement their coffee product line, Starbuck can attract the health conscious, coffee drinking consumer. Computing Proquest: Bell & Howell Information service  HYPERLINK "http://www.compaq.com/" http://www.compaq.com/Monthly Increase of computing power and hardware: There is a rapid growth of businesses going multi-national. This will lead to the need for more computing power in IT as well as data warehousing and mining. MIS systems: If they are planning to expand quickly building 650 retail stores in Europe before 2003, Starbuck must create an integrated MIS to handle their growing European operations. Software/ Multimediahttp://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20010814S0005 Weekly The growth of software designed to manage individual businesses: As businesses change and develop within their industry, custom designed software to run a companys management information systems will become an essential success factor for a company to remain competitive in its industry. Teleconferencing: With the aftermath of the terrorist attack in New York, the use of teleconferencing by multinational companies might rise in order to protect their top executives from terrorist attacks. Energy Systems HYPERLINK "http://www.es.anl.gov/" http://www.es.anl.gov/ http://www.siemens.com/ Monthly Using more efficient energy systems: When stores are designed and built, companies should consider ways of lowering energy costs through layout or energy efficient appliances. Architecture/facilities design HYPERLINK "http://www.starbucks.com/" http://www.starbucks.com/ MonthlyLaws to protect national landmarks: Companies expanding into European countries must consider the difficulty of finding a location within cities that have laws protecting old buildings.  TECHNOLOGY Sub-categoriesList and briefly describe the three main forces which you believe will try change in the way you do business in each of the sub-categories of economic environmentCommunication Systems The integration of wireless technology into Starbucks European expansion plans: 3G wireless technology with its value drivers will allow Starbucks to increase sales of its products and consumers to shop conveniently. Since European mobile user penetration is the highest in the world and Europe uses a standard GSM format, the full implementation of 3G wireless technology throughout Europe is targeted for the year 2003. Starbucks should consider the impact that 3G wireless technology could have on their future European sales. WLAN: Some examples of how technology is being applied to the foodservice industry are, for instance, Starbucks Coffees installation of a wireless network for its Java junkies. Customers will be able to access broadband content and services using their own wirelessly enabled laptops, smart phones, Pocket PCs and other handheld devices, while sipping their favorite coffee. The payoff is simple: The longer people linger in online chat groups and surf the net, the more likely they are to order another latte. On-line store: Starbucks is learning to use its own Web site as a handy adjunct to its physical stores, rather than hoping to turn the site into a major profit center. The company's online store and its somewhat smaller catalog operation-together known as Starbucks Direct-account for 1% to 2% of total company revenues. Total revenues exceed $2.2 billion, so the combined Web-and-- catalog business brings in $20 million or more each year. Transportation SystemsJoint ventures: As Starbuck expands into Europe, they will be relying on joint ventures with European partners so as to have access to their distribution networks and transportation systems. Thus, Starbucks can save on the cost of building its own European distribution network and transportation systems. Faster product movement: improvement in the speed of vehicles moving cargo as well as supply chain management will lead to a better product delivery system. Since Starbucks main inventory is coffee beans, they must find the cheapest and quickest way to move their inventory to their stores in Europe from their roasting factories. Moving inventory by cargo plane is fast, but air cargo space is limited and the cost is too high. However, moving inventory by cargo tanker is slow, but the cargo space is greater and the cost is lower. Therefore, it is better to ship by tanker than plane. Starbuck needs to find ways to improve cargo tanker speed and eventually movement of inventory on land. Safety and Security Food contamination/ tampering: the possibility of terrorist organizations tampering with food or contaminating the water supply used by food retailers should be considered. Since Starbucks uses water to irrigate its coffee beans and brew its coffee, they need to monitor their suppliers water supply as well as the European water supply to ensure that no poisonous chemicals will contaminate the water and affect the health of their customers. Purchasing on-line: a majority of customers are still not willing to pay by credit card on-line. Its matter of security and privacy when purchasing on-line. However, there are other methods of paying for goods on-line. One method is using e-money. Starbucks used to let shoppers pay for their purchases by simply providing a credit card and some personal information-like most e-commerce sites. But in May, it made the switch to Passport. Passport, which Microsoft plans to roll out in force this fall, already has more than 50 affiliated sites.Food/Nutrition/ PackagingGenetically modified foods: Starbucks will have to consider bioengineering techniques to increase coffee crop yields in order to prevent coffee bean prices from escalating. Although genetically modified crops might not be acceptable to the majority of Europeans who are environmentally conscious, there might be a need in the near future to change this mind frame when future coffee bean prices rise from the result of lower crop yields. Environmentally conscious packaging: The movement towards environmentally friendly packaging will force Starbucks to use more biodegradable materials in their packaging. Complementary Products: Starbucks is now selling a complementary product line that has nutritional value to the consumer. For example, they sell smoothies, breakfast and lunch products that have strong nutritional content. ComputingServers: In May 2001, Compaq announced a five-year agreement with Starbucks and Microsoft to create a high-speed connected environment in Starbucks locations across North America. Compaq will provide the in-store Internet access device for the wireless broadband network. In the future, Starbucks customers will be able to enjoy their favorite coffee beverages while accessing broadband content and services through innovative Compaq wireless devices, such as the hot-selling, award-winning iPAQ"! Pocket PC or their own wireless-enabled devices. As part of this agreement, Compaq is the primary and preferred strategic provider for information technology infrastructure for Starbucks, such as enterprise class servers and storage solutions, desktops, laptops and iPAQ products. IT Support: To keep up with the growing demand for IT support, Starbucks plans to automate the provisioning of IT services shared by its widely dispersed users. Starbucks has more than 49,000 employees at its offices and retail sites. Managers at these sites currently submit written requests for administrative, manufacturing, and retail-related IT services to the firm's central IT department, which then out sources those requests to local staff or systems integrators. Data warehousing and Mining: the need for more information about European consumers will become essential to effectively penetrate the European market.Software/MultimediaIT Software to improve efficiency: Starbuck expects new Scale Inc.'s Request Center software to provide it with better visibility into the pipeline of employee requests, slash in half the time it takes to deliver a request to the right IT personnel, and cut the wait for services by 30% to 50%. As a business, Starbucks is growing rapidly, so it needs to speeds up the provisioning of supplies and equipment to its staff. Increase use of teleconferencing: In order to evaluate the progress of Starbucks European expansion, top-level executives have to keep in contact with their European counterparts. Since the September 11 incident, Starbucks might prefer to try to keep their top-level executives at home away from possible terrorist harm. Therefore, teleconferencing between European and US headquarters might prove to be safer than sending top- level executives to Europe by plane. Energy SystemsEnergy Consumption: Due to rapid expansion into Europe, Starbucks will have to find ways to save on electricity and heating in their retail stores. They need to use more effective energy saving technologies to lower their future costs of electricity and heating. Architecture/ Facilities Design European retail stores: Since most of the European buildings are several centuries old and there are laws that prevent demolition or exterior changes of these buildings, it will not be easy for Starbucks to find land to build retail stores or to put their company logo on an old building.      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