ࡱ> vyu_ .bjbj .hbb%#8Nl|J66666IIIIIII$K^NII66IWWWj66IWIWW GDH6`5Z;{6MH&kII0JsH&NNLHHjNIhWIIJN : A noun is a word used to denote a person, place, thing, or idea. Write 3 examples of each type of noun: Person: _______________________________________________________ Place: _______________________________________________________ Thing: _______________________________________________________ Idea: _______________________________________________________ In Spanish, all nouns are either _________________ or ____________________. Many times, you can identify if a word is ____________________ or ____________________ by the ending of the word. Words that end with _______ are usually ________________, and words that end in ___________ are usually _______________________. MasculineFeminineel chico ________________________________la chica _______________________________El abuelo ________________________________La abuela _______________________________el libro book la revista magazineEl hijo ________________________________La hija ________________________________The idea that nouns have _______________ seems perfectly natural when the noun stands for a ________________ creature. This is because in English, living creatures often have different names, depending upon whether they are _____________ or __________________. English Examples: manwomantigertigressaviatoraviatrix Write another English example in the blank space. __________________________ The following Spanish nouns all denote living creatures. el gato male catla gata female catEl hermano _________________________________La hermana _______________________________el chico _________________________________la chica _______________________________el amigo _________________________________la amiga _______________________________ How are all of these masculine nouns alike? el gato el hermano el chico el amigo How are all of these feminine nouns alike? la gata la hermana la chica Not all words that end in o are masculine, and not all words that end in a are feminine. Can you think of a word that we have learned in our greetings last week that ends in an a but is masculine? Articles Continued "El" and "la" both mean "the." el chico (the boy) la chica (the girl) El Nio (little girl) La Nia (little boy) Note: ______________ and ______________ are called "definite articles." A definite article is ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. An Indefinite article is: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. What is the difference between Definite and indefinite articles? Definite articles describe a ______________________ thing. Example: give me ________________ book Indefinite articles are _____________________ about what they label. Example: give me ________________ book It doesnt say which book! It just says __________ book! Gender In Spanish One cannot predict the _____________ of a noun that stands for a non-living thing. Try to predict whether the Spanish words for the following things are ______________ or ____________: book ____________________ house ____________________ money ____________________ window ____________________ One _______________ predict the ____________________ of a noun, except in the case of ______________________ creatures. Do not try to analyze the nature of the object, looking for some inherent masculinity or femininity. It won't work! Take a guess. Do you think the Spanish word for "dress" is ____________________ or __________________? ___________________ vestido Take another guess. Do you think the Spanish word for "necktie" is masculine or feminine? _____________________ corbata  When you learn a new noun, you should also learn its definite article (el, la). There are several reasons for this: Because you cannot _________________ the _________________ of most _________________. Because not every _________________ that ends in __________ is ____________________, and not every ___________________ that ends in ___________ is _____________________. Because many ________________ end in ________________ other than o or a. Because the definite article (el, la) is your ____________________ as to whether a ____________________is ______________________ or __________________. Why do you care whether a noun is masculine or feminine? Good question! As you shall see in upcoming lessons, Spanish places a great deal more emphasis on gender than does English. Hints Masculine nouns that end in a consonant often have a corresponding _______________ that ends in __________________. Examples: el profesor la ____________________ el doctor la ____________________ el seor la ____________________ Some nouns that refer to people use the ____________ form for __________ masculine and feminine. These nouns indicate _________________ by the article (el or la). el estudiante ______ estudiante _____ pianista la pianista el artista ______ artista Nouns that end in -sin, -cin, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre are ___________________. Examples: Some nouns that end in ________ are _________________. Examples: Many nouns that end in _______ are ____________________. Notice that _________ of the ______________ nouns listed above end in -ma. More examples: Note: A few nouns that end in ____________ are ________________, such as _____________ and __________________. Thats why its helpful to memorize the article when you memorize the words! Four of the nouns that end in ________ are masculine. These words are simply exceptions and must be memorized. A few nouns that end in ____________ are feminine. All about Articles You now know most of the rules for determining the ______________ of a noun. Whenever you learn a new ______________, learn it complete with its _______________ article (___, _____). ______________ articles are the subject of what we will read about today. In Spanish, not just people, but __________________ in creation has _______________________! When you refer to people and animals, understanding gender use in Spanish is easy because ________________ is a part of their essence just as with flowers; everyone knows that flowers are pollinated, needing both genders to produce fruit and seeds. So why not refer to all things that grow with names that are marked by gender? And if things that grow have gender, why not give everything (and every word) that privilege? Many languages spread this gender thing into their universe. English isn't the only exception it simply belongs to those languages that don't. A noun's _______________ conditions everything around it, just as your own gender conditions your lifestyle. For example, in English, the word "piano" has no gender. But in Spanish, the word piano (pee-ah-noh) ends in an o, and can therefore only be _____________________. Consequently, piano has a male definite article before it ________ piano, (ehl pee-ah-noh) (the piano). Lots about articles In English, you use the articles the and a or an without knowing the subject's gender, or even caring whether a _____________ or __________________ word comes after it very comfortable, but also very vague. However, with Spanish _____________________, you can point out when you're referring to _________________ or several specific beings or things, and in the same breath, you can specify their ___________________. _______________________________________________________________ el (ehl) (the male the, singular) OR la (lah) (the female the, singular) los (lohs) (the male the, plural) las (lahs) (the female the, plural) And, four ways to say a or an: un (oon) (the male a or an) OR una (oo-nah) (the female a or an) unos (oo-nohs) (the plural of un) unas (oo-nahs) (the plural of una) ________________________________________________________________________ So how do you know when to use which article? It's easy. When the noun ends in ______ it's usually _____________. If a word ends in _____, it's usually _______________. If the word ends in another letter, you may have a bit of trouble figuring out which gender it is. The easy part to remember is that when you see an "_____________" at the ______________ of the word, you know the word is __________________. Here are some examples: el nio ________________________________________________ los nios ________________________________________________ un nio ________________________________________________ unos nios ________________________________________________ la nia ________________________________________________ las nias ________________________________________________ una nia ________________________________________________ unas nias ________________________________________________ Look at the los nios entry in the preceding list and notice that the translation is plural for both "the boys" and "the children." When you have mixed company (both the male and females genders are present), you use the ___________________ plural article. So los nios can mean "_____________" or "_______________ and ______________." You follow the same pattern with ______________.Plurals: How do I make a word plural? Usually, to make a word plural in Spanish, you: add an ___________ to the end of the word! However, if a noun ends a _________________, before adding the s to turn it into a plural, Spanish inserts an e. Following are some examples: Examples:     Articles in Spanish !hipq( ) . / 0 1 i j   ' 񢒢tthhZXCJOJQJaJhhCJOJQJaJhh\5CJOJQJaJhh5CJOJQJaJh7fh7fCJOJQJaJhh7fCJOJQJaJ"hh\5CJOJQJ\aJhh}XCJOJQJaJhh\CJOJQJaJ(ij   dh$Ifgd7fKkd$$IfK0;63%4Ka dh$Ifgd7fdhgd7f dh^gd7fdhgd7f   H I j r y = M , - ^ z μݼμݼݭݭݭݭݞ~ݭoohh7fCJOJQJaJhhZX5CJOJQJaJhh7f5CJOJQJaJhhZXCJOJQJaJhhCJOJQJaJ"hh\5CJOJQJ\aJhh}XCJOJQJaJhh\CJOJQJaJ%hh\5>*CJOJQJ\aJ+   ? 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PieniaszekPieniaszek, Angela M.L           Oh+'0 (4 T ` l xArticles in SpanishA. PieniaszekNormalPieniaszek, Angela M.13Microsoft Office Word@;@^oW@Fϵ1@VJ; < ՜.+,0 hp  WCPSD% Articles in Spanish Title  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012346789:;<>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdfghijklnopqrstwx{Root Entry FPaa;zData 51Table=>OWordDocument .hSummaryInformation(eDocumentSummaryInformation8mMsoDataStore6;`5Z;NEKTUS2IAQ==26;`5Z;Item  PropertiesUCompObj r   F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q