ࡱ> OQJKLMN{` bjbjFF ,,%BBBBBBB4vh$v{nҬή"0$zzzzzzz$~hedziBZA@ZZzBB0I{___ZfBB0z_Zz__n|BBDo@Ƭ @8M S ovyD_{0{2oɁZɁ$DoDoNɁBuѲg_ { ѲѲѲzz^jѲѲѲ{ZZZZvvv$\r7vvvrvvvBBBBBB News Clippings of the Synthetic Peroxide (OZ) Story 18-23 August Wires Reuters AP AFP DPA Al Jazeera Australia (total of more than 56 radio broadcasts, 6 national papers and 3 national TV broadcasts) ABC Radio ABC TV SBS TV The Age Sydney Morning Herald The Australian Bangladesh The Daily Star Brazil Folha Meio Norte Correio do Estado Canada Radio Canada China Xinhua News France Le Monde Le Figaro LExpress France 2 TV I Tele- Channel Plus Dernires Nouvelles d'Alsace Germany Wendlinger Zeitung Deutche Welle Fraenkischer Tag Die Welt Walsroder Zeitung Hersbrucker zeitung Pegnitz Zeitung Hungary Plivazdravlje India India Daily The Hindu The Hindustan Times The Indian Express The Telegraph (Calcutta) Indonesia Republica Kenya Kenya Broadcasting Corp. Mexico Noticias Pakistan Daily Times Peru Noticias Poland Rzeczpospolita Portugal RDP Portugese Broadcasting Company (broadcasting to all African Lusophone countries) Serbia RTS (Radio-Television Serbia) South Africa The Independent The Sunday Times South Korea Bosa Spain Elmundo La Clave Noticias Switzerland Basler Zietung Tages-Anzeiger TSR (Television Suisse Romand) Tiscali News U.K Financial Times Daily Telegraph The Times The Guardian The Independent The Scotsman The Herald BBC World Today (TV, on-line and radio: English, Spanish, Hungarian, Chinese and others) Channel 4 TV Nature News on-line New Scientist U.S. New York Times Omaha World Herald Voice of America Venezuela Union Radio El Tiempo El Nacional Vietnam Vietnam News Agency Other Environmental News Network (ENN) World Health News (Harvard) Health24 Fablis News Medical News Today  HYPERLINK "http://news.ft.com/cms/s/b40e143c-f17b-11d8-95b8-00000e2511c8.html" \o "http://news.ft.com/cms/s/b40e143c-f17b-11d8-95b8-00000e2511c8.html" \t "_blank" Financial Times (UK) 'BETTER, CHEAPER' MALARIA MEDICINE BEGINS HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS Geoff Dyer Scientists will announce today the discovery of a new malaria medicine that could be more effective and considerably cheaper than the best drugs currently available. In what could be one of the biggest recent breakthroughs in the treatment of malaria, which has been on the rise in much of sub-Saharan Africa for two decades, the drug has entered the first phase of clinical trials in humans. Researchers in the US, Australia and Switzerland believe they have developed a synthetic version of the powerful artemisinin malaria therapies, which do not suffer from the resistance problems that other drugs face, but which are too expensive for most patients in developing countries. Details of the discovery - a goal scientists have been working on for 15 years - will be published in today's edition of the science journal Nature. "This new class [of drugs] could offer the best solution to date for destroying drug-resistant malaria," said Paul O'Neill at the University of Liverpool. The drug is the flagship project of Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), one of a number of public-private partnerships that have been set up in recent years to foster research into medicines for the developing world, which will then be made available at low prices. The Geneva-based non-profit group backed the research and has a patent on the molecule. It will also be a big test of the drug development expertise of Ranbaxy, the Indian company that is conducting the development work in partnership with MMV. Artemisinin-based drugs, which are derived from a plant used for centuries in Chinese herbal medicine, have been available for a number of years to treat malaria. Unlike traditional malaria drugs such as the chloroquines, they have encountered no resistance among patients in sub-Saharan Africa. However, because the raw material has to be derived from a plant, they are 10-20 times more expensive to make than the older drugs. Moreover, as the drugs are short-acting, patients need regular doses, which can lead to poor compliance. The scientists behind the synthetic version of the artemisinin drugs come from the University of Nebraska in the US, Monash University in Australia, the Swiss Tropical Institute, and the Swiss drugs group Roche. If the drug - currently known as OZ277 - makes it through clinical trials, it should be much cheaper to produce than the artemisinin derivatives. The scientists believe the compound is also more powerful than the existing medicines, which could mean patients would need fewer drugs. Malaria causes 1m deaths a year and is the biggest killer of young children in sub-Saharan Africa. International health organisations estimate that 300m-500m treatments are needed each year for the disease. However, the artemisinin-based drugs are not widely used at the moment in Africa because of the cost. *********************************************************************************************************** The Times (UK) A sweet pill: A new anti-malarial drug promises more than a cure In the sad task of getting to grips with a global Aids epidemic, the worlds second most deadly disease has been overshadowed. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 38 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2003; almost three million were killed by Aids the same year. Malaria, in contrast, is reckoned to have caused the deaths of a million people last year. It is the number one killer of young children in sub-Saharan Africa, where a child dies of malaria every 30 seconds. As a result of the malaria parasites daunting ability to evolve to resist new drugs as they become widely used, the number of deaths from the disease in Africa is on the increase. And those who do not die may well be debilitated. Yesterdays announcement from the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), an international public-private partnership aimed at developing and delivering new anti-malarial drugs, is at least some welcome news for that sorry region of the world. Scientists sponsored by MMV have developed a new drug, known as OZ, a synthetic compound which copies the molecular structure of the most effective existing anti-malarial medicine but which, because it is synthetic, will be much cheaper to produce. It is expected to cost less than a single dollar to cure an adult of malaria using OZ, putting the treatment within reach of poor countries in Africa, South America and Asia where malaria is endemic. Tests of the new drugs efficacy will begin next year and scientists are optimistic about its potential. OZ also represents a breakthrough of a broader kind: it proves the potential for public-private partnership, in pursuit of a common good, on a global scale. The drug was developed by MMV, a non-profit-making body, in partnership with an Indian pharmaceutical company Ranbaxy. Scientists from the University of Nebraska, Monash University in Australia, the Swiss Tropical Institute and F. Hoffman Roche worked together on the original research. Some two thirds of MMVs funding comes from the US entrepreneur Bill Gates, via the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation which has donated $65 million (35million) over eight years. The UKs Department for International Development gives 1 million a year. The Rockefeller Foundation, WHO, the World Bank and the Swiss, Dutch and US governments all contribute, as well as the Wellcome Trust, ExxonMobil and BHP-Billiton. The international pharmaceutical industry also participates. Profits from OZ, which are expected to be small, will be split between Ranbaxy and MMV, which will plough the money back into further research. The dispute over treatments for Aids in the Third World has pitted non-governmental organisations, some worthy, some not, against Western goverments and pharmaceutical companies. The latter, particularly in the US, have been accused of conspiring to keep up the price of Aids drugs in the developing world. American politicians and pharmaceutical industry representatives protest that this conveniently overlooks the fact that research into the Aids-tackling drugs was carried out in the US, at the ultimate expense of American consumers who subsidised a multibillion-dollar project. The excellent work of MMV has the potential, thankfully, to transform the territory. It proves that where the will, the funding and the right organisational skills exist, public and private, voluntary and philanthropic organisations can successfully be linked to tackle some of the worlds great challenges. It is not only the ravaged peoples of sub-Saharan Africa who should today be celebrating an apparent cure which could prove efficacious in unexpected ways. Daily Telegraph (UK) Chairman Mao's secret cure for malaria By Roger Highfield (Filed: 19/08/2004) A synthetic version of a drug used for more than 1,500 years in Chinese medicine is hailed today as a breakthrough in efforts to reduce the million deaths caused each year by malaria. Treatment based on the Chinese herbal remedy qinghaosu was developed during Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution but tensions with the West delayed its spread. Today, derivatives of artemisinin, a compound extracted from sweet wormwood, offer the most effective antimalarial therapy available. Malaria parasites have never evolved resistance to it. Like all drugs, artemisinin-based drugs have drawbacks: relatively expensive extraction - the plant takes about 18 months to grow; treatment regimens can be too long for the Third World and, although it can quickly kill 96 per cent of the parasites, it has to be combined with longer acting variants to be completely effective. Dr Jonathan Vennerstrom and colleagues say in the journal Nature they have made a fast-acting synthetic counterpart to artemisinin in which many of those problems have been overcome. Dubbed OZ, the drug has entered clinical trials on 48 people in Britain. Initial studies suggest it is well-tolerated in healthy volunteers. This new class of drug is "a huge breakthrough," said Dr Paul O'Neill, of Liverpool University. It is being developed by Ranbaxy Laboratories in India after various studies around the world. Because OZ is a synthetic drug, its costs can be significantly reduced as industrial production is easier. The drug will be tried on malaria patients in January. The non-profit public private partnership driving drug development, Medicines for Malaria Venture, said yesterday it could become the most potent weapon against drug-resistant malaria, which affects 40 per cent of the global population. Standard cheap malaria drugs are failing as much as 80 per cent of the time as malaria parasites become more resistant to older drugs, such as chloroquine. Standard cheap medicines are rendered useless in sub-Saharan Africa where every 30 seconds, a child dies of malaria. Prof Andrew Read, of Edinburgh University, welcomed the advance but added: "There is always great optimism when a new 'wonder drug' comes along yet malaria parasites are extremely adept at evolving drug resistance." **********************************************************************  HYPERLINK "http://www.guardian.co.uk" The Guardian (UK) New drug boosts world fight against malaria Treatment mimicking herbal remedy could be biggest breakthrough for a generation in combating disease that ravages Africa Tim Radford, science editor Thursday August 19, 2004 A new drug developed in India and based on a herb discovered in China could prove to be the biggest breakthrough in malaria treatment for a generation, scientists say today. Malaria kills a child every 30 seconds in Africa. Worldwide, it kills more than a million people every year and 40% of the planet is always at risk. Malarial parasites have steadily become resistant to older treatments. But researchers from the US, Switzerland, Australia and Britain report in Nature today on a synthetic drug that mimics a Chinese treatment called artemisinin, itself based on the herb sweet wormwood or Artemisia annua. Because the new drug is entirely factory made it could be cheaper, more consistent and produced more swiftly than any herbal extracts. Safety tests on the drug, nicknamed OZ277, have begun in Britain. Tests for efficacy in malaria patients will begin in January. The drug is produced by a partnership called Medicines for Malaria Venture. Although the research began in Europe and the US, the drug was developed by Ranbaxy Laboratories, a partner company in India. The announcement was hailed by UK scientists as a major advance. Artemisia has been known as a herbal remedy for 1,500 years, but its value in malarial treatments was first observed about 30 years ago. Artemisinin, extracted from artemisia, is now in frequent use. It works by killing the parasite - spread by a malarial mosquito - as it circulates through the human bloodstream. But its manufacture is both difficult and expensive. "This is because the plant takes about 18 months to grow and then the drug needs to be extracted," said Brian Greenwood of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "This new research has produced a drug very similar to that from plants, but without the time and expense of waiting for the plant to grow and extracting the compound. This should make the drug easier to produce and less expensive." Sick people cannot work, and often cannot feed themselves. Malaria costs Africa an estimated6-7bn in lost production, and accounts for two fifths of all public health spending in sub-Saharan Africa. Up to 500 million doses of medicine are needed every year. ACT, based on artemisinin, is not widely used in Africa because it costs 20 to 30 times as much as the previous drugs. The discovery of a way to directly synthesise this family of compounds could cut production costs and therefore increase the availability of these drugs, and was a major step forward, said Robert Sinden, a parasite expert from Imperial College. But all scientists sounded a note of caution. Malaria is a clever enemy, and difficult to outwit for long. "There is always great optimism when a new 'wonder drug' comes along, yet malaria parasites are extremely adept at evolving drug resistance," said Andrew Read, a biologist at Edinburgh University. "Let's hope the optimism is well placed this time, though history is not on our side. "But a new drug that works even only in the medium term will save many, many lives and is to be greatly welcomed." ************************************************************************************************************* The Independent (UK) Ancient Chinese remedy may provide new treatment for malaria By Steve Connor 19 August 2004 Scientists have created a new treatment for malaria which they believe will result in a cheap, mass-produced drug to fight the disease that kills a million people a year. The researchers said that the drug was a synthetic version of the active ingredient found in a Chinese herbal remedy for malaria that has already proved an astounding success against the disease. The new synthetic drug will begin clinical trials within six months. Its synthesis in the laboratory will mean that it should be cheaper and more effective than its herbal equivalent, the scientists said. An international research team made the drug, called trioxolane or "OZ", after studying the chemical constituents of artemisinin, a herbal remedy that has been used for 1,500 years. Artemisinin is extracted from the sweet wormwood plant and, since the 1980s, has been used as the basis for making modern anti-malarial drugs such as artesunate and artemether. However, these are expensive to make and their effects are short term. Paul O'Neill, a pharmacologist at Liverpool University, said: "These artemisinin derivatives are increasingly important in the treatment of drug-resistant malaria as they are the most potent anti-malarials available." So far there have been no signs of malaria developing a resistance to artemisinin. The Herald (Scotland) Malaria: why make a killing?  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.theherald.co.uk/images/space.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  BETH PEARSON August 20 2004  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.theherald.co.uk/images/space.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  IN the UK, it is often said there is a postcode lottery for receiving certain health services. In the 41 countries in which malaria is endemic, there isn't even a lottery: nearly everyone's a loser. Malaria kills an estimated 2.5 million people a year, the majority of these African children aged below five years old. While western pharmaceutical companies have invested approximately 11bn over the past decade in "lifestyle drugs" for impotence, weight loss, baldness, smoking and ageing, the product development budget for the Tropical Disease Research (TDR) programme, a joint effort from the World Health Organisation (WHO), World Bank, and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), averages 6m per year. The victims of malaria and other neglected tropical diseases aren't living in the wrong area; they're just poor. It would be impossible for the drugs companies to make a profit in African and Asian countries where the average wage can be as little as 1 per day and, in Africa, economic growth is slowing by 1.3% per year as a direct result of malaria alone. As a result, research into tropical diseases by the pharmaceutical companies themselves is estimated to account for no more than 1% of their budget. The new generation of malaria treatments, however, may circumvent the large pharmaceutical companies altogether and a new centre opening at Dundee University next year will be in the vanguard of such research. The publication yesterday of a report detailing the development of a new malaria drug modelled on artemisinin, an extract from the Chinese sweet wormwood herb, demonstrates how scientists working in the field of tropical disease have been forced to innovate if they are to see their research become reality. The drug, known as OZ277 and developed by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), is a synthetic version of an existing treatment which can be made more cheaply and quickly than its mother drug. It has now entered human trials in the UK and will be tested for efficacy in malaria patients early next year. From the very beginning, the pharmaceutical industry had little, if any, input in the drug's development. Dr Christopher Hentschel, chief executive of MMV, says that a number of pharmaceuticals were interested in the early stages of the project, which was funded by the TDR. "In terms of pharmaceutical industry interest, essentially there wasn't any because malaria isn't commercial," he says. "The idea has a history which involved a number of pharmaceuticals including Roche. They were interested and supported some of the work at an early stage but, basically, they just did it on the side with interested scientists." When the project reached the stage of clinical development, it was decided that a pharmaceutical manufacturer should become involved. Rather than approach one of the major companies that were initially interested in the drug, however, the MMV team looked for a generic drugs manufacturer which could produce large quantities of the drug at a low cost. They began a partnership with Ranbaxy, the largest pharmaceutical company in India and one of the top 10 generic drugs companies worldwide, three years ago. MMV's operation exemplifies how drugs for neglected diseases can be developed in the absence of major investment. It is a public-private partnership, which aims to make diseases like malaria more commercially-viable for private investors. This may involve emphasising the market for anti-malarials among western travellers, who are increasingly visiting destinations where malaria is a risk, offering tax credits, reducing research costs through grants or showing that there is considerable public support for a cause. "The organisation was founded through discussion between the WHO and the representative body of the research-based pharmaceutical industry, the IFPMA (International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Associations), which is like a trade association," says Dr Hentschel. "They said they were willing to work on these kind of problems provided there was a public-private partnership involved in the management and helping fund the projects, because they obviously didn't want to be involved in funding all the projects themselves as they would never get any return on that funding. "It's much better than what was before, which is almost nothing. Now the funding is shared between the public sector and the private sector. It's certainly a model which works and that's a significant advance on what we had before." Well-funded research and development of anti-malarials is vital because malaria parasites constantly mutate and become resistant to treatments (Celtic player Bobo Balde, for one, missed Saturday's match thanks to malaria). The growing prevalence of the drug-resistant malarial strain P falciparum, is a particular concern to the WHO and the pressure to find new drugs combined with the lack of interest from pharmaceutical companies has increasingly frustrated scientists. It's this frustration that has led one Scottish university to go it alone. When the 17.5m Centre for Inter-disciplinary Studies opens at Dundee University in July next year, it will circumvent the major pharmaceutical companies entirely, and therefore revolutionise the way drugs are developed. It is thought to be the only British university to adopt such an approach. Usually, profitable drug "leads" are picked up by pharmaceutical companies from the academic research stage, but this isn't the case with tropical diseases. It's something Mike Ferguson, professor of molecular parasitology, knows only too well. "Other areas of research are very often picked up by the pharmaceutical industry because they see a nice profitable market at the end of developing it through to a medicine you can sell to patients," he says. "What goes wrong in tropical disease is the industry looks at the marketplace and sees there'd be no profitable market for it, therefore they don't do it. Rather than sitting and wringing our hands about the situation, we've decided to do something about it." Once the Dundee team has taken the drug to this stage, they will present their work to the TDR, which will put it through the clinical trial phase. "In the normal drug development world, clinical trials are a very expensive and time-consuming component of drug development," says Professor Ferguson, whose department researches African sleeping sickness and Chagas's disease as well as malaria. "Clinical trials in a tropical disease context are somewhat less expensive, not because they're done to lower standards, but because they're being conducted in endemic tropical countries where salaries of doctors and nurses are lower, the logistical costs of carrying out these kind of tests are lower and you don't have to handle any marketing costs." Without the huge burden of trial and marketing costs, public-sector academics can develop the research to the point that it can be picked up by the WHO. "That's what we're hoping to achieve. It's pretty revolutionary. I wouldn't say we're the only show in town worldwide, but the number of places taking this kind of approach is pretty small." Like MMV, the drugs developed by Ferguson and his team would be manufactured at low-cost generic drug factories in Africa and Asia, not by big pharmaceutical companies. It is expected the process will take 10 years from the point of developing drug to clinical trial standard and then from clinical trial phase to manufacturing. Hentschel welcomes Dundee's approach: "The Dundee model is about getting early stage opportunities, and that's very important and very valuable. All I can do is wish it the best of luck. We need as many of these things as possible." Ferguson envisages a cottage industry of small-scale pharmaceutical companies producing low-cost treatments for tropical diseases. Others, such as Philippe Kourilsky of the Pasteur Institute, imagine a "global, not-for-profit pharmaceutical industry". In the long term, Medicines Sans Frontieres have said the public need to take more responsibility for healthcare, with pharmaceutical industry moving out of private and into public sector. For Hentschel, the motivation will be an ethical one but the solution a practical one. "There's a strong feeling among scientists that this ought to happen," he says. "The problem is to find an organisational methodology that will allow it to happen. The pharmaceutical industry itself will not do it. The public sector, which is interested in it, cannot do it, because it doesn't have the resources and skills. Somehow you've got to get the two together." *************************************************************************************************** The Scotsman (Scotland) Drug Breakthrough in Malaria Fight By Louise Barnett, PA News A new drug based on an ancient Chinese remedy could revolutionise treatment of malaria. Clinical trials are under way in the UK to test how effectively it combats the increasingly drug-resistant malaria parasite. The drug is a synthetic, simpler version of a traditional Chinese cure which could be around five times cheaper to produce than other treatments. Malaria kills around one million people every year and causes a further 300 million to fall sick. Drugs based on the Chinese remedy artemisinin have already been developed as a means of tackling chloroquine-resistant strains of the parasite. Called RBx-11160, the new drug is a simpler, synthetic and slightly altered version of artemisinin, according to a report in Nature magazine published today. Developed by the non-profit organisation Medicines for Malaria, the drug is soluble and can be given orally or injected intravenously. In tests already carried out on infected mice, between 95% and 100% of parasites disappeared within four days following treatment with the new drug. This compares with conventional artemisinin drugs which take a week to clear 95% of parasites. The new drug entered clinical trials in Britain last month. Malaria researcher Paul ONeill, from Liverpool University, said: This is potentially extremely important. Mr ONeill said that, if the drug was found to be effective, it would probably be given to patients in combination with a second drug. The parasites find it more difficult to develop resistance when bombarded by two drugs targeting multiple pathways, he said. Malaria can be contracted by those who live in or visit around 100 countries across the tropics and subtropics, with about 40% of the worlds population at risk. Some 90% of deaths from malaria happen in sub-Saharan Africa mostly among young children. Malaria kills an African child every 30 seconds. There are four main types of malaria, which are all spread by mosquitoes. The main symptoms are high fever, chills, headache and sickness and the illness is often mistaken for flu. RBx-11160 was produced in collaboration by three academic groups and three biotechnology firms, according to Nature magazine.  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://news.scotsman.com/img/pxl.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Nature News On-Line Herbal medicine spawns antimalarial chemical  HYPERLINK "http://www.nature.com/news/about/aboutus.html" \l "Pilcher" Helen Pilcher Potent, cheap dose could tackle drug-resistant parasites. After more than a decade of research, scientists believe they have come up with a fresh line of defence against the increasingly drug-resistant malaria parasite. Results suggest that the drug, which recently entered clinical trials in Britain, could revolutionize treatment of the disease. Malaria claims around 1 million lives every year, and causes a further 300 million people to fall sick. In both Africa and Asia, the malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) is becoming resistant to drugs such as chloroquine, which has been a staple of malaria treatment since the 1960s. More recently, drugs based on the traditional Chinese remedy artemisinin have been developed. They are effective against chloroquine-resistant strains of parasite. But they can be expensive for developing nations and patients often find it difficult to stick to the weeklong course of treatment. The new medicine, called RBx-11160, is a synthetic, slightly altered version of artemisinin. It only needs to be taken for around three days, and its simple structure means it should be at least five times cheaper to produce. Its development is reported in Nature this week HYPERLINK "http://www.nature.com/news/2004/040816/full/040816-7.html" \l "B1#B1" 1. Yuanqing Tang from the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, helped to develop the drug and is excited by its prospects. "We hope RBx-11160 will prove useful for treating drug-resistant strains of the disease," he says. Chemical warhead Artemisinin-based drugs contain a hidden antimalarial warhead: a chemical bridge made of oxygen atoms. When the bridge is ruptured inside the parasite's gut, toxic free radicals are released and the microbe is destroyed. Tang and colleagues have produced an altered version of the molecule that contains extra chemical groups to make the drug soluble in water and more stable. Better solubility means the drug can be given orally or injected intravenously. Added stability means that less of the compound is broken down as it travels to the blood plasma, where the parasite lives. The new version is also more potent. When infected mice are given the drug, 95-100% of parasites disappear within four days. Conventional artemisinin drugs take a week to clear 95% of parasites. Trial runs The drug entered preliminary human safety trials in Britain last month. "Initial results are promising," says Tang, but he cautions that it will be some time before the full data are available. "This is potentially extremely important," says malaria researcher Paul O'Neill from Liverpool University, UK. If the drug works well in people, it would probably be given in combination with a second drug, which would kill any parasites missed by RBx-11160. As well as curing patients, this strategy would minimize the development of drug-resistant strains. "The parasites find it more difficult to develop resistance when bombarded by two drugs targeting multiple pathways," says O'Neill. The development of RBx-11160 is a flagship project for the Medicines for Malaria Venture, a non-profit organization that aims to encourage the development of affordable antimalarial drugs by bringing together academic researchers and private companies. Three academic groups and three biotechnology firms collaborated to produce RBx-11160. "It is an excellent example of how a well managed partnership can have a significant impact on antimalarial product research and development," says O'Neill. New Scientist Synthetic drug offers malaria hope 18:0018August04 NewScientist.com news service Clinical trials of a synthetic malaria drug have begun in the UK. The newly developed drug, which has similar properties to the naturally occurring substance artemisinin, could replace expensive plant extracts. Its developers hope it will help counter the resurgence in drug-resistant forms of the disease. Artemisinin, a compound extracted from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), has been used for more than 1500 years in traditional Chinese medicine to treat fevers. Over the past few decades, combinations of artemisinin derivatives such as artesunate and artemether have proved highly effective against malaria. But in the developing world, where malaria kills more than a million people each year, the natural extracts have serious drawbacks. They are costly to produce, and they quickly degrade, making them difficult to use. And the treatment usually fails if the patient fails to take the extract regularly. Now, a synthetic drug, with apparently similar properties to artemisinin, has been produced by Jonathan Vennerstrom of the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha, US, and his colleagues. It is cheap to make and is being developed by the pharmaceutical company Ranbaxy of New Delhi, India, and Malaria for Medicines Venture (MMV), a non-profit organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland. The drug is now being tested for safety in humans. Trojan Horse We have tested different doses in more than a dozen healthy volunteers and results have been encouraging, says Lise Riopel, scientific officer for MMV. Phase II field trials are scheduled for late next year. The synthetic drug, like the natural product, kills malarial parasites by producing free radicals. It does this by reacting with iron, which is released as the parasite digests the haemoglobin of its human host. In some respects this drug can be regarded as a Trojan Horse, says Paul O'Neill, an expert on synthetic anti-malarial drugs at the University of Liverpool in the UK. Free radicals seem to target several proteins and enzymes that are vital to the parasite's survival, Vennerstrom says. Parasite proteins Malaria has become much more common over the past 30 years, largely because the malarial parasite has developed resistance to many cheaper drugs such as chloroquine and quinine. But the parasites do not seem to develop resistance to any of the artemisinin family of compounds, probably because they attack several different parasite proteins. However, Brian Greenwood of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine says it is possible - though unlikely - that the parasite could build a resistance to the synthetic drug. Laboratory tests suggest that the synthetic drug should remain active in the body for longer than the natural extracts. A three-day course should be sufficient to completely cure malaria, O'Neill says. The MMV estimates that about 300 to 500 million malaria treatments are needed each year. If human trials are successful, the new cheap synthetic drug could prove to be a breakthrough in the fight against malaria, Riopel says. Journal reference: Nature (vol 430, p 900) Amitabh Avasthi ******************************************************************************************************************* New York Times India Company Develops New Malaria Drug By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Published: August 19, 2004 Filed at 1:11 a.m. ET NEW DELHI (AP) -- India's Ranbaxy Laboratories said Wednesday it's developed a new anti-malarial drug, claiming it would cost less but work as well as drugs now used for the disease that kills more than a million people a year worldwide. The drug, a synthetic peroxide developed with Geneva-based aid group Medicines for Malaria Venture, is now undergoing clinical trials in Britain, a Ranbaxy statement said. ``Our scientists are excited to be able to work on a drug that could save millions of lives,'' Ranbaxy Chief Executive Officer Brian Tempest said in the statement. The statement said the new drug will work as well as artemisinin, a currently available anti-malaria drug, and will be much cheaper. Artemisinin combination therapy costs about US$2 (euros 1.6) per dose, an amount beyond the reach of many in poor countries. Cheap medicines such as chloroquine no longer cure the disease in Africa because malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Resistance is also spreading in India. ``We know about this synthetic peroxide developed by Ranbaxy. The reports that we have heard about it are certainly very promising,'' said Allan Schapira, coordinator of strategy and policy for the World Health Organization's ``Rollback Malaria'' campaign. But knowledge about the drug is ``insufficient to make a judgment at the moment,'' Schapira said. ``We hope that it will prove highly efficacious.'' Findings from tests on the new drug are being published in the Aug. 19 issue of the science journal Nature. Malaria, which is carried by mosquitoes, kills more than 1 million people a year, with 90 percent of the deaths occurring in Africa, according to the United Nations. Most of the victims are children under age 5. Malaria also costs Africa an estimated US$12 billion (euros 9.73 billion) a year in lost gross domestic product and drains 40 percent of its public health spending. ``The need to develop a low-cost, potent, synthetic anti-malarial drug is more urgent than ever,'' said Christopher Hentschel, chief executive of Medicines for Malaria Venture. ``This could be the biggest breakthrough in malaria treatment of our generation.'' In May 2003, Ranbaxy Laboratories, India's largest pharmaceutical company, entered into an agreement with the Geneva-based body for laboratory testing, clinical trials and commercial development of the drug. Omaha World Herald UNMC team aids malaria fight BY NICHOLE AKSAMIT AND KRISTIN ZAGURSKI Scientists at the University of Nebraska Medical Center have helped discover a compound that may yield a less-costly treatment for malaria, an increasingly drug-resistant disease that still kills more than a million people worldwide each year. The team developing the new drug includes scientists from the university's College of Pharmacy, Monash University in Australia, the Swiss Tropical Institute and the F. Hoffmann- LaRoche pharmaceutical company. "It was really a far-flung group of collaborators," said Jonathan Vennerstrom, an associate professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the UNMC College of Pharmacy who led the research group. Some preliminary data was generated beforehand, but work on the compound officially started in July 2000, Vennerstrom said. The group's objective was to develop an inexpensive, conveniently administered drug that can be used widely in sub-Saharan Africa. "For a drug to treat malaria, cost is a very important issue," said Vennerstrom, who's also the lead author of an article about his group's work that appears in today's issue of the science journal Nature. Their drug candidate, a synthetic peroxide developed with funding from the Geneva-based aid group Medicines for Malaria Venture, is in the earliest stage of clinical trials in Britain. The compound probably won't be tested on a large number of patients until 2006, Vennerstrom said. India's largest pharmaceutical company, Ranbaxy Laboratories, is testing the compound and hopes to commercially produce it. Ranbaxy officials think the new drug will work as well as artemisinin, the most effective anti-malarial drug currently available, and will cost less. Artemisinin combination therapy costs about $2 per dose, an amount beyond the reach of many sufferers in poor countries. Cheaper medicines such as chloroquine no longer cure the disease in Africa because parasites have become resistant. Drug resistance is spreading in India, too. If the clinical trials are successful, the new and cheaper drug could become a major weapon against malaria. While the final cost of producing the compound as a drug isn't known, Vennerstrom said, the chemistry is straightforward and could quickly be scaled up for large production. Yuxiang Dong, a research associate at UNMC's College of Pharmacy and head chemist for the project, said in a statement that he developed the basic compound for the drug in 1999 but didn't think it would progress this far. The development team produced the drug candidate by applying to malaria new chemistry developed at the lab in Germany where Dong earned his doctorate, Vennerstrom said. The scientists in Nebraska communicated with their overseas counterparts through e-mails, monthly teleconferences and in-person meetings roughly every six months, he said. Most cases of malaria in the United States occur in people that contracted the disease while traveling outside the country, Vennerstrom said. Ninety percent of all malaria deaths occur in Africa, according to the United Nations. Most victims are children under 5. Malaria costs Africa an estimated $12 billion a year in lost gross domestic product and drains 40 percent of its public health spending. Voice of America New Malaria Drug May Help Stem Disease's Growing Resistance Jessica Berman Washington 19 Aug 2004, 21:51 UTC  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.voanews.com/graphics/spkr.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.voanews.com/mediastore/berman_global_malaria_update_long_19aug04.ram" Listen to Jessica Berman's report (RealAudio)   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.voanews.com/graphics/spkr.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.voanews.com/mediastore/berman_global_malaria_update_long_19aug04.rm" Berman report - Download 494k (RealAudio)  Malaria, which afflicts an estimated 40 percent of the world's population, is becoming more of a global problem. In an article in this week's journal Science, researchers report creeping resistance to drugs used to fight the disease from Asia to Africa, where malaria is the number one killer of young children. But help may be on the way. In another journal, Nature, scientists say they have developed what appears to be a cheap, effective synthetic drug to combat the mosquito-borne illness. Malaria strikes 300 to 500 million people every year, and kills one million individuals, most of them children who die of the lethal fevers. Most of the victims live in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease burden is greatest. The main reason is that cheap, old-line drugs are now failing to kill the parasite in up to 90 percent of cases, as it mutates to evade the effect of the medicines. That includes chloroquine and mefloquine, which have been used for years to treat malaria before the parasite became resistant to them. A newer anti-malarial drug, paramethynine, has met with widespread resistance throughout Asia. As in Asia, researchers had assumed small treatment failures of paramethynine in Africa were confined to the continent, but a genetic analysis concludes otherwise. It appears resistant malaria parasites turning up in Africa had made their way to the sub-Saharan region from Asia. Callie Roper, a researcher with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, says "it's showing that the resistance genes are highly mobile and that resistance is a global problem. It was thought previously that resistance to paramethynine had arisen quite a number of times in Africa itself, and now it appears that it didn't. A highly resistant form of the gene was actually introduced outside." Dr. Roper and colleagues say some travel restrictions may be necessary. "To prevent the importation of resistant parasites from areas where resistance has arisen already," she says. Dr. Roper adds new drugs are urgently needed to further contain the spread of drug resistant malaria. Malaria drug researchers are universally pinning hopes on compounds derived from artemisinin, an ancient Chinese herb that has proven to be highly effective in treating malaria. The problem is the herb is expensive to process, putting it out of reach of many families and international aid organizations. But researchers announced this week that they have developed what they're calling a synthetic artemisinin compound that would cost pennies to make. Carl Craft is chief scientist of Medicines for Malaria Venture in Geneva, which has been developing the anti-malarial agent, which he says is not subject to the same environmental factors as artemisinin grown in the wild. "Well, for one thing you don't have to worry about planting thousands of [hectares] of plants and harvesting them. It can all be done in a chemical plant, where you don't have to worry about rains and floods and bad weather," he says. Known as OZ, Dr. Craft says the drug has a similar mode-of-action as artemisinin He says the new drug would be significantly cheaper than the artemisinin herb. "Which will be combined with another drug to make sure we don't get resistance. The amount of the cost of this drug for that combination would be about 20 cents compared to $1 or more for artemisinin compound. So, significantly better." Medicines for Malaria Venture of India is conducting human safety trials in Britain. The company plans to test the drug's effectiveness beginning next January. Radio Canada Paludisme : perce scientifique porteuse d'espoir Mise jour le jeudi 19 aot 2004 11 h 18 Une quipe internationale a mis au point une molcule obtenue entirement par synthse et qui pourrait devenir une arme importante contre le paludisme, cette maladie qui tue un enfant africain toutes les 30 secondes. Les premiers tests cliniques montrent que la nouvelle molcule OZ 277, inspire d'un composant d'une plante chinoise, est bien tolre par l'organisme. Le mdicament est actuellement dvelopp par une organisation sans but lucratif ddie la recherche de nouvelles thrapeutiques antipaludisme peu coteuses. Cette perce scientifique pourrait devenir une arme majeure contre cette maladie qui touche 600 millions d'humains dans le monde et tue un enfant Africain toutes les 30 secondes. Le paludisme (malaria) est une maladie parasitaire que l'on peut traiter, et pourtant, chaque anne, plus de 1 million de personnes en meurent. Les rsultats complets sont publis dans la revue Nature. HYPERLINK "" \l "top#top" \o "#top"  HYPERLINK "" \l "top#top" \o "#top"  ************************************************************************************* HYPERLINK "" \l "top#top" \o "#top"  The Age (Australia) A marvel of modern medicine, and more August 23, 2004 The process of delivering a cure for malaria to the world isn't just a matter of good science. Victorians commonly associate the high-pitched, elusive whine of a mosquito with sleeplessness. For about 2.4 billion people elsewhere in the world, the sound is more than irritating. It can herald suffering and death. Each year, mosquitoes infect between 300 million and 900 million people with a malaria parasite that kills about 1.1 million of them. Malaria's toll exceeds the losses from all history's wars and plagues. In the past century, the plasmodium parasite that causes malaria has developed resistance to the most widely available drugs, leaving large populations at the mercy of the disease. Malaria debilitates survivors, slashing productivity in affected countries - GDP losses in Africa, the worst-afflicted continent, total $17 billion a year. In contrast, developed nations enjoy the benefits of less mosquito-friendly climates, pest control and expensive treatments. Unsurprisingly, pharmaceutical companies focus on profitable drugs for Western use, rather than cheap drugs for the Third World scourges of malaria and tuberculosis. The interaction of these diseases with AIDS, for which generic drugs only recently became available, compounds their devastating effect. International research, which involves Monash University, has now produced a drug that might offer the world unprecedented protection. The news is a salutary reminder of the value of several factors in the development: philanthropy, global co-operation, science that considers the common good and ancient cultural knowledge. The project is backed by the non-profit Medicines for Malaria Venture, funded in part by Microsoft founder Bill Gates and BHP Billiton. Monash University professor Bill Charman said: "We set ourselves a target of a brand-new drug costing no more than one dollar a day, and that's a very steep hurdle ... We have been able to achieve that goal by designing a compound that, structurally, is quite simple to synthesise." The drug, dubbed OZ277, is derived from analysis of an ancient Chinese herbal medicine made from the wormwood plant, Artemesia annua. Although a generation of drugs that originated from Inca remedies has been rendered largely ineffective, malaria has not become resistant to natural extracts of artemisinin, but these are costly. With the new synthetic drug, though, a course of treatment could involve taking a $1 tablet a day for only three days. The tragedy for a generation of victims is that China began productive research on this three decades ago (spurred by malaria's ravages during the Vietnam War). As this was associated with Mao's Cultural Revolution, political tensions delayed the spread of knowledge, but by the mid-1990s researchers understood how the compound worked. Development of OZ277 has progressed rapidly from animal trials to human trials and it could be released in three to four years. When that day comes, which we trust it will, Australian scientists can take pride in being part of a wonderful and noble achievement. ABC TV (Australian Broadcast Corporation) New drug shows promise in malaria fight A new anti-malarial drug may be the biggest breakthrough in the treatment of the disease for a generation, the British scientific review Nature reports. Codenamed OZ, the synthetic drug works in the same way as the most effective anti-malarial treatment, a Chinese herbal medicine called artemisinin. Research on the drug was undertaken by a number of universities, including Melbourne's Monash. Monash University professor Bill Charman says one of the main problems to overcome was drug resistance in the malaria parasite. "The mechanism of action of this compound is such that we do not believe resistance will be a significant issue for these particular class of compound," Professor Charman said. The research group, called Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), says the drug is a major development in the fight against the disease. "The drug could be the biggest breakthrough in malarial treatment of our generation and could become the most potent weapon against drug-resistant malaria," the venture said. "Initial clinical studies in humans have found the drug to be safe and well-tolerated. The synthetic drug could be a much cheaper and more effective alternative to the current malaria cures. "Because OZ is a synthetic drug and does not require the natural plant, like artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), its costs can be significantly reduced and the production of the drug can be easier and quicker to meet the demand," MMV says. MMV describes itself as a non-profit organisation established to discover, develop and deliver new affordable anti-malarial drugs through effective public-private partnerships. The new drug is currently being developed by MMV's industry partner, Ranbaxy Laboratories in India. Drug resistance is a major problem for malaria, which occurs in more than 100 countries and territories. The standard cheap medicines are rendered useless in almost every corner of sub-Saharan Africa, where every 30 seconds a child dies of malaria. Malaria is a treatable disease but every year more than 1 million people die from it. "OZ is currently being tested in humans in the UK for safety, tolerance and drug activity," MMV says. "The test for its efficacy in malaria patients will begin in January 2005. If successful, it could be the next major weapon in the fight against malaria." ************************************************************************************* Sydney Morning Herald High hopes for new malaria drug August 19, 2004 - 9:56AM A team of international scientists, including from Australia, has created a synthetic drug which could offer new hope in the fight against malaria. Nearly two billion people live in areas affected by malaria. The disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, is becoming a bigger threat as the parasite that causes it develops immunity to drugs used to fight it. The new drug is based on a chemical found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Scientists have long been interested in Artemisinin, a herbal fever remedy that comes from the bark of the sweet wormwood tree and has been shown to help kill malaria parasites. But the naturally occurring drug is expensive to make and requires complicated treatment programs that are difficult to get patients to comply with. An international team of scientists in Australia, the United States, Britain and Switzerland said in research published in the British science journal Nature they had developed a synthetic drug, OZ277, designed to offer the benefits of Artemisinin that could be cheaper to produce and more potent. It will require tests before OZ277 can become a commercial drug. But in an accompanying article, Paul O'Neill of the Chemistry and Pharmacology departments of the University of Liverpool said the new class of compounds "could offer the best solution to date for destroying drug-resistant malaria parasites". ******************************************************* The Age (Australia) Chinese herb offers hope of malaria breakthrough By Carol Nader August 20, 2004 A simple course of three tablets could save the lives of millions of people afflicted with deadly malaria. Chinese scientists found 20 years ago that a compound from a herb, sweet wormwood, could be effective in treating malaria. But the compound is complex and expensive and scientists have been trying to find out what part of it could be used to form part of a new drug. A team of international researchers, including Australians, believe they have worked out what that is. They are developing a synthetic version of the drug that will make it available cheaply for malaria victims, who typically live in poor countries - at $US1 ($A1.40) a tablet. Bill Charman, professor of pharmaceutics at the Victorian College of Pharmacy at Monash University, said a synthetic version of the drug could be made on a large scale and victims would need to take just one tablet a day for three days. Professor Charman said that the malaria parasite lived and grew in the red blood cells of infected people. "We have to get the drug to get into the red blood cell, into the parasite, and then kill it," he said. Professor Charman, who was part of the research team, said one of the key criteria of the drug was making it cheap. "A lot of the people that die from malaria are young children under five in Africa, so it's an enormous economic burden to Africa," he said. "It's an absolute scourge of a disease." More than 1 million people die from malaria and there are up to 500 million cases each year. The malaria parasite is passed via mosquito bites. It is rife in sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. The drug, dubbed OZ277, could be available in three to four years. Clinical trials have started in Britain, and, next year, patients in Africa and Asia will be tested. Trials in animals showed that those with the disease were cured. The findings were published in the journal Nature. "It is a significant step along what is ultimately a long pathway, but it's looking very promising," Professor Charman said. The drug is believed to work similarly to the most effective antimalarial drug available, artemisinin, a herbal remedy. But artemisinin is dearer and access is limited in poor countries. The project was organised by the Medicines for Malaria Venture, a non-profit organisation. Its chief executive, Dr Christopher Hentschel, said the need to develop a cheap antimalarial drug was "more urgent than ever". "This could be the biggest breakthrough in malaria treatment of our generation," he said. ************************************************************************************* The Hindu (India) Ranbaxy begins clinical trials on malarial drug By N. Gopal Raj THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, AUG. 18. In what is being described as a major breakthrough in treating malaria, scientists have developed a drug that acts like artemisinin derivatives, which are now the most effective against drug-resistant forms, but will be cheaper and easier to produce. Ranbaxy Laboratories has begun the clinical trials that are necessary to prove the drug's efficacy and safety. Researchers in the U.S., Australia and Switzerland successfully created a new drug, which has been given the tag `OZ277.' Publishing their work in the latest issue of Nature, the scientists say that OZ277 acts in a similar fashion as artemisinin derivatives (it is pertinent to point out here that as yields from the artemisining extraction process is poor, the derivatives are too expensive for poor countries which need it most) but is even more potent than the latter. As OZ277 is a synthetic drug and does not require natural plant extracts, its costs can be significantly reduced and the production of the drug can be easier and quicker, according to Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), the international non-profit organisation based in Geneva, that promotes development of anti-malarial drugs. In May 2003, MMV signed on Ranbaxy Lab as its industry partner for taking OZ277 to the market. The drug is currently undergoing Phase-I clinical trials in the United Kingdom, according to a press release issued today by Ranbaxy. The Indian Express Ranbaxy, MMV make anti-malarial breakthrough  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.indianexpress.com/grfx/trans.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Posted online: Thursday, August 19, 2004 at 0117 hours IST Ranbaxy Labs and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) have taken a potential breakthrough anti-malarial drug into human clinical trial stage. Ranbaxy, MMVs pharmaceutical partner for the development of this drug, has obtained authorisation from Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHPRA) to conduct clinical trials in the UK. This is the first regulatory step in new drug development after safety and drug activity is established in the pre-clinical phase. The drug codenamed OZ277/RBx11160 is currently being evaluated in a Phase I study for its safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in humans in UK. The drug is believed to have similar mode-of-action as the currently available drug artemisinin. The Telegraph (Calcutta) Synthetic malaria drug offers hope London, Aug. 18 (Reuters): Scientists have created a synthetic drug which could offer new hope in the fight against malaria. Scientists have long been interested in Artemisinin, a Chinese herbal fever remedy that comes from the bark of the sweet wormwood tree and has been shown to help kill malaria parasites. But the naturally occurring drug is expensive to make. An international team of scientists said in research published in Nature they had developed a synthetic drug, OZ277, designed to offer the benefits of Artemisinin that could be cheaper to produce and more potent. It will require tests before OZ277 can become a commercial drug. ************************************************************************************************************************* Hindustan Times Indian, British scientists working on drug to fight malaria Nabanita Sircar London,August 21  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.hindustantimes.com/on/img/0.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET At least 27 people are reported to have died of malaria in Alindra, India and 293 are seriously ill with the disease which broke out after the heavy rains and floods. Each year many die of the disease in India, but now British scientists could be on the verge of a breakthrough in a generation against the disease. A new malaria drug is being tested, based on a traditional Chinese remedy, which could be a victory against the world's second most deadly infectious disease after AIDS, scientists said. The Indian pharmaceutical company Ranbaxy and the non-profit Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) are working together on the new drug. Animal and computer studies of the therapy, known as OZ227 or OZ, suggest that it will be the most potent and effective weapon yet developed against malaria, which kills a million people a year and infects up to 500 million more. Clinical trials of its effectiveness will begin in Africa and Thailand next year. Safety tests in Britain have shown that OZ has no significant side-effects. If all tests prove successful the drug could be given to patients within four years. OZ is modelled on the action of the most effective known antimalarial, a Chinese herbal fever remedy called artemisinin extracted from the sweet wormwood plant, Artemisia annua. Although artemisinin-based drugs are currently the best available treatment for the disease, the high cost of the refinement process makes them up to 20 times more expensive than standard therapies. That would make it unaffordable for poor countries, where malaria is endemic. The new drug is based on the molecular structure of artemisinin and kills the malaria parasite in exactly the same way. Research indicates that its antimalarial action is even more powerful. OZ is entirely synthetic, and can thus be mass-produced much more cheaply than natural artemisinin, without the need to extract chemicals from a plant. It also has a longer shelf life than the natural drug, and fewer doses are needed to produce its full effects. "This could be the biggest breakthrough in malaria treatment in our generation," Christopher Hentschel, chief executive of MMV, said. "The need to develop a low-cost, potent synthetic antimalarial drug is more urgent than ever. This project has surpassed our expectations. The animal models are quite predictive and they show that the drug is much more potent than anything else we have seen. We already know that this class of drug works, so the risk it won't work in humans is very low. The data for this particular group are very convincing indeed." ************************************************************************************ The Daily Times (Bangladesh) New drug boosts malaria fight AFP, Paris Tests on a new antimalarial drug suggest it could be the biggest breakthrough in treatment of the disease for a generation, the British scientific review Nature says in its yesterday edition. Codenamed OZ, the drug is synthetic and works in the same way as the most effective antimalarial treatment, a Chinese herbal medicine called artemisinin. "The drug could be the biggest breakthrough in malarial treatment of our generation and could become the most potent weapon against drug-resistant malaria," according to the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). "Initial clinical studies in humans have found the drug to be safe and well-tolerated. "The synthetic drug could be a much cheaper and more effective alternative to the current malaria cures." "Because OZ is a synthetic drug and does not require the natural plant, like artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), its costs can be significantly reduced and the production of the drug can be easier and quicker to meet the demand," MMV says. MMV describes itself as a non-profit organisation established to discover, develop and deliver new affordable anti-malarial drugs through effective public-private partnerships. The new drug is currently being developed by MMV's industry partner, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. in India. The original drug research was done by a team of researchers from the University of Nebraska, Monash University in Australia, the Swiss Tropical Institute and F. Hoffman Roche of Switzerland. Drug resistance is a major problem for malaria, which affects nearly 40 percent of the world's population. The standard cheap medicines are rendered useless in almost every corner of sub-Saharan Africa, where every 30 seconds a child dies of malaria. Malaria is a treatable disease, yet every year more than one million people die from it. "OZ is currently being tested in humans in the UK for safety, tolerance and drug activity," MMV says. "The test for its efficacy in malaria patients will begin in January 2005. If successful, it could be the next major weapon in the fight against malaria." Aljazeera + Agencies Breakthrough malarial drug on trial Thursday 19 August 2004, 3:21 Makka Time, 0:21 GMT India's Ranbaxy Laboratories has said it's developed a new anti-malarial drug, claiming it would cost less but work as well as costlier drugs now being used. The drug, a synthetic peroxide code named OZ developed with Geneva-based aid group Medicines for Malaria Venture, is now undergoing clinical trials in Britain, a Ranbaxy statement said on Wednesday. "Our scientists are excited to be able to work on a drug that could save millions of lives," Ranbaxy Chief Executive Officer Brian Tempest said in the statement. The statement said the new drug will work as well as artemisinin, a currently available anti-malaria drug, and will be much cheaper. Artemisinin isa herbal remedy based on the Artemisia annua plant. However, because of the costly and lengthy extraction process from the plant, artemisinins are at least 10 times more expensive than the cheap standard antimalarials. Artemisinin combination therapycosts about US$2 (euros 1.6) per dose, an amount beyond the reach of many in poor countries. Cheap medicines such as chloroquine no longer cure the disease in Africa because malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Resistance is also spreading in India. "We know about this synthetic peroxide developed by Ranbaxy. The reports that we have heard about it are certainly very promising," said Allan Schapira, coordinator of strategy and policy for the World Health Organization's "Rollback Malaria" campaign. But knowledge about the drug is "insufficient to make a judgment at the moment," Schapira said. "We hope that it will prove highly efficacious." Findings from tests on the new drug are being published in the August 19 issue of the science journal Nature. Malaria, which is carried by mosquitoes, kills more than 1 million people a year, with 90% of the deaths occurring in Africa, according to the United Nations. Most of the victims are children under age 5. Malaria also costs Africa an estimated US$12 billion (euros 9.73 billion) a year in lost gross domestic product and drains 40% of its public health spending. "The need to develop a low-cost, potent, synthetic anti-malarial drug is more urgent than ever," said Christopher Hentschel, chief executive of Medicines for Malaria Venture. "This could be the biggest breakthrough in malaria treatment of our generation." The Independent (South Africa) Indian company develops new anti-malaria drug August 18 2004 at 04:09PM New Delhi - India's  HYPERLINK "%20http://www.ranbaxy.com%20" \t "_blank" Ranbaxy Laboratories announced on Wednesday it has developed a new anti-malaria drug, which it claimed would be cheaper and as effective as the drugs now used to cure the disease that kills more than a million people worldwide every year. The drug, a synthetic peroxide developed with Geneva aid group  HYPERLINK "http://www.mmv.org " \t "_blank" Medicines for Malaria Venture, is now undergoing clinical trials in Britain, a Ranbaxy statement said. "Our scientists are excited to be able to work on a drug that could save millions of lives," Ranbaxy Chief Executive Officer Brian Tempest said in the company statement. The new drug will work as well as artemisinin, the most effective anti-malaria drug currently available, and be much cheaper, the statement said, without elaborating. Artemisinin combination therapy costs about $2 (about R12) per dose, an amount beyond the reach of many sufferers in poor countries, and cheap medicines such as chloroquine no longer cure the disease in Africa because the parasites have become resistant to it. Resistance is spreading in India, too. Malaria, which is carried by female mosquitoes, kills more than one million people a year, with 90 percent of the deaths occurring in Africa, according to the United Nations. Most of the victims are children under five. Malaria also costs Africa an estimated $12-billion (about R77-billion) a year in lost gross domestic product and drains 40 percent of its public health spending. "The need to develop a low-cost, potent synthetic anti-malarial drug is more urgent than ever," said Christopher Hentschel, chief executive of Medicines for Malaria Venture. In May 2003, Ranbaxy Laboratories, India's largest pharmaceutical company, entered into an agreement with the Geneva-based body for laboratory testing, clinical trials and commercial development of the drug. Findings from tests on the new drug are being published in the August 19 issue of the science journal Nature. The Independent (South Africa)_ Using old and new in the war against malaria August 23 2004 at 09:12AM Liverpool - A new drug based on an ancient Chinese remedy could revolutionise the treatment of malaria. Clinical trials are under way in Britain to test how effectively it combats the increasingly drug-resistant malaria parasite. The drug is a synthetic, simpler version of a traditional Chinese cure which could be around five times cheaper to produce than other treatments. Malaria kills around one million people every year and causes another 300 million to fall sick. Drugs based on the Chinese remedy artemisinin have already been developed as a means of tackling chloroquine-resistant strains of the parasite. Called RBx-11160, the new drug is a simpler, synthetic and slightly altered version of artemisinin, according to a report in Nature magazine published on Monday. Developed by the non-profit organisation Medicines for Malaria, the drug is soluble and can be given orally or injected intravenously. In tests already carried out on infected mice, between 95 percent and 100 percent of parasites disappeared within four days following treatment with the new drug. This compares with conventional artemisinin drugs which take a week to clear 95 percent of parasites. The new drug entered clinical trials in Britain last month. Malaria researcher Paul O'Neill, from Liverpool University, said: "This is potentially extremely important." O'Neill said that, if the drug was found to be effective, it would probably be given to patients in combination with a second drug. "The parasites find it more difficult to develop resistance when bombarded by two drugs targeting multiple pathways," he said. Malaria can be contracted by those who live in or visit around 100 countries across the tropics and subtropics, with about 40 percent of the world's population at risk. Ninety percent of deaths from malaria happen in sub-Saharan Africa - mostly among young children. Malaria kills an African child every 30 seconds. There are four main types of malaria, which are all spread by mosquitoes. The main symptoms are high fever, chills, headache and sickness and the illness is often mistaken for flu. RBx-11160 was produced in collaboration by three academic groups and three biotechnology firms, according to Nature magazine. - Sapa-dpa The Sunday Times (South Africa) New malaria 'super drug' A SYNTHETIC version of a drug used for more than 1 500 years in Chinese medicine has been hailed as a breakthrough in efforts to reduce the million deaths caused each year by malaria. Treatment based on the Chinese herbal remedy qinghaosu was developed during the Cultural Revolution but tensions with the West delayed its spread. Now derivatives of artemisinin, a compound extracted from sweet wormwood, offer the most effective antimalarial therapy available. Malaria parasites have never evolved resistance to it. Like all drugs, artemisinin-based drugs have drawbacks: relatively expensive extraction - the plant takes about 18 months to grow; treatment regimens can be too long for the Third World and, although it can quickly kill 96% of the malaria-causing parasites, it has to be combined with longer-acting variants to be completely effective. Dr Jonathan Vennerstrom and colleagues say in the journal Nature they have made a fast-acting synthetic counterpart to artemisinin in which many of those problems have been overcome. Dubbed OZ, the drug has just entered clinical trials on 48 people in Britain. Initial studies suggest it is well-tolerated in healthy volunteers. This new class of drug is "a huge breakthrough," said Dr Paul O'Neill of Liverpool University. It is being developed in India following studies by scientists in the US, Australia, Britain and Switzerland. Because OZ is a synthetic drug, its costs can be significantly reduced. The drug will be tried on malaria patients in January. The non-profit group driving drug development, Medicines for Malaria Venture, said this week it could become the most potent weapon against drug-resistant malaria, which affects 40% of the global population. Standard cheap malaria drugs are failing as much as 80% of the time as malaria parasites become more resistant to older drugs, such as chloroquine. Standard cheap medicines are rendered useless in sub-Saharan Africa where a child dies of malaria every 30 seconds. Professor Andrew Read, of Edinburgh University, welcomed the advance but added: "There is always great optimism when a new 'wonder drug' comes along, yet malaria parasites are extremely adept at evolving drug resistance." - The Telegraph, London KBC (Kenyan Broadcast Corporation) New drug to boost malaria fight BY: Chris Khisa/BBC DATE: Friday, August 20, 2004 Scientists have developed a new drug which they say could transform the fight against malaria. The drug is a synthetic version of Artemisinin - a herb extract that has been used for centuries in China. Artemisinin-based drugs are already available but the manufacturing process makes them expensive. Writing in Nature, scientists said they had succeeded in developing a drug in the laboratory that can mimic its effects at a fraction of the cost. Malaria kills around one million people around the world each year, most of them children. The disease is spread by mosquitoes. The World Health Organization has set a target to reduce malaria deaths by half by 2010. However, increasing resistance to the cheap drugs used to treat the disease are threatening that plan. Artemisinin-based drugs are regarded as the most effective weapon against malaria. However, their high cost puts them out of reach of millions of people in the developing world who need them most. "Making it is difficult and expensive," said Brian Greenwood, professor of tropical medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. ******************************************************************************** Reuters Scientists Make Malaria Drug Based on Herbal Remedy Wed 18 August, 2004 18:30 LONDON (Reuters) - Scientists have created a synthetic drug which could offer new hope in the fight against malaria. Nearly two billion people live in areas affected by malaria. The disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, is becoming a bigger threat as the parasite that causes it develops immunity to drugs used to fight it. The new drug is based on a chemical found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Scientists have long been interested in Artemisinin, a herbal fever remedy that comes from the bark of the sweet wormwood tree and has been shown to help kill malaria parasites. But the naturally occurring drug is expensive to make and requires complicated treatment programs that are difficult to get patients to comply with. An international team of scientists in the United States, Britain, Switzerland and Australia said in research published in the British science journal Nature they had developed a synthetic drug, OZ277, designed to offer the benefits of Artemisinin that could be cheaper to produce and more potent. It will require tests before OZ277 can become a commercial drug. But in an accompanying article, Paul O'Neill of the Chemistry and Pharmacology departments of the University of Liverpool said the new class of compounds "could offer the best solution to date for destroying drug-resistant malaria parasites." Agence France-Presse Une nouvelle molcule prometteuse contre le paludisme Agence France-Presse Paris Une nouvelle molcule anti-paludisme obtenue entirement par synthse et bien tolre par l'organisme, selon des tests cliniques prliminaires, pourrait devenir une arme majeure contre cette maladie qui touche 600 millions d'humains dans le monde et tue un enfant africain toutes les 30 secondes. La dcouverte de cette molcule, inspire d'une substance provenant d'une herbe mdicinale chinoise plus que millnaire, l'artmisinine, est dcrite dans la revue scientifique britannique Nature publie jeudi par une quipe internationale associant notamment des chercheurs des universits du Nebraska, de Monash (Australie), de l'Institut tropical suisse et de la firme pharmaceutique suisse Hoffman Roche. Depuis une quinzaine d'annes, des quipes ont tent en vain de raliser la synthse de cette molcule, peu chre produire, relve dans la revue Paul O'Neill de l'universit de Liverpool en saluant la russite de Jonathan Vennerstrom (tats-Unis), Sergio Witllin (Suisse), William Charman (Australie) et leurs collgues. Baptise OZ 277, elle est actuellement dveloppe par la firme pharmaceutique indienne Ranbaxy partenaire du MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture), une organisation sans but lucratif ddie la recherche de nouvelles thrapeutiques anti-paludisme peu coteuses, grce des partenariats entre le public et le priv. Dans de nombreux endroits, les parasites responsables de la maladie, transmise par les moustiques, sont devenus rsistants aux mdicaments utiliss depuis trs longtemps. L'OMS recommande donc aux pays o l'on enregistre une rsistance aux mdicaments conventionnels de passer aux puissantes associations mdicamenteuses drives de l'artmisine (ACT). Mais mme 2 dollars la dose adulte, ces associations sont dix vingt fois plus chres que les anciennes monothrapies type chloroquine. D'o l'enjeu de cette recherche. D'autant, soulignent les chercheurs, qu'il n'existe pas de rsistance prouve contre l'artmisinine et ses drivs. Contrairement aux drivs semi-synthtiques d'artmisine actuellement disponibles (artmter, artsunate), l'OZ peut tre totalement synthtise grande chelle un cot plus abordable pour l'Afrique, sans avoir recourir aux extraits vgtaux d'armoise amre. L'objectif vis est un traitement simple et court, en une seule prise orale par jour pendant trois jours maximum. Les nouveaux produits de synthses concocts par l'quipe internationale sont plus puissants et agissent plus longtemps in vivo que l'artmter et l'artsunate, note Paul O'Neill. Les tests de scurit et de bonne tolrance d'OZ (pour ozonide) sont conduits en Grande-Bretagne, indique le MMV. Les tests d'efficacit sur des patients atteints de paludisme commenceront en janvier 2005, prcise cette organisation. En cas de succs, ce mdicament pourrait devenir la prochaine arme majeure pour combattre la maladie et la plus puissante arme pour combattre les problmes de rsistance aux traitements, estime-t-elle. Il pourrait reprsenter la plus importante perce thrapeutique anti-paludisme de notre gnration, s'enthousiasme le MMV. Le paludisme est une maladie parasitaire que l'on peut traiter. Pourtant, chaque anne plus d'un million de personnes en meurent. ************************************************************************************************************ Le Monde (France) Une nouvelle molcule suscite l'espoir dans la lutte contre le paludisme LEMONDE.FR | 18.08.04 | 20h04 La nouvelle molcule baptise OZ 277 a l'avantage de pouvoir tre synthtise grande chelle un cot plus abordable pour l'Afrique. Elle permettrait galement un traitement simple et court contre la maladie. Une nouvelle molcule antipaludisme obtenue entirement par synthse et bien tolre par l'organisme, selon des tests cliniques prliminaires, pourrait devenir une arme majeure contre cette maladie, qui touche 600 millions d'tres humains dans le monde et tue un enfant africain toutes les 30 secondes. La dcouverte de cette molcule, conue partir d'une susbstance provenant d'une herbe mdicinale chinoise plus que millnaire, l'artmisinine, est dcrite dans la revue scientifique britannique Nature publie jeudi 19 aot par une quipe internationale associant notamment des chercheurs des universits du Nebraska (Etats-Unis), de Monash (Australie), de l'Institut tropical suisse et de la firme pharmaceutique suisse Hoffman Roche. Depuis une quinzaine d'annes, des quipes ont tent en vain de raliser la synthse de cette molcule, peu chre produire, relve dans la revue Paul O'Neill de l'universit de Liverpool (Grande-Bretagne) en saluant la russite de Jonathan Vennerstrom (Etats-Unis), Sergio Witllin (Suisse), William Charman (Australie) et leurs collgues. Baptise OZ 277, elle est actuellement dveloppe par la firme pharmaceutique indienne Ranbaxy, partenaire du MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture), une organisation sans but lucratif consacre la recherche de nouvelles thrapeutiques antipaludisme peu coteuses, grce des partenariats entre le public et le priv. UN COT ABORDABLE POUR L'AFRIQUE Dans de nombreux endroits, les parasites responsables de la maladie, transmise par les moustiques, sont devenus rsistants aux mdicaments les meilleur march utiliss depuis trs longtemps. L'OMS recommande donc aux pays o l'on enregistre une rsistance aux mdicaments conventionnels de passer aux puissantes associations mdicamenteuses drives de l'artmisine (ACT). Mais mme 2 dollars la dose adulte, ces associations sont dix vingt fois plus chres que les anciennes monothrapies type chloroquine. D'o l'enjeu de cette recherche. D'autant, soulignent les chercheurs, qu'il n'existe pas de rsistance prouve contre l'artmisinine et ses drivs. Contrairement aux drivs semi-synthtiques d'artmisine actuellement disponibles (artmter, artsunate), l'"OZ" peut tre totalement synthtise grande chelle un cot plus abordable pour l'Afrique, sans avoir recourir aux extraits vgtaux d'armoise amre. L'objectif vis est un traitement simple et court, en une seule prise orale par jour pendant trois jours maximum. Les nouveaux produits de synthse concocts par l'quipe internationale sont "plus puissants et agissent plus longtemps in vivo que l'artmter et l'artsunate", note Paul O'Neill. Les tests de scurit et de bonne tolrance d'"OZ" (pour "ozonide") sont conduits en Grande-Bretagne, indique le MMV. "Les tests d'efficacit sur des patients atteints de paludisme commenceront en janvier 2005", prcise cette organisation. "En cas de succs, ce mdicament pourrait devenir la prochaine arme majeure pour combattre la maladie" et "la plus puissante arme" pour combattre les problmes de rsistance aux traitements, estime-t-elle. Il pourrait reprsenter "la plus importante perce thrapeutique antipaludisme de notre gnration", s'enthousiasme le MMV. Le paludisme est une maladie parasitaire que l'on peut traiter. Pourtant, chaque anne plus d'un million de personnes en meurent. Avec AFP Deutche Welle (TV-Radio) New drug raises hopes for malaria cure Tests on a new drug for curing malaria suggest it could be the biggest breakthrough in treatment of the disease. Code named OZ, the drug is synthetic and works in the same way as the most effective antimalarial treatment, a Chinese herbal medicine called artemisinin. Initial clinical studies in humans have found the drug to be safe and well-tolerated, according to the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) organisation. Drug resistance is a major problem for malaria, which affects nearly 40 percent of the world's population ***************************************************************** Basler Zeitung (Switzerland) Die Malaria hat einen neuen Gegner aus Basel Basler Forscher haben massgebend dazu beigetragen, dass ein neuer Wirkstoff gegen Malaria entwickelt werden konnte. Er beruht auf der chinesischen Heilpflanze Artemisia. Erstmals ist es mit dieser Verbindung gelungen, das Wirkprinzip der Pflanze im Reagenzglas nachzubauen. Basel. Manche sprechen von einem grossen Durchbruch, andere ussern sich noch zurckhaltend. Doch alle, die das Projekt kennen, sind des Lobes voll. So auch Reto Brun, Forschungsgruppenleiter am Schweizerischen Tropeninstitut (STI) in Basel. Er hat mit seinem Team am Projekt mitgearbeitet und sagt: Wir haben endlich eine neue Wirksubstanz gegen Malaria gefunden. Das Potenzial der Substanz ist riesig. Von Stefan Stcklin Der Stoff mit dem Namen OZ277, der in der heutigen Ausgabe des Fachblattes Nature vorgestellt wird, ist usserst wirksam gegen Plasmodium falciparum, den gefhrlichsten Malaria-Erreger. Soweit heute bekannt ist, wird das Produkt von Menschen gut vertragen. Besonders wichtig fr die knftige Anwendung in den betroffenen Lndern ist: Der Stoff kann gnstig synthetisch hergestellt werden. Bisher mussten die Wirkstoffe in einem aufwndigen und teuren Verfahren aus der Pflanze Artemisia isoliert werden. Die Substanz hat genau das Profil, nach dem Malariaforscher seit Jahren fahnden. Verlaufen die klinischen Studien nach Plan, so drfte sie zu einem wichtigen Pfeiler im Kampf gegen eine Krankheit werden, die sich in den letzten Jahren immer weiter ausgebreitet hat. Zurzeit erkranken jedes Jahr ber 300 Millionen Menschen an Malaria, fr mehr als eine Million endet sie tdlich, prekr ist die Lage vor allem in Afrika sdlich der Sahara. Resistenzen des Erregers haben alte Medikamente wie Chloroquin oder Sulphadoxin-Pyrimethamin (Fansidar) nutzlos gemacht. Von der Natur abgeguckt Fr die Entwicklung der Substanz haben sich die Forscher die chinesische Heilpflanze Artemisia annua L. (Beifuss) zum Vorbild genommen. Seit 1500 Jahren werden Beifuss-Exktrakte in China zur Linderung von Malariaanfllen eingesetzt. Bereits vor Jahren gelang es, die als Artemisinine bezeichneten Pflanzenwirkstoffe zu isolieren. Sie sind zu unverzichtbaren Medikamenten weiter entwickelt worden und werden bereits eingesetzt (siehe Kasten). Der Naturstoff ist das eine, eine synthetische Variante das andere. Malariaforscher hatten sich bereits vor Jahren das Ziel gesetzt, die Wirkung der natrlichen Artemisinine zu kopieren und falls mglich zu verbessern. Hier kommt die Basler Roche ins Spiel, die einst auf dem Gebiet der Malariaforschung eine wichtige Rolle gespielt hat. Sie konnte sich damals Rechte an den Artemisininen sichern und erforschte synthetische Kopien. Diese Arbeiten in Zusammenarbeit mit US-Forschern in Nebraska begannen 1998 und waren erfolgreich. Trotzdem gab Roche im Zuge einer Reorganisation Ende der 90er Jahre diese Arbeiten auf und trat Teile davon ans Tropeninstitut ab. Forschungen zu Infektionskrankheiten in Drittwelt-Lndern wurden von Roche gestoppt, da sie wenig lukrativ erschienen. Andere bernahmen das Projekt. Es traf sich gut, dass sich Ende der 90er Jahre die gemeinntzige Organisation MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture) formierte, die durch Kooperationen geeigneter Partner die vernachlssigte Malariaforschung voran bringen wollte. Sie nahm im Jahr 1999 das laufende Artemisinin- Projekt der Basler Firma auf. So kam es zum Forschungskonsortium, das hinter OZ277 steckt. Nebst dem Basler Tropeninstitut, Roche und Basilea Pharmaceutica sind daran Forscher in den USA und Australien beteiligt. Eine entscheidende Rolle in der Entwicklung spielte Jonathan Vennerstrom von der Universitt Nebraska in Omaha. Er hatte zusammen mit Hugues Matile von Hoffmann-La Roche die Idee, wie die Aktivitt der Artemisinine es handelt sich um eine Peroxid-Gruppe in einem synthetischen Prparat konserviert werden knnte. Vor ihnen waren an dieser Aufgabe Dutzende von Forschern gescheitert. Als ihnen eine Lsung gelang, wurden diese Rohprparate weiter modifiziert, um den Wirkstoff fr die medizinischenwendung zu optimieren. Am Tropeninstitut in Basel wurden genau 277 Varianten getestet, bis ein geeigneter Stoff gefunden war der Namen OZ277 rhrt daher. Studien am Menschen Im Vergleich zu den natrlichen Artemisininen schneidet OZ277 in den bisherigen Tests hervorragend ab. Es ist wirksamer, die Aktivitt dauert lnger, und aufgrund bisheriger Studien gibt es keine Anzeichen von Nebenwirkungen. Erste Studien am Menschen in Grossbritannien haben die gute Vertrglichkeit belegt kein Wunder, sind die beteiligten Forscher und MMV usserst optimistisch. Wir rechnen mit einem synthetischen Artemisinin-Produkt, das hervorragend wirkt und weniger hufig eingenommen werden muss als die bisherigen Pflanzenprodukte, so Anna Wang von MMV in Genf. So weit ist es noch nicht. Zunchst muss in grossen Studien gezeigt werden, dass OZ277 Malaria-Patienten effizient heilen kann. Nichts deutet darauf hin, dass es zu Rckschlgen kommen knnte. Ganz sicher kann man aber nie sein, sagt Brun. Geht alles nach Plan, so sollten bereits 2008 neue Malaria-Prparate auf den Markt kommen. Wang rechnet mit einem Preis von unter einem Dollar pro Behandlungsset. Kombinationsprparate werden auch bereits angedacht, um die Entwicklung von Resistenzen zu erschweren. Produziert wird OZ277 von der indischen Firma Ranbaxy, an die Hoffmann-La Roche vor einem Jahr alle Rechte abgetreten hat. TSR (Television Suisse Romand) Dcouverte d'une nouvelle molcule prometteuse contre le paludisme ATS, le 18 aot 2004 19:29 PARIS - Des scientifiques ont dcouvert une molcule prometteuse pour lutter contre le paludisme, une maladie qui touche 600 millions d'humains dans le monde. La nouvelle molcule est obtenue entirement par synthse. Elle est bien tolre par l'organisme, selon des tests cliniques prliminaires. La dcouverte de cette molcule, inspire d'un composant d'une plante chinoise, l'artmisine, est dcrite dans la revue scientifique britannique Nature qui sera publi jeudi. Elle est le fait d'une quipe internationale associant notamment des chercheurs des universits du Nebraska (Etats-Unis), de Monash (Australie), de l'Institut tropical suisse et de la firme pharmaceutique suisse Hoffmann Roche. La molcule, baptise OZ 277, est actuellement dveloppe par une organisation sans but lucratif ddie la recherche de nouvelles thrapeutiques anti-paludisme peu coteuses. Cette dernire fonctionne grce des partenariats entre le public et le priv, le MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture) et la firme pharmaceutique indienne Ranbaxy. Les tests de scurit et de bonne tolrance d'OZ sont conduits en Grande-Bretagne, indique le MMV. Les tests d'efficacit sur des patients atteints de paludisme commenceront en janvier 2005. En cas de succs, ce mdicament pourrait devenir la prochaine arme majeure pour combattre la maladie et la plus puissante arme pour combattre les problmes de rsistances aux traitements, estime le MMV. Le paludisme est une maladie parasitaire que l'on peut traiter et pourtant chaque anne plus d'un million de personnes en meurent. Elle tue un enfant Africain toutes les 30 secondes. Beifu war Vorbild Vielversprechendes Malaria-Mittel entwickelt Nach pflanzlichem Vorbild hat ein internationales Forscherteam einen besonders aussichtsreichen Wirkstoff gegen Malaria hergestellt. 20.08.04 - Die neue Substanz "OZ277" wirkt gegen eines der Schlsselenzyme der einzelligen Krankheitserreger. Die Forscher orientierten sich an der Substanz "Artemisinin" aus dem Einjhrigen Beifu (Artemisia annua). "OZ277" lsst sich vergleichweise einfach produzieren und wirkt nach Angaben der Forscher im Fachjournal "Nature" (Bd. 430, S. 900) gegen mehrere Stadien der Erreger. Es solle noch in diesem Jahr erste Tests am Menschen geben, nachdem Tierversuche sehr ermutigend verlaufen seien, berichtet die Gruppe um Jonathan Vennerstrom von der Universitt von Nebraska in Omaha (USA). Artemisinin erwies sich bereits vor 30 Jahren als gutes Mittel gegen Malaria, in der chinesischen Naturmedizin wird Beifu schon seit 1500 Jahren geschtzt. Die Natursubstanz lsst sich jedoch nur mit einem teuren Verfahren aus der Pflanze isolieren, wird vom Krper zudem nicht besonders gut aufgenommen und ist damit in den armen Lndern nicht sehr weit verbreitet. Der synthetische Wirkstoff ist besser wasserlslich und kann auch in greren Mengen hergestellt werden. Die von Mcken bertragenen Malaria-Erreger tten nach UN-Angaben mindestens eine Million Menschen im Jahr. Fast alle der jhrlich 300 Millionen Krankheitsflle treten in den tropischen Lndern auf. "Kombiniert mit einem zweiten Malariamittel knnte diese neue Klasse (von Medikamenten) die zurzeit beste Lsung sein, um resistente Malariaparasiten zu zerstren", schriebt Paul O'Neill von der Universitt in Liverpool in einem begleitenden "Nature"-Kommentar. Die Welt (Germany) Ein scharfes Schwert gegen Malaria Forscher entwickeln Medikament nach Pflanzenvorbild - Keine Resistenzen von Samiha Shafy Omaha- Malaria ist eine globale Gefahr, die sich permanent vergrert: Rund 40 Prozent der Weltbevlkerung leben in den tropischen und subtropischen Risikogebieten. ber 300 Millionen Menschen infizieren sich laut Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) jedes Jahr mit dem Malaria-Erreger, der durch Anopheles-Mcken bertragen wird. Die heimtckische Tropenkrankheit fordert jhrlich eine Million Menschenleben. Damit hat sich die Zahl der malariabedingten Todesflle in den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten verdoppelt. Die WHO ist noch weit entfernt von ihrem Ziel, die Zahl der Erkrankten von 2000 bis 2010 zu halbieren. Ein Grund dafr ist, dass der Parasit, der die roten Blutzellen befllt, zunehmend Resistenzen gegen die verfgbaren Medikamente entwickelt. In der heutigen Ausgabe des Fachjournals "Nature" berichtet nun ein internationales Forscherteam um Jonathan L. Vennerstrom von der Universitt von Nebraska in Omaha ber eine Entdeckung, die groe Hoffnungen weckt: Die Forscher haben einen synthetischen Wirkstoff entwickelt, der hnliche Eigenschaften besitzt wie eine derzeit verwendete Klasse von Malaria-Medikamenten, deren Wirkstoff Artemisinin aus der chinesischen Heilpflanze Artemisia annua gewonnen wird. Diese so genannten Artesunate und Artemether werden gegenwrtig von der WHO als bestes Mittel gegen Malaria empfohlen, weil sie effektiv wirken und im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Medikamenten bisher keine Resistenzen hervorgerufen haben. Sie haben aber auch Nachteile: So sind sie teuer herzustellen und wirken nur fr kurze Zeit. "Das Artemisinin-Molekl ist zu komplex, um es zu einem vernnftigen Preis knstlich herzustellen. Deshalb haben wir den Teil des Molekls, der fr die Wirkung verantwortlich ist, in ein einfacheres Molekl eingebaut", erlutert Reto Brun vom Schweizerischen Tropeninstitut in Basel, der an der Studie beteiligt war. Dieser wirksame Teil ist eine so genannte Peroxidbrcke, die mit einem Stoffwechselprodukt des Erregers reagiert. Dadurch bilden sich im Parasiten aggressive Zellgifte, die ihn tten, die menschliche Wirtszelle aber nicht schdigen. Bei ihrem 277. Versuch, ein knstliches Molekl mit demselben Wirkmechanismus zu "bauen", waren die Forscher erfolgreich: Der synthetische Wirkstoff, genannt OZ277, bekmpfte den Malaria-Erreger Plasmodium falciparum im Tierversuch sogar effektiver und dauerhafter als die heutigen Medikamente auf Pflanzenbasis. Auerdem eignet er sich besser fr eine kostengnstige Massenproduktion. "Wir haben den Stoff gegen 14 verschiedene Stmme des Parasiten getestet, und er wirkte bei allen gleich gut. Deshalb werden wir wohl vorerst auch keine Probleme mit Resistenzen haben", sagt Brun. Zurzeit werde das neue Medikament in klinischen Studien getestet. Verlaufen die Tests erfolgreich, knnte es gem Brun im Jahr 2008 auf den Markt kommen. Artikel erschienen am Do, 19. August 2004 Elmundo (Spain) ARTEMISINA Crean una copia sinttica de una planta china eficaz contra la malaria MARA VALERIO Un equipo internacional ha logrado desarrollar una copia sinttica de la planta que representa actualmente la esperanza contra la malaria para millones de enfermos. Se trata de la artemisina, una milenaria hierba china empleada tradicionalmente como remedio contra la fiebre y que la Organizacin Mundial de la Salud reconoce ahora como la terapia farmacolgica ms eficaz contra la malaria. Sus descubridores aseguran que este frmaco sinttico, con idnticas propiedades que la  HYPERLINK "http://elmundosalud.elmundo.es/elmundosalud/documentos/2004/05/malaria/texto1.html" \t "_blank" artemisina, es mucho ms barato que la sustancia natural y permite adems superar uno de los grandes problemas de los actuales tratamientos, las resistencias. Los trabajos de un equipo de cientficos procedentes de Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Suiza y Australia acaban de aparecer publicados en la ltima edicin de la revista  HYPERLINK "http://www.nature.com" \t "_blank" 'Nature', y aunque an habr que esperar hasta que la sustancia, bautizada como 'OZ277' (o bien 'RBx-11160), pueda comercializarse, los especialistas se muestras optimistas con los primeros resultados. "Hemos probado dosis diferentes en ms de una docena de voluntarios sanos y los resultados son prometedores", ha explicado a la revista  HYPERLINK "http://www.newscientist.com" \t "_blank" 'New Scientist' Lise Riopel, miembro de una organizacin dedicada a la lucha contra la malaria ( HYPERLINK "http://www.el-mundo.es/elmundosalud/2004/08/19/medicina/mmv.org" \t "_blank" Medicines for Malaria Venture) que est participando en la iniciativa. Segn esta misma publicacin, se espera que los ensayos en fase II comiencen el prximo ao. Un tratamiento ms fcil de seguir A diferencia de lo que ocurre con la artemisina natural, las pautas del tratamiento 'sinttico' son ms sencillas de seguir lo que permitira combatir el problema de las resistencias, que aparecen cuando los pacientes no siguen regularmente las dosis recomendadas. Segn sealan los autores a la agencia Reuters, la enfermedad se est convirtiendo en una gran amenaza a medida que el parsito que la produce, un mosquito, adquiere inmunidad frente a los medicamentos actualmente empleados, como la cloroquina. "A pesar del xito del tratamiento con artemisina", indica el trabajo, "como frmaco, esta planta presenta ciertos inconvenientes qumicos, biofarmacolgicos y de tratamiento que limitan su potencial teraputico". Su 'copia' de laboratorio parece superar en parte estos escollos, simplificando el rgimen de dosis, y resulta hasta cinco veces ms barata de producir gracias a su sencilla estructura molecular. Segn explica la edicin 'on line' de la revista 'Nature', en ensayos con ratones la nueva versin ha logrado una reduccin del 95-100% de los parsitos causantes de la malaria en slo cuatro das, mientras que la artemisina necesita al menos siete das para eliminar el 95% de los parsitos. Por su parte, Paul O'Neill, de la Universidad de Liverpool asegura en un artculo que publica la misma revista y que acompaa al trabajo, que esta sustancia de laboratorio "podra ser la mejor solucin para destruir a los parsitos causantes de la malaria resistente". Segn explica O'Neill, el mecanismo de OZ277 podra compararse con una especie de 'caballo de Troya' que elimina numerosas protenas y enzimas esenciales para la supervivencia del parsito. La artemisina ('Artemisia annua') se emplea en la lejana China desde hace ms de 1.500 aos, aunque su estudio contra la malaria data de hace slo unas dcadas, precisamente coincidiendo con la rpida expansin de la enfermedad. La organizacin Malaria for Medicine Ventures estima que cada ao se necesitan entre 300 y 500 millones de tratamientos contra esta patologa en todo el mundo. "Si los ensayos con humanos tienen xito el nuevo frmaco sinttico podra suponer todo un hito en esta lucha", ha asegurado Lise Riopel. Noticias (Spain) Nuevas drogas avivan la esperanza sobre una cura para la malaria Los experimentos realizados con la droga sinttica Codenamed OZ, denominada artemisinina en la medicina tradicional china, podra convertirse en el mayor hito de esta poca en el tratamiento de la malaria, indica la revista cientfica britnica Nature en su edicin de este jueves. "Los estudios clnicos iniciales en humanos han determinado que la droga es segura y bien tolerada", de acuerdo con la Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). "Los test para determinar su eficacia en pacientes de malaria comenzarn en enero de 2005. Si son exitosos, podra ser la prxima arma principal en la lucha contra la malaria", agrega. "La droga sinttica podra ser una alternativa mucho ms barata y efectiva que las actuales curas de malaria", prosigue. "Como la OZ es una droga sinttica y no require la planta natural, como las terapias basadas en la combinacin de artemisinina (ACT), sus costes se pueden reducir significativamente y la produccin de la droga puede ser ms sencilla y rpida para cubrir la demanda", dice la MMV. La MMV se describe a s misma como una organizacin sin nimo de lucro establecida para descubrir, desarrollar nuevas drogas antimalaria asequibles a travs de asociaciones efectivas pblico-privadas. Actualmente, los laboratorios Ranbaxy, socios de la MMV, estn desarrollando en la India la nueva droga. La investigacin inicial fue realizada por un equipo de la Universidad de Nebraska (EEUU), la Universidad de Monash (Australia), el Instituto Tropical Suizo y F. Hoffman Roche, de Suiza. La resistencia a la droga es un problema que presenta la malaria, que afecta a cerca del 40% de la poblacin mundial y que provoca la muerte de ms de un milln de personas al da. RozpoczBy si testy kliniczne syntetycznego leku na zimnic - Naukowcy zapowiadaj przeBom w walce z chorob zabijajc 1,5 mln ludzi rocznie Aljazeera + Agencies *-/J+) 'D3'9) 07:44(EC) 'DEC1E)), 4:44(:1JF*4) 9B'1 ,/J/ DDED'1J' EF /H'! 94(J 5JFJ '(*C1 9DE'! EF 'DHD'J'* 'DE*-/) H(1J7'FJ' H3HJ31' H#3*1'DJ' 9B'1' *1CJ(J' JECF #F J(9+ #ED' ,/J/' AJ E91C) EC'A-) E16 'DED'1J'. HJ1*C2 'D9B'1 'D,/J/ 9DI E'/) CJEJ'&J) *E 'D9+H1 9DJG' AJ /H'! 94(J *BDJ/J 5JFJ. HJG*E 'D9DE'! EF0 A*1) 7HJD) (9B'1 "#1*JEJ3JFJF" HGH 9('1) 9F /H'! 94(J DD-EI J3*.1, EF D-'! 4,1) 'D#A3F*JF ('D4J-) H(/' #FG J3'9/ AJ B*D 7AJDJ'* 'DED'1J'. DCF 'D9B'1 'D7(J9J ECDA HJ*7D( (1'E, 9D', E9B/) EF 'D59( %.6'9 'DE16I DG'. HJBHD A1JB 'D9DE'! 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HYPERLINK "http://www.aljazeera.net/health/2004/8/8-19-2.htm" \l "TOP#TOP"  'DE5/1 :1HJ*12  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.dw-world.de/img/transpa.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  ********************************************************************************** FOLHA (Brazil) Pesquisadores testam substncia promissora contra a malria da France Presse, em Paris Uma nova substncia para combater a malria obtida de maneira completamente sinttica e bem tolerada pelo organismo, segundo os testes clnicos preliminares, pode se tornar uma importante arma contra a doena, que afeta 600 milhes de pessoas no mundo e mata uma criana africana a cada 30 segundos. A descoberta desta molcula, inspirada em um componente de uma planta chinesa, a artemisina, descrita na revista cientfica britnica "Nature" ( HYPERLINK "http://www.nature.com" \t "_blank" www.nature.com) que chega s bancas nesta quinta-feira por uma equipe internacional formada por pesquisadores das universidades de Nebraska (Estados Unidos), Monash (Australia), do Instituto Tropical Suo e da empresa farmacutica sua Hoffman Roche. A substncia, batizada de OZ 277, est sendo desenvolvida atualmente por uma organizao sem fins lucrativos dedicada pesquisa de novas terapias baratas contra a malria, graas a parcerias entre os setores pblico e privado, o MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture) e a empresa farmacutica indiana Ranbaxy. Os testes de segurana e boa tolerncia do "OZ" fora realizados no Reino Unido, afirma o MMV. "Os testes de eficcia nos pacientes afetados pela malria comearo em janeiro de 2005", informa a organizao. "Em caso de sucesso, este medicamento pode se tornar a prxima grande arma para combater esta doena" e a mais poderosa para combater problemas de rejeio aos tratamentos, avalia. "Pode representar o avano teraputico no combate malria mais importante de nossa gerao", entusiasma-se o MMV. A malria uma doena parasitria que pode ser tratada, apesar de matar mais de um milho de pessoas, a maioria na frica. Ao contrrio dos derivados semi-sintticos da artemisina atualmente disponvel, a OZ pode ser sintetizada completamente em grande escala e a um custo acessvel para a frica. O objetivo perseguido um tratamento simples e curto, em apenas uma administrao oral diria durante um mximo de trs dias. Noticias (Mexico) Crean prometedora sustancia para combatir malaria Londres, Reino Unido, 19 de agosto. Un equipo de investigadores internacionales fabric una sustancia que promete ser efectiva para combatir la malaria, siguiendo el modelo de un compuesto que se extrae de la artemisia (Artemisia annua), una planta anual. Un equipo de investigadores internacionales fabric una sustancia que promete ser efectiva para combatir la malaria, siguiendo el modelo de un compuesto que se extrae de la artemisia (Artemisia annua), una planta anual. La nueva sustancia OZ277 ataca una enzima clave de los agentes patgenos unicelulares causantes de la malaria, los plasmodios, y es relativamente fcil de producir, explica el grupo de cientficos encabezado por Jonathan Vennerstrom, de la Universidad de Nebraska en Omaha, Estados Unidos, en un artculo publicado en la revista cientfica britnica Nature (volumen 430) en su edicin de maana jueves. Adems, el nuevo frmaco es efectivo en varios estadios del ciclo de vida del plasmodio. Los cientficos esperan poder iniciar an este ao las primeras pruebas en humanos, luego de los alentadores resultados obtenidos en experimentos con animales. Hace 30 aos se descubri que la artemisia era una buena sustancia para combatir la malaria. En la medicina natural china, la artemisia se utiliza desde hace mil 500 aos. Sin embargo, esta sustancia slo se puede aislar de la planta a travs de un costoso proceso, no es bien incorporada en el cuerpo humano y, por lo tanto, su uso no es extendido en los pases pobres. En cambio, la sustancia sinttica es ms soluble en agua y puede ser fabricada en grandes cantidades. Los plasmodios, que son transmitidos por mosquitos, matan al menos a un milln de personas por ao, segn datos difundidos por la Organizacin de Naciones Unidas (ONU). Casi la totalidad de los 300 millones de casos anuales se registran en los pases tropicales. "En combinacin con una segunda sustancia contra la malaria, esta nueva clase (de medicamentos) podra ser actualmente la mejor solucin para destruir a los parsitos resistentes de la malaria", agrega Paul O'Neill, de la Universidad de Liverpool, en un comentario en Nature ********************************************************************** Noticias (Peru) Desarrollan droga contra la malaria a base de hierbas Cientficos internacionales desarrollaron una droga, basada en la tradicional hierba medicinal china Artemisia annua, que detiene la propagacin de la malaria, segn un estudio divulgado hoy. El nuevo frmaco, conocido cientficamente como OZ277, ya est siendo probado en laboratorios de Gran Bretaa y podra ponerse en uso en enero del prximo ao. La investigacin, realizada por expertos de Estados Unidos, Suiza, Australia y Gran Bretaa, fue publicada hoy en la revista cientfica Nature. La nueva droga reproduce el tratamiento chino de artemisinina, basado en una hierba dulce conocida como Artemisia annua. Ahora, los expertos desarrollaron la droga sintticamente, lo cual abaratar sus costos al poder producirla en forma masiva. La droga, que comenz a ser desarrollada en Europa y Estados Unidos, fue producida por los laboratorios Ranbaxy de la India, en colaboracin con el grupo "Medicinas contra la Malaria". El anuncio fue calificado "de gran importancia mdica y de prevencin" por la comunidad cientfica de Gran Bretaa y Estados Unidos. La hierba Artemisia es conocida como un prctico remedio desde hace ms de 1.500 aos, pero su valor para los tratamientos contra la malaria, slo comenz a estudiarse en los ltimos 30 aos. Ese medicamento creado de la extraccin de sustancias de la hierba, mataba directamente al parsito de la malaria, propagado por el mosquito Anfeles, que al contaminar la sangre posibilita la entrada del parsito en el sistema circulatorio humano. Sin embargo, esa primera droga era difcil de producir y muy costosa. "Esto se debe a que la planta de Artemisia tarda 18 meses en crecer y luego la droga debe ser extrada con mucho cuidado", explic Brian Greenwood, especialista de la Escuela de Medicina Tropical e Higiene de Londres. "La nueva investigacin ha logrado producir una droga similar que aquella derivada de la planta, pero que deja de ser cara de producir y no tiene que esperar a que la planta crezca", agreg el cientfico. En frica, donde las ltimas cifras oficiales establecen que la malaria mata a un nio cada 30 segundos, se necesitan 500 millones de dosis de medicina contra esa enfermedad, y el costo de tratamientos ascendi en el ltimo ao a 13.000 millones de dlares, el 40 por ciento del dinero pblico destinado a la Salud. ************************************************************************************************************************ El Tiempo (Venezuela) Logran frmaco contra la malaria LONDRES - Los cientficos crearon un frmaco sinttico que puede ofrecer nuevas esperanzas en la lucha contra la malaria. Casi 2.000 millones de personas viven en reas afectadas por la malaria. La enfermedad, transmitida por los mosquitos, se est convirtiendo en una amenaza mayor a medida que el parsito que la causa desarrolla inmunidad a los frmacos utilizados para combatirlo. El nuevo medicamento se basa en un qumico que se encuentra en la tradicional medicina china de hierbas. Desde hace tiempo los cientficos estn interesados en la artemisinina, un remedio para la fiebre en base a hierbas, que proviene de la corteza del rbol del ajenjo y que se ha demostrado puede servir para matar a los parsitos de la malaria. Pero la elaboracin de este frmaco natural es caro y requiere unos complicados programas de tratamiento, que es difcil que los pacientes cumplan. Un equipo internacional de cientficos de Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaa, Suiza y Australia dijo en una investigacin que apareci en la publicacin cientfica britnica Nature que haba desarrollado un frmaco sinttico, el OZ277, diseado para ofrecer los beneficios de la artemisinina y que podra ser ms barato de producir, adems de tener mayor potencia. Antes de que el OZ277 pueda convertirse en un medicamento comercial, deber superar algunas pruebas. Pero, en otro artculo publicado, Paul O'Neill, de los departamentos de Qumica y Farmacologa de la Universidad de Liverpool, dijo que la nueva clase de componentes "podra ofrecer la mejor solucin hasta la fecha para destruir a los parsitos de la malaria resistentes a los frmacos." El Nacional (Venezuela) Prueban nueva molcula sinttica contra el paludismo Una nueva molcula antipaludismo obtenida de manera completamente sinttica y bien tolerada por el organismo, segn las pruebas clnicas preliminares, podra convertirse en un importante arma contra esta enfermedad que afecta a 600 millones de personas en el mundo y mata a un nio africano cada 30 segundos. El descubrimiento de esta molcula, inspirada en un componente de una planta china, la artemisina, se describe en la revista cientfica britnica Nature que sale a la venta el jueves, por un equipo internacional que asocia a investigadores de las universidades de Nebraska (Estados Unidos), Monash (Australia), del Instituto Tropical Suizo y de la firma farmacutica suiza Hoffman Roche. La molcula, bautizada como OZ 277, est siendo desarrollada actualmente por una organizacin sin fines de lucro dedicada a la investigacin de nuevas terapias contra el paludismo poco costosas, gracias a asociaciones entre el sector pblico y privado, el MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture) y la firma farmacutica india Ranbaxy. Las pruebas de seguridad y de buena tolerancia de la "OZ" se realizan en Gran Bretaa, indica el MMV. "Los tests de eficacia en los pacientes afectados por el paludismo comenzarn en enero 2005", precisa esta organizacin. "En caso de xito, este medicamento podra convertirse en la prxima gran arma para combatir esta enfermedad" y "el arma ms poderosa" para combatir los problemas de resistencias a los tratamientos, estima. Podra representar "el avance teraputico antipaludismo ms importante de nuestra generacin", se entusiasma el MMV. El paludismo es una enfermedad parasitaria que se puede tratar, aunque cada ao ms un milln de personas mueren debido a ella, en particular en frica. Contrariamente a los derivados semisintticos de la artemisina atualmente disponible, la OZ puede ser sintetizada completamente a gran escala y a un costo ms abordable para Africa. El objetivo perseguido es un tratamiento simple y corto, en una sola administracin oral diaria durante un mximo de tres das. Bosa (S. Korea) i1 DL̲ й|D} ) й|D} 'DL̲'(artemisinin)X D i1 'OZ277'(trioxolane 7)X t m ‘ xij }Ŭ 1(Ranbaxy) 18| . ɜ 65D L m YՐt e(sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua) \ DL̲@ ֬ ֥t %Xt ǩ@ @ й|D}<\, DD@ Dլt  1 й|DX X̸ t . $ DƬ l8貴 MMV(Medicines for Malaria Venture)X <\ m, m, Ǥ@ 8 lt X 1 D 5 MMV\0 ӌD x\ OZ277@ Y8 '$tǘ' 19|ǐ  Ȅ 0tt, i1 t, D, }ٳY  a( t 0t DL̲D XՔ <\ Ь.  Xinhua News (China) eNSQ]ΞgeN5u lVb Re;NeXdY N 09RWb 0uukt^:YpNLu N $\vQ/f^2mTNWSN0W:SNNvu}T v^ONN sSk*N0WtE\l-N1\ gNNmSuuؚpvu0:Ndk TTVT_Y'YWVE:ggSwN2luuveN0 ǏP[ Ogvvuu/fNy}Tuu vQ{kNsNt^0Rt^]~cؚN0NNb_v/f O~bPo]~NuNbo'` lHeu_0~Ǐt^vqQ TRR V'Yf[vSf[[T^tX0pS^v6RoS[~N_NNyN{^\ iircSveWbPo S T:N/:0ُy{^\ iir/f-NV(WYt^MR1\Ƌv^(uegluv0 Vietnam News Agency Anh: Bo ch loi thuc cha st rt mi 20/08/2004 -- 11:39(GMT+7) Lun n (TTXVN) - T "Thi bo" ca Anh ngy 19/8 cho bit vic th nghim i vi OZ, mt loi thuc cha st rt mi, c bo ch theo phng thuc c truyn ca Trung Quc  to ra bc t ph ln nht trong qu trnh iu tr cn bnh ny v OZ s l loi thuc hiu nghim cha tng c  chng li bnh st rt. Theo t bo trn, cc cuc th nghim  Anh cho thy OZ khng c nhng phn ng ph ng k no v nhng th nghim lm sng i vi bnh nhn s c bt u  chu Phi v Thi Lan vo nm 2005. Nu thnh cng, thuc OZ c th s c s dng rng ri  iu tr bnh st rt trong vng 4 nm ti. Thuc OZ, do t chc chng st rt MMV (Medicines for Malaria Venture) v Cng ty dc phm Ranbaxy ca n  hp tc, bo ch da theo tc dng chng st rt ca thuc nam atmixinin - thuc chit xut t ngi ng trong y hc c truyn Trung Quc. Tuy nhin, OZ l mt loi thuc hon ton nhn to v do  c th c sn xut i tr vi gi r hn nhiu so vi phng php chit xut atmixinin t thin nhin. OZ c thi hn s dng di hn so vi atmixinin v c tc dng iu tr tt hn./.Rzeczpospolita (Poland) Pokonamy malari Jest nadzieja dla 300 milionw osb cierpicych na malari - opracowano syntetyczny, dobrze tolerowany przez organizm ludzki lek, walczcy z paso|ytami powodujcymi t chorob. UdaBo si to, czego na pr|no od pitnastu lat usiBowali dokona naukowcy z wielu krajw. Testy kliniczne nowego leku ju| rozpoczBy si w Wielkiej Brytanii. Substancja uzyskana syntetycznie otrzymaBa nazw OZ 277. Osignicie to jest dzieBem midzynarodowego zespoBu naukowcw z Centrum Medycznego Uniwersytetu Stanowego Nebraski, australijskiego Uniwersytetu Monash, Szwajcarskiego Instytutu Tropikalnego oraz laboratorium szwajcarskiej firmy farmaceutycznej Hoffman Roche. Wiadomo[ o sukcesie publikuje brytyjski tygodnik naukowy "Nature". Przygotowania do u|ycia substancji na szersz skal prowadzi indyjska firma farmaceutyczna Ranbaxy - partner Medicines for Malaria Venture, organizacji non profit zajmujcej si poszukiwaniem nowych niedrogich [rodkw przeciw malarii. MMV uBatwia wspBprac na tym polu midzy instytucjami publicznymi i prywatnymi. Malaria - obok AIDS i gruzlicy - uznawana jest przez Zwiatow Organizacj Zdrowia (WHO) za najniebezpieczniejsz chorob zakazn na [wiecie. Szacuje si, |e na zimnic choruje dzi[ 300 mln ludzi (niektre dane mwi o 500 mln). Z jej powodu umiera ka|dego roku 1 - 1,5 mln chorych, w tym 800 tys. dzieci. Sprawdzona Uzyskana syntetycznie substancja jest podobna do naturalnie wystpujcej artemisyny. Artemisyn zawiera doskonale znana w lecznictwie ro[lina, tzw. bylica jednoroczna (Artemisia annua), krewna pioBunu. Ro[lin t chiDska medycyna stosuje w leczeniu malarii ju| od 1500 lat. W walce z t chorob wykorzystuje si te| pochodne artemisyny - artemeter i artesunian. Jednak w rejonach, gdzie wystpuje najwicej zachorowaD na malari, produkcja i przechowywanie lekw pochodzenia naturalnego jest niezwykle trudne. Do tego ich wytwarzanie jest do[ kosztowne. I tu przychodzi z pomoc chemia. - Przetestowali[my r|ne dawki u ponad tuzina ochotnikw i rezultaty s bardzo zachcajce - powiedziaBa Lise Riopel z MMV. 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Tania W wielu regionach kuli ziemskiej paso|yty wywoBujce malari, roznoszone przez komary, zd|yBy si uodporni na leki u|ywane od wielu lat - przede wszystkim chinin i chlorochin. Dlatego Zwiatowa Organizacja Zdrowia zalecaBa krajom, w ktrych wystpuje zjawisko uodpornienia malarycznych paso|ytw przeciw konwencjonalnym lekom, stosowanie substancji pochodnych od artemisyny. Dotychczasowe badania wskazuj, |e paso|yty nie uodporniBy si na artemisyn - prawdopodobnie dlatego, |e atakuje ona kilka biaBek jednocze[nie. Niestety, mimo |e jedna dawka dla osoby dorosBej kosztuje dwa dolary, jest to i tak zbyt wiele dla krajw zacofanych; dla porwnania, jedna porcja tradycyjnej chininy kosztuje od dziesiciu do dwudziestu razy mniej. WBa[nie na takim poziomie bdzie si ksztaBtowa cena leku nowej generacji. Dlatego naukowcy tak intensywnie prowadzili prace zmierzajce do syntetycznego, czyli taniego, uzyskiwania artemisyny (ACT). W przeciwieDstwie do aktualnie dostpnych pBsyntetycznych pochodnych artemisyny nowa czsteczka OZ 277 mo|e by uzyskiwana w sposb caBkowicie syntetyczny, na skal przemysBow, bez korzystania z drogich wycigw ro[linnych. Skuteczna Celem midzynarodowego zespoBu byBo uzyskanie substancji umo|liwiajcej leczenie tanie i szybkie. ZakBadano, |e musi to by lek podawany zwyczajnie, doustnie, raz dziennie. Przeprowadzone wstpne testy kliniczne wskazuj, |e cel zostaB osignity. Wystarczy kuracja trwajca jedynie trzy dni, aby caBkowicie wyleczy malari. Nowa substancja dziaBa silniej i dBu|ej "in vivo" ni| artemeter czy artesunian. Testy przeprowadzone w Wielkiej Brytanii wykazaBy, |e OZ 277 nie powoduje skutkw ubocznych. Kolejna tura testw, na wikszej grupie chorych, rozpocznie si w styczniu 2005 roku. - Je|eli i tym razem zakoDcz si one sukcesem - podkre[la Paul O'Neill - substancja ta wreszcie mo|e sta si skuteczn, powszechnie dostpn broni przeciw uodpornionym na medykamenty paso|ytom wywoBujcym malari. By mo|e otrzymujemy do rki najbardziej skuteczn terapi antymalaryczn w naszym pokoleniu. - Nowy tani lek syntetyczny mo|e okaza si przeBomem w walce z malari - wtruje mu Lisa Riopel. KRZYSZTOF KOWALSKI, PIOTR KOZCIELNIAK ****************************************************************************** Plivazdravlje (Hungary) Novi sinteti ki lijek protiv malarije Meunarodna skupina nanstvenika je razvila sinteti ki lijek koji mo~e ponuditi novu nadu u borbi protiv malarije. Malarija je postala velika prijetnja nakon ato su njeni prijenosnici komarci razvili imunitet na lijekove kojima se bolest suzbijala. U podru jima svijeta gdje ima malarije ~ivi gotovo 2 milijarde ljudi. Novi je lijek baziran na kemikaliji pronaenoj u tradicionalnoj kineskoj biljnoj medicini. Znanstvenici su se dugo zanimali za biljni lijek koji se dobiva od kore slatkog pelina, a za koji se pokazalo da poma~e u ubijanju  HYPERLINK "http://www.plivazdravlje.hr/?section=knjiznica&section_menu=leksikon&id=142" \o "}ivotinja koja ~ivi na ra un druge, mo~e biti i prijenosnik bolesti." \t "_blank" parazita malarije. Prirodni lijek je skupo proizvesti i zahtijeva komplicirane programe lije enja. Meunarodni tim znanstvenika iz SAD-a, Britanije, `vicarske i Australije je razvio sinteti ki lijek nazvan OZ277, s djelovanjem sli nim onom kod biljnog lijeka, no jeftinijeg za proizvodnju i u inkovitijeg. Prije nego ato OZ277 postane komercijalni lijek bit e potrebno dodatno ga ispitati, dodaju znanstvenici. Otkriven sinteti ki lijek protiv malarije etvrtak, 19.8.2004 04:44  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.index.hr/img/dummy.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET ZNANSTVENICI su otkrili sinteti ki lijek koji mo~e ponuditi novu nadu u borbi protiv malarije, bolesti koja je postala velika prijetnja nakon ato su njeni prijenosnici komarci razvili imunitet na lijekove kojima se bolest suzbijala. U podru jima svijeta gdje ima malarije ~ivi gotovo dvije milijarde ljudi. Novi je lijek baziran na kemikaliji pronaenoj u tradicionalnoj kineskoj biljnoj medicini. Znanstvenici su se dugo zanimali za Artemisinin, biljni lijek koji se dobiva od kore slatkog pelina, a za koji se pokazalo da poma~e u ubijanju parazita malarije. Prirodni lijek je skupo proizvesti i zahtijeva komplicirane programe lije enja. Meunarodni tim znanstvenika iz SAD-a, Britanije, `vicarske i Australije ustvrdio je u istra~ivanju objavljenom u britanskom nau nom asopisu "Nautre" da je razvio sinteti ki lijek "OZ277", s dobrobiti Artemisinina, jeftiniji za proizvodnju i u inkovitiji. Prije nego ato "OZ277" postane komercijalni lijek bit e potrebno dodatno ga ispitati. No, u prateem lanku Paul ONeill s Kemijskog i farmakoloakog odsjeka Sveu iliata u Liverpoolu ka~e da novi spoj moe ponuditi najbolje rjeaenje za uniatenje prijenosnika malarije imunih na postojee lijekove. RTS Vesti (Radio-Television Serbia) NOVI LEK PROTIV MALARIJE NAUKA - etvrtak, Avgust 19, 2004 12:46 RTS Grupa ameri kih, australijskih i avajcarskih istra~iva a nada se da je sintetizovala novu vrstu leka protiv malarije koji ljudi dobro podnose, ato bi najzad omoguilo efikasnu borbu protiv te bolesti koja u Africi svakih 30 sekundi ubije po jedno dete. U pitanju je molekul nazvan OZ 277. Sintetizovan je po uzoru na jedan sastojak kineske biljke artemizine, objavila je britanska nau na revija 'Nej er', zajedno sa rezultatima istra~ivanja stru njaka iz Nebraske [SAD], Monaaa [Australije], `vajcarskog instituta za tropske bolesti i farmakoloake firme Hofman Roa. Lek se trenutno se proizvodi u neprofitnoj organizaciji MMV [Medicine for Malaria Venture], koja radi na pronala~enju novih jeftinih lekova protiv malarije, uz pomo indijske farmaceutske kue Ranbaksi. Testiranje podnoaenja i neatetnosti novog leka obavlja se u Velikoj Britaniji. Ispitivanje na obolelima po ee u januaru 2005. godine i nau nici se nadaju da e to biti do sada najefikasniji lek protiv malarije, koja je izle iva bolest - ali od nje godianje umre viae od milion ljudi. Do sada su dobijani polusinteti ki lekovi od biljke artemizine, a prednost OZ 277 je ato mo~e da se sintetiae u potpunosti. Cena njegove prozivodnje je toliko niska da je dostupna i afri kim dr~avama. 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