ࡱ> bda#` &bjbj 4T@@@@lD5jY5[5[5[5[5[5[5$D7h9555 + + + Y5 +Y5 + +:/,0 8@Y(+0 Y550550RT:o(T:00JT:0 +55*5D@@ Anatomy, Physiology, & Pathophysiology Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes a- without or absence of: (asepsis, avascular tissue) ab- away from: (abduction) acro- top or end: (acromion process) ad- to or towards: (adduction, adductor muscle) aesth feeling: anesthesia) algia pain: (neuralgia) ambi- both: (ambidexterous) amubl- walk: (ambulatory) an- without: (anaerobic respiration) ante- before, in front of: (antecerebellar) anti- against: (antibacterial, antibiotic, antidepressant) append- to hang something: (appendicular) -ase enzyme: (amylase, lipase, carboxypeptidase) aud- hear: (auditory) aug- increase: (augmentation) auto- self: (autoimmune disorder) bi- two: (bicuspid valve, bipolar disorder, bisexual) -blast budding:(osteoblasts, blastocyst) brady- slow: (bradycardia) bronch windpipe:(bronchus) carcin cancer: (carcinoma, carcinogen) cardi heart:(pericardium, cardiac) carp wrist:(carpals) -centesis surgical puncture :(amniocentesis, thoracentesis) cephal- head: (cephalic artery) -cidal killing : (gemacidal) -clast broken:(osteoclasts) cleav to divide:(cleavage) contra- against: (contraceptive device, contralateral) corpus body: (corpus callosum) cut- skin:(subcutaneous) cyst- bladder : (cystoscopy) cyt- cell: (cytology) -cyte cell: (osteocyte, leukocyte, erythrocyte) dendr- tree:(dendrite) dent- tooth: (dentist, dentition) derm- skin:(dermis) di- two: (disaccharide) diastol- dilation:(diastole, diastolic) dis- to undo; free from: (dislocation, disorder) dors- back:(dorsal) dur- hard: (dura mater) ecto- outside: (ectopic pregnancy) -ectomy excision or surgical removal: (appendectomy, hysterectomy) embol- stopper:(embolism) -emia blood condition, something in the blood: (hypercholesterolemia) encephal- brain: (encephalitis, encephalogram) endo- within: (endoplasmic reticulum, endoderm) enter- intestines: (enterococcal infection) epi- upon: (epithelial tissue, epicardium, epidermal) erythr- red: (erythrocyte) exo- outside: (exocrine gland, exoskeleton) extra- outside: (extracellular) fiss- split: (fissure) flex- bend: (flexors) fol- leaf: (folate, folic acid) gangli- a swelling:(ganglion) gastr- stomach:(gastric gland, gastroscopy) -gen substances that produce or cause: (carcinogen, antigen) -genic producing or causing: (carcinogenic) germ- to bud or sprout: (germinal epithelium) gest- carry: (gestational) -glia glue:(neuroglia) glomer- cluster: (glomerulus) glot- language: (glottis, epiglottis) glyc- sweet: (glycogen, glycoprotein) gno- know: (diagnosis) -gram something written: (echocardiogram) gust- taste (gustatory nerve) gyn- woman: (gynecologist) hema- blood:(hematoma) hepat- liver:(hepatic duct, hepatitis, hepatocyte) homeo- same:(homeostasis) humor- fluid:(humoral, aqueous humor) hydr- water: (hydrostatic pressure, hydrocephaly) hyper- above: (hypertonic) hypo- below: (hypotonic) hyster- uterus: (hysterectomy) -ia condition of diseased or abnormal state: (ischemia) im- not: (imbalance, impotence) infra- under; below: (infraorbital foramen) inter- between: (interphase, intercostal muscle) intra- inside: (intramembranous ossification, intracellular fluid) -ism state of: (hyperthyroidism) iso- equal: (isotonic, isometric) -itis inflammation: (myocarditis) kal potassium: (hyperkalemia) lact- milk: (lactation) lat- wide: (latissumus dorsi) leuko- white: (leukocyte) lig- bind: (ligament) lin- line: (linea alba) lip- fat:(lipids) -logy study of:(physiology, biology) macro- large: (macrobiotic, macrocephaly, macrophage) mal- bad: (malformation, malady) mand- place in hands: (mandible) -mania madness or insane desire: (egomania) mater- mother: (dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater) -megaly enlargement: (acromegaly) melan- black:(melanin, melanocyte) mening- membrane:(meninges) meso- middle: (mesoderm) meta- after: (metacentric chromosome, metacarpals) micro- small: (microbiology, microvilli) mict- to pass urine:(micturition) mono- one: (monosaccharide) morb- illness: (morbidity) morph- shape or form: (polymorhic neutrophils) mort- death: (mortal wound, mortuary science, mortician) multi- many: (multifactorial, multinucleate cells) mut- change: (mutation, mutagen) myo- muscle:(myofibril, myoglobin) necr- death: (necrotic tissue) neo- new: (neonatal) nephr- kidney:(nephron) neur- nerve: (neuron, neurohypophysis) noct night: (nocturia) ocul- eye: (ocular nerve) olfact- to smell:(olfactory bulbs) oligo- few: (oligodendrites) -ologist one who studies and practices: (cardiologist, gynecologist) -oma tumor or swelling: (carcinoma) oo- egg or ovum: (oocyte) -opia vision: (myopia) -opsy to view: (autopsy) opthalm- eye: (ophthalmologist) -orrhea flow excessive discharge: (amenorrhea, gonorrhea) ortho- correct: (orthopedics) -osis abnormal increase in production:(leukocytosis) oss- bone:(osseous tissue) oste- bone: (osteoblasts) -ostomy creation of an artificial opening: (ileostomy) -otomy cut into or incision: (appendectomy) -oxia oxygen: (anoxia) palp- feel or touch: (palpate) para- beside: (parathyroid glands) patho- disease: (pathogen, pathology,pathophysiology) -pathy disease: (cardiomyopathy) pector- chest: (pectoralis major) pedi- child: (pediatrician) ped- foot: (pedicle) peri- surrounding: (pericardial, perianal, periaortic) phag- to eat: (Phagocytosis, phagocyte) phil- love or tendency toward: (hydrophilic) phleb- vein: (phlebitis, phlebotomy) phys- nature: (physician) pino- to drink:(Pinocytosis) plasm- substance: (cytoplasm) pleur- rib:(pleural membrane, pleural fluid) pneum- breath: (pneumonia) pod- foot: (podiatrist) poly- many: (polyunsaturated, polydactyly) post- after: (posttraumatic stress, postnasal drip) pre- before: (premature, prenatal) proct- rectum: (proctological exam, proctologist) pseudo- false: (pseudostratified epithelium, pseudodementia) psych- mind: (psychiatrist) pylor- gatekeeper:(pyloric sphincter) pyr fever or fire: (pyrogens) rect- straight: (abdominus rectus) ren kidney: (renal failure, renin) retro- back or behind: (retro-virus, retrosternal) rhea- flow or gush: (amenorrhea, galactorrhea) rupt- burst: (ruptured appendix) sacchar- sugar:(monosaccharides) sarco- flesh:(sarcoplasm, sarcolemma) sat- enough: (saturated) scend- climb: (ascend, descend) scler- hard:(sclera, sclerotic veins, scleroderma) -sclerosis hardening: (multiple sclerosis) -scope instrument used for visual examination: (gastroscope) scopy visual examination: (colonoscopy) sect- cut: (dissect, transect, bisect) semi- half: (semilunar valves, semicircular canal) -sepsis infection: (urosepsis) sept poison, from rot: (septic, septicemia) somat body: (somatic cells) -spasm sudden involuntary muscle contraction: (muscle spasm) spir- breathe: (respiration, spirometer) squam- scale:(squamous epithelium) stasis- standing still:(homeostasis) strat- layer:(pseudostratified columnar epithelium) sub- under or below: (subarachnoid space, subclavian artery) super- over or above: (superior vena cava) syn- together or joined:(synthesis, syndrome) systol- contraction: (systole, systolic pressure) tachy- rapid:(tachycardia) tact- touch: (tactile) tend- stretch: (tendon) tetra- four: (tetracycline, tetraiodothyronine) thromb- clot:(thrombocyte, thrombolitic agent) thyr- thyroid gland: (thyroidectomy) -tomy cutting:(anatomy, appendectomy) tox- poison: (toxicology) trans- through, across, beyond: (transfusion, transmission) tri- three: (triglyceride, triiodothyronine) uni- one: (unipolar neurons) ventr- belly or stomach:(ventricle, ventral view) vill- hair:(villi, microvilli)  >FK`    / 3 D E L P ^ _ e l  ĺະvທhy h?OJQJ^Jhy h?>*OJQJh?OJQJh?>*OJQJ^JhTh?>*OJQJ^Jh?OJQJ^Jh?OJQJ^Jh! h?>*OJQJ^JhP h?>*OJQJ^JhP h?OJQJ^JhP h[` OJQJhA9OJQJ-F~ ( E _  M c  % D n ,  & F^gdXdgdXd& ! 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