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INTRODUCTION Draw the elliptical orbit
model with Ms. Williams
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Problem: What do the elliptical orbits of the planets look like?
2. Research: German astronomer Johannes Kepler solved a major puzzle of the solar system! The strange back-and forth motions of the planets in the sky were impossible to predict until Kepler figured out the true shapes of the planetary orbits around the sun. Orbits were always believed to be circular, but Kepler used mathematics to discover they were actually elliptical. An ellipse is an oval that is characterized by two quantities. The first quantity is the width of the ellipse, which is called the major axis. The second quantity is called the eccentricity, which is a measure of how stretched out the ellipse is. Eccentricity is defined by the distance between two determined points within the ellipse called the foci. This distance is between the foci is the focal length. Once Kepler understood the proper nature of orbits, the movements of the planets in the sky could be predicted with precision.
3. Hypothesis: whether the shapes of the planets orbits will be more circular or more elongated. ____________________________________________________________________________
4. Experiment:Data Table 1:
Formula for eccentricity= ___________________
Ellipse (color)
Major Axis (cm)Focal Length (cm)
(distance between Sun Pin and 2nd pin)EccentricityGreen Planet10cmRed Planet8cmBlue Planet6cmOrange Planet4cmYellow Planet2cm5. ANALYSIS & 6. CONCLUSIONS
1. Look at your drawings and data table 1, then examine the pattern between eccentricity and flatness of your ellipses. What would the eccentricity be for a perfect circle?
MercuryE= 0.206JupiterE=0.048VenusE=0.007SaturnE=0.056EarthE=0.017Halleys CometE=0.967MoonE=0.055MarsE=0.093
Data Table 2:
2. Which planets have a nearly circular orbit?
3. Which planet has the most elliptical orbit?
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some solar system objects:
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