ࡱ> \_[ *bjbj&W&W XD=D="+4"""h<|"P'BBXXX333&&&&&&&$H(*d&33333&XX ''&'&'&3n XX&'&3&'&'&'&Xe4J!'&& '0P''&^+K$^+'&^+'&33'&33333&&9%333P'3333^+333333333$ : THE TENSES Rgles gnrales Tous les temps continus (tre en train de): be (au temps voulu) + verbe en ING Tous les temps perfects: have (au temps voulu) + participe pass Toutes les voix passives: be (au temps voulu) + participe pass Exemples Infinifive continous de eat Present continuous de eat Past continuous de eat Future continuous de eat Conditional continuous de eat Present perfect continuous de eat Past perfect continuous de eat Present perfect de try Past perfect de try Future perfect de try Conditional perfect de try Present simple passive de interview Present continuous passive de interview Past simple passive de interview Past continuous passive de interview Present perfect simple passive Future simple passive Future perfect passive Conditional simple passive Conditional perfect passive THE IMPERATIVE ordres/invitations Open the door, will you? Dont forget to bring your books to school! (Dont) Lets start the game now!! Lets not start the game now! THE SIMPLE PRESENT !!!!! S la 3 personne singulier/ do-does/ 1/ Vrits gnrales/habitudes/actions rptes (Adverbes de frquence/ twice a week/ every Tuesday/ ) I dont often work on Sundays He lives in a flat The sun rises in the East. What do you do? I work in a bank! 2/ Remplace un futur quand on parle horaire (transports en commun/cinma/ ) His train arrives at 8 pm tomorrow 3/ Remplace un futur simple dans une subordonne de temps (introduite par as soon as/when/before/ ) My parents will buy a new car when they have enough money. As soon as I am 18, I will take my driving test. I will tell John the story when I see him. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS 1/ indique quune action temporaire est en train de se drouler (Now-at present-at the moment-today-this week (for a limited period of time)) What are you doing here? He is living in a flat (if its temporary). Its raining today. 2/ remplace un futur pour une action arrange, planifie par le sujet du verbe We are going to the cinema tonight. I am spending my holidays in Greece next summer. 3/ indique quune habitude de qqn ennuie le speaker (avec always) (toujours en train de ..) He is always telling me what to do! I am fed up. He is always complaining!! Attention aux verbes qui ne peuvent pas se mettre au continu de par leur sens (on ne peut pas tre en train de ) : understand/ love/ want/see (dans le sens de voir: I see a car coming mais I am seeing my girlfriend tomorrow dans le sens de rencontrer /think (dans le sens davoir une opinion : I think this guy is crazy mais dans le sens de rver : I am thinking of my grand-father)/ taste: This soup tastes good -I am tasting the soup to check if it is ok ) etc To be peut se mettre au continu dans le cas dun comportement inhabituel dune personne. He is mean! (cest sa nature).-He is being mean! He isnt usually like that! (dans cette situation bien precise, il lest mais pas dhabitude, ce nest pas son caractre) THE SIMPLE PAST !!!-ED ou verbes irrguliers/did-didnt Last/ ago/ (the day before) yesterday 1/ habitudes dans le pass (adv. de frquence possibles) Did you sometimes go to school on foot when you were young? 2/ action unique dans le pass et la dure nest pas accentue-un fait est mentionn I watched tv last night. I lived in a village when I was young. 3/ indique une action, un tat imaginaire If I was rich, I would buy a new house. I wish I were a good guitar player THE PAST CONTINUOUS 1/ on insiste sur la dure dune action passe qui tait en train de se drouler a/ quand une autre survint We were playing tennis when it started to rain. What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday? b/ un moment prcis What were you doing yesterday at 8 pm? c/ en mme temps quune autre (while) We were watching tv while my parents were reading last night. THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Have/has (not) + participe pass (rgulier ou pas) 1/ indique une action rpte/ habituelle du pass jusquau prsent (utilisation de since/ for ou in my life exprims ou sous-entendus en fonction du contexte) I have seen him several times since he had his accident I have been to Ireland many times (in my life) How long have you lived in this village? 2/ avec les mots suivants Today/ this week (on est toujours dans cette priode, la priode nest pas encore passe) I have worked hard today (et laction est termine pour aujourdhui) I have talked to her this week Many things have happened this year (possible jusquen dcembre)!) This actress has played in many movies (in her life, she is still alive) So far, in my life, its the first (second) time (in my life), up to now, ever, never (je vis toujours) I have visited 10 European countries (in my life, so far, up to now) I have never visited my cousins. Have you ever seen a ghost? Recently, lately I havent played tennis recently Already, not yet I have already finished the job but she hasnt started yet. Just I have just met your brother! 3/ une action passe a des consquences dans le prsent et ce sont ces consquences dans le prsent qui sont significatives I am looking for my wallet (consequence)! I have lost it. Can you see it? It has stopped raining. We can go out now(consequence)! PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 1/ une action a commenc dans le pass et est toujours en train de se drouler maintenant (utilisation de since/for exprime ou sous-entendue) I have been working hard today (pas termin!) (contraste avec I have worked hard today: action finie) I have been reading for 2 hours How long have you been waiting? The ground is wet. Its been raining. (il pleut toujours) (It has rained serait une consquence et en plus, il ne pleut plus) PAST PERFECT SIMPLE Had + participe pass (rgulier ou pas) 1/ se situe avant une autre action passe Before we went to the restaurant yesterday, we had been to the cinema. 2/ voir le present perfect et transposer ces rgles dans le pass When I met him yesterday, he had just finished his job. He had been a teacher since 1975 before he died PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Be au past perfect =Had been + verbe en ing 1/ se situe avant une action passe voir le present perfect continuous et transposer dans le pass We had been reading outside for 2 hours when it started to rain. How long had you been waiting before he arrived? When we went out last night, it had been snowing. TO BE GOING TO 1/ indique l intention du sujet de la phrase mais les choses nont pas encore t planifies, ni arranges (contraste avec le Present Continuous) They are going to spend their holidays in Greece. What are you going todo? She explained she was going to move to another town. 2/ Qqc va se passer, cest clair pour le speaker en fonction des circonstances nonces Look at the sky (circonstances)! It is going to rain Please, slow down (circonstances-you are driving too fast)! We are going to have an accident! THE SIMPLE FUTURE !!! will-wont Next/ tomorrow/ the day after tomorrow/ in 10 years !!! attention! ce temps est remplac par le prsent simple dans les subordonnes temporelles (voir le prsent simple) 1/ indique que qqc se passera dans le futur mais sans connotation particulire (voir la diffrence avec to be going to) My parents will call you when they have returned from Greece (utilis dans la principale-pas ...be going to- quand on a une subordonne introduite par when/ as soon as/ if) We will go to the USA next summer if it is possible Moores new film will be released next week 2/ on prend une dcision et on lexprime spontanment I will have a coke, please!! Dont worry! I will find a solution! 3/ indique un comportement habituel chez qqn He will always try to help you. Thats like him! He will always repeat the same things several times! 4/ utilis avec probably/ perhaps/ I think/ I am sure/ It is likely that My father will probably buy a new car He thinks he will find a solution THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS This time tomorrow I will be playing tennis THE FUTURE PERFECT By this time tomorrow I will have finished the job Attention la subordonne de temps! I will call you when I will have finished the job THE CONDITIONAL SIMPLE Would-wouldnt 1/ quand il y a condition He would be happy if you visited him 2/ indique un comportement habituel de qqn dans le pass I remember him! He would always speak about his travels when you met him. 3/ dans le discours indirect He told me he wouldnt cometo your party! 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