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http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1972?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1971?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1970?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1969?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1968?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1967?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1966?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1965?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1964?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1963?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1962?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/19      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~61?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1960?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1959?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1958?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1957?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1956?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1955?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=AllDyK yK 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To end poverty by 2020. To produce a federal budget surplus FY 18 by deleting the Allowances, Other Independent Agencies (on-budget and off-budget) and Other Defense - Civil Programs rows from the Government Outlays by Agency Ledger (GOAL) under Art. 2(2) of the US Constitution. To amend the federal minimum wage from $7.25 an hour 2009-2017 to '$7.50 in 2018 and 3% more every year thereafter.' under 29USC206(a)(1)(D). To support the Treasury's decision to abolish the refundable premium and cost sharing reduction subsidy FY 18, all the action now takes place under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) <15.0%. To begin to experimentally reduce Medicare Part A HI tax revenues received by the Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund from the 2.9% payroll tax rate to 2.6% payroll tax received, and continue to reduce federal outlays for Parts B and D to 3% annual growth from FY 14 beginning FY 18 when a zero growth policy would take over for all three programs to try to keep federal health outlays under the $1 trillion limbo bar until national health expenditures are less than 10% of GDP. To raise the patient's share in nursing homes to the greater of $300 or 30% of benefits, by Treasury under 24USC14a or fee under 24USC414. To amend the 1.8% DI tax rate starting January 1, 2019 in Sec. 201(b)(1)(T) of the Social Security Act under 42USC401(b)(1)(T) to either 2.1% DI tax, or 2.0% DI tax if OASI pays $240.4 billion including 2.5% interest for CY09-CY15 to replicate to the extent possible revenue that would have been received if the OASDI tax had been properly adjusted by Public Law 112-96. To replace the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430 with 'There is created in the Treasury a Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund.' To tax the rich the full 12.4% Old Age Survivor and Disability Insurance (OASDI) tax on all their income to pay 16-24 million children growing up poor SSI benefits FY18. To publish a highly simplified online SSI application form without any In-kind-support maintenance (ISMs) and optional disability questionnaire, for speedy Income and Eligibility Verification System in Sec. 1137 of the Social Security Act under 42USC132b-7. To end benefit attrition with a 3% Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) rule every year inflation continues to run about 2.7% and the Trust Fund Ratio is greater than 20% under Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act 42USC415(i). To make an exception to the rule to pay $777 mo. SSI a 5.7% COLA is needed from CY17, a 2.7% COLA CY18 followed by 3% COLA to $777 SSI CY19 and 3% COLA every year for the earnings of low income beneficiaries and workers to stay ahead of 2.7% average annual inflation. To change the due date for the Annual Reports from April 1, April fool s day, to the 'summer solstice June 20-21' in Sec. 1161 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1320c-10. Be the Democratic-Republican (DR) two party system Fired 1st ed. 15 Sep. 2004, 2nd 1 June 2005, 3rd 18 June 2006, 4th 17 June 2007. 5th 12 June 2009, 6th 31 July 2010, 7th 17 Aug. 2011, 8th 14 July 2012, 9th 26 July 2015, 10th 7 Sep. 2015, 11th 17 Sep. 2017 Part 1 Fiscal Year 2018 71  HYPERLINK \l "bs"Federal Ledger 72  HYPERLINK \l "leg"Legislative Branch 73  HYPERLINK \l "jud"Judicial Branch 74  HYPERLINK \l "ag"Agriculture 75  HYPERLINK \l "xo"Commerce and Small Business Administration 76  HYPERLINK \l "civ"Corp of Engineers  Civil Works 77  HYPERLINK \l "cu "Customs 77a  HYPERLINK \l "femab"Federal Emergency Management Administration 78  HYPERLINK \l "en "Education 79  HYPERLINK \l "en"Energy 80  HYPERLINK \l "epa"Environmental Protection Agency 81  HYPERLINK \l "exo"Executive Office of the President 82  HYPERLINK \l "gsa"General Services Administration 83  HYPERLINK \l "phd "Health 84  HYPERLINK \l "hdtv"Housing and Urban Development 85  HYPERLINK \l "hum"Human Services 86  HYPERLINK \l "interior"Interior 87  HYPERLINK \l "jdfsc"Justice 88  HYPERLINK \l "lr"Labor 89  HYPERLINK \l "defense"Military 90  HYPERLINK \l "nasa"National Aeronautic and Space Administration 91  HYPERLINK \l "nsf"National Science Foundation 92  HYPERLINK \l "opmmm"Office of Personnel Management 93  HYPERLINK \l "sd "State and International Assistance 94  HYPERLINK \l "transportation"Transportation 95  HYPERLINK \l "aft"Treasury 96  HYPERLINK \l "vasa"Veterans Affairs 97  HYPERLINK \l "undis"Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 98  HYPERLINK \l "spend"Total Outlays 99  HYPERLINK \l "revenues"Revenues 100  HYPERLINK \l "surplus"Surplus or Deficit 101  HYPERLINK \l "non"Non-Add 102  HYPERLINK \l "rowss"Postal Service 103  HYPERLINK \l "nationaldebt"Gross Federal Debt 104  HYPERLINK \l "one"Gross Domestic Product Part 2 Social Security 105  HYPERLINK \l "welf"Federal Insurance Contributions Act 106  HYPERLINK \l "bot "Social Security Administration 107  HYPERLINK \l "oasifund"Old Age and Survivor Insurance Trust Fund 108  HYPERLINK \l "di"Disability Insurance Trust Fund 109  HYPERLINK \l "ssiprogram"Supplemental Security Income 110  HYPERLINK \l "tanf"Temporary Assistance for Needy Families 111  HYPERLINK \l "supp"Child Support 112  HYPERLINK \l "utf"Unemployment Compensation Trust Funds 113  HYPERLINK \l "cms "Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services 114  HYPERLINK \l "me "Medicare 115  HYPERLINK \l "hfund"Hospital Insurance Trust Fund 116  HYPERLINK \l "fedsupp"Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund 117  HYPERLINK \l "medicaid"Medicaid 118  HYPERLINK \l "SCHIP"Children s Health Insurance 119  HYPERLINK \l "socerv"Social Services Part 3 Claims 120  HYPERLINK \l "P4"Assistance Applications 121  HYPERLINK \l "terror"Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Part 4 To End Poverty by 2020 Title 1 Without Income Limit Law 129  HYPERLINK \l "sitfd"Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund 130  HYPERLINK \l "maternity"Labor Act 131  HYPERLINK \l "irs"Voluntary 1-2% of Income United Nations Contribution Title 2 Summer Solstice Instructions 132  HYPERLINK \l "ar "Annual Reports 133  HYPERLINK \l "sscs"Social Security Caucus Settlement 134  HYPERLINK \l "ficafi"Federal Insurance Contributions Act <15.0% Title 3 Health Inflation 135  HYPERLINK \l "nhe "<2.6% HI Tax 136  HYPERLINK \l "tss"Toxic Shock Syndrome 137  HYPERLINK \l "mprice"Medicaid Prices for All 138  HYPERLINK \l "refaca"Repeal Refundable Premiums, Cost-sharing Reductions and Tax Credit 139  HYPERLINK \l "refps"Refund Postal Service Retirement Health Benefits Title 4 Rights 140  HYPERLINK \l "redress"Torture Compensation  141  HYPERLINK \l "dep"Deprivation of Relief Benefits 142  HYPERLINK \l "refuygee"Regular Priced Travel and Identification Documents Title 5 Lefts 143  HYPERLINK \l "computer"Computer Piracy 144  HYPERLINK \l "fr"Force Reduction 145  HYPERLINK \l "refund"Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Bureau Title 6 Human Services 146  HYPERLINK \l "grad"Graduation Title 7 White House Office of Management and Budget 147  HYPERLINK \l "grow"Growth Rules 2.5% Administration, 3% Benefits, Zero Health Inflation 149  HYPERLINK \l "abod"To WHOMB it May Concern 150  HYPERLINK \l "fire"Fire the Arsons!!! Part 5 Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve 151  HYPERLINK \l "battle"Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve 152  HYPERLINK \l "name"Name; control, rules and regulations 153  HYPERLINK \l "perfecting"Perfecting bona fide claims to lands; exchange of private lands 154  HYPERLINK \l "unlawful"Unlawful intrusion, or violation of rules and regulations Figures Fig. 1  HYPERLINK \l "goal"Government Outlays by Agency Ledger FY16  FY18 Fig. 2  HYPERLINK \l "legi"Legislative Branch Appropriations FY05-FY23 Fig. 3  HYPERLINK \l "legis"Legislative Branch Appropriations by Agency FY16  FY18 Fig. 4  HYPERLINK \l "electoral"Electoral and Popular Split Ticket Vote 1972  2008 Fig. 5  HYPERLINK \l "jb"Judiciary Budget FY16  FY18 Fig. 6  HYPERLINK \l "agc"Agriculture Budget Correction FY15 - FY18 Fig. 7  HYPERLINK \l "usdaout "USDA Outlays by Agency FY15 - FY18 Fig. 8  HYPERLINK \l "snapst"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Statistics 2007-2018 Fig. 9  HYPERLINK \l "commu"Commerce Department Budget and FTEs FY16 - FY18 Fig. 9.1  HYPERLINK \l "noaasstanon"NOAA Sea Surface Anomaly (SST) Full Global Map 9/14/17 Fig. 10  HYPERLINK \l "popgrwo"Population Growth Estimates of the United States 1960-2016 Fig. 11  HYPERLINK \l "usciv"US Army Corp of Civil Engineers Budget FY15 - FY18 Fig. 12  HYPERLINK \l "customs"Customs FY15  FY18 Fig. 13  HYPERLINK \l "immigration"Migration Estimates 2001-2015 Fig. 14  HYPERLINK \l "drfy"Disaster Relief FY90  FY13 Fig. 15  HYPERLINK \l "major"Major Disaster, Emergency and Fire Management Declarations 1953- 2015 Fig. 16  HYPERLINK \l "annatural"Annual Global Cost of Natural Disasters 1948-2003 Fig. 17  HYPERLINK \l "edout"Education Department Outlays FY15 - FY18 Fig. 18  HYPERLINK \l "ombest"OMB Estimated Federal Education Spending Growth 1962-2020 Fig. 19  HYPERLINK \l "enorg"Energy Department Budget by Organization FY15- FY18 Fig. 20  HYPERLINK \l "epab"EPA Budget by Appropriation FY16  FY18 Fig. 21  HYPERLINK \l "eopb"Executive Office of the President Budget and FTEs FY17 - FY18 Fig. 22  HYPERLINK \l "gsaad"General Services Administration Budget FY15 - FY18 Fig. 23  HYPERLINK \l "health "Health Department Budget FY16 - FY18 Fig. 24  HYPERLINK \l "hhscba"HHS Congressional Budget Authority FY 16  FY 18 Fig. 25  HYPERLINK \l "nheacc" National Health Expenditure Account Balance 2013-2020 Fig. 26  HYPERLINK \l "hudouit"Housing and Urban Development Outlays FY16 - FY18  Fig. 27  HYPERLINK \l "hsbu"Human Service Budget Summary FY16 - FY18 Fig. 28  HYPERLINK \l "socsec"Social Security on-budget FY 15  FY 18 Fig. 29  HYPERLINK \l "sub"Interior Department Budget Total Subtraction Error Correction FY15  FY18 Fig. 30  HYPERLINK \l "inaut"Interior Budget Authority by Bureau FY16  FY18 Fig. 31  HYPERLINK \l "fat"Fatalities, Injury and Illness in the Forestry and Logging Industry 2009-2012 Fig. 32  HYPERLINK \l "timber"Timber Harvesting Safety Fig. 33  HYPERLINK \l "natpark"National Parks Fig. 34  HYPERLINK \l "natrail"National Trails Fig. 35  HYPERLINK \l "djsum"Justice Department Summary of Appropriations FY 16-18 Fig. 36  HYPERLINK \l "dojoff"DOJ Off-budget programs FY16  FY 18 Fig. 37  HYPERLINK \l "vic "Victim Compensation Deposits, Disbursements and Balance FY85  FY17 Fig. 38  HYPERLINK \l "detainees"Detainees 1980-2014 Fig. 39  HYPERLINK \l "laborbud"Labor Department Budget FY16  FY18 Fig. 40  HYPERLINK \l "defensebu"Defense Department Budget 2.5% Growth FY 16  FY18 Fig. 41  HYPERLINK \l "militaryend"US Military End Strength FY16  FY18 Fig. 42  HYPERLINK \l "nasabu"National Aeronautic and Space Administration Budget FY15  FY18 Fig. 43  HYPERLINK \l "nsfbu"National Science Foundation Budget FY16  FY18 Fig. 44  HYPERLINK \l "opmbu"Office of Personnel Management Budget FY15- FY18 Fig. 45  HYPERLINK \l "stateout"State Outlays, Revenues and Congressional Budget Authority FY15 - FY18 Fig. 46  HYPERLINK \l "stated "State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Budget Detail FY15  FY18 Fig. 47  HYPERLINK \l "trans "Transportation Department Budget FY15  FY 18 Fig. 48  HYPERLINK \l "fedearlhighway"Federal Highway User Taxes Fig. 49  HYPERLINK \l "treasuryout"Treasury Outlays FY 15- FY18 Fig. 50  HYPERLINK \l "mandatory"Mandatory Funding Levels FY15  FY18 Fig. 51  HYPERLINK \l "discretion"Discretionary Appropriations FY15  FY18 Fig. 52  HYPERLINK \l "alchol"Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Rates Fig. 53  HYPERLINK \l "irsfte"IRS Appropriations and FTEs FY 15  FY18 Fig. 54  HYPERLINK \l "vabu"Veterans Affairs Budget FY15  FY18 Fig. 55  HYPERLINK \l "uor"Undistributed Offsetting Receipts FY16  FY18 Fig. 56  HYPERLINK \l "toa "Total Outlays by Agency FY16  FY18 Fig. 57  HYPERLINK \l "freed "Federal Revenues 2000-2020 Fig. 58  HYPERLINK \l "taxrate"Tax Rates by Income 1979 & 2000 Fig. 59  HYPERLINK \l "surplusordeficit"Surplus or Deficit FY16  FY18 Fig. 60  HYPERLINK \l "nonagency"Non-agencies FY62  FY18 Fig. 61  HYPERLINK \l "ps "Postal Service Budget Request FY17  FY18 Fig. 62  HYPERLINK \l "gdp "Gross Federal Debt, Debt Held by Public, % of GDP FY00-FY19 Fig. 63  HYPERLINK \l "gnif"Gross Domestic Product 2010-2019 Fig. 64  HYPERLINK \l "ficfifteen"FICA <15.0% Tax Rate and Revenues FY 18  FY 20 Fig. 65  HYPERLINK \l "ssabudg"Social Security Administration Budget Request Calendar Years 2016-2018 Fig. 66  HYPERLINK \l "dioasissi"12.4% DI, OASI and/or SSI Tax Distribution Estimates 2019  2022 Fig. 67  HYPERLINK \l "taxsettlement"OASDI Tax Rate Settlement 2009-2015 Fig. 68  HYPERLINK \l "benefi"Social Security Beneficiaries in Current-Payment Status 2010-2018  Fig. 69  HYPERLINK \l "budrequest"Budget Request of SSI and OASDI Trust Funds 2018-2020 Fig. 70  HYPERLINK \l "commissioners"Commissioners of Social Security 1946-present Fig. 71  HYPERLINK \l "combined"Combined OASDI Trust Funds Untaxed 2000-2022 Fig. 72  HYPERLINK \l "oasit"Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund 2000-2023 Fig. 73  HYPERLINK \l "oasiben"OASI Beneficiaries with Benefits in Current-Payment Status 1945-2020 Fig. 74  HYPERLINK \l "deathrate"Death Rate Per 100,000, by Age 1940-2020 Fig. 75  HYPERLINK \l "did"Disability Insurance Damage Estimates 2000-2022 Fig. 76  HYPERLINK \l "diagnosisis"Number and Average Benefit of DI Beneficiaries by Diagnosis Dec. 2009 Fig. 77  HYPERLINK \l "dib"DI Beneficiaries with Benefits in Current-Payment Status 1960-2020 Fig. 78  HYPERLINK \l "ssicolara"SSI COLA, Rates, Beneficiaries, Payments, Administrative Costs 1974-2017 Fig. 79  HYPERLINK \l "fedssi"Federally Administered SSI Population 1974-2020 Fig. 80  HYPERLINK \l "ssirecipients"SSI Recipients with Federal Payments in Current-Payment Status 1974-2020 Fig. 81  HYPERLINK \l "ssitrustfund"SSI Trust Fund Creation FY 18  FY 22 Fig. 82  HYPERLINK \l "pover"2017 Poverty Guidelines for the 48 Continuous States and D.C. Fig. 83  HYPERLINK \l "tanfbud"TANF Budget Review FY 15 - FY 18 Fig. 84  HYPERLINK \l "tanfed"TANF Federal Budget Request FY 15- FY 18 Fig. 85  HYPERLINK \l "tanfcalc"Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Calculation 1980  2013 Fig. 86  HYPERLINK \l "fedandstate"Federal and State TANF and MOE FY 15 Fig. 87  HYPERLINK \l "tanfmonth"TANF Monthly Average Number of Families 1988-2013 Fig. 88  HYPERLINK \l "statesraise"States Raising TANF Benefits in 2016 (monthly benefit for family of three) Fig. 89  HYPERLINK \l "stateben"Monthly Benefit State by State 2012 Fig. 90  HYPERLINK \l "fedpoverty"100% of the Federal Poverty Level Guidelines 2016 Fig. 91  HYPERLINK \l "fedchild"Federal Child Support Cases 2011-2015 Fig. 92  HYPERLINK \l "laboruc" Labor Dept. Unemployment Compensation Budget Request FY16  FY18 Fig. 93  HYPERLINK \l "wageun"Wage and Unemployment Data 2017 Fig. 94  HYPERLINK \l "unclaim"Unemployment Claims First Quarter 2017 Fig. 95  HYPERLINK \l "unop"Unemployment Compensation Trust Funds, State by State Operation 2017 Fig. 96  HYPERLINK \l "unbenefit"Unemployment Benefits First Quarter 2017 Fig. 97  HYPERLINK \l "cmsoutlays"CMS Total Federal Outlays 2014-2020 Fig. 98  HYPERLINK \l "cmscba"CMS Congressional Budget Authority FY 16  FY 18 Fig. 99  HYPERLINK \l "cmsann"CMS Annually Appropriated Accounts FY12  FY17 Fig. 100  HYPERLINK \l "operationsa"Operations of Medicare Part A Hospital Insurance Trust Fund 2014-2020 Fig. 101  HYPERLINK \l "operationsb"Operations of Part B Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund 2014-2020 Fig. 102  HYPERLINK \l "premiu"Medicare Part B Premium Inflation 1967-2020 Fig. 103  HYPERLINK \l "operationsd"Operations of Medicare Part D Drug Plan Trust Fund 2014-2020 Fig. 104  HYPERLINK \l "premiud"Part D Premiums 2006-2019 Fig. 105  HYPERLINK \l "medicaidoutlays"Medicaid Outlays, State, Federal and Total FY 13  FY 20 Fig. 106  HYPERLINK \l "chip"Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Budget Overview FY 16 - FY 18 Fig. 107  HYPERLINK \l "ssbg"Social Services Block Grant FY 15  FY 18  HYPERLINK \l "bib"Bibliography Part I Fiscal Year 2018 71 Federal Ledger A. Chapter 3 National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, defends the homeland in Title 24 US Code Subchapter V Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve under 24USC151-154. The budget process of the federal government, the system of checks and balances, is led by the President who is responsible for presenting a balanced budget for the State of the Union address under Art. 2 Section 3 of the US Constitution. Art. 1 Section 7 and Art. 1 Section 9 Clause 7 states, No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. The President must submit his/her budget to Congress after the first week of January and before the first week of February every year under 31USC1105. Supplemental or additional budgeting changes and re-appraisements are submitted to Congress before July 16th of every year for the following fiscal year that begins on October 1 under 31USC1106. Concealment of the Excel Historical Tables spreadsheet by the White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB) was redressed by publication of the Historical Table by Fiscal Year in pdf. The goal of a balanced budget was achieved by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-33) that was improved in the Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999, but did not survive 9-11. This re-appraisement of Agency FY 18 budgets under Annualized Continuing Resolution for Fiscal Year 2017 (CR17) produces a budget surplus FY 18. The surplus cannot be attributed to any cruel and unusual budget cuts of civilian officials to levy war, unlikely to prevail in any Departments but Labor and Commerce, health insurance overestimates distorting totals are un-abolished, the FY 18 budget surplus is the product of accurate accounting of the supporting documentation of the agency outlay ledger by HA rather than HHS and WHOMB it may concern. 1. The federal ledger can be replicated by anyone with due diligence of the budget requests of Cabinet departments under Art. 2(2) of the US Constitution. This FY 16  FY 18 budget request provides undistributed offsetting receipts to offset spending and produce a budget surplus FY 18, that can be sustained with or without taxing the rich to end poverty by 2020. There are five rows in the Outlay by Agency table that need to be deleted from Table 4.1 of the Historical Tables of the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) because they actually represent zero outlays. They are either not instrumental to calculating total on-budget outlays or they are accounted for by a Cabinet agency under 31USC101 - (a) Allowances, (b) Other Defense - Civil Programs, (c) Other Independent Agencies on-budget and off-budget can be deleted because although the interagency transfers may exist as congressional budget authority they do not constitute federal outlays. (d) Small Business Administration (SBA) row does does not equate with the lending agency budget request and should be accounted for by the Commerce Department budget request. (e) Change the name of Social Security on-budget to Human Services and adopting the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Administration on Community Living and Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) FY 18 ensure adequate child and family social security benefit growth with a Cabinet Level Human Services Secretary and keep closer tabs on federal health spending under Art. 2(2) of the Constitution. Deleting the first three rows (a-c) result in an estimated $2 trillion - $1,950,164 million in debt relief. Treasury negotiations might reduce the interest payments on debt to 86.5% of its current value of $506 billion to $478 billion FY18. Then with a budget surplus pay only the 3.4% average interest rate on t-bonds $494 billion FY19. This Federal outlay by agency ledger compares the FY 18 Presidential budget request with CR 17 compliant untaxed and taxed settlements with the same tax deduction. The President of the law of the land was right in regards to Customs (fires his greedy General twice), Interior (hired to subtract revenues from congressional budget authority to determine outlays plus $3 billion undistributed offsetting receipts at normal 2.5% growth from FY 17 with the President's 2.5% growth sustainable figure) and Agriculture budgets (the congressional budget authority of two lending programs unlawfully add to the outlay table totals and must be deleted). Next trillion dollar federal health outlay limit crunch FY 2020. Government Outlays by Agency Ledger FY 16  FY 18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY18 Pres. FY 18 UntaxedFY 18 TaxedOn-budget outlays2,824,0112,874,7672,970,5832,926,5382,864,658On-budget receipts2,538,0002,817,0003,035,0003,035,0003,035,000On-budget surplus or deficit-286,011-57,767+64,417+108,462+170,342Legislative Branch4,7004,6004,7004,7004,700Judicial Branch7,7007,0007,2007,2007,200Agriculture 138,248133,062140,035140,035140,035Commerce and Small Business Administration 10,20010,1008,2008,2009,500Corps of Engineers  Civil Works4,7004,6004,7004,7004,700Customs39,77540,95342,40042,40042,400Education68,00069,00062,88969,99469,994Energy29,10029,70027,30030,30030,300Environmental Protection Agency8,3008,2245,6568,4518,451Executive Office of the President750761755755755General Services Administration631249509509509Health 982,636985,1991,066,043965,523965,523Housing and Urban Development39,02438,24842,30042,30042,300Human Services59,10059,50065,800127,17665,296Interior13,40013,30011,70011,70011,700Justice28,09028,32827,70027,70027,700Labor46,50046,00044,20047,30047,300Military 580,000595,000639,000609,000609,000National Aeronautics and Space Administration19,30019,50019,10020,00020,000National Science Foundation7,4937,4496,6536,6536,653Office of Personnel Management49,20050,90052,10052,10052,100State and International Assistance54,71354,26840,17655,62455,624Transportation76,00078,90076,00076,00076,000Treasury535,451568,526532,901534,351534,351Veterans Affairs166,100171,600183,200183,200183,200Undistributed Offsetting Receipts-145,100-150,200-140,634-149,333-149,333On-budget Outlays2,824,0112,874,7672,970,5832,926,5382,865,958On-budget Receipts2,538,0002,817,0003,035,0003,035,0003,035,000On-budget Surplus or Deficit-286,011-57,767+64,417+108,462+169,042Social Security Administration Off-budget Outlays929,000966,0001,033,0001,033,0001,237,000Off-budget Receipts945,000997,0001,055,001,055,0001,371,500Off-budget Surplus or Deficit+16,000+31,000+22,000+22,000+134,500Total Outlays3,753,0113,840,7674,003,5833,959,5384,102,958Total Revenues3,483,0003,814,0004,090,0004,090,0004,406,500Total Surplus or Deficit-270,011-26,767+86,417+130,462+303,542Gross Federal Debt19,433,00020,149,00018,062,58319,018,53817,844,158Gross Domestic Product18,472,00019,303,00020,130,00020,130,00020,130,000Debt as % of GDP105.2%104.4%89.7%89.5%84.9%Source: White House Office of Management and Budget Historical Tables FY 17, Congressional Budget Justifications FY 18, 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund. July, 2017. 2. This budget surplus is believe to be the more accurate than the Social Security Amendments of January 1, 2017; White House Office of Management and Budget FY 2018 and 2017 Second Annual Summer Solstice Instructions to the Board of Trustees of the Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance Trust Funds and Supplemental Security Income Program HA-1-1-17 . The White House had to be sued by the Secretary of the United Nations to publish pdf. copies of the Historical Tables under Art. 36 (2, 4) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice Brief on the Budget Declaration of the United States of America to the Secretary-General of the United Nations HA-18-3-17. Neither the President as law of the land, nor his appointed OMB Director, have produced a credible federal budget total, just a broken Mac computer with publishable OMB Excel sheets the first attempt and a $36 million arson conviction the second. The vacated judgment is that due to disease or injury, both current OMB Budget Director and White House Chief of Staff as of August 2017 are unable to render useful and efficient service in the employee s position, and like White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) are not qualified for reassignment, and therefore entitled to disability retirement under 5USC8337. No 12.4% OASDISSI social security tax on the rich to end poverty by 2020, no Social Security Trustee candidate for maximum benefits for life. 3. Congress must prioritize healthy growth and it is advised that the name of the Social Security on-budget row be changed to Human Services (HS) and adopt the total outlays of the Agency for Children and Families (ACF) FY 17, Administration for Community Living (ACL) FY 18 and Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) FY 18 in a Cabinet-level Department appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate under Art. 2(2) of the US Constitution. Health and human services must be separated FY 18 to keep federal health spending limited to less than $1 trillion for the time being. The federal government must stop robbing the children to pay for neoplastic health hyper-inflation. The United States must begin to redress 22-33% child poverty rate with 8% Temporary Assistance for Needy Family (TANF) child and family benefit growth FY 17, 4% every year thereafter. To end child poverty it is necessary to tax the rich the 12.4% Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) taxes on all their income to pay every poor child an SSI benefit 2018 and end poverty by 2020. To help federal health spending get under the $1 trillion limbo bar, it is advised that WHOMB make certain changes the outlay by agency ledger to recognize the graduation of HS. First, change the historical name of Social Security on-budget spending, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, to Human Services (HS). Second, make accurate notation of annual reports of total SSI outlays (benefits + administration) in the historical HS row or decide to use the existing numbers to postpone the duty to re-total historical outlays, surplus or deficit and debt. Third, graduate HS FY 18 so that it adds to or replaces Social Security on-budget FY 18 whereas SSI is going off-budget if the rich are taxed or HS is combined with SSI in the on-budget HS outlay row. B. The President's FY 18 budget proposed to reduce the number of IRS volunteers -7.5% from 77,700 CY 17 to 71,910 FY 18 while reducing spending -2.5% from $12.2 billion FY 17 to $11.9 billion FY 18. However, whereas Treasury spending has subsequently been reduced by 6.4% by agreeing to abolish refundable premium cost-sharing reduction FY 18, and is under control, there is no denying that IRS and Treasury agencies are due 2.5% growth over CY17 to $14.2 billion FY 18, excepting penalties for tampering with witness, victims and informants under 18USC1512. The Community Development Financial Institutions FY 17 budget grows 2.5%. The cuts against enforcement, ATTB, cybersecurity (encryption), and Bureau of Fiscal Service stand; responsible for the abolition of Student Loan Collection (attorney general killed again) and Offset (theft and bribery of government funds under 18USC666). Benjamin Franklin, the nation's first postmaster general said,  nothing is certain but death and taxes . The President's FY 18 budget proposed to reduce the number of IRS volunteers -7.5% from 77,700 CY 17 to 71,910 FY 18 while reducing spending -2.5% from $12.2 billion FY 17 to $11.9 billion FY 18. However, whereas Treasury spending has subsequently been reduced by 6.4% by agreeing to abolish refundable premium cost-sharing reduction FY 18, and is under control, there is no denying that IRS and Treasury agencies are due 2.5% growth over CY17 to $14.2 billion FY 18, excepting penalties for tampering with witness, victims and informants under 18USC1512. 1. The Community Development Financial Institutions FY 17 budget grows 2.5%. The cuts against enforcement, ATTB, cybersecurity (encryption), and Bureau of Fiscal Service stand; responsible for the abolition of Student Loan Collection (attorney general murder 18USC1111) and Offset (theft and bribery of government funds under 18USC666). Benjamin Franklin, the nation's first postmaster general said,  nothing is certain but death and taxes . Sec. Mnuchin must keep his Maltov Cocktails out of Chapter 7 A Private and Commercial Cemeteries 24USC298, repealed Halloween 1951. Congress may choose to vote to tax explosives and energy exports. Congress must tax the rich, to create an SSI Trust Fund to administrate the 30% increase in OASDI revenues that would be generated by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base, tax haven in Section 230 of the Social Security Act under 42USC430. The United Nations (UN) needs IRS tax forms to accept voluntary 1-2% of income suggested contributions quarterly and April 15. C. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been subjected to due diligence and this budget no longer conflicts with USDA or the Veteran's Administration (VA) growth. The FY 18 USDA budget makes changes to FY 16 and FY 17 spending to explain much lower outlay totals, $138 billion FY 16, $133 billion FY 17 and $140 billion FY 18, than previously given $153 billion FY 16 to $152 billion FY 17. Reason being the wild inflation in Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and off-budget lending of the Rural Business Cooperative, financed with electricity fees, must be deleted from the outlay table, to begin to count the historical undistributed offsetting receipts since FY 15. The public is highly dissatisfied with SNAP welfare benefit growth that should be 3% annually = % increase in benefit amount + % increase in beneficiaries. The United States Forest Service was convicted of committing arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC81. The Forest Service burnt their National Forests intentionally by conventional means of kerosene, most of the burned acreage was however caused by iron dust instead of silver iodide cloud seeding missiles to cause lightning, the most frequent cause of large forest fires that get quite large because they are inaccessible to fire fighters. 1. The customary resolution of forest fires is a $36 million fine per square mile (640 acres) under Fire 36CFR261.5. Due process shall be given to abolishing the Forest Service for their involvement in the 2017 fire season and investing the entire $5.3 billion FY 18 budget in Trump Trails. This one-time donation of land and $5.3 billion of money to the National Parks would be dedicated entirely to improving the hourly wage, benefits, fire safety, cartography and logistical support of  county park supervised Trump Trails workers. The Secretary of the Interior Department (ID) or National Park Foundation shall receive the donations of National Forest land and Forest Service money and property surrendered to country park supervision under 54USC101101-101120. Trump Trails will cross-connect the nation's parks, coast to coast, and decommission logging and other roads to improve maps, land value, fire safety, pedestrian accessibility, recreation, swimming, drinking water, beneficial and edible plants, endangered species and wildlife habitat by limiting economic cooperation in forested, mountainous and otherwise deserted roadless areas, exclusively to cartographic and logistical support of the National Trail System Act of 1968 under 16USC1246(h)(1). The end of the law is that, any person or instrumentality who destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any parkland is liable to the United States for response costs and damages resulting from the destruction, loss, or injury under 54USC100722. D. The Treasury has chosen to abolish the refundable premium and cost sharing reduction subsidy FY 18. The Secretary of Health and Human Services must begin to experimentally reduce Medicare Part A HI tax revenues received by the HI Trust Fund from the 2.9% payroll tax rate to 2.6% payroll tax received, and continue to reduce federal outlays for Parts B and D to 3% annual growth from FY 14 beginning FY 18 when a zero growth policy would take over and try to keep federal health outlays under the $1 trillion limbo bar until national health expenditures (NHE) are less than 10% of GDP. FY 14 is the last year the accounting in the HHS budget was believed. There were some Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) spending reductions in the 2017 Annual Report, that must be sustain a zero growth policy until NHE is <10% of GDP. To reduce HI spending, HI Trust Fund payroll tax rate needs to be cut an estimated 0.3% to 2.6% FY 18. Federal outlays for the HI Trust Fund would continue to go down to 2.5% FY 19 and 2.3% FY20 for the nice round figure of $250 billion federal health outlays to hospitals for zero growth until (NHE) is <10% of GDP. Because there is interest and other income total HI revenues and benefit outlays would begin to grow in 2020 or the year after the HI trust fund stabilizes at $250 billion in payroll tax revenues. Under the gradual reduction plan HI benefit spending would remain frozen at the 2017 rate of $290 billion until 2020 when zero growth in $250 billion federal outlays would result in net revenue increases and moderate growth could begin to be estimated significantly <3% annual growth when NHE is <10% of GDP. $250 billion HI payroll tax revenues FY 18 or $250 billion FY 2020? 6% annual growth in HI outlays has historically had a carcinogenic effect on the Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Funds, who also demand >5% annual growth of reluctant suppliers. These hyper-inflationary tendencies are defined as neoplastic. All three federally financed Medicare programs are being punished for 30 years of hyperinflation with negative, zero to very low growth until NHE is <10% of GDP. Part B outlays are frozen at $300 billion benefit spending and $200 billion general revenues. Part D interest must be estimated after record asset accumulation in 2016 and outlays are frozen at exactly $100 billion in benefits and a commensurately diminishing amount of general revenues from $71.9 billion FY 17 to $66.6 billion FY 20. 1. Congress is requested to make America money voting. (a) To tax the rich, including themselves, the 12.4% Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) tax on all their income to end poverty by 2020 and end child poverty in 2018 by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430 on October 1, 2017 to 'Create in the Treasury a Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund'. (b) The temporary 2.37% DI rate CY 2016-2018 expires January 1, 2018. The 1.8% DI tax rate starting January 1, 2019 has been preemptively codified in Sec. 201(b)(1)(T) of the Social Security Act under 42USC401(b)(1)(T), must be repealed and can be replaced for the next few years with either 2.1%, or 2.0% Disability Insurance (DI) tax if Old Age Survivor Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund accounts for the $240.4 billion in zero dollar damages plus 2.5% interest in asset accumulation, for damages incurred to the DI Trust Fund during calendar years 2009-2015 to replicate to the extent possible revenue that would have been received if the OASDI tax had been properly adjusted by Public Law 112-96. (c) The United States must stop robbing the disabled to justify drinking everyone's Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA). The US must guarantee beneficiaries a 3% Cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) except 2.7% CY18. Beginning with a 3% COLA CY 19 SSI maximum benefit will achieve precisely $777 a month and 3% COLA will be the rule of law every year thereafter. Low income by law social security beneficiaries must be enabled by the Iron Law of Wages to stay ahead of 2.7% average annual Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation in all years the trust fund ratio of the combined OASDI Trust Funds is greater than 20% without re-computation of benefits under Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act under 42USC415(i). (d) To amend the federal minimum wage from $7.25 an hour 2009-2017 to '$7.50 in 2018 and 3% more every year thereafter.' in the Fair Labor Standards Act federal minimum wage under 29USC206(a)(1)(D). 72 Legislative Branch A. The FY2017 legislative branch budget request of $4,659 million was submitted on February 9, 2016. OMB estimated legislative spending of $4,880 million. A freeze on the salaries of Representatives has been in place since 2010. The House- and Senate-proposed totals for legislative branch activities (including all House and Senate items) differ by $37.0 million, with the House proposing $4.436 billion for FY2017 and the Senate proposing $4.399 billion. Legislative branch funding peaked in FY2010, and the FY2016 enacted level of $4.363 billion (P.L. 114-113) remains below the FY2009 level of $4.501 billion. The FY2016 level represented an increase of $63 million (+1.5%) from the FY2015 level of $4.300 billion, and the FY2015 level represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from the FY2014 funding level of $4.259 billion. The FY2013 act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as  anomalies ), less across-the- board rescissions that applied to all appropriations in the act, and not including sequestration reductions implemented on March 1. The FY2012 level represented a decrease of $236.9 million (-5.2%) from the FY2011 level, which itself represented a $125.1 million decrease (-2.7%) from FY2010. One of the smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority. FY 15 was the only year in recent history when OMB and Congress agreed upon $4,300 million spending. Legislative Branch Appropriations FY05-FY23 (millions) FY 05FY 06FY 07FY 08FY 09Congress 3,6403,7933,8523,9704,501OMB3,9844,1014,2944,4084,704FY 10FY 11FY 12FY 13FY 14Congress4,6694,5434,3074,0614,259OMB5,8394,5824,4404,3164,164FY 15FY 16FY 17% Change 2016-17FY 18Congress 4,3004,3634,6592.7%4,774OMB4,3304,7284,8803.2%5,019Source: Brudnick, Ida. Legislative Branch: FY 2017 Appropriations. Congressional Research Service. Specialist on Congress. February 21, 2017. Donovan, Suan. Historical Tables of the White House Office of Management and Budget. FY 2017 1. The no pay raise vote, zero percent growth of spending on the House and 7.6% growth FY16-FY17 for the Senate is alarming. Senate spending growth must be limited to less than 2.5% FY17-FY18 or penalties will certainly apply. Capitol Police (9.3%), Office of Compliance (7.6%), Library of Congress (11.2%), Architect of the Capitol (13.2%) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) spending needs to be normalized at 2.5% annual growth. Despite zero raises for elected representatives total legislative spending is estimated to have increased 6.7% from $4.365 billion FY 16 to $4.658 billion FY 17. The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance; Congressional Budget Office (CBO); Architect of the Capitol (AOC); Library of Congress (LOC), including the Congressional Research Service (CRS); Government Publishing Office (GPO); Government Accountability Office (GAO); Open World Leadership Center; and the John C. Stennis Center. No category of legislative appropriations should grow faster than 2.5%. Legislative Branch Appropriations by Agency FY 16  FY 18 (millions) FY 16FY 17% Change FY 16- FY 17FY 18 2.5% growth Senate8709367.6%959House 1,1811,1870%1,217Joint Items21210%21Capitol Police3754109.3%420Office of Compliance44.37.5%4.4Congressional Budget Office46.547.62.4%48.8Architect of the Capitol61369413.2%711Library of Congress 60066711.2%684Government Publishing Office1171170%120Government Accountability Office 5315687.0%582Open World Leadership Center5.65.83.6%6.0Stennis Center for Public Service 0.4300.4300%0.430Total4,3654,6586.7%4,774Source: Brudnick, Ida. Legislative Branch: FY 2017 Appropriations. Congressional Research Service. Specialist on Congress. February 21, 2017; Table 5, pg. 27 B. Members of Congress are also provided with an annual allowance intended to defray expenses related carrying out their congressional duties, including "official office expenses, including staff, mail, travel between a Member's district or state and Washington, DC, and other goods and services." Many members of Congress retain their private careers and other business interests while they serve. Members are allowed to retain an amount of permissible "outside earned income" limited to no more than 15% of the annual rate of basic pay for level II of the Executive Schedule for federal employees, or $26,550 a year in 2013. However, there is currently no limit on the amount of non-salary income members can retain from their investments, corporate dividends or profits. House and Senate rules define what sources of "outside earned income" are permissible. For example, House Rule XXV (112th Congress) limits permissible outside income to "salaries, fees, and other amounts received or to be received as compensation for personal services actually rendered." Perhaps most importantly to voters and taxpayers, member of Congress are strictly prohibited from earning or accepting income that may appear to be intended to influence the way they vote on legislation. 1. As of 2009-present, the base salary for all rank-and-file members of the U.S. House and Senate is $174,000 per year, plus benefits. The maximum taxable limit for OASDI taxes is $118,500. Salaries have not been increased since 2009. Leaders of the House and Senate are paid a higher salary than rank-and-file members. Senate Leadership; Majority Party Leader - $193,400, Minority Party Leader - $193,400. House Leadership Speaker of the House - $223,500, Majority Leader - $193,400, Minority Leader - $193,400. Members of Congress are eligible to receive the same annual cost-of-living increase given to other federal employees, if any. The raise takes effect automatically on January 1 of each year unless Congress, through passage of a joint resolution, votes to decline it, as Congress has done since 2009. To be worthy of a raise it is obvious that Congress, must repeal the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430 and create a Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Trust Fund. 2. As it is for all other federal employees, congressional retirement is funded through taxes and the participants' contributions under the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986. Members of Congress under FERS contribute 1.3 percent of their salary into the FERS retirement plan and pay 6.2 percent of their salary in Social Security taxes. Members of Congress are not eligible for a pension until they reach the age of 50, but only if they've completed 20 years of service. Members are eligible at any age after completing 25 years of service or after they reach the age of 62. Please also note that Members of Congress have to serve at least 5 years to even receive a pension. The amount of a congressperson's pension depends on the years of service and the average of the highest 3 years of his or her salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member's retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary. Average annual pension was $35,952 in 2006. C. The Library of Congress is the nation's oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress. It is also the largest library in the world, with millions of books, recordings, photographs, maps and manuscripts in its collections. The Joint Committee on the Library (the oldest continuing Joint Committee of the U.S. Congress) was created on April 24, 1800, when President John Adams signed the bill establishing the federal government in Washington and creating the Library of Congress. The act appropriated $5,000 for "the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress" after it moved to the new capital city of Washington. The Library's appropriation for fiscal year 1811 officially made the Joint Committee on the Library a standing committee. The original library was housed in the new Capitol until August 1814, when invading British troops set fire to the Capitol Building, burning and pillaging the contents of the small library. In January 1815, Congress accepted Jefferson's offer, appropriating $23,950 for his 6,487 books, and the foundation was laid for a great national library. In 1886, after many proposals and much controversy, Congress authorized construction of a new Library building in the style of the Italian Renaissance. From the 95th Congress forward, the Joint Committee on the Library has been composed of the chairman (or designee) and four members each from the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration and the Committee on House Administration. The chairmanship and vice chairmanship alternate between the House and Senate every Congress. The vast majority of public libraries are organized by the County. University libraries are magnificent. 1. The United States Government is the largest publisher in the world. It distributes materials in a variety of formats, including electronic, CD, microfiche, and paper. As part of its publishing program, the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO) through the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) distributes certain classes of Government documents free of cost to designated libraries throughout the United States and its territories. These libraries are known as Federal depository libraries and are usually in college libraries. Federal depository libraries must offer free, public access to their Federal collections, even if the depository library is part of a private academic institution. In addition, information specialists are available at these libraries to assist the American public to locate Federal information. General Definitions of the Office of Museum and Library Services at 20USC9101(1) inappropriately touching on pornography and blocking ahoy.one from college and public library wifi, must be replaced with (1) No stalking in the library 18USC2261A. Electoral and Popular Split Ticket Vote 1972  2008 YearPresidential CandidatePolitical Party ElectoralPopular VoteCongressSplit VAP2016Donald TrumpRepublican30462,984,825Hillary ClintonDemocratic 22765,853,516Gary JohnsonLibertarian4,489,221115th House187 D, 246 R54.7%Jill SteinGreen1,457,216115th Senate44 D, 54 R, 2 I(2016)2012Barack ObamaDemocratic 33265,915,795114th House201 D, 234 R33.2%Mitt RomneyRepublican20660,933,504114th Senate 44 D, 54 R, 2 I(2014Gary Johnson Libertarian1,275,971113th House200 D, 234 R,53.6%Jill SteinGreen469,627113th Senate53 D, 45 R, 2 I(2012)2008Barack ObamaDemocratic36566,882,230112th House 193 D, 242 R37.8%John McCainRepublican17358,343,671112th Senate51 D, 47 R, 2 D(2010)Ralph NaderIndependent739,000111th House258 D, 178 R56.8%Bob BarrLibertarian515,000111th Senate58 D, 40 R, 2 I(2008)2004George W. BushRepublican28662,028,285110th House234 D, 201 R37.1%John F. KerryDemocratic25159,028,109110th Senate49 D, 49 R, 2 I(2006)Ralph NaderIndependent156,000109th House202 D, 232 R, 1 I55.3%Michael BadnarikLibertarian369,000109th Senate44 D, 55 R, 1 I(2004)2000George W. BushRepublican27150,456,002108th House205 D, 229 R, 1 I37.0%Al GoreDemocratic26650,999,897108th Senate48 D, 51 R, 1 I(2002)Ralph NaderGreen2,882,955107th House212 D, 221 R, 2 151.3%Pat BuchananReform324,000107th Senate50 D, 50 R(2000)1996William J. ClintonDemocratic37947,402,357106th House211 D, 223 R, 1 S38.8%Robert J. DoleRepublican15939,198,755106th Senate45 D, 55 R(1998)H. Ross PerotReform7,137,000105th House207 D, 221 R, 1 S49.1%Ralph NaderGreen527,000105th Senate45 D, 55 R(1996)1992William J. ClintonDemocratic37044,909,889104th House204 D, 230 R, 1 I38.8%George H. BushRepublican16839,104,545104th Senate47 D, 53 R(1994)H. Ross PerotIndependent19,742,267103rd House258 D, 176 R, 1 I55.1%Andre MarrouLibertarian281,000103rd Senate57 D, 43 R(1992)1988George H. BushRepublican42648,886,097102nd House267 D, 167 R, 1 I36.5%Michael DukakisDemocratic11141,809,074102nd Senate56 D, 44 R(1990)Ron PaulLibertarian410,000101st House259 D, 174 R50.1%Lenora B. FulaniNew Alliance129,000101st Senate55 D, 45 R(1988)1984Ronald ReaganRepublican52554,455,075100th House258 D, 157 R36.4%Walter F. MondaleDemocratic1337,577,185100th Senate55 D, 45 R(1986)David BerglandLibertarian 227,00099th House252 D, 182 R53.1%Lyndon H. LaRoucheIndependent79,00099th Senate47 D, 53 R(1984)1980Ronald ReaganRepublican48943,899,24898th House267 D, 168 R39.8%Jimmy CarterDemocratic4936,481,43598th Senate45 D, 55 R(1982)John B. AndersonIndependent5,719,43797th House243 D, 192 R52.6%Ed Clark Libertarian920,00097th Senate46 D, 53 R, 1 I(1980)1976Jimmy CarterDemocratic29740,830,76396th House273 D, 159 R37.2%Gerald R. FordRepublican24039,147,97396th Senate58 D, 41 R, 1 I(1978)Eugene J. McCarthyIndependent756,63195th House292 D, 143 R53.6%Roger McBrideLibertarian172,00095th Senate61 D, 38 R, 1 I(1976)1972Richard M. NixonRepublican52047,169,91194th House291 D, 144 R38.2%George McGovernDemocratic17290,170,38394th Senate60 D, 37 R, 2 I(1974)John G. SchmitzAmerican1,099,48293rd House239 D, 192 R55.2%Benjamin SpockPeople s9,00093rd Senate56 D, 42 R, 2 I(1972)Source: Maisel, L. Sandy; Buckley, Kara Z. Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process. Fourth Edition. Lanham Maryland. Roman & Littlefield Publishers. 2005; Wikipedia D. The modern two party system evolved in six distinct party systems in American political history, Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican, Jacksonian Democrats, Progressive Republican Era, Republican Populist, New Deal Democrats and the modern age of split ticket voting whereupon  informed voters divide their vote so that the President s party does not also hold a majority in Congress. The sixth party system arose after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the voting rights of blacks by outlawing literacy tests and other methods of keeping blacks from voting. These events accelerated a redefinition of voting allegiances among Southern voters. Black voters registered and turned out to vote in numbers never before seen. White voters began to look for conservative Republican alternatives. The Democratic Party was further split by the war in Vietnam in general the upper class and academics opposed the war while the working class supported it. By 1996 the Republican party was flourishing in the South, after the 1996 election eight of the eleven Southern governors were Republican, eight of the ten senators up for reelection from the South in that year were also Republicans, and all were reelected, and of the 125 Southerners elected to the House in that election, 71 were Republicans. Republican strength in state legislatures throughout the South reached new highs. 1. The sixth party system is different from the New Deal in the rise of candidate centered and candidate run elections. Since the mid-1960s members of congress began winning their reelection races by larger margins from 1 to 2 percent before 1964, to 5 percent after 1964 and by the mid-1970s by 8 to 9 percent. Today, incumbents maintain an electoral advantage as much as 96 to 98 percent over their challengers. Over the last 50 years no party has succeeded in dominating at the polls or commanding the realm of ideas. This parity and lack of a dominant party has invited a series of bold efforts by the Democrats and Republicans to become the leading party of the era, but each fell short. In the modern age of split ticket voting informed voters divide their vote so that the President s party does not also hold a majority in Congress. A primary characteristic of the modern electoral era is split ticket voting and divided government, as opposed to unified party control of the government, when one party dominates the Senate, the House and the White House are unable to make law due to the un-impeached treason, bribery, high crimes and misdemeanors. 2. Since the 1950s more and more voters split their tickets voting Democratic for Congress and Republican for president, or vice versa. Although only four elections from the turn of the century to the election of Eisenhower resulted in the two major parties sharing control of government institutions, divided government has dominated the second half of the twentieth century, its normalcy ushering in a new paradigm for understanding American government. From 1900-1952 only four elections resulted in split party control of the government, but since 1952 sixteen elections have brought divided government to power, and only nine have resulted in unified control. In the 50 years between 1952 and 2003, the same party has controlled the presidency and both houses of Congress for only eighteen years. One explanation for divided government is that it is not a random pattern but a willful one in which citizens choose not to have all branches of the government under the control of just one party preferring a system where the parties check and balance each other. Nearly two-thirds of U.S. cities with a population of over five thousand hold nonpartisan elections to determine who will hold local offices. Advocates of nonpartisan local government feel that running a local government should be more like administering a business than playing partisan politics. Frequently they cited the corruption and the inefficiency of partisan politics as,  There is no Democratic or Republican way to clean a street . Congress has not yet invented litter. 3. The modern Democratic-Republican (DR) two party system age of split ticket voting whereupon  informed voters divide their vote so that the President s party does not also hold a majority in Congress. The significance of not having a split ticket seems to take its toll on informed voters. After restoring the Historical Tables but not the current Excel Tables, the prime example of this information shortfall is that the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 HR 244 is not available online. Without a split ticket, or a popular Presidential Cabinet, the burden of proof lies with the court of law and the professional witnesses who discern the truth. In equity Puerto Rico may volunteer to join the end of the laws uniting the 114th Congress under 54USC100101 et seq. Accept no defective products, the Department of Labor must pay up to 3% annual spending growth for the unemployment compensation (UC) program to afford to pay women who go into  labor for 14 weeks Maternity Protection under ILO Convention 183 (2000). The US must begin to reverse the alarming increase in child poverty from 15.4% in 1996 to 22-33% today. For the 115th Congress to make law, without a split ticket, the only opportunity is for the United States to buy this FY 18 budget surplus and 7th Hospitals & Asylums (HA) stage of DR two party system parliamentary development with a unanimous roll-call vote to tax the rich to end-poverty by 2020 and give all 22-33 children growing up in poverty a full SSI benefit in 2018. E. Vote to end poverty by 2020. Several balanced budget Amendments have been proposed however no one proposed Amendment has been agreed to. Four follow, 1. The text of the version presented to the Senate and to the House of Representatives which (after revision) was approved by the Senate (by a vote of 69 to 31) on 4 August 1982 but supported by an inadequate majority of the House of Representatives (with a vote of 236 to 187) on 1 October 1982: Section 1. Prior to each fiscal year, the Congress shall adopt a statement of receipts and outlays for that year in which total outlays are no greater than total receipts. The Congress may amend such statement provided revised outlays are not greater than revised receipts. Whenever three-fifths of the whole number of both Houses shall deem it necessary, Congress in such statement may provide for a specific excess of outlays over receipts by a vote directly to that subject. The Congress and the President shall ensure that actual outlays do not exceed the outlays set forth in such statement. Section 2. Total receipts for any fiscal year set forth in the statement adopted pursuant to this article shall not increase by a rate greater than the rate of increase in national income in the last calendar year ending before such fiscal year, unless a majority of the whole number of both Houses of Congress shall have passed a bill directed solely to approving specific additional receipts and such bill has become law. Section 3. The Congress may waive the provisions of this article for any fiscal year in which a declaration of war is in effect. Section 4. The Congress may not require that the states engage in additional activities without compensation equal to the additional costs. Section 5. Total receipts shall include all receipts of the United States except those derived from borrowing and total outlays shall include all outlays of the United States except those for repayment of debt principal. Section 6. This article shall take effect for the second fiscal year beginning after its ratification. 2. Here is a version introduced into the House of Representatives with 160 sponsors on 7 January 1997: Section 1. Total outlays for any fiscal year shall not exceed total receipts for that fiscal year, unless three-fifths of the whole number of each House of Congress shall provide by law for a specific excess of outlays over receipts by a rollcall vote. Section 2. The limit on the debt of the United States held by the public shall not be increased, unless three-fifths of the whole number of each House shall provide by law for such an increase by a rollcall vote. Section 3. Prior to each fiscal year, the President shall transmit to the Congress a proposed budget for the United States Government for that fiscal year in which total outlays do not exceed total receipts. Section 4. No bill to increase revenue shall become law unless approved by a majority of the whole number of each House by a rollcall vote. Section 5. The Congress may waive the provisions of this article for any fiscal year in which a declaration of war is in effect. The provisions of this article may be waived for any fiscal year in which the United States is engaged in military conflict which causes an imminent and serious military threat to national security and is so declared by a joint resolution, adopted by a majority of the whole number of each House, which becomes law. Section 6. The Congress shall enforce and implement this article by appropriate legislation, which may rely on estimates of outlays and receipts. Section 7. Total receipts shall include all receipts of the United States Government except those derived from borrowing. Total outlays shall include all outlays of the United States Government except for those for repayment of debt principal. The receipts (including attributable interest) and outlays of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds (as and if modified to preserve the solvency of the Funds) used to provide old age, survivors, and disabilities benefits shall not be counted as receipts or outlays for purposes of this article. Section 8. This article shall take effect beginning with fiscal year 2002 or with the second fiscal year beginning after its ratification, whichever is later. 3. On 17 February 2005, a similar measure to that of 7 January 1997 was introduced with 24 sponsors, differing in these sections: Section 6. The Congress shall enforce and implement this article by appropriate legislation, which may rely on estimates of outlays and receipts. The appropriate committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate shall report to their respective Houses implementing legislation to achieve a balanced budget without increasing the receipts or reducing the disbursements of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund to achieve that goal. Section 7. Total receipts shall include all receipts of the United States Government except those derived from borrowing. Total outlays shall include all outlays of the United States Government except for those for repayment of debt principal. Section 8. This article shall take effect beginning with the later of the second fiscal year beginning after its ratification or the first fiscal year beginning after December 31, 2009. a. And on 13 July 2005, with 123 sponsors, a version whose first five sections were as those of the previous two above, but which continued thus: Section 6. The Congress shall enforce and implement this article by appropriate legislation, which may rely on estimates of outlays and receipts. Section 7. Total receipts shall include all receipts of the United States Government except those derived from borrowing. Total outlays shall include all outlays of the United States Government except for those for repayment of debt principal. Section 8. This article shall take effect beginning with the later of the second fiscal year beginning after its ratification or the first fiscal year beginning after December 31, 2010. 4. Congressman Goodlatte introduced a balanced budget amendment in the 112th Congress that provides: Section 1. Total outlays for any fiscal year shall not exceed total receipts for that fiscal year, unless three-fifths of the whole number of each House of Congress shall provide by law for a specific excess of outlays over receipts by a rollcall vote. Section 2. The limit on the debt of the United States held by the public shall not be increased, unless three-fifths of the whole number of each House shall provide by law for such an increase by a roll-call vote. Section 3. Prior to each fiscal year, the President shall transmit to the Congress a proposed budget for the United States Government for that fiscal year in which total outlays do not exceed total receipts. Section 4. No bill to increase revenue shall become law unless approved by a majority of the whole number of each House by a rollcall vote. Section 5. The Congress may waive the provisions of this article for any fiscal year in which a declaration of war is in effect. The provisions of this article may be waived for any fiscal year in which the United States is engaged in military conflict which causes an imminent and serious military threat to national security and is so declared by a joint resolution, adopted by a majority of the whole number of each House, which becomes law. Section 6. The Congress shall enforce and implement this article by appropriate legislation, which may rely on estimates of outlays and receipts. Section 7. Total receipts shall include all receipts of the United States Government except those derived from borrowing. Total outlays shall include all outlays of the United States Government except for those for repayment of debt principal. Section 8. This article shall take effect beginning with the later of the second fiscal year beginning after its ratification or the first fiscal year beginning after December 31, 2016. E. Vote to tax the rich the 12.4% OASDI tax on all their income to end poverty by 2020, balance the FY 18 surplus and end child poverty in 2018 by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430. 73 Judicial Branch A. The federal Judiciary transmitted its fiscal year 2017 budget request to Congress, seeking $7.0 billion in discretionary appropriations, a 3.2 percent increase above fiscal year 2016 funding. Of that, $5.1 billion is for courts salaries and expenses, which fund the operating expenses of the regional circuit courts of appeals, district and bankruptcy courts, and probation and pretrial services offices. The Judiciary s request also includes $1.1 billion for the defender services program, which provides court-appointed attorneys for criminal defendants who cannot afford counsel, $565.4 million for security costs at federal court facilities, and $43.7 million to pay juror fees. At the beginning of fiscal year 2016, probation offices nationwide received the largest increase in caseload in the system s 90-year history due to sentencing reductions for offenders of certain drug offenses. An increase of $6.7 million in fiscal year 2017 will ensure a sufficient number of probation officers are available to properly supervise these offenders in the community. A $6 an hour above inflation rate increase from $131 to $137 is requested in fiscal year 2017 for Criminal Justice Act (CJA) attorneys in non-capital cases. A requested increase in the daily juror attendance fee from $40 to $50 for fiscal year 2017 would be the first rate increase since December 1990. The increase would alleviate some of the financial burden associated with jury duty for the approximately 40 percent of private sector workers who have no access to paid jury leave. Congress provided the General Services Administration (GSA) with funds this fiscal year for eight new courthouse construction projects, and partial funding of a ninth, along with funding for two new federal buildings housing court operations, to address the Judiciary s top space priorities. Judiciary spending should stabilize at total growth of 2.5%. The Supreme Court shall continue with 1.1% growth to afford lower income employees reasonable growth of 3% and growth in spending on care of building and grounds to 2.5% annually. Judiciary Budget FY 16  FY 18 (thousands) Appropriation AccountFY 2016 EnactedFY 2017 Requested% Change FY 2016-17FY 18 2.5% GrowthTotal Federal Judicial Spending 6,772,1016,984,9813.0%7,140,524U.S. Supreme Court Salaries & Expenses75,838 76,6681.1%77,511Care of Building and Grounds9,96414,86849.2%15,240U. S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit30,87230,108-2.5%30,861U. S. Customs Court 18,16018,4621.7%18,924Courts of Appeals, District Courts & other Judicial Services (CADCOJS) Salaries & Expenses Direct4,918,9695,045,7852.6%5,171,930Defender Services1,004,9491,056,3265.1%1,082,734Fees of Jurors & Commissioners44,19943,723-1.1%44,816Court Security538,196565,3885.1%579,523Administrative Office85,66587,7482.4%89,942Federal Judicial Center27,71928,3352.2%29,043U.S. Sentencing Commission17,57017,5700%0Vaccine Injury Fund[-6,050][-6,260]3.5%[-6,417]Total Congressional Budget Authority6,778,151 6,991,2412.8%7,146,941Total Federal Judicial Spending 6,772,1016,984,9813.0%7,140,524OMB Judiciary Federal spending estimates7,724,0007,852,0001.7%7,902,000 Source: FY 2017 Judiciary Budget Summary, OMB Historical Tables 1962-2020 1. The Judiciary can save nearly $1 billion annually by correcting OMB HistoricalTable 4.1 Outlays by Agency from the historical federal debt. The United States Sentencing Commission under 28USCII(58)991-998 must be repealed and abolished under Blakely v. Washington (2004) and the Slavery Convention of 1926 under penalty of provision of material support for taking hostage under 18USC1203. The name of the Court of International Trade of the United States (COITUS) needs to be changed to Customs Court (CC). The U.S. Court of International Trade was constituted by the Customs Court Act of 1980 and is codified at 28 U.S.C. Chapter 11 251-258 to employ 12 presidential appointed judges who hear claims against the United States under 28 USC Chapter 95 1581-1585. The 1930 Tariff Act, 1974 Trade Act and the Customs Courts Act of 1980 grant the Court a residual grant of exclusive subject matter jurisdictional authority to decide any civil action against the United States, its officers, or its agencies arising out of any law pertaining to international trade, tariffs and customs. The Court operates in accordance with the Rules of Court and in co-operation with the Civil Division of the Department of Justice. The acronym CoITUS is obscene and needs to be renamed to Customs Court (CC) to better respect the laws of nations. Chapter 11 of Title 28 on the Judiciary on the Organization of the Court of International Trade (COIT) needs to be amended to to Customs Court (CC), and reference to COIT needs to changed to Customs Court in 28USCI(11)251(a&b), 252, 253(a), 254, 255(a), 257, and 258(a)(1), Chapter 55 on Court Officers in 871 and 872 to CC. d. Chapter 95 on the Jurisdiction and Venue in 1581(a-j), 1582, 1583, 1584, and 1585 to CC. e. Chapter 169 on Procedure in 2631(a-j), 2632(a-d), 2633(a-c), 2634, 2635(a-d), 2636(a-i), 2637(a-d), 2638, 2639(a&c), 2640(a,b,c&e), 2641(a&b), 2642, 2643(a-d), 2644, 2645(a-c), and 2646 to CC. f. Any other reference to COIT that might be discovered at a later date, such as 18USC6001(4) to CC. 74 Agriculture A. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides leadership on issues related to food, agriculture, food safety, rural development, and natural resources. It was founded by President Abraham Lincoln signature of the Act to Establish a Department of Agriculture on May 15, 1962. FY 17 USDA employs 97,804 workers down from 103,000 with total program level of $225 billion FY 2017 down - 2.6% from $231 billion FY 16, provides 3.2 million farmers with crop insurance and 44 million people Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Forest Service programs are duplicates of the Interior Department, agricultural land is inferior to either thinned or uncut forest, wherefore forest service budget cuts shall result in the right of reemployment being decided by state parks on the basis of arson 18USC81 of buildings or property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC1363 and ability to stay on Trump Trail coast to coast with the National Trail System Act under 16USC1246(h)(1). The FY 18 budget makes changes to FY 16 and FY 17 spending to explain much lower outlay totals, $138 billion FY 16, $133 billion FY 17 and $140 billion FY 18, than previously given $153 billion FY 16 to $152 billion FY 17. Unexplained reason being the wild inflation in Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and off-budget lending of the Rural Business Cooperative, financed with electricity fees, must be deleted from the outlay table, to begin to count the historical undistributed offsetting receipts since FY 15. The public is highly dissatisfied with SNAP welfare benefit growth that should be 3% annually = % increase in benefit amount + % increase in beneficiaries. Because everyone is very disappointed with the SNAP cuts of Halloween 2013 and Thanksgiving 2016, the USDA couldn't even calculate, the downward revision FY 16-18 should be adopted and growth estimates based on $139 billion outlays FY 15 agreed upon by OMB and the USDA. However the plan for further SNAP cuts FY 18 constitutes deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. The public must be informed that SNAP benefits are projected to growth 3% FY 18 = % benefit amount + % new beneficiaries. Agriculture Budget Correction FY 15 - FY 18 USDA OutlaysFY 15FY 16FY 17FY 18FY 18 2.75%Total Outlays 132,381124,125126,000124,031127,682Estimated Outlays139,115138,248133,062140,035140,035Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 6,69914,1237,06216,00412,353OMB139,115153,773151,485153,011153,011Staffing94,89395,89090,62796,753Source: USDA FY 18 1. USDA outlay growth requires special calculation because SNAP is an in-kind welfare program due 3% annual growth because SNAP is the liberal, free-market way for consumers to subsidize agriculture. The FY 18 USDA budget section on the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) regarding $78.5 billion SNAP outlays are higher regarding SNAP estimates of $70.5 billion FY17. The FNS failed to do the SNAP math right twice in fall of 2016 and the FY 18 USDA budget must redo the SNAP estimates to explain the $8 billion difference in FNS spending totals actually claimed by the FY 18 budget total. FY 17 $70.5 billion SNAP spending is 53% of the $133 USDA budget, wherefore USDA outlay growth should be 2.75% = 3% SNAP growth + 2.5% administrative spending growth. As a rule of thumb SNAP outlays are 50% of USDA outlays. To actually calculate Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) outlays of $101.9 billion FY 17 - $70.5 billion SNAP = $31.4 billion administration. To make FY 18 estimates 3% growth in SNAP benefits is 72.6 billion + 2.5% growth in other FNS programs to $32.2 billion = $104.8 billion FY 18. As a rule of law the public must be informed that the administration is re-committed to 3% SNAP outlay growth = % increase in benefit + % new beneficiaries FY 18. 2. The details pertaining to the Commodity Credit Corporation Programs used in the balance sheet are not supported by an individualized explanation like other agencies, although their growth is distorting the budget alarmingly. CCC was incorporated October 17, 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of $3 million. It was initially managed and operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which funded its operations. On July 1, 1939, CCC was transferred to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It was reincorporated on July 1, 1948, as a Federal corporation within USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (62 Stat.1070; 15 U.S.C. 714). As amended through the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011, P.L. 112-166, Enacted August 10, 2012. The CCC Charter Act, as amended, aids producers through loans, purchases, payments, and other operations, and makes available materials and facilities required in the production and marketing of agricultural commodities. The CCC Charter Act also authorizes the sale of agricultural commodities to other government agencies and to foreign governments and the donation of food to domestic, foreign, or international relief agencies. CCC also assists in the development of new domestic and foreign markets and marketing facilities for agricultural commodities. CCC has no operating personnel. Its price support, storage, and reserve programs, and its domestic acquisition and disposal activities are carried out primarily through the personnel and facilities of the Farm Service Agency (FSA). FSA provides administrative support for the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), which funds most of the commodity and export programs, and some of the USDA conservation programs. The finding is that before cutting real agencies to achieve accounting goals the Commodity Credit Corporation needs to be deleted from the Outlays Table(s). Furthermore, the Rural Business Cooperative Service needs to be deleted whereas funding for these programs is provided from earnings from electric cooperative investments and fees and the different USDA budgets FY 17  FY 18 threatens hyperinflation from $255 million FY 16 to $4.6 billion FY 16 for nothing. USDA Outlays by Agency FY 15 - FY 18 (millions) FY 15FY 16FY 17FY 18FY 18 2.75%Farm and Foreign Agricultural ServicesFarm Service Agency1,9502,1022,0901,6902,142Risk Management Agency7,3504,2394,7938,7114,913Foreign Agricultural Service252231458337277P.L. 4801,1211,4261,1215751,149Rural DevelopmentSalaries and Expenses2278310462107Rural Utilities Service1,602249261205268Rural Housing Service2,4892561,354309309Food Nutrition and Consumer ServicesFood and Nutrition Services103,958101,442101,91896,925104,800Food SafetyFood Safety and Inspection Service9911,0461,0241,0471,050Natural Resources and EnvironmentNatural Resources Conservation Service3,4983,6713,8934,3063,990Forest Service5,9246,3645,6905,3275,327Marketing and Regulatory ProgramsAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service1,7121,4611,4421,1531,478Agricultural Marketing Service323373347350356Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration3135434344Section 32 Funds740801764727783Research, Education and EconomicsAgricultural Research Service1,1151,1491,1871,2721,217Economic Research Service75941008484National Agricultural Statistics Service173155193185198National Institute of Food and Agriculture1,3231,3231,3771,5661,411Departmental ActivitiesOffice of the Secretary4258896464Office of the Chief Economist1618311818National Appeals Division1313151515Office of Budget and Program Analysis78999Office of Chief Information Officer5252615858Office of Chief Financial Officer65666Agriculture Buildings and Facilities8354876363Hazardous Materials Management611166Office of the General Counsel4648534848Office of the Inspector General89941009393Office of Civil Rights2321242323Working Capital Fund-22-21587676USDA Subtotal135,215126,851128,703125,353130,382Offsetting receipts, rescission, net interest, & other adjustments-2,834-2,726-2,708-1,322-2,700Total Outlays 132,381124,125126,000124,031127,682Estimated Outlays139,115138,248133,062140,035140,035Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 6,69914,12347,06216,00412,353OMB139,115153,773151,485153,011153,011Staffing94,89395,89090,62796,753Source: USDA FY 2017 Budget Summary B. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is made up of 29 agencies and offices with nearly 100,000 employees who serve the American people at more than 4,500 locations across the country and abroad. The U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census conducted the census of agriculture for 156 years (1840-1996). The 1997 Appropriations Act contained a provision that transferred the responsibility for the census of agriculture to National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). The Secretary is assisted by a Deputy Secretary, 10 Offices, a Chief Information Officer, and 7 Undersecretaries that provide from two to four services. The 7 Undersecretaries are  (1) Natural Resources and Environment, (a) Forest Service, (b) Natural Resources Conservation Service, (2) Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, (a) Farm Services Agency, (b) Foreign Agricultural Service, (c) Risk Management Agency (3) Rural Development, (a) Rural Utilities Service, (b) Rural Housing Service, (c) Rural Business Cooperative Service, (4) Food Nutrition and Consumer Services, (a) Food and Nutrition Service, (b) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (5) Food Safety, (a) Food Safety and Inspection Service (6) Research, Education and Economics, (a) Agricultural Research Service, (b) National Institute of Food and Agriculture, (c) Economic Research Service, and (d) National Agricultural Statistics Service and (7) Marketing and Regulatory Programs, (a) Agricultural Marketing Service, (b) Animal and Plant Inspection Service, and (c) Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration. The 10 Offices  (1) Chief Economist, (2) National Appeals Division Director, (3) Director of Communications, (4) Inspector General, (5) General Counsel, (6) Office of the Chief Financial Officer, (7) Office of Budget and Program Analysis, (8) Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations, (9) Assistant Secretary for Administration, and (10) Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights. 1. In 2016, the total cost for the Federal crop insurance programs was about $5 billion. Of this amount, about $1.5 billion was for net indemnities to producers (gross indemnities minus producer paid premiums/fees). Another $1.5 billion was paid to the private insurance companies for delivery expenses and $1.8 billion for underwriting gains, and $47 million was used for other initiatives, including Federal Crop Insurance Act initiatives, programs related IT, and Agricultural Management Assistance. The budget proposes no funding for the Agricultural Management Assistance Program. The Budget proposes legislative changes to the Federal crop insurance program. These proposals include targeting crop insurance subsidies to producers that have an Adjusted Gross Income of $500,000 or less; establishing a limit of $40,000 for premium subsidies an individual may receive; and eliminating subsidized harvest price revenue coverage. C. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Services (FNS) Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) serves as the first line of defense against hunger. It enables low-income families to buy nutritious food with Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) cards. Food stamp recipients spend their benefits to buy eligible food in authorized retail food stores. The Program is the cornerstone of the Federal food assistance programs, and provides crucial support to needy households and to those making the transition from welfare to work. The Food Stamp Act of 1977 codified at 7USC(51)2011 set forth a program of food stamps to guarantee low income people and families an adequate nutritious diet to eliminate hunger and malnutrition. Participation in the food stamp program is limited to those households whose incomes and other financial resources, held singly or in joint ownership, are determined to be a substantial limiting factor in permitting them to obtain a more nutritious diet, upper limit of household income is 130% of the poverty line. SSI beneficiaries are automatically eligible under 7USC(51)2014. Under SNAP rules, the maximum benefit levels for each fiscal year  which are the benefit amounts that go to households with no disposable income after deductions for certain necessities  are set at 100 percent of the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan, USDA s estimate of the minimum amount that a family needs to afford a bare-bones, nutritionally adequate diet, for the preceding June. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Statistics 2007-2018 Fiscal YearAverage ParticipationAverage Benefit Total BenefitsTotal Costs--Thousands----Dollars-- ----------Millions of Dollars----------19692,8786.63228.8021.70250.5019704,34010.55549.7027.20576.9019719,36813.551,522.7053.201,575.90197211,10913.481,797.3069.401,866.70197312,16614.602,131.4076.002,207.40197412,86217.612,718.30119.202,837.50197517,06421.404,385.50233.204,618.70197618,54923.935,326.50359.005,685.50197717,07724.715,067.00394.005,461.00197816,00126.775,139.20380.505,519.70197917,65330.596,480.20459.606,939.80198021,08234.478,720.90485.609,206.50198122,43039.4910,629.90595.4011,225.20198221,71739.1710,208.30628.4010,836.70198321,62542.9811,152.30694.8011,847.10198420,85442.7410,696.10882.6011,578.80198519,89944.9910,743.60959.6011,703.20198619,42945.4910,605.201,033.2011,638.40198719,11345.7810,500.301,103.9011,604.20198818,64549.8311,149.101,167.7012,316.80198918,80651.7111,669.781,231.8112,901.59199020,04958.7814,142.791,304.4715,447.26199122,62563.7817,315.771,431.5018,747.27199225,40768.5720,905.681,556.6622,462.34199326,98767.9522,006.031,646.9423,652.97199427,47469.0022,748.581,744.8724,493.45199526,61971.2722,764.071,856.3024,620.37199625,54373.2122,440.111,890.8824,330.99199722,85871.2719,548.861,958.6821,507.55199819,79171.1216,890.492,097.8418,988.32199918,18372.2715,769.402,051.5217,820.92200017,19472.6214,983.322,070.7017,054.02200117,31874.8115,547.392,242.0017,789.39200219,09679.6718,256.202,380.8220,637.02200321,25083.9421,404.282,412.0123,816.28200423,81186.1624,618.892,480.1427,099.03200525,62892.8928,567.882,504.2431,072.11200626,54994.7530,187.352,715.7232,903.06200726,31696.1830,373.272,800.2533,173.52200828,223102.1934,608.403,031.2537,639.64200933,490125.3150,359.923,260.0953,620.01201040,302133.7964,702.163,581.7868,283.94201144,709133.8571,810.923,875.6275,686.54201246,609133.4174,619.343,791.2778,410.61201347,636133.0776,066.323,866.9879,933.30201446,536125.3569,999.814,130.1774,129.98201545,800126.8369,705.774,233.4273,939.19201644,300125.5266,672.644,339.2771,011.91201743,857125.5266,059.174,447.7570,506.92201844,296128.0368,054.604,558.9472,613.54Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service 1. The Farm Bill of 2008 changed the name of the Food Stamp Program to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Promising not to cut benefits the average benefit amount increased rapidly from $96.18 in 2007 to $102.19 in 2008, to $125.31 in 2009 to $133.79 in 2010. Participation increased 53% from 26.3 million in 2007 to 40.3 million in 2010 reaching a high of 47.6 million in 2013. SNAP promised not to cut benefits and between 2008 and 2013 had the longest uninterrupted spurt of food stamp benefit growth the nation has ever enjoyed. The USDA then intentionally, abruptly, and with significant terrorism, cut aggregate SNAP benefits on Halloween 2013 and Thanksgiving 2016, but couldn't do the math right, although they tried twice on October 7 and November 10, 2016, this constitutes two counts of aggregate deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. Average benefits payments went down from $133.07 in 2013, to $125.01 in 2014, up to $126.83 in 2015 and down again to $125.52 in 2016 this counts as two counts of intentional deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. A strange section pertaining to publicly operated community health centers (from 1985?) needs to be repealed under 7USC212a before neoplastic Commodity Credit Insurance Program growth completely destroys the USDA, like the Postal Service Retirement Health Insurance Program destroyed the USPS profit margin and the Affordable Care Act destroyed the Treasury budget. Because benefits are low and the USDA dirty, food stamp participation for 2017 is expected to get lower than 2016, because even if there were positive intervention partway through the year many people would be reluctant to participate due to the abuse they suffered as hostages when their benefits were cut, before they stopped appealing and were set free. To secure SNAP program participation growth it is absolutely necessary that they keep their promise not to cut benefits anymore. USDA should assume 2% annual increase in benefits + 1% population growth for a total of 3% SNAP growth. 2. Food Stamp had their best run with the renaming of the program to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) between 2009 to Halloween 2013. Since then benefits have gotten smaller and beneficiaries are poorer. A law is needed to ensure poor Americans receive a full ration of SNAP benefits and the in-kind benefit spending increases 3% annual SNAP growth = % growth in beneficiaries + % growth in benefits. Food stamp statistics date to 1969 when $250.5 million fed 2.8 million people. The Food Stamp Act of 1977 wrongly reduced benefits from $5.7 billion for 18.6 million beneficiaries in 1976 to $5.5 billion for 17 million beneficiaries in 1977. Beneficiaries rose to 21 million in 1981 but fluctuated downward until Public Law 100-435, the Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 was signed into law September 19, 1988. Following this initiative, Public Law 101-624, the Mickey Leland Memorial Domestic Hunger Relief Act of November 28, 1990 established EBT as an issuance alternative and permitted the Department to continue to conduct EBT demonstration projects. 3. After the Farm Bill of 2002 food stamp participation increased from about 17.2 million in fiscal year 2000 to 26 million people in July 2006. The rate of payment accuracy in the FSP improved 34 percent between FY2000 and FY2004 and the 94.12 percent overall payment accuracy rate was the highest achieved since the inception of the program. USDA awarded $48 million to 24 States for their exemplary administration of the program in fiscal year (FY) 2005. By August 2008, participation had reached an all-time (non-disaster) high of 29 million people per month. The participation increases occurred at a time when eligibility for food stamp benefits expanded as a result of the 2002 Farm Bill. Moreover, there was a consistent focus on outreach and improved access to FSP benefits. Some of the most recent increase in participation may be caused by the current economic slowdown and the recent rise in unemployment rates. During this time, payment accuracy continued to improve and the program set a new payment error rate record for fiscal year 2007 of 5.64. 4. The 2008 farm bill (H.R. 2419, the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008) was enacted May 22, 2008 through an override of the President s veto. The new law increased the commitment to Federal food assistance programs by more than $10 billion over the next 10 years. In efforts to fight stigma, the law changed the name of the Federal program to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or SNAP as of Oct. 1, 2008, and changed the name of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 to the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008. Additional Recovery Act funds were terminated as of October 31, 2013 in accordance with an illegitimate Republican interpretation of section 442 of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-296). The cuts were deep and totalitarian, as has happened so many times before under the Food Stamp Act of 1977. SNAP beneficiaries did not get the tenure promised by Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 H.R. 2419 and the longest uninterrupted growth in good stamp from the Farm Bill of 2002 was brought to end. The Agriculture Secretary must not cut SNAP benefits anymore under penalty of deprivation of relief benefits 18USC246. D. The United States Forest Service was convicted of committing arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC81. The Forest Service burnt their National Forests intentionally by conventional means of kerosene, most of the burned acreage was however caused by iron dust instead of silver iodide cloud seeding missiles to cause lightning, the most frequent cause of large forest fires that get quite large because they are inaccessible to fire fighters. Forest Service contractors were also noted to have afflicted the deer population with fleas, put leeches in several popular lakes a century after introducing gold bugs to attack the allegedly non-native medicinal St. John's wort in 1916 that stills grows unharvested in commercial quantities in the National Forest. The US Forest Service is penalized with FY 18 USDA budget request estimates and may need to be entirely abolished by the Interior Department (ID) for committing the crimes, their contractors have always committed in national forests and on private land, so close to the arson terrorized city they got caught. Arson is a crime of both harbor and concealment of terrorists under 18USC2339 and provision of material support for terrorism under 18USC2339A that completely compromises the federal jurisdiction under the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) corrupt  full support for fire suppression command of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The inter-jurisdictional immunity of the county parks seems necessary to avoid the pyromania impaired politics of the Democratic-Republican (DR) two party system. 1. The customary resolution of forest fires is a $36 million fine per square mile (640 acres) under Fire 36CFR261.5 however the Forest Service and National Forests have been implicated in so many fires across the West that the United States needs a lesson that crime does not pay. County parks are called upon to charge the United States for the arson damages caused by the Forest Service and to public lands ineptly protected as National Forests. The Forest Service budget cut from $5.7 FY 17 and $5.3 billion FY 18 Forest Service budget is accelerated with a $400 million fine FY 17 and $400 million fine FY 18 to fire the arsons who because of pyromaniac disease or injury, are unable to render useful and efficient service in the employee s position are not qualified for reassignment, and therefore due disability retirement under 5USC8337(a). These fines should be paid to county parks to be split with fire districts responsible for dismantling, chipping and chucking the slash piles left littering arsoned national and other forests. In FY 18 due process shall be given to abolishing the Forest Service and investing the entire $5.3 billion FY 18 Forest Service budget into improving the hourly wage, benefits, cartographic and logistical support of the county park supervised Trump Trails worker. The Secretary or National Park Foundation shall receive the donations of land and money surrendered to country park supervision under 54USC101101-101120 et seq. The objective is that Trump Trail(s) coast to coast will turn the nation into a park connected by hiking trails and decommission abusive logging and other roads. Baby Boomers have proven that cars only lead to knee surgery, arson, Volstead Acts, world war, and a hydrocarbon huffing attempt at sobriety that can only be found in the woods; more Millennials walk, runners from the West Coast should be able to get to the District of Columbia to deliver a fiscal year surplus by Oct. 1 under 31USC1111. The end of the law is that, any person or instrumentality who destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any parkland is liable to the United States for response costs and damages resulting from the destruction, loss, or injury under 54USC100722. United States v. Forest Service? 75 Commerce and Small Business Administration A. The United States Department of Commerce and Labor was created on February 14, 1903. It was subsequently renamed the Department of Commerce on March 4, 1913, as the bureaus and agencies specializing in labor were transferred to the new Department of Labor. The U.S. Department of Commerce s FY 18 Budget requests $7.8 billion in discretionary funding, a $1.5 billion or 16 percent decrease from the $9.3 billion estimate in Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L. 114-254). Commerce plans to reduce employment to a total of 41,555 FTEs FY 18, down from a high of 42,335 FTEs FY17, up 7.6% from 39,336 FTEs FY 16. The planned workforce reduction will make for an average annual employee growth rate of 2.8% FY16  FY 18, still considered extremely high by comparison with a 1% norm for employment growth. The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) pays for growth from 12,769 FTEs FY 17 to 13,240 FTEs FY 18 with $3,599 million in joint fees collections with the International Trade Administration (ITA) and $29 million in other income. Commerce also receives $6 million to and from the Office of Inspector General and $154 million from the USDA. The lay-offs are warranted due to the 7.6% increase in FTEs FY 16 - FY17. It is advised the Department of Commerce budget adopt the $827 million subsidy for the off-budget lending operations appropriations of the Small Business Administration (SBA) and until SBA makes it clear that they appropriate their funds from the profits of their lending operation their exists some easily explained difference in the Commerce and SBA budget total used in this report. The Commerce budget is not being questioned. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) needs to learn that cool, not hot, oceans to make clouds, hot oceans cause drought, cool water dissipates hurricanes. The public is dissatisfied with the 22.9% under age 18 revision in 2015 and the Census must return to a figure closer to 24% under age 18 used in the 2010 Census. 77 million children is 23.3% of the 330 million SSA population, 23.3% of the 324 million Census population is 75.5 million children. Nonetheless, if the rich are taxed Commerce spending and employment should grow normally at 2.5% and 1% respectively. Commerce Department Budget and FTEs FY 16- FY 18 (millions) FY 16 FTEsFY 16FY 17 FTEsFY 17FY 18 FTEsFY 18FY 18 1% FTEsFY 18 2.5%Commerce Total Outlays39,3369,28242,3359,24041,5557,79542,7589,471Small Business Administration 871878827827Departmental Management74477692777126469979Inspector General16732177321773217933Economic Development Administration1963001962619830198268 Bureau of the Census8,7031,37010,7831,36710,1881,49410,8911,401Economic and Statistical Analysis49910950110948697506112International Trade and Investment Administration1,6624831,6314821,5284431,647494Bureau of Industry and Security371113414113426114418116Minority Business Development Agency583270321567233National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration10,9975,77411,4045,76211,3844,77511,5185,906Patent and Trademark Office12,436012,769-613,2490 13,3820National Institute of Standards and Technology3,2759643,3889622,9907253,421986National Technical Information Service1010150015001520National Telecommunications and Information Administration12740160391523616240Commerce Total Outlays39,3369,28242,3359,24041,5557,79543,2459,468Small Business Administration 871878827827Commerce and SBA Outlays10,15310,1188,22210,295OMB10,52710,54611,100Source: Ross, L. Wilbur; Secretary. Department of Commerce: Budget in Brief FY 18 1. The Small Business Administration (SBA) was created in the Small Business Act of July 30, 1953. America s 28 million small businesses are the engine of job creation and economic growth in this country, creating nearly two out of every three net new jobs in the United States and employing nearly half of the nation s workforce. Since the Great Recession the US has created 14 million jobs, the unemployment rate is below five percent and nearly 18 million people have gained health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The president s 2018 Budget requests $826.5 million for the Small Business Administration (SBA), a $43.2 million or 5.0 percent decrease from the 2017 annualized Continuing Resolution (CR) level, which ends on Sept. 30. SBA cybersecurity is so bad that it seems best not to remind anyone that FY 17 cost were estimated at $719 million. The 2018 budget would reduce from $46 billion to $45 billion the cap in 7(a) loan guarantees, SBA s flagship loan program. This number is merely an authorization level and not a straight appropriation. The 7(a) program is funded by user fees which are calculated each year by OMB using a detailed model to forecast expected defaults, and then the fees are adjusted in order to cover these defaults. OMB accounts poorly for the Small Business Administration (SBA). Because OMB has made false entries, in the Historical Tables to create a zero sum for SBA, with revenues some years more or less cancelled out by expenses in other years, it seems best for OMB to not account for SBA in the Outlay by Agency table at all, and delete the entire SBA row, to simplify the recalculation of the historical deficit and debt under the Paperwork Reduction Act under 44USC3508. 2. Details are forthcoming in how the budget reduction is likely to be applied. The 7(a) program has been highly successful for many years, and a higher authorization level protects against program shut-downs which have occurred in the past and represent a major problem for SBA s small-business lending clients. The budget also would cut the microloan program from this year s funding level of $35 million to $28 million. The remainder of the cuts would eliminate duplicative programs under the technical assistance umbrella, including the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA), a division of the Commerce Department that promotes the growth of minority-owned businesses. The MBDA duplicates SBA programs aimed at supporting minority-owned businesses including Small Business Development Centers located across the country. The burden of the SBA and Department of Commerce, is to statistically prove that minorities benefit equally under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. For the past several years there have been a rise in discrimination against customers of commercial establishments under the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 Provided: All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law, and applicable alike to citizens of every race and color, regardless of any previous condition of servitude. It was overruled and voided in the Civil Rights Cases 109 U.S. 3 (1883). Apartheid has been condemned and self-determination extended to all peoples who might be subjected to discrimination on the basis of age, gender, race, disability, nationality or previous condition of servitude. Perhaps the Civil Rights Act of 1875 should be codified. B. The US Census reports the current population of the United States of America is 324,430,398 as of Friday, August 19, 2016, based on the latest United Nations estimates, there are 330 million people estimated to live in the Social Security Area (SSA) population. a difference of 2 percent, The Census Bureau estimates 74.3 million and SSA estimates 77.8 million, a difference of 5 percent. Note, 74.9 million Baby Boomers were born 1946-64. The Census has clearly erred with the 22.9% under age 18 revision in 2015 that destroyed the population pyramid and must return to a figure closer to 24% under age 18 used in the 2010 Census. 77 million children is 23.3% of the 330 million SSA population. 24% of the 324 million US Census population is 77.7 million children. 23.3% of the 324 million Census population is 75.5 million children. There are more children than native and immigrant Baby Boomers combined and child poverty is estimated to run between 22-33%. Population Growth Estimates of the United States 1960-2016 YearPopulation Yearly % ChangeYearly Change DeathsMigrants (net)Births2016329,386,0000.86 %2,800,0002,700,0001,500,0004,000,0002015326,586,0000.84 %2,908,3272,626,4181,557,0003,977,745 2010309,876,1700.91 %2,747,3072,468,435 1,014,1003,944,0002000282,895,7411.22 %3,324,0432,403,351 1,738,5004,058,8141990252,847,8100.99 %2,431,2512,148,463 737,2004,158,212 1980229,588,2080.95 %2,124,9291,989,841 774,6003,612,2581970209,485,8070.99 %2,016,4551,921,031 299,0003,731,3861960186,176,5241.74 %3,076,0291,711,982 372,0004,257,850Source: US Census (as edited 2015-16) Hamilton, Brady E. Ph.D., Martin, Joyce A. M.P.H., and Osterman, Michelle J.K. M.H.S. Births: Preliminary Data for 2015. Division of Vital Statistics. Center for Disease Control. National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 65 No. 3. June 2, 2016; Xu, Jiaquan M.D.; Murphy, Sherry L. B.S.; Kochanek, Kenneth D. M.A.; and Bastian, Brigham A B.S. Deaths: Final Data for 2013. Division of Vital Statistics. Center for Disease Control. National Vital Statistics Reports Vol. 64, No. 2 February 16, 2016 Table 1 Edited by 2016 Annual Report. Table V.A2 Immigration Assumptions, Calendar Years 1940-2090 for 2015 and net immigration re-estimated at 1.5 million and total population corroborated by Table IV.A1. Historical and Projected Social Security Area Population based on the Intermediate Assumptions of the 2015 OASDI Trustees Report, as of July 1, 1974-2039 1. The United States population was equivalent to about 4.36% of the total world population of 7,432,663,275 in 2016. The U.S.A. ranks number 3 in the list of countries by population. The population density in the United States is 35 per sq. kilometer, 92 people per sq. miles. The total land area is 9,155,898 sq. kilometers, 3,535,111 sq. miles. 82.5 % of the population is urban, 268,012,791 people live in US cities in 2016. The median age in the United States is 38.1 years. The U.S. fertility rate has climbed high enough to sustain a stable population, without net migration, solidifying the nation's unique status among industrialized countries as a growth state. The nation's total fertility rate hit a high of an average of nearly 3.8 children born to each woman in the United States in 1957 during the postwar Baby Boom. The birthrate fell sharply through the 1960s and 1970s with the introduction of the birth control pill, legalization of abortion and other trends, including women delaying childbearing to attend college and pursue a career. The rate dipped below replacement level in 1972 and hit a low of 1.7 in 1976, but it started rising again in the late 1970s, climbed steadily through the 1980s, hovering close to but never hitting the replacement rate throughout the '90s and reaching 2.2 in 2000-2010 before going down to 1.8 in 2011-present. Net population growth is bolstered by net migrants. The United States has the highest birth rate (12.5 per 1,000 population), infant mortality rate (6.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births and 8 under age 5 deaths per 1,000 ) and maternal mortality rate (32 deaths per 100,000) of any industrialized nation. Since the 1989 the annual estimate of about 4 million births is less than 4 million during Democratic administrations and more than 4 million during Republican administrations. Since 2009 it has become increasingly difficult, to impossible, for poor people born, and in particular naturalized or at some state of immigration, or with some sort of difficulty procuring a birth certificate, to get identification documents at normal price under Art. 29 of the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954). This does not seem to affect SSA area population estimates, except for the dispute regarding more than 4 million social security cards issued to newborns during Republican administrations and less than 4 million births during Democratic administration under the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) naturalization at birth.  Burn the West, boil the East. Oceanic cooling pumps, patented in 2012 by AS Trust & Holdings US Patent R441A by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, can prevent hurricanes by reducing water temperature below 80 F US under Patent No. (2002) 0008155 and US Patent No. (2008) 0175728 A1. Cooling pumps seem to have been used to some effect to chill the thermal effluent from the Potomac and protect the east coast from hurricane. The only peaceful purpose of oceanic heating pumps is to generate winds blowing in the direction of oceanic cooling pumps along the coast, to make clouds to be seeded with silver iodide missiles, that can cause flooding if trees aren't removed from waterways and is slightly toxic. Hydrocarbon heating pumps needs to be extinguished and removed from the oceans by magnet and cable with an oil tanker or warship. The United States has chilled the waters of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, and needs to chill the Pacific a little better to look good in the news media extinguishing forest fires and end drought with Rainmaking US Patent No. (1966) 3,429,507. Canada and Russia seem to have become the leading thermal polluters in the northern hemisphere. The Southern hemisphere continues to cause East African drought as the result of a belt of oceanic warming along 40S. NOAA must cease disseminating to the public that hot water makes clouds, when in fact, it is oceanic cooling pumps that makes clouds to seed with silver iodide, not dry ice to make small Harvard hailstones or iron dust to cause fire in the National Forest. 76 Corp of Engineers  Civil Works A. The US Army Corp of Engineers is made up of approximately 34,600 Civilian and 650 military members. The mission is to provide quality, responsive engineering services to the nation including: (1) Planning, designing, building and operating water resources and other civil works projects (Navigation, Flood Control, Environmental Protection, Disaster Response, etc.) (2) Designing and managing the construction of military facilities for the Army and Air Force. (Military Construction) (3) Providing design and construction management support for other Defense and federal agencies. (Interagency and International Services). The history of United States Army engineers can be traced back to June 16, 1775, when the Continental Congress organized an army with a chief engineer and two assistants. It was not until 1802 that Congress reestablished a separate Corps of Engineers. In 1824, the Supreme Court ruled in Gibbons v. Ogden that federal authority covered interstate commerce including riverine navigation. Shortly thereafter, Congress passed the General Survey Act authorizing the president to have surveys made of routes for roads and canals "of national importance, in a commercial or military point of view, or necessary for the transportation of public mail." 1. The FY 18 Budget request is for $4.7 billion to pay $3.7 billion from the General Fund and return $1 billion of undistributed offsetting receipts at year end. The President s Budget for fiscal year 2017 (FY 2017) includes $4.620 billion in gross discretionary appropriations funding from all sources for the Civil Works program of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) = $3.6 billion from the General Fund, $951 million from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund, $34 million from the Inland Waterways Trust Fund and $45 million from Special Recreation User Fees. There are another $845 million in additional new revenues not included in the budget = $481 million from the Rivers and Harbors Contributed Funds, $76 million from the Coastal Wetlands Restoration Trust Fund, $21 million from the Permanent Appropriations, $1 million from Special Use Permit Fees, $1 million from Interagency America the Beautiful Pass Revenues, $263 million from the Bonneville Power Administration and $2 million from the South Dakota Terrestrial Trust Fund. The $845 million in additional resources brings total US Army Corp of Engineer revenues to $5,465 million, $5.5 billion. OMB estimates of federal spending from the general fund for the US Army Corp of Engineers are extremely high at $6,654 million FY17. US Army Corp of Civil Engineers Budget FY15- FY18 (billions) FY 15FY 16FY 17FY 18Total Contracts5.45.6Congressional Budget Request 4.74.74.64.7General Fund Outlays3.63.7Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 1.01.0OMB6.76.76.656.3 Source: US Army Corp of Engineers Civil Works Budgets FY 15-18, OMB Dec. 17, 2016 1. FY 2017 funding will be distributed among the appropriations accounts as follows: $2.705 billion for Operation and Maintenance, $1.09 billion for Construction, $222 million for Mississippi River and Tributaries, $200 million for the Regulatory Program, $180 million for Expenses, $103 million for the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP), $85 million for Investigations, $30 million for Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies, $5 million for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works = $4.62 billion congressional budget justification plus $845 million contractual obligations = $5.5 billion. OMB should only register the $3.6 billion from the general fund in the US Army Corp of Engineer for FY17 as $1 billion in undistributed offsetting receipts left-over from $4.6 billion at year end. Whereas reporting seems spotty it seems best to leave spending rates the same. C. Although the Corps is primarily an engineering and construction organization, historically it has been committed to research and development. As the Cold War waned, the Corps became involved in a number of military contingencies and humanitarian assistance operations. Maintaining the nation's public works is an imperative. Environmental issues are the chief public works challenges. Infrastructure development no longer automatically means large construction and maintenance operations. It means developing management techniques, new approaches, and new technology to use our resources more efficiently and to reduce resource depletion. It means eliminating or reducing contaminants, such as radioactive wastes, toxic and solid wastes, and non-point source pollutants of our surface and groundwater. Finally, it involves working with other agencies and organizations to develop effective responses to ecological crises such as oil spills, drought, and fire. In all these areas, the Corps began developing expertise a century or more ago. Clearly, the Corps' historical strengths in program management, engineering design, research and development, and construction will prove invaluable as the agency readies to meet the challenges of the 21st century. 77 Customs A. U.S. Customs must graduate from the Homeland Security Act of 2003. Title 6 of the United States Code and Title 6 of the Code of Federal Regulations must be amended from  Domestic Security to  Customs and Title 22 Foreign Relations and Intercourse (a-FRaI-d) to Foreign Relations (FR-ee). On March 1, 2003 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) inherited the professional workforce, programs and infrastructure of the Coast Guard, Customs Service, Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the Transportation Security Administration, 22 agencies in all. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the largest arm of Customs after the Coast Guard. On May 5, 2017, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017, which provides the Department of Homeland Security with $42.4 billion in net discretionary funding to carry out its five primary missions: prevent terrorism and enhance security; secure and manage our borders; enforce and administer our immigration laws; safeguard and secure cyberspace; and strengthen national preparedness and resilience. The President requests $292 million for 40 miles of replacement fence along the Southwest border and can go no lower than $50 million for White House fence replacement. Can't seem to get a loan. $42.4 billion FY 18 is 4.4% growth from $40.6 billion FY 17, too much. 2.5% growth to $41.8 billion is estimated to produce $600 million undistributed offsetting receipts at year end FY 18. The FY 18 budget request for $44.1 billion is more than $42.4 billion provided by the President in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 on May 5, 2017. The deceptive historic rescission used FY 18 does not correct longstanding mathematical error in the FY 16 totals, the Coast Guard paid GSA in full for damages to Customs headquarters at St. Elizabeth's Hospital and Customs and Border Protection must have bribed the SSA Actuary to inform the public that net immigration had risen to more than 1 million in 2012 to 1.5 million in 2015 mostly as the result of an increase in undocumented immigration from 244,000 in 2012 to 762,000 in 2015. The FY 18 budget is overruled in its entirety by 2.5% growth secured for the historical tables with $648 million un-distributing offsetting receipts at year end. Customs FY15 - FY18 (millions) FY15 FY16 FY17 FY 18 2.5%FY 18DHS Outlays39,77540,95340,57242,40042,400Undistributed Offsetting Receipts00-648DHS FY 18 41,25841,25844,063Total Outlays39,77542,45740,57241,75244,064OMB 42,53751,76947,75042,40042,400OMB Customs duties and fees 35,04136,72139,53739,91039,910Total Budget Authority53,50766,29466,64368,29070,690Budget Authority by OrganizationOffice of the Secretary and Undersecretary7731,0691,0121,037898Analysis and Operations252265266273252Office of the Inspector General142162181 186134U.S. Customs and Border Protection12,80513,25413,94014,28916,388U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement6,1916,1546,2306,3867,942Transportation and Security Administration7,3777,4407,5897,7797,582U.S. Coast Guard10,14510,98410,32210,58010,673U.S. Secret Service2,0182,1982,1562,2102,208National Protection and Programs Directorate2,8773,0793,0453,1213,278Office of Health Affairs1291250111111Federal Emergency Management Agency13,05413,98514,16914,52315,552FEMA Grant Programs2,5302,5902,3712,4300U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service3,5423,6104,0184,1194,442Federal Law Enforcement Training Center258245243249273Science and Technology Directorate1,105787759778627Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNTO)308347342330330Congressional Budget Authority63,50666,29466,64368,29070,690Less Mandatory Fees and Trust Funds12,87413,08414,55714,19814,198Gross Discretionary Budget Authority50,63253,21052,24654,09256,494Less Discretionary Offsetting Fees3,9004,0404,9665,0405,040Net Discretionary Budget Authority46,73249,17047,28049,05251,545Less FEMA Disaster Relief  Major Disaster Cap Adjustment6,4386,7136,7097,3006,793Adjusted Net Discretionary Budget Authority39,77542,45740,57141,75244,661Outlays39,77540,95340,57242,40042,400Undistributed Offsetting Receipts000-6480OMB 42,53751,76947,75044,15044,150OMB Estimated Customs duties and fees 35,04136,72139,53739,91039,910Source: upper number FY 2015: pgs. 1 & 7 Johnson, Jeh Charles. Department of Homeland Security. Budget-in-brief FY 17 Pgs. 1 & 10; Kelly, John. Department of Homeland Security Budget-in-brief FY 18; Table 2.5 Composition of Other Receipts and Table 4.1 Outlays by Agency OMB Historical Tables FY 17 1. US Customs fills an estimated 226,946 positions with 218,403 full-time employees (FTEs) plus 7,000 in the Coast Guard Military Select Reserve with a 29,251 auxiliary for a grand total of 263,197 employees FY 17. The 6,666 position increase is 2.9% employment growth that should be normalized at 0.9% to afford a 1.6% annual pay raise with 2.5% spending growth with any margin for error. With an estimated $47.0 billion in Customs duties in 2015 and adjusted expenses of $38.2 billion, turned a $8.8 billion profit, that was quickly snatched away by a jealous Congress who somehow increased expenses and decreased revenues FY 2015. Congress should not hesitate to impose a 6% tax on natural gas, petroleum and electricity exports and earn $5 billion in revenues, half as much as if they had not rejected the first concerted national request for such a gas, oil, coal and electricity export tax on what was in 2015 a $165 billion export industry. The General Services Administration (GSA) has mitigated the environmental damage and building hazard on the St. Elizabeth s Hospital grounds, caused by Coast Guard efforts to build a road to the river. In summer of 2014 the HS Secretary requested $1.2 billion to pay for an influx of juvenile refugees which has been paid for by HHS and is now taken care of by the regular budget of the Administration for Children and Families (ACF). Now that the Coast Guard finally got an ice-breaker, 25 years since the US-Canadian treaty, the Coast Guard needs detection technology to guide oil tanker ships and larger warships with magnetic cables to remove extinguished heat pumps from the bottom of the Atlantic. 2. To assertively implement the policies of the President s Executive Orders, Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements, Executive Order No. 13767 (Jan. 25, 2017), Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, Executive Order No. 13768 (Jan. 30, 2017), and Enforcing Federal Law with Respect to Transnational Criminal Organizations and Preventing International Trafficking, Executive Order No. 13773 (Feb. 14, 2017), the Secretary must cease to defend the travel ban whereas it constitutes a conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country 18USC956, a crime of provision of material support for terrorism under 18USC2331A, that offends the Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) No. 2017/11 9 March 2017 and implicates the Secretary of Defense. Furthermore, when he took office, public information regarding improved explosive devices offended the penalty for explosives under 18USC844(e) causing destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities 18USC32 by downing a brief series of small private planes. There is deep concern that the curriculum vitae of this former Marine Corp general is the least competent of two terrorists out of three Marines in the Cabinet and there is every reason to impeach him under Arts. 2 (4) of the US Constitution and UN Charter. It is outrageous that the undated DHS budget, downloaded in June, would exceed the $42.4 billion the President gave the Department on May 5. Higher scrutiny reveals that excessive 18% outlay growth from $13.9 billion FY 17 to $16.4 billion FY 18 for Customs and Border Protections must be treated as a levy for war against the United States whose economics cannot be adhered to under Art. 3(3) of the US Constitution and 18USC2381. 2.5% growth from FY 17 levels of spending is $14.3 billion for Customs and Border Protection (CBP) FY 18. The 1.6% increase in CBP FTE's from 58,739 FY 17 to 59,726 FY 18 would be more affordable at 0.9% increase to 59,268 1.6% annual pay raises. Migration Estimates 2001-2015 (thousands) YearLegal in Legal outAdjustment of statusNet legalOther inOther outAdjustments of statusNet otherTotal net immigration20015172655427941,3221225426581,45320024832434877281,2591124876601,38820034141923545751,1391233546621,23720044662505337491,3041085336621,41120055612905978691,791525971,1412,01020066393035739101,450765738011,7102007584267482800883328482728722008635278478835672948478-7548120096332774758327521704751069382010622262426786678199426538382011647264408791606263408-6672520126212554017667761314012441,01120135892494097489391844093461,09420146162544017621,2002454015541,31620156102654507951,4001884507621,557Source: 2016 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund. June 22, 2016. Table V.A2 Immigration Assumptions, Calendar Years 1940-2090 B. In 2015 Net immigration and undocumented immigration rose to the highest levels since 2006 when net immigration declined to less than a million until 2012. Since 2001 the high is net immigration of 2,010,000, with 869 legal immigrants and 1,141 other immigrants. The low is net immigration of 81,000 in 2008 with 835,000 legal immigrants and net deportation of -754,000 other immigrants. In 2011 however after the number of legal immigrants remaining less than 800,000 and undocumented immigration increasing causing net immigration to rise to 1,011,000 and continue rising. With legal immigration remaining steady at 795,000 and undocumented migration increasing swiftly to 762,000, net immigration was estimated at 1,557,000 in 2015. The primary reason given by aliens residing in the United States for their undocumented status is the high price, exceeding $2,500, to apply for work visa, under 8USC1202 with no guarantee of actually getting the visa or their money back, exceeds the ability of low income workers to pay. Canada reduced the price of their work visa to $500 in 2007. To be competitive and pro-active about documenting the estimated 13 million illegal aliens it is highly recommended that U.S. reduce the price of a work visa to $500, $1,000 to register long time undocumented migrant workers and family members of migrant workers. To make this fee fair, employees shall have only to document that the immigrant or prospective immigrant has secured employment with them in the United States, whereupon they could enter the country on a work visa, or be promoted from tourist to worker visa and pay $500 to $1,000 maximum fee for a family, to be included in the 30% withholding of income tax on the wages of nonresident aliens under 26USC1441. 1. Immigrant Visas may be issued in accordance with current quotas for foreign immigrants who have applied and meet the basic criteria of; 1. having completed at least a high school education; 2. having completed at least two years of work in a field that requires experience; 3. not attempting to flee a felony conviction in a foreign country. Expedited immigration visas are given to those people who are; 1. spouses or children of a person who has received an immigrant visa; 2. aliens with exceptional abilities in the arts, education, sciences or business that plan to continue to use their ability in the United States; a. with a tenured position with a university or equivalent research position; b. by continuing to serve an international corporation or legal entity in the USA: c. professionals willing to work in a location where there is determined to be a need for such professionals in the USA; a college diploma is not sufficient evidence; d. a person investing at least $1 million in a region in the USA with levels of unemployment over 150% of the national average of 5% under 8USC1153. 2. Naturalization is the way to reduce statelessness in children born of foreign parents under the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness of 1961. Common Articles 26-29 to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951 and the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons of 1954 protect refugees and stateless people against discrimination, provide for the freedom of movement and require States to provide them with identity papers and travel documents at the same price as nationals. A refugee is someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. A stateless person is someone who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law. Under Art. 27 every Contracting Party shall issue identity papers to any refugee or stateless person in their territory who does not possess a valid travel document. Under Art. 29 no refugee duties, charges, or taxes, of any description, other or higher than are or may be levied on their nationals in similar situations shall be imposed, in particular in the issuance of identity documents. In Art. 34 every effort shall be made to expedite naturalization proceedings and to reduce as far as possible the charges and costs of such proceedings. The Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons of 1954 that entered into force in 1960 Annex Paragraph 1 provides 1. The travel document referred to in article 28 of this Convention shall indicate that the holder is a stateless person under the terms of the Convention of 28 September 1954. 2. The document shall be made out in at least two languages, one of which shall be English or French. 3. The Contracting States will consider the desirability of adopting the model travel document attached to the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons of 1954. The fees for the issue of exit, entry or transit visas shall not exceed the lowest scale of charges for visas on foreign passports. The US Constitution preserves a $10 tax on migration that gets more reasonable with time. Under the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness of 1961 all people born of foreign parents are entitled to naturalization at birth. This means more than 4 million births per year in both Democratic administration with less and Republican administrations with more since 1990. 77a Federal Emergency Management Administration A. FEMA offers assistance in major disasters that cause loss of life, human suffering, loss of income, and property loss and damages and have been declared an emergency by the President. FEMA renders aid, assistance, and emergency services, and the reconstruction and rehabilitation of devastated areas, as necessary under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 100-707 under 42USC5170B-3. On April 1, 1979, President Jimmy Carter signed the executive order that created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). President Carter's 1979 executive order merged many of the separate disaster-related responsibilities into the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Among other agencies, FEMA absorbed: The Federal Insurance Administration, The National Fire Prevention and Control Administration, The National Weather Service Community Preparedness Program, The Federal Preparedness Agency of the General Services Administration, The Federal Disaster Assistance Administration activities from HUD, and Civil defense responsibilities were also transferred to the new agency from the Defense Department's Defense Civil Preparedness Agency. On March 1, 2003, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) became part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). As of April, 2014, FEMA has 14,844 employees across the country  at headquarters, the ten regional offices, the National Emergency Training Center, Center for Domestic Preparedness/Noble Training Center and other locations. The Federal Emergency Management Agency coordinates the federal government's role in preparing for, preventing, mitigating the effects of, responding to, and recovering from all domestic disasters, whether natural or man-made, including acts of terror. 1. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 100-707, was signed into law November 23, 1988; amended the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Public Law 93-288 as codified at 42USC5121-5206 . It created the system in place today by which a presidential disaster declaration of an emergency triggers financial and physical assistance through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This Act constitutes the statutory authority for most federal disaster response activities especially as they pertain to FEMA and FEMA programs. Under 42USC5177 the President is authorized to provide to any individual unemployed as a result of a major disaster such benefit assistance for the weeks of such unemployment. Under 42USC5191 the Governor of every state shall estimate needs that the Federal Government will cover no less than 75% of. Under 42USC5170B-3 essential assistance programs are categorized as follows; (A) debris removal; (B) search and rescue, emergency medical care, emergency mass care, emergency shelter, and provision of food, water, medicine, and other essential needs, including movement of supplies or persons; (C) clearance of roads and construction of temporary bridges necessary to the performance of emergency tasks and essential community services; (D) provision of temporary facilities for schools and other essential community services; (E) demolition of unsafe structures which endanger the public; (F) warning of further risks and hazards; (G) dissemination of public information and assistance regarding health and safety measures; (H) provision of technical advice to State and local governments on disaster management and control; and (I) reduction of immediate threats to life, property, and public health and safety. B. FEMA can trace its beginnings to the Congressional Act of 1803. This act, generally considered the first piece of disaster legislation, provided assistance to a New Hampshire town following an extensive fire. In the century that followed, ad hoc legislation was passed more than 100 times in response to hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters. By the 1930s, when the federal approach to disaster-related events became popular, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was given authority to make disaster loans for repair and reconstruction of certain public facilities following an earthquake, and later, other types of disasters. In 1934, the Bureau of Public Roads was given authority to provide funding for highways and bridges damaged by natural disasters. The Flood Control Act of 1965, which gave the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers greater authority to implement flood control projects, was also passed. This piecemeal approach to disaster assistance was problematic. Accordingly, it prompted legislation to require greater cooperation between federal agencies and authorized the President to coordinate these activities. The 1960s and early 1970s brought massive disasters requiring major federal response and recovery operations by the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration, established within the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). These events served to focus attention on the issue of natural disasters and brought about increased legislation. In 1968, the National Flood Insurance Act created the Federal Insurance Administration and made flood insurance available for the first time to homeowners. The Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 made the purchase of flood insurance mandatory for the protection of property located in Special Flood Hazard Areas. In the year following, President Nixon passed into law the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, firmly establishing the process of Presidential disaster declarations. However, emergency and disaster activities were still fragmented. When hazards associated with nuclear power plants and the transportation of hazardous substances were added to natural disasters, more than 100 federal agencies were involved in some aspect of disasters, hazards and emergencies. Many parallel programs and policies existed at the state and local level, simplifying the complexity of federal disaster relief efforts. The National Governor's Association sought to decrease the many agencies with which state and local governments were forced work. They asked President Carter to centralize federal emergency functions with a full Description of Disaster Assistance Programs: 1. Aging Services: Services are available to meet the needs of the elderly who have been directly affected by a declared disaster (i.e., transportation, meals, home care, etc.). 2. Agricultural Aid: The USDA Rural Development may make emergency loans to farmers and ranchers (owners or tenants) who were operating and managing a farm or ranch at the time of the disaster. These loans are limited to the amount necessary to compensate for actual losses to essential property and/or production capacity. Farmers and ranchers may also apply for cost sharing grants for emergency conservation programs such as debris removal from crop/pasture lands, repairs to land/water conservation structures, and permanent fencing. Further information is available from the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA). 3. Assistance From Financial Institutions: Banks that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Federal Reserve System (FRS), or the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) may permit early withdrawal of time deposits, without penalty. Contact your financial institution to see if they have obtained a waiver from their regulatory agency. 4. Business Loan Program: Disaster loans through the Small Business Administration (SBA) are available to businesses to repair or replace destroyed or damaged business facilities, inventory, machinery, or equipment. The maximum loan amount is $ 1,500,000. If you have been referred to this program you will be receiving an application package in the mail. For more information or help in completing this form, refer to your SBA application package or the SBA website at www.sba.gov. 5. Consumer Services: Counseling is available on consumer problems such as non-availability of products and services needed for reconstruction, price gouging, disreputable business concerns and practices, etc. 6. Crisis Counseling: Referral services and short-term intervention counseling is available for mental health problems caused or aggravated by the disaster. 7. Disaster Unemployment Assistance: This assistance provides weekly benefit payments to those out of work due to the disaster, including self-employed persons, farm and ranch owners, and others not covered under regular unemployment insurance programs. 8. Emergency Assistance: Emergency food, clothing, shelter, and medical assistance may be provided to individuals and families having such needs as a result of the disaster. The American Red Cross (ARC), the Salvation Army, church groups, and other voluntary organizations can provide assistance. 9. Hazard Mitigation: You may receive funds to prevent future damage to your major utilities (i.e., furnace, water heater, electrical service) by either elevation or relocation of these utilities in your home. 10. Home and Personal Property Loan Program: Disaster loans through the Small Business Administration (SBA) are available to homeowners and renters for restoring or replacing disaster damaged real and personal property. The maximum real estate portion of the loan is $200,000 and for personal property is $40,000. The loan amount is limited to the amount of uninsured 11. SBA verified losses. If you have been referred to this program you will find more information in the "Application Summary" on the back of the Disaster Assistance Application Form. Insurance Information: Help and/or counseling is available on insurance problems and questions, which may include obtaining copies of lost policies, claims filing, expediting settlements, etc. If you have not been able to resolve your problem with your insurance company you may contact your State Insurance Commissioner. For flood insurance inquiries, contact the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). 12. Legal Services: Free or reduced legal services, including legal advice, counseling, and representation may be provided to low-income disaster victims. 13. Social Security: Help is available from the Social Security Administration (SSA) in expediting delivery of checks delayed by the disaster and in applying for Social Security disability and survivor benefits. 14. Federal Tax Assistance: The federal tax laws allow the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to grant relief to taxpayers who are victims of a Presidentially declared disaster. This relief includes postponing tax deadlines to provide you with extra time to file and pay before you will be assessed any penalty, additional amount, or addition to the tax, or abating your interest for periods for which you received an extension of time to file tax returns and pay taxes because you were located in a Presidentially declared disaster area. Generally, qualified disaster relief payments are not required to be reported in gross income. Qualified disaster relief payments include payments received from any source to pay reasonable and necessary personal, family, living, or funeral expenses incurred as a result of a Presidentially declared disaster. The IRS may allow casualty losses that were suffered on home, personal property, and household goods to be deducted on the income tax return if they are not covered by insurance. Taxpayers may also file an amended return to receive an early tax refund. More information, forms and publications can be found on the IRS web at http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=108362,00.html. 15. Other Tax Assistance: County tax assessors may provide information and assistance on possible property tax relief. 16. Veteran's Benefits: The Veterans Administration (VA) can expedite delivery of information about benefits, pensions, insurance settlements, and VA mortgage loans. Disaster Relief FY90 - FY13 (millions) YearReliefYearRelief2004$7,5581990$2,0952005$37,1571991$3232006$31,9441992$3,4822007$5,4511993$2,4992008$21,3651994$7,8812009$2,7431995$45,7732010$6,0291996$3,8662011$2,4751997$10,2802012$7,0751998$4,7262013$11,4881999$2,7002014$6,2212000$4702015$7,0332001$4,2032016$7,3752002$1,4542017$4,1002003$1,8522002-2013 Budget Authority $136,591 1990-2001 Budget Authority$88,298Low (FY 2003) $1,852 Low (FY 1991)$323High (FY 2005) $37,157 High (FY 1995)$45,773Average $9,750Average$4,202Source: Lew, Jacob J. OMB Report on Disaster Relief Funding to the Committees on Appropriations and the Budget of the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate. Director, Office of Management and Budget. September 1, 2011. Disaster Relief Fund FY 2014- FY2016, Disaster Relief and Recovery Supplemental Appropriation FY 2017 C. The total budget authority appropriated for disaster relief the ten year period 2001-2011 was $130,756 billion. The low value was $1,852 in FY2003. The high value was $37,157 billion in FY2005 for Hurricane Katrina. The average funding provided for disaster relief over the 10 years 2001-2011 (excluding the highest and lowest years) is $11.5 billion for fiscal year 2011, and $11.3 billion for fiscal year 2012. During FY 2011 and FY 2012, Lew and OMB Director and then Treasurer, seems to have been able to pay for the disaster relief using the Deepwater Horizon Overpayment. On October 29, 2012, shortly after the beginning of FY2013, Hurricane Sandy made landfall in New Jersey. According to wire service reports a month afterwards, the storm killed at least 125 people in the United States and had $62 billion in damage attributed to it. Ultimately the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) administrated $8,444 million for Hurricane Sandy. Major Disaster, Emergency and Fire Management Declarations 1953- 2015 YearMajor Disaster DeclarationsEmergency DeclarationsFire Management Assistance Declarations (Prior to 2003: Fire Suppression Authorizations)Total201645749101201535127632014456338420136252895 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2012?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"2012471649112 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2011?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"20119929114242 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2010?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"201081918108 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2009?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"200959749115 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2008?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"2008751751143 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2007?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"2007631360136 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2006?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"200652586143 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2005?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"2005486839155 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2004?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"200468743118 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2003?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"2003561948123 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2002?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"200249070119 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2001?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"2001451144100 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/2000?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"200045663114 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1999?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1999502040110 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1998?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"199865954128 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1997?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1997440347 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1996?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"199675875158 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1995?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1995322438 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1994?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"19943612057 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1993?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"19933219758 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1992?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1992452653 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1991?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1991430245 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1990?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1990380543 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1989?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1989310132 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1988?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1988110516 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1987?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1987231731 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1986?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1986280129 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1985?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1985270936 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1984?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1984344442 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1983?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1983211224 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1982?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1982243027 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1981?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1981150318 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1980?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1980236231 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1979?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"19794210759 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1978?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"19782514241 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1977?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"19772234561 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1976?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1976308745 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1975?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1975386145 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1974?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1974465253 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1973?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1973460955 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1972?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1972480048 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1971?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1971170320 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1970?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1970170219 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1969?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1969290029 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1968?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1968190019 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1967?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1967110011 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1966?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1966110011 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1965?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1965250025 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1964?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1964250025 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1963?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1963200020 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1962?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1962220022 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1961?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1961120012 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1960?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1960120012 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1959?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"19597007 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1958?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"19587007 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1957?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1957160016 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1956?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1956160016 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1955?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1955180018 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1954?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1954170017 HYPERLINK "http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/year/1953?field_disaster_type_term_tid_1=All"1953130013Source: FEMA 1. The initial First Response to a disaster is the job of local government's emergency services with help from nearby municipalities, the state and volunteer agencies. In a catastrophic disaster if the governor requests, federal resources can be mobilized through the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for search and rescue, electrical power, food, water, shelter and other basic human needs. It is the long-term Recovery phase of disaster which places the most severe financial strain on local or state government. Damage to public facilities and infrastructure, often not insured, can overwhelm even a large city. A governor's request for a major disaster declaration could mean an infusion of federal funds, but the governor must also commit significant state funds and resources for recovery efforts. A Major Disaster can be a resultof hurricanes, earthquakes, flood, tornados or major fires; the President then determines warrants supplemental federal aid. The event must be clearly more than state or local governments can handle alone. If declared, funding comes from the President's Disaster Relief Fund, managed by FEMA and disaster aid programs of other participating federal agencies. A Presidential Major Disaster Declaration puts into motion long-term federal recovery programs, some of which are matched by state programs and designed to help disaster victims, businesses and public entities. An Emergency Declaration is more limited in scope and without the long-term federal recovery programs of a Major Disaster Declaration. Generally, federal assistance and funding are provided to meet a specific emergency need or to help prevent a major disaster from occurring. Annual Global Cost of Natural Disasters 1948-2003  D. Globally, an event must meet at least one of the following criteria to be classified as a natural disaster: economic loss of $50 million insured loss of 25 million, 10 fatalities, 50 injured or 2,000 homes or structures damaged. Worldwide disasters during 2011 cost as much as $435 billion. In total, $107 billion of that cost was insured, according to the Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report for 2011, which was published by Impact Forecasting. Overall, the top-10 disasters around the world during the year comprised more than 80 percent of the total damage costs. Total insured losses were over two and a half times the losses from 2010 - which in turn were almost double the losses from 2009. In 2013, there were 296 separate natural disaster events that produced total economic losses of $192 billion  four percent below the 10-year average of $200 billion, but above the average 259 events. The natural disasters caused total insured losses of $45 billion  their lowest since 2009 and 22 percent below the 10-year average of $58 billion. In a reversal from 2012, the largest global events of 2013 were heavily concentrated in Europe and Asia, rather than in the United States. However, despite just 16 percent of all economic losses occurring in the U.S., the country accounted for 45 percent of all insured losses globally due to its greater insurance penetration. Flood events accounted for 35 percent of all global economic losses during the year, which marked their highest percentage of aggregate losses since 2010. Notable events included major flooding in Central Europe, Indonesia, the Philippines, China, and Australia. Meanwhile, severe drought conditions contributed to billion-dollar losses in Brazil, China, New Zealand, and the U.S. The number of human fatalities caused by natural disasters in 2013 was approximately 21,250; eight of the top ten events occurring in Asia. The other two events occurred in Africa. Although 2013 saw a notable uptick in natural disaster-related fatalities from those sustained in 2012, that number was 81% lower than the 2003-2012 average of 109,000. Although 2013 saw a notable uptick in natural disaster-related fatalities from those sustained in 2012, that number was 81% lower than the 2003-2012 average of 109,000. In the last ten years, major singular events (such as earthquakes in Haiti (2010), China (2008), and Indonesia (2004), Cyclone Nargis landfall in Myanmar (2008), and the major heatwave in Europe (2003) have skewed the annual average. E. To stop hostile manmade causes of global warming the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques of 1977 and Law of the Sea of 1982 must be upheld under Arson on special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States 18USC81 a crime of provision of material support to terrorism 18USC2332A(a). Subsidies for slash and burn forest labor and logging need to be abolished. Slash piles and fire ladders to arson the forest must be dismantled to prevent kerosene from causing the forest fires that cause triple digit summer heat that melts the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978. Non-emergency rescue use of the new Coast Guard ice-breaker must be regulated under the Polar Code of January 1, 2017. Hostile oceanic warming pumps are believed to cause drought and intensify hurricanes and natural weather oscillations. Oil railcars converted to have been extinguished by the Styrene Information and Research Center (SIRC) and cabled out with magnet by Dutch Navy for the benefit of news meteorology in 2004. Oceanic cooling pumps can prevent hurricanes by reducing water temperature below 80 F US under Patent No. (2002) 0008155 and US Patent No. (2008) 0175728 A1. The only peaceful purpose of oceanic heating pumps is to generate winds blowing in the direction of oceanic cooling pumps patented in 2012 by AS Trust & Holdings US Patent R441A by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, closer to the coast, to make clouds to be seeded by Rainmaking US Patent No. (1966) 3,429,507 that can cause flooding if trees aren't removed from waterways. Because of liability for flooding, rain theft and exposure to experimental chemicals; rainmaking and oceanic heating and cooling pumps should only be used to extinguish forest fires and in response to severe prolonged drought and should not be used all the time and be turned off when not in use. It is proposed that the United States Navy extinguish and remove by cable and magnet all hostile oceanic warming pumps from the international waters that are detected. 78 Education A. The original Department of Education was created in 1867 to collect information on schools and teaching that would help the States establish effective school systems and recreated in the Department of Education Re-organization Act of May 4, 1980 under 20USC3508. The Department of Education Appropriations Act (DEAA), 2017, provides $68.2 billion in discretionary funding FY 17, a decrease of $67.6 million, or 0.1%, below the FY16 level of $68.3 billion and a decrease of $1.1 billion, or 1.6% below $69.4 billion FY 17 budget request. This is all the punishment ED is due for the Pell Grant subsidy of FY 15 that has fallen off the three-year projection and possibly didn't cost the General Fund anything. The FY 18 request proposes to cut ED outlays to $59 billion, -13.5% less than the $68.2 billion appropriated by DEAA 17. The FY18 request proposes to justify cutting $4.4 billion Federal investment in Elementary and Secondary Education Administration (EASA) programs by eliminating funding for 13 programs totaling $3.9 billion that are duplicative, ineffective, or more appropriately supported through State, local, or private funding sources. It proposes to reduce education outlays from the $62.9 billion total to $60.0 billion with a $2.9 billion cancellation from Pell cary-over fund. The overview table in the FY budget is not divided into EASA and Post-secondary, is indeterminate in regards to EASA, underreports post-secondary costs by $4 billion and the Excel table for all outlays are mislabeled Education and Secondary. The collaboration between the Secretary and US Marshall seems to be winning the psychological war to close schools to the rampage shootings of Congress at the expense of the accuracy of both Justice and Education Department budget definitions of agency under 31USC101. ED $68.2 billion FY 17 + 2.5% growth  zero proven abolitions = $69.9 billion discretionary budget authority  zero undistributed offsetting receipts = $69.9 ED FY 18 outlays. Education Department Outlays FY15 - FY18 (million) Program FY 16FY 17FY 18FY 18 2.5%ESEA38,19138,03734,44838,987Post-secondary30,11730,20228,44130,957Total Outlays68,30768,23962,88969,944OMB 68,50673,66975,866 75,866Source: ED FY 17 & 18 Budget, Department of Education Appropriations Act FY 17 1. The Department s Budget also includes mandatory funds. In general, mandatory funding does not require an annual appropriation because authorizing legislation establishes a fixed funding level or a method for calculating automatic appropriations without further congressional action. The largest mandatory programs in the Department's Budget are federally subsidized loans for postsecondary students, the costs of which are estimated based on assumptions about the cost of Federal borrowing, loan volume, origination fees, repayments, and defaults. Most of the Department s 100-plus programs are funded through discretionary appropriation acts enacted each fiscal year. It is good that these programs are reviewed and inferior products are abolished to reduce spending. However, there are many education programs some of them large that are funded directly through their authorizing statutes. For many budgeting purposes, these programs are classified as mandatory. The Direct Loan program is the largest mandatory program in the Department. The Direct Loan program will make an estimated $96.9 billion in loans to postsecondary students and their families in fiscal year 2016. In total, discretionary and mandatory funding would make available $193.1 billion in aid to education in fiscal year 2018, of which $134.2 billion would fund new postsecondary grants, loans, and work-study assistance to help an estimated 12.2 million students and their families pay for postsecondary education and training. 2. Secretary John B. King Jr. put in an extra row on- mandatory Pell Grant to try to demystify why spending was $10 billion less than reported by OMB and produced stable growth since the subsidy in FY15. He led 300 economists and 600 churches to petition the White House to legalize marijuana and reduce Justice Department outlays $10 billion by abolishing the FBI, DEA, Interagency Drug and Crime Task Force, and colonial justice assistance grants under the Slavery Convention of 1926. The new ED Secretary and US Marshall seem to mistakenly wish to steal $10 billion from the $69 billion that is lawfully due ED programs FY 18 with 2.5% growth from the $68.2 billion authorized by the DEAA 17; anything less constitutes deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. The ED Budget Summary for FY 2017 reported that in the Fiscal Year 2017 Education Budget the Administration requests $69.4 billion in discretionary appropriations for the Department of Education in 2017, an increase of $1.3 billion, or 2 percent, over the 2016 level. In total, discretionary and mandatory funding would make available $209 billion in aid to education in fiscal year 2017, of which $139.7 billion is new postsecondary grants, loans, and work-study assistance an increase of $42 billion, or 43 percent, over the amount available in 2008 to help an estimated 12.1 million students and their families pay for postsecondary education and training. 3. ED FY 18 budget cuts to $59 billion, exceed proof, $70 billion FY 18 budget authority  0 proven abolitions = $70 FY 18 discretionary budget authority - 0 undistributed offsetting receipts = $70 billion ED FY 18. Justice FY 18 budget levies war for the DEA and is non-committal on-budget improvement whose copied subtotals were obviously subjected to double jeopardy and must re-entered manually to add-up in a Microsoft Word table before publishing in .pdf. The President does not seem to understand that undistributed offsetting receipts are unspent funds that are returned to the agency at the end of the year to reduce costs to the General Fund that would earn a >$100 billion surplus FY 18 except that FBI and DEA screened federal officials can't do the math required by law. Proposing the ED Secretary, in legal custody of the US Marshall, steal $10 billion from the Department of Education to perpetuate a $10 billion levy for drug war in Justice and finance foreign war in Defense departments must be overruled in its infancy as advocacy of the overthrow of the government by use of force under 18USC2385 before deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246 warrants conviction of treason under 18USC2381 and theft and bribery of government programs under 18USC666 like DEAA 17 suggests. Education statute has long needed to abolish enforcement under the Slavery Convention of 1926 (1) 'enforcement of Section 111' at 20USC112 needs to be repealed under the 21st Amendment and, (2) the words 'enforcement of' must be removed from the caption of Part 1200 of Title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations so that it states, Nondiscrimination on the basis of Handicap in programs or activities conducted by the National Council on Disability at the end of Education statute 34CFR1200.170, and (3) General Definitions of the Office of Museum and Library Services at 20USC9101(1) replaced with (1) No stalking in the library 18USC2261A. 4. ED and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have long needed to stabilize federal education outlay growth at 2.5-3% annually. More than most agencies, ED must reconcile ED budget and OMB ED on-budget spending estimates to reduce historical deficits and national debt under Art. 2(2) of the United States Constitution. The boom and bust cycle of ED budget proposals is a vicious cycle of crime and punishment that must be stabilized at 2.5-3% growth. Accountants should aim for 3% growth for EASA programs because education is traditionally considered an in-kind welfare program and child poverty is running at 22-33% and 2.5% for higher education because annual tuition inflation above 2.5% must be redressed. OMB estimates education spending of $103.3 billion in 2015, $68.5 billion in 2016 and $73.7 billion in 2017. This is a difference of $15 billion in 2015, - $10 billion in 2016, and $5.8 billion in 2017. It can be estimated that OMB ED budget has a margin of error of 17% in 2015, 12.7% in 2016 and 7.3% in 2017. 2015 ED 'discretionary' spending was $67.9 billion, in 2016 $68.3 billion, and in 2017 is projected to be $69.4 billion. In 2015 ED 'mandatory' spending is reported to be $20.4 billion, before going down to $10.2 billion in 2016 and $10.1 billion in 2017. Adding discretionary and mandatory spending brings total education spending to $88.3 billion in 2015, $78.5 billion in 2016 and $79.5 billion in 2017. OMB overestimated FY 15 ED outlays that took into consideration a one-time $10 billion Pell Grant subsidy. 1973 and 1974 seem to be the only years that positive ED spending growth was reported by OMB to be less than 3%. OMB Estimated Federal Education Spending Growth 1962-2020 (millions) Year196219631964OMB Estimate816985973% Annual Growth17.2%-1.2%19651966196719681969197019711,1522,4163,5964,0723,9904,5945,09915.5%52.3%32.8%11.9%-2%13.1%9.8%19721973197419751976197719785,5375,7095,7477,3317,8978,7179,8287.9%3%0.7%21.6%7.2%9.4%11.3%197919801981198219831984198512,16714,61216,97314,70714,43315,42416,59619.2%16.7%13.9%-15.4%-1.9%6.4%7.1%198619871988198919901991199217,57716,67018,14521,46822,97225,19625,8325.6%-5.4%8.1%15.5%6.5%8.8%2.5%199319941995199619971998199930,10924,55731,20529,72730,00931,29431,285200020012002200320042005200633,47635,52346,37357,14562,78072.85893,3686.5%5.8%23.4%18.9%9%13.8%22%200720082009201020112012201366,37265,96353,38993,74365,48457,24940,910-40.7%-0.6%-23.6%43.1%-43.2%-14.4%-39.9%201420152016201720182019202059,610103,28868,50673,66980,85288,42694,97131.4%42.3%-50.8%7%8.9%8.6%6.9%Source: OMB Table 4.1 (2015) 5. Over the past 30 years, average per-pupil expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools have nearly doubled, rising from $3,367 in 1970 to $6,584 in 2000 to over $11,100 today. 3.3% average annual growth. Only a little bit more than the stable 3% rate of growth that is wanted for elementary and secondary education explained by local tax levies. The average private school tuition nationwide, according to a 1996 Cato Institute study, was $3,116, with 67 percent of all private elementary and secondary schools charging $2,500 or less. Total K-12 federal, state, and local spending for Education, both public and private, climbed to over $420 billion for the 2000-2001 school year. The National Center for Education Statistics Public Elementary and Secondary School Districts: School Year 2012-2013 (Fiscal Year 2013) reported in  HYPERLINK "http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2015/2015303.pdf"January 2016, the national median of total revenues per pupil was $11,745 in FY 13, which represents a decrease of 1.8 percent from FY 12, after adjusting for inflation. The national median of current expenditures per pupil was $10,047 in FY 13, a decrease of 0.5 percent from FY 12. States with the highest median current expenditures per pupil in FY 13 included Alaska ($26,476), New York ($19,073), District of Columbia ($17,953), Wyoming ($16,872), New Jersey ($16,379), Connecticut ($16,204), and Rhode Island ($14,379). On a national basis, in the absence of any geographic cost adjustment median current expenditures per pupil were $9,353 in cities, $11,041 in suburbs, $9,214 in towns, and $10,347 in rural areas. In FY 13 school districts received $55.1 billion from the federal government for public elementary and secondary education, which represents a decrease of 10.7 percent from 61.7 billion received in FY 12, after adjusting for inflation. In FY 13 Title I funds accounted for $14.2 billion or 25.8 percent of federal revenues for education, special education programs received $11.2 billion or 20.4 percent, child nutrition programs accounted for $14 billion or 25.4 percent, and Impact Aid funds accounted for 1.5 billion or 2.8 percent. On a national basis, $224.6 billion or 37.0 percent of total revenues for public and elementary secondary school districts were derived from local property taxes and parent government contributions in FY 13. The percentage of revenues derived from local property taxes and parent government contributions exceeded 50 percent in 5 states, fell between 40 and 50 percent in 14 states, fell between 20 and 40 percent in 23 states, and fell below 20 percent in 9 states. Funds are typically determined by enrollment. The weighted student formula allows money to follow students to the schools they choose while guaranteeing that schools with harder-to-educate kids (low-income students, language learners, low achievers) get more funds. B. Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education under Art. 13(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966. For every dollar devoted to college instruction, the amount spent on administration has increased over the years from 19 cents in 1929 to 33 cents in 1959-60 to almost 50 cents by the end of the century. University presidents often command multi-million salaries the school can ill-afford resulting in tuition hikes, faculty cuts and ultimately cheaper, more academically motivated Presidents. From 1982-84 to 2010, college tuition and fees (unadjusted for inflation) rose by 439 percent, health-care costs increased by 251 percent, median faculty incomes grew by 147 percent, and the consumer price index climbed by 106 percent. Between 1978 and 2008 middle-income families saw their income grow only 15 percent, while families in the top 20 percent saw their incomes rise by 52 percent and families in the top 5 percent enjoyed a 78 percent increase. The amount that colleges charge varies widely from an average of only $2,960 at public community colleges in 2011-12 to $28,500 at private four-year colleges. Colleges themselves spent $29.7 billion on scholarships during the academic year 2010-11. The federal government provided $33.9 billion more in grants, while state governments added another $9.1 billion. Today more than two-thirds of all undergraduates receive some sort of financial aid. In addition to more than $90 billion provided from all sources in 2011-12 for undergraduate scholarships, parents received another $13.4 billion in tax credits, and students were able to obtain some $70 billion in federal student loans, bringing the total amount of financial support to well over $170 billion a year. By 2009 the average college senior had accumulated college debts averaging $24,000. 1. The Department of Education has to limit college tuition inflation and academic research and grant funding to 2.5% per year, with a care for excessive executive compensation of many univerity presidents. Although elementary and secondary education are due 3% growth, due to the regressive inflation in college tuition funding growth for higher education needs to be limited until The Department of Education has issued regulations requiring institutions to meet at least one of the following three standards in order to be eligible to receive federal financial aid: (1) at least 35 percent of former students must be repaying loans (at least one dollar in the past year), (2) annual loan repayments must not exceed 30 percent of a typical graduate's discretionary income, and (3) annual repayments must not exceed 12 percent of a typical graduate's earnings. 55% of US higher education financing comes from private sources and the US has advantages in diversity and finance. Counting all forms of support, expenditures on higher education in this country amount to 2.4% of national income. American academic institutions are more competitive amongst each other than in other nations, their rivalries extend to attracting students, recruiting faculty, raising money and intercollegiate sports. Since 1980 state officials have granted a steadily diminishing share of state appropriations  from 9.8 percent in 1980 to 6.9 percent in 2000. The recession of 2008 led to more drastic cuts, resulting in unacceptably high levels of inflation in the price of tuition and executive compensation. 2. Higher education in the United States has grown to become a vast enterprise comprising some 4,500 different colleges and universities, more than 20 million students, 1.4 million faculty members and aggregate annual expenditures exceeding $400 billion. Schools range from tiny colleges numbering a few hundred students to huge universities with enrollments exceeding 50,000. There are approximately 200 research institutions that account for a large majority of the PhDs awarded, most the degrees in law and medicine, and more than a quarter of all the students in the entire system. Professional schools have experienced remarkable growth over the past several decades. Since 1951-52 the number of students attending two year American business schools has risen more than fiftyfold, resulting in 177,000 master's degrees awarded in 2010. Law school enrollments have likewise increased many times over, with nearly 50,000 matriculants in the fall of 2009. The ranks of medical students have grown more slowly due to rising costs only partially offset by National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding. In the 1950s and 60s almost the entire graduating class at leading schools consisted of white males. Today, up to half of all medical students are women, as are at least 40 percent of the students in law and more than one-third in business. Whereas only 2.4 percent of graduating medical students were African-American in 1971-72, 6.9 percent received MD degrees in 2007-8. Blacks constituted 7.3 percent of law school students in 2008. Business schools have lagged behind other professional schools, with the total number of blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans combined often making up less than 10 percent of enrollments in leading schools. The average debt of graduating MDs is now over $150,000, as debt loads have increased, the percentage of medical students from the lowest income quintile has declined, although even in its best times, it never exceeded 5.5 percent. In contrast 55 percent of medical students in 2005 came from families with income sin the highest quintile. Law school tuition rose rapidly since the late 1980s. From 1987 to 2009 the average charge per year at public law schools for instate students jumped from $2,398 to $18,472. At private law schools, the average increase went from $8,911 to $35,743. In several leading schools tuitions top $50,000. Almost 90 percent of all law students borrow to pay for their legal education and the average debt per graduating student has reached almost $70,000 for public and more than $100,000 for private law schools, $150,000 for medical school. C. 25% of the world population is enrolled in school. In 2004, about 1.3 billion students were enrolled in schools around the world. Of these students, 685 million were in elementary-level programs, 503 million were in secondary programs, and 132 million were in higher education programs. 70-100 million people attend school in the United States. In 2006, 79.1 million people aged 3 and older were enrolled in school in the United States. Of the total, 8.9 million were enrolled in nursery school, preschool, or kindergarten, 4 million in kindergarten, more than one half, 49.8 million, of the enrolled population in 2006 was enrolled in grades 1 through 12 - 15.8 million in grades 1-7. 16.5 million in grades 5-8. 17.5 million in grades 9-12. In 2000 the nation had nearly 15,000 school districts supervising 92,012 public elementary and secondary schools and 27,223 private elementary and secondary schools, and 5,000 charter schools, with more than 50 million students in attendance. Approximately 47 million children attend public elementary and secondary schools, 5.9 million attend private schools. A steadily increasing percentage of children, 3.4%, 1.7 million children were homeschooled in 2012. Public schools employ more than 3.1 million full-time teachers. The pupil per teacher ratio is 16.1. The average teacher salary for a public school teacher in 2001 was $43.3k, starting at $30k. A total of 20.5 million were enrolled in college or graduate school. 17.1 million were in undergraduate school. 3.4 million were in graduate school in more than 7,400 institutions of higher education who employed 3.9 million employees in fall 2011. More than 1.1 million college professors are paid anywhere from $50k to $158k per year, but median earnings come to around $89k per year. 1. According to the Department of Education, of every 100 students who begin ninth grade, only 75 graduate from high school, only 51 enter college, and only 29 actually graduate. 80 percent of high school graduates enter college at some point in their life although certificate completion rates are much lower. Only 32 percent of all students who enter high school and fewer than half of all high school graduates are capable of succeeding at a four-year college. A larger number of students are qualified to attend community colleges which currently educate over 40 percent of all students entering postsecondary institutions. At estimated 25 percent of the young people coming to four year colleges and as many as 58 percent of those entering community colleges require remedial study before they can begin taking regular courses. 61 percent of remedial writing students pass, as do 71 percent of remedial reading students, but only 30 percent succeed in remedial math. By 2011 the median annual income for adults holding college degrees reached $54,000 compared with $32,600 for those with only high school diplomas. As of November 2010, Americans with a BA degree or higher had a labor market participation rate of 76.6 percent and unemployment rate of 4.4 percent compared with a participation rate of only 61.1 percent and an unemployment rate of 10 percent with only a high school diploma and no college. Of capable students from rich families who finished high school in 1991, 86 percent began post-secondary instruction, whereas only 52 percent of low-income students and 62 percent of middle-income students had entered a college within two years of graduating from high school. From 1980 to 2000 the share of high school graduates who completed college within eight years declined from 50.5 percent to 45.9 percent. 2. Evidence from a number of recent studies clearly suggests that students complete 12 or 13 years of public schooling and can demonstrate only a superficial understanding of the concepts, relationships, and procedural strategies fundamental to the subjects they have studies. They can graduate from college without ever developing competence in thinking Specialization has its drawbacks and a study of twenty-four thousand undergraduates revealed that majoring in engineering was associated with declines in writing ability, cultural awareness and political civic participation; that education majors became less proficient in problem solving, critical thinking and general knowledge; and that science majors wrote less well as seniors than they had as freshmen and were less inclined to participate in civic affairs. Nonetheless the goals and progress estimates of Freshman-to Senior gain in the 1990s are telling  critical thinking 0.50, reflective judgment (use of reason to address ill-structured problems) 0.90, English  reading and writing 0.77, math  quantitative skills 0.55, science 0.62, history, social science 0.73, decline in authoritarianism, dogmatism 0.70-.90, decline in ethnocentrism 0.40, moral reasoning 0.77. Although some of the gains made during the undergraduate years cannot be attributed to education, they would have occurred anyway through normal processes of maturation, it is estimated that the progress in critical thinking and reflective judgment remains largely unchanged, but that gains in writing and reading diminish by more than half, those involving mathematics and quantitive skills drop by 40 percent, and those attributable to science, history and social science shrink by approximately one-third. Professional career aside, the virtue of undergraduate higher education is summed up in the fact that several state studies have proven that a post-conviction Bachelor degree prevents recidivism 100% of the time, associate degrees 25%, vocational certificate 50% , that normally runs at 66% of people released from a state prison are re-incarcerated for the commission of a felony within 3 years, recidivism in federal prison is 9%. 3. Of an estimated $1.15 trillion being spent nationwide on education at all levels for school year 2012-2013, a substantial majority will come from State, local, and private sources. This is especially true at the elementary and secondary level, where about 92 percent of the funds will come from non-Federal sources. That means the Federal contribution to elementary and secondary education is about 8 percent, which includes funds not only from the Department of Education (ED) but also from other Federal agencies, such as the Department of Health and Human Services' Head Start program and the Department of Agriculture's School Lunch program. At $11,100 per pupil spending the United States has the second highest level of education spending in the world. After slumping 1996-2000 graduation rates are at an all-time high 82 percent. African-Americans dropout rates cut by 45 percent. Latino dropout rates cut in half, from 28 to 14 percent. In 2009 there were 2,000 high school that were  dropout factories . Today, that s down to 1,000. With high school graduation rates up, and dropout rates down, there are more than 1.1 million additional students of color, not just graduating from high school, but going on to college. The progress is real. The growth rate is however not competitive with any other industrialized nation, or happily developing nation, where child poverty is steadily reduced from progressive social policies. To improve international rankings on international competency tests the United States must reverse its growing rates of child poverty, in excess of 20%, the highest of any industrialized nation. Rich American school districts need to balance their budgets and support student welfare through food banks, staffed by student volunteers, showers, laundry and other programs of in-kind welfare. Teachers, already insured for old age under Title I of the Social Security Act, need to consider contributing to the disability insurance trust fund themselves. The plan to end poverty by 2020 prioritizes the payment the families of all poor children Supplemental Security Income (SSI) when the rich are taxed. 79 Energy A. The Department of Energy was created by the U.S. Department of Energy Organization Act (Public Law 95-91) on August 4, 1977, centralizing the responsibilities of the Federal Energy Administration, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Federal Power Commission and other energy-related government programs in a Cabinet level department. The DOE FY 18 budget is requesting $28.0 billion a reduction of $1.6 billion, -5.4%, from FY 17 levels of $29.7 billion. DOE requested $32.5 billion FY17, a 9.7% increase of $2.9 billion from FY 16 Enacted level of $29.6 billion, that was overruled at $30.4 billion by OMB and limited to $29.7 billion by DOE FY 17, 0.3% growth. 9.7% energy spending growth is too high, 0.3% is too low to regulate 2.7% inflation with 2.5% agency outlay growth; local electricity rates have already risen. The low income energy programs (LIEP) has finally been abolished and the energy position might deteriorate further if DOE reduces energy science spending FY 18 if the vain new management doesn't declare $3 billion undistributed offsetting receipts from a $30.3 billion FY 18 budget authority. Furthermore the 15.7% increase in weapons activity outlays from $8.8 billion must be limited to 2.5% growth of $200 million to not more than $9.0 billion to avoid conviction of treason under 18USC2381 to begin to redress the frequent destruction of an energy facility under 18USC1366 as a crime of distinctly Republican provision of material support to terrorists under 18USC2339A with up to a total of $4.2 billion undistributed offsetting receipts out of $30.3 billion FY 18 DOE budget. Energy Department Budget by Organization FY15- FY18 (billions) FY15FY16FY17FY 18FY18 2.5%Total Outlays27.029.129.727.330.3National Nuclear Security Administration11.412.512.813.913.1Science and Energy8.79.59.76.59.9Credit Programs0.020.020.01500.015Management and Performance6.46.26.36.56.5Corporate Management0.070.060.070.0760.05Other Programs0.40.430.430.430.44Federal Energy Regulatory Commission-0.017-0.024-0.009-0.009-0.009Loan Subsidy0-0.068-0.067-0.150-0.0Total Outlays27.029.129.727.330.3OMB 25.427.430.430.230.2Source: Energy Department Budget-in-brief. Office of the Chief Financial Officer. February 2016 pg. 10, OMB FY 2017 1. A study of twenty-four thousand undergraduates revealed that majoring in engineering was associated with declines in writing ability, cultural awareness and political civic participation. The Low-Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEP) can be abolished whereas it is reported to have expired in 2007. LIEP was so toxic only Democrats could tolerate the unprofessional health and human services intervention into confidential electrical engineering toleration of inflation and terrorist Republican destruction of an energy facility under 18USC1366. DOE is advised to create a welfare program at little or no cost to the General fund, whereby energy corporations would contribute an affordable percentage of their utility receipts into a fund for low income consumers to tolerate reasonable rates of inflation in their electricity bill, along more local lines than the free government cell phone and Federal Communication Commission (FCC) that has been cut back due to minor State Department cuts to the Board of Governors of the Communication Commission. After the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) pipeline rerouting decision of September 2016 was trespassed by out-of-state oil industry riot police Standing Rock Reservation was reported to have the most reduced life-expectancy in the nation and is due a crudely estimated $100 million compensation from the pipeline company as a policy statement regarding the principle of non-use of force on consultation with Indian tribes in Commission proceedings under 18CFR2.1c and/or the Interior Department must pay Standing Rock Reservation FY 18. 80 Environmental Protection Agency A. Since the first Earth Day on April 22, 1970 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been working for a cleaner, healthier environment for the American people. EPA employs 17,000 people across the country, including our headquarters offices in Washington, DC, 10 regional offices, and more than a dozen labs. The mission of the EPA is to protect human health and the environment. The EPA works to develop and enforce regulations that implement environmental laws enacted by Congress. EPA is responsible for researching and setting national standards for a variety of environmental programs. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FY 2017 budget upheld both the 2.5% annual average growth rate and UN Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. Best accountant in the Cabinet FY 17. The EPA s FY 2018 Annual Performance Plan and Budget of $5.655 billion is $2 billion below the FY 2017 Annualized Continuing Resolution (ACR) funding level for the EPA of $8.3 billion. EPA's $8,267 million FY 2017 is administrated Goal 1: Addressing Climate Change and Improving Air Quality - $1,132 million, 13.7%. Goal 2 Protecting America's Waters - $3,746 million, 45.3%. Goal 3: Cleaning up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development - $1,910 million, 23.1%. Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution - $680 million, 8.2%. Goal 5: Protecting Human Health and the Environment by Enforcing Laws and Ensuring Compliance - $800 million, 9.7%. EPA budget appropriations are expected to continue perfect 2.5% growth to $8.5 billion FY18; any proven abolitions shall be expressed as undistributed offsetting receipts at year end. EPA Budget by Appropriation FY 16  FY 18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18 Pres.FY 18 2.5%Agency Total8,140 8,2245,6568,451Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 160202,795Corticosteroid inhaler ozone exemption 0Agency Report8,1408,2445,6558,430OMB8,3408,6937,8707,870Science & Technology735733451751Environmental Program & Management2,6352,6301,7172,696Inspector General42423843Building and Facilities42424043Inland Oil Spill Programs18181518.5Hazardous Substance Superfund1,0941,0927621,119Leaking Underground Storage Tanks 92924894State and Tribal Assistance Grants3,5183,6122,9343,702Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program (WIFIA)0202020.5E-Manifest4404.1Cancellations-40-40-369-40FTEs15,41611,61115,570Source: EPA Budget FY18 1. EPA FTEs have declined from a high of 17,417 in 2010 to a low of 15,335 in 2015 and is now rising at an average annual rate of 2.6% to 15,416 in 2017. This is too fast. EPA got 2.5% outlay growth right. However, to avoid rejection in the future, new hire growth is expected to grow at the stately pace of 0.9% to afford a 1.6% pay raise. The Administrator must stand trial for 3,805 counts of attempted deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246 for his unprofessional plan to reduce EPA FTEs from 15,416 to 11,611 and cut spending from the appropriate rate of $8.5 billion to $5.7 billion and $2.8 billion undistributed offsetting receipts. The former state attorney general's robbery of the EPA's model 2.5% growth budget constitutes a terrorist attempt to affect the conduct, climate change science and budget of the United States Government by coercion under 31CFR50.5 and 18USC2331. It is highly offensive that an attorney general would be so anarchist as to advocate to overthrow the government under 18USC2385. It is the inferior authority for employment of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Senior Executive Service under 5USC3151-3152 that is due for a force reduction under 5CFR351.803. After repeated checking there seems to be a $20 million error in the addition of total EPA spending FY17 in the FY 18 EPA budget, to fulfill the misdemeanor requirement for impeachment under Arts. 2(4) of the US Constitution and UN Charter. The President is not competent to uphold treaty obligations pertaining to carbon emissions because the Secretary's only qualification is that he doesn't believe in climate change treaties. To abolish slash and burn forest labor, extinguish and remove oceanic hydrocarbon heating pumps a Bureau of Land Management climate change program was protected as an $18 million bond regarding arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC81. B. There is concern that the United States may suffer environmental damage if industrial pollution is deregulated and clean energy unsubsidized. Since passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) in 1990, nationwide air quality has improved significantly. From 2003 to 2014, population-weighted ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter and ozone have decreased 29 percent and 18 percent, respectively. However, even with this progress, in 2014, approximately 57 million people in the U.S. lived in counties with air that did not meet health-based standards for at least one pollutant. Outdoor and indoor allergens and irritants play a significant role in making asthma worse and triggering asthma attacks. Over 23 million Americans currently have asthma, which annually accounts for over 500,000 hospitalizations, more than 10 million missed school days, and over $50 billion in economic costs. In addition, radon is the leading environmental cause of cancer mortality in North America, causing an estimated 21,000 lung cancer deaths annually in the U.S. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), established under authorities contained in the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), is responsible for protecting human health and the environment from risks associated with chemicals with endocrine bioactivity. Under this program, the EPA has introduced groundbreaking new technologies alternative techniques that use computational toxicology (CompTox) to predict endocrine effects using computer models allowing the agency to move from screening dozens of chemicals per year to up to 1,000 per year, while moving away from animal testing. The test screens chemicals based on potential endocrine bioactivity and exposure related to the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid hormone pathways in humans and wildlife. 1. On August 3, 2015, the EPA finalized rules that will lower carbon pollution from existing fossil fuel- fired power plants and guidelines to help the states develop their plans for meeting their individual goals. The standards for existing sources will result in carbon pollution from the power sector that is 32 percent lower by 2030 (compared to 2005 emission levels). In 2013, the electricity sector was the largest source of U.S. GHG emissions, accounting for about one-third of the U.S. total. The national program of fuel economy and GHG standards for model year 2012 through 2025 light-duty and heavy- duty vehicles will save American consumers about $1.7 trillion, decrease the nation s fuel consumption by over 12 billion barrels of oil and prevent 6.3 billion metric tons of GHG emissions over the lifetimes of the affected vehicles and commercial trucks sold through model year 2025, an FY 2014-2015 Agency Priority Goal. In model year 2025, the EPA and NHTSA standards will require average fuel economy for cars and light trucks of approximately 54.5 miles to the gallon, a significant increase from the model year 2014 average of 31.8 miles to the gallon. The EPA also will continue to implement the Renewable Fuels program, which requires an increasing percentage of vehicle fuel sold in the U.S. to be from renewable sources. The stratospheric ozone program implements the provisions of the CAAA and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol). Under the CAAA and the Montreal Protocol, the EPA is authorized to control and reduce ozone depleting substances (ODS) in the U.S., and to contribute to the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund. As of January 1, 2015, ODS production and imports was capped at 1,524 ODP-weighted metric tons, which is 10 percent of the U.S. baseline under the Montreal Protocol (ODP weighted means that the metric tons of different substances are weighted by ozone depleting potential). In 2020, all production and import will be phased out except for exempted amounts. Corticosteroid inhalers must be exempt. 81 Executive Office of the President A. Annual spending by the White House is reported in the Executive Office of the President row of White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) historical table 4.1 Outlays by Agency. OMB Historical Tables reports that Executive Office of the President spending has normalized after a wartime high of $7.7 billion FY 2005 to an estimated $409 million FY 17 going down to $404 million FY 18. The Executive Office of the President congressional budget justification however reports a much higher total level of spending of $761 million FY 17 and $755 million FY 18 because of $379 million FY 17 and $360 million FY 18 attributed to the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). Subtracting the cost of ONDCP from the total brings the budget slightly below the level reported in the FY 17 Historical Tables $382 million FY 17 to $386 FY 18. The President is cautioned by the Monroe Doctrine regarding the conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country under 18USC956 that offends the Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) No. 2017/11 9 March 2017. Vacation security needs to abolish the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) by final decision of the Executive Office of the President congressional budget justification for the next fiscal year. The Paperwork Reduction Act needs the ONDCP outlay row to be deleted from all future EOP FY budget under 44USC3508. ONDCP 74 FTEs FY 17 or 65 FY 18 should be given 60 days notice of force reduction under 5CFR351.803 and Slavery Convention of 1926. ONDCP funding must abolished because the levy for drug war is treason under 18USC2381 and tampering with a witness is a violent crime under 18USC1512 that together constitute grounds for impeachment under Art. 2(4) of the US Constitution. Vacation security it is. ONDCP funds $379 million FY 17 and $360 million FY 18 are added to the Office of Administration, to pay for vacation security and undistributed offsetting receipts, on top of 95.9 million FY 17 and their easy to add $100 million FY 18. No undistributed offsetting receipts can be estimated for the Executive Office of the President FY 17- FY 18. OMB Historical Tables should report total outlays of $761 million FY 17 and $755 million FY 18 exactly as they do in the EOP FY justification. Executive Office of the President Budget and FTEs FY 17- FY 18 (thousands of dollars) FY 17FY 17 FTEsFY 18 FY 18 FTEsCompensation of the President450450450450White House54,89645055,000450Executive Residence12,6999612,91796White House Repair and Restoration 749750Office of Administration 475,068240468,587242National and Homeland Security Councils12,7766813,50070Council of Economic Advisors4,187284,18728Special Assistance to the President 4,2204,288Office of the Vice-President2982530225Office of Management and Budget94,819465103,000495Office of National Drug Control Policy379,13574368,58765Office of Science and Technology Policy5,544335,54433Office of the US Trade Representative 54,39623057,600238Council on Environmental Quality2,994242,99424Information Technology Oversight and Reform 29,94314325,000166Administrative Support 7,5820Unanticipated Needs798798EOP Grand Total761,4191,876754,917 1,932OMB EOP Est.409,000404,000Source: Executive Office of the President Congressional Budget Justification FY 2018, OMB Historical Tables FY 17 1. OMB derives its basic authority from Title 31 of the U.S. Code, based on provisions originally enacted in the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, as amended. This Act provided the first comprehensive national budget system and established the Bureau of the Budget (the Bureau), the precursor to OMB, in the Department of the Treasury. The Act called for the Bureau to assemble and correlate, as well as recommend changes to, the requests for appropriations of the Executive Branch. The Bureau was further authorized to make detailed administrative studies that would help in securing greater economy and efficiency in the conduct of the public service. The Bureau moved from the Department of the Treasury to the Executive Office of the President in 1939 and was reorganized into OMB by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970. FY 18 budget estimate for all components, including programs, within the EOP is $754,917,000, which represents a decrease of $6,502,000, or 0.9 percent, from the FY 2017 estimated level. The President must submit his budget contents to Congress in the first week of January to first week of February under 31USC(11)1105(a). The President must submit any supplemental or additional budgeting changes and re-appraisements to Congress before July 16th of every year whereby 30 September appropriations occur for the next fiscal year beginning 1 October under 31USC1106. B. When a new President of the United States moves into the White House, he enters a dwelling that is home, office and goldfish bowl all in one. Every President arrives at the Executive Mansion with fresh hopes and ambitions. The Secret Service has been responsible for the safety of the President since 1901. To get past the 13 gatehouses set at the various entrances, visitors must have a pass or official clearance. Secret Service men guard these posts day and night, and special agents remain close to the President and his family at all times. When the President s House was new, the river flowed much closer to the south grounds. With the felling of trees upstream, the Potomac began to silt up. By the 1840s, reeking mud flats had formed, giving rise to gossip, after President Taylor s death in 1850, that their fumes were responsible. The constant dampness from the stream and the chills and fevers suffered by White House residents, forced various Presidents to flee to rented houses in hot weather. Van Buren leased a summer home in a summer home in nearby Georgetown. Buchanan accepted the loan of a cottage at the Soldiers Home as did Abraham Lincoln, where he wrote the Emancipation Proclamation. The unwholesome swamps were finally drained and filled in the 1890s. Now, to be cool, the sea surface temperature anomaly map indicates that there are oceanic hydrocarbon heating pumps, that need to be found, extinguished and removed by the cable and magnet of an oil tanker or warship, emanating from the Potomac to the Northwest Passage, causing warm temperatures and drought in the Great Plains. Maybe Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve; riot police are fined $100 million to compensate Standing Rock Reservation and slash piles fined $1,000 per kiloton under 24USC154. Trump Trail coast to coast requires written instruments such as cooperative agreements, assistance agreements, volunteer agreements, and memoranda of understanding to formalize National Trail partnerships at the relevant agency level consistent with the National Trail System Act of 1968 under 16USC1246(h)(1). 1. 270 votes to win reports the 2016 elections results - Donald Trump with 304 electoral votes and 62,980,160 popular votes defeated Hillary Clinton with 227 electoral votes and 65,845,063 popular votes. While Clinton received about 2.9 million more votes nationwide, a margin of 2.1% of the total cast, Trump won a victory in the Electoral College, winning 30 states with 306 pledged electors out of 538, and overturned the perennial swing states of Florida, Iowa and Ohio, as well as the "blue wall" of Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections since the 1990s. In the Electoral College vote on December 19, seven electors voted against their pledged candidates: two against Trump and five against Clinton. A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227, while Colin Powell won three, and John Kasich, Ron Paul, Bernie Sanders, and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one. Gary Johnson the Libertarian candidate received 4,488,931 votes, Jill Stein of the Green party 1,457,050 votes and Evan McMullin of the Independent party received 728,830 votes. Trump will be the fifth person in U.S. history to become president despite losing the nationwide popular vote. He will be the first president without any prior experience in public service, while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major American party. 2. Benjamin Harrison's election in 1888 is thought to be a clearcut instance in which the Electoral College vote went contrary to the popular vote. This happened because the incumbent, Democrat Grover Cleveland, ran up huge popular majorities in several of the 18 States which supported him while the Republican challenger, Benjamin Harrison, won only slender majorities in some of the larger of the 20 States which supported him (most notably in Cleveland's home State of New York). Even so, the difference between them was only 110,476 votes out of 11,381,032 cast -- less than 1% of the total. The United States Presidential Election of 1888 was held on November 6, 1888. The tariff was the main issue in the election of 1888. Benjamin Harrison, the Republican candidate, opposed tariff reduction. Neither Cleveland nor the Democratic Party waged a strong campaign. Cleveland's attitude toward the spoils system had antagonized party politicians. His policies on pensions, the currency, and tariff reform had made enemies among veterans, farmers, and industrialists. Even with these enemies, Cleveland had more popular votes than Harrison. However, Harrison received a larger electoral vote and won the election. Benjamin Harrison of the Republican party received 233 electoral college votes and 5,439,853 popular votes. Grover Cleveland of the Democratic party got 168 electoral college votes and 5,540,309 popular votes. 3. The nation has grieved for eight Presidents who died in office  four of them, Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley and Kennedy, at the hands of assassins. William Henry Harrison, candidate of the Whig  Log Cabin and Hard Cider Party, who won the 1940 Presidential election handily. Until Donald Trump was elected President William Harrison, hero of the Indian battle on the Tippecanoe River, was the oldest man ever to achieve the Presidency. At 68,  Old Tippecanoe felt fit enough to ride horseback to the Capitol where, coatless and hatless in icy wind, he delivered the longest inaugural oration in American history. Soon after, he developed a cold that turned into pneumonia. One month after taking office, he was dead. Harrison s wife Anna never reached the Executive Mansion, the only First Lady to miss the experience. In the hushed East Room of the White house, on April 7, 1841, lay the body of William Henry Harrison  the first President to die in office. Among the mourners sat the new President John Tyler. The last half of the catchy campaign slogan  Tippecanoe and Tyler too had become the first Vice-President to move up to the top post as a result of his predecessor s death. President John Tyler is not to be confused with President Zachary Taylor who died 16 months after his inauguration. His wife felt he deserved retirement after 40 years of active military service in the War of 1812. Then, on July 4, 1850, the President sat under a blazing sun at an Independence Day celebration on the grounds of the unfinished Washington Monument. Returning to the White House, he became ill of what was then called cholera morbus  the result, according to legend, of his having consumed quantities of iced milk and raw cherries (or cucumbers depending on the story). In five days he was dead, and handsome, robust, Vice President Millard Fillmore had succeeded to the highest office. B. Presidential privilege is rooted in the separation of powers under the Constitution and United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974). A President is entitled to absolute immunity from damages liability predicated on his official acts. A rule of absolute immunity for the President does not however leave the Nation without sufficient protection against his misconduct. There remains the constitutional remedy of impeachment, as well as the deterrent effects of constant scrutiny by the press and vigilant oversight by Congress according to Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 731 (1982). In United States v. Burr, 25 F. Cas. 30 (No. 14,692d) (CC Va. 1807) Chief Justice Marshall held that a subpoena duces tecum can be issued to a President. The immunity of executive privilege is limited to civil damages claims. Neither the doctrine of separation of powers, nor the need for confidentiality without more, can sustain an absolute, unqualified Presidential privilege of immunity from judicial process under all circumstances. The President cannot, through the assertion of a broad and undifferentiated need for confidentiality and the invocation of an absolute, unqualified executive privilege, withhold information in the face of subpoena orders under Cheney v. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 542 U.S. 367 (2004). In the case of the president, or any executive or judicial officer wantonly abusing his trust, he is liable for impeachment. 1. In the Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton explained that the subject of impeachment would be those offenses which proceed from the misconduct of public men, or, in other words, from the abuse or violation of some public trust. They are of a nature which may with peculiar propriety be denominated political, as they relate chiefly to injuries done immediately to the society itself. Impeachment is designed to bridle the executive if he engages in excesses. It is designed as a method of national inquest into the conduct of public men. Impeachable offenses are those that (1) are extremely serious, (2) in some way corrupt or subvert the political and governmental process, and (3) are plainly wrong in themselves to a person of honor, or to a good citizen. The nature of such offenses is that they are rather obviously wrong, whether or not  criminal and which so seriously threaten the order of political society as to make pestilent and dangerous the continuance in power of their perpetrator. The jurisdiction is to be exercised over impeachable offenses, which are committed by public men in violation of their public trust and duties. Those duties are, in many cases, political. Strictly speaking, then, the power partakes of a political character, as it respects injuries to society in its political character. Further, contemporary experts agree that there are different standards for impeachable and criminal conduct. It is a fundamental principle that the House may impeach presidents for misusing government resources and agencies and for providing false information to the American public. To date, the House has impeached two presidents; and the House Judiciary Committee approved articles of impeachment against a third president. The presidents in question are: Andrew Johnson, Richard Milhaus Nixon, and William Jefferson Clinton. Each of these occurred while the House was controlled by the political party in opposition to the president. Impeachment is an essential drive that enables the split-ticket voting, 6th stage of Democratic-Republican (DR) two party system development, to impeach enough errors to function at all. The alternative is to buy the 7th HA stage of parliamentary democracy for a unanimous roll-call vote to tax the rich to end poverty by 2020. 82 General Services Administration A. GSA was established on July 1, 1949, as a result of the Hoover Commission s recommendation that consolidating administrative functions across Government into one organization would be more effective and economical for the Government and would avoid  senseless duplication, excess cost, and confusion in handling supplies, and providing space. The mission of GSA is to deliver the best value in real estate, acquisition, and technology services to Government and the American people. GSA requests $10.0 billion in New Obligational Authority (NOA) for the Federal Buildings Fund, the amount is equal to the anticipated revenue collections FY 18. OMB often reports that GSA earns on-budget revenues but GSA regularly submits a congressional budget request in those same years. GSA estimates for FY 16 are higher than before, at an on-budget cost of $631 million FY 16, but goes down to $254 million FY 17 before increasing to $509 million FY 18. General Services Administration Budget FY15 - FY18 (millions) FY 2015FY 2016FY 2017FY 18Obligations9,32010,19610,1789,951Discretionary Budget Authority237631249509OMB-890-7191,2841,073Source: General Services Administration. FY 2017 Congressional Justification. February 9, 2016, FY 2018 May 23, 2017 1. GSA abolished the J. Edgar Hoover Building. FY 16 paid for the FBI Headquarters Consolidation project that will consolidate FBI operations housed in the J. Edgar Hoover Building and other leased locations into a single, consolidated headquarters facility. To start the consolidation of the FBI in the new headquarters in DC, GSA will purchase and renovate the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Field Office Building currently under lease in New Orleans, LA. The FY 18 GSA is requesting $489 million for land port of entry (LPOE) construction projects in New York, California, and Arizona as well as $18 million for a land port of entry repair and alterations project in Washington State. GSA will invest an additional $135 million for the continued consolidation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) at the St. Elizabeths campus that cost more than a billion dollars FY16 to regulate the polar ice-break and repair the damages caused by the US Coast Guard's road to the Potomac's northwest passage of hydrocarbon heating pumps causing drought and heat in Central and Eastern states, respectively. 83 Health A. A Health Department or Public Health Department (PHD) and Department of Human Services (DHS) need to graduate from the Department of Health and Human Service (DHHS) to fulfill the requirements of the Department of Education Re-organization Act of May 4, 1980 under 20USC3508.. The foundation of the public health service is typically attributed to July 16, 1798, when President John Adams signed a bill into law that created what we now know as the U.S. Public Health Service by establishing the U.S. Marine Hospital Service, predecessor to today s U.S. Public Health Service, to provide health care to sick and injured merchant seamen at naval hospitals under 24USC14. Medical bills cause an estimated 67% of bankruptcies today, up from 8% in 1980 and it is necessary to nullify and repeal 'Medical records and payments' from the Fair Credit Reporting Act under 15USC1681a(x)(1) like legal bills in 2009; student loans never sent a bill without murder tampering under 18USC1512. The President s Budget FY 18 request for HHS proposes $69 billion in discretionary budget authority and $1,046 billion in mandatory funding, that comes to $1,115 billion FY 18. The budget-in-brief requests $1,113 billion to comply with CR 17 budget authority, but actually demands a total of $1,131 billion FY 18 when outlays are added, $18 billion, 1.6% more than CR 17. Administrative spending cuts, especially for un-discontinued research in contravention to the Nuremburg Code, and FY 17 Part B and D cuts are sustained into FY 18 and beyond. ACF child and family benefits should grow 4% annually plus historical interest in undistributed offsetting receipts and anti-welfare fraud loans of Secretary Price under Sec. 406 of the Social Security Act under 42USC606 and 18USC228. To balance the federal budget, 6% annual growth in Part A tax revenues must run over into 3% health benefit growth in Parts A, B & D benefits beginning FY 18. Hospitals must charge < 2.6% HI tax FY 18 to reduce total federal outlays reported by HHS and OMB. Federal health spending will be going down for some time with a zero growth policy until NHE is <10% of GDP. Health Department Federal Outlays FY 16 - FY 18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18Health Department total 982,636985,199965,523Health and Human Services total 1,041,4411,048,4461,030,736Human Services Department total -58,805-63,247-65,213Public Health Service sub-total 56,43663,49957,423Outlays by Agency Human Services Department Administration for Children and Families53,39757,58259,482Administration for Community Living1,9651,9932,043Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 3,4433,6723,688Health Department Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services926,200921,700908,100Food and Drug Administration2,5662,6982,080Health Resources and Services Administration 10,26310,37210,828Indian Health Service4,6825,1914,939Centers for Disease Control and Prevention7,5047,9207,275National institutes of Health 29,28032,11730,195Office of the National Coordinator8512843Medicare Hearing and Appeals107107242Office for Civil Rights164133Departmental Management 8891,956576Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund 1,5162,7921,736Office of the Inspector General8210784Program Support Center5461,568760Offsetting Collections-975-1,373-1,243Other Collections-125-125-125Source: HHS Budget Outlays FY 18 C. Another table on congressional budget authority is needed to crunch the national health expenditure table and be finally done with health inflation and federal budget deficits until 2020. Congressional budget authority is equal to total agency revenues. Congressional budget authority has never been accurately accounted for in the HHS budget-in-brief due to the loss of total revenues, like the loss of total federal outlays, to an unaccountable obsession with benefits by CMS statisticians. The FY 18 HHS Budget-in-brief abused the concept of budget authority to order unjustified spending reductions, probably for the purpose of anti-welfare fraud loans under Sec. 406 of the Social Security Act under 42USC606. If only everyone could be poor, everyone could be healthy. Medicare premiums and the Hospital Insurance (HI) trust fund tax are hyper-inflationary -  neoplastic . The carcinogen has been identified as 6% growth in HI tax revenues that must be equitably distributed by Medicare Parts A, B and D. Benefits need to be distributed to subsidize reasonably compensated health practices, and hospital administrators with income less than the vice president $161,532 (2017). Untampered Medicaid prices must be the rule for Medicare, private insurance and out-of-pocket health expenditures. HHS Congressional Budget Authority FY 16  FY 18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18Health Department total 1,161,5831,170,3031,258,468Health and Human Services total 1,220,5581,233,9781,323,572Human Services Department total -58,975-63,675-65,104Public Health Service sub-total 62,58361,30352,468Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services1,099,0001,109,0001,206,000Administration for Children and Families53,39757,58259,482Administration for Community Living1,9361,9371,851Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 3,6424,1563,771Food and Drug Administration2,7252,7411,891Health Resources and Services Administration 10,77710,65410,205Indian Health Service4,9164,9534,898Centers for Disease Control and Prevention8,6987,6966,374National institutes of Health 31,71831,82926,049Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality3343330Office of the National Coordinator606038Medicare Hearing and Appeals107107242Office for Civil Rights383833Departmental Management 478578270Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund 1,9481,5301,663Office of the Inspector General777768Program Support Center707707737Total HHS Congressional Budget Authority 1,220,5581,233,9781,323,572Source: FY 18 HHS budget-in-brief 1. Because of the existence of a disputed inequality regarding whether federal outlays for Medicaid payments should be reduced from 90-100% to 50% or 60%, it is necessary to exclude State Medicaid spending as a component of congressional budget authority, for the time being, state Medicaid and CHIP spending is necessary for estimating national health expenditures. Because 10-20% state shares would reduce national health expenditures from the threatened return ACA enhanced 50-40% state share, they are not terrorist demands, 10% state share is due process in the national health expenditure table, independent of congressional budget authority. Ultimately, to reduce national health expenditures to less than 10% of GDP, it will be necessary to error on the side of 3% health benefit inflation since the last accountable year FY 14, beginning as soon as possible, FY 18. With this federal budget surplus the federal government must guarantee states feel safe to publish budgets with as little as 10% health spending, down from 50% hypochondria. Federal-state identity theft tends to unconstitutionally perpetuate the Volstead Act, ie. exclusion of marijuana pregnancy test under 42USC2000a(a). Fatal opiate overdoses lend credence to the legal theory of tampered evidence under 18USC1512. Medicaid sets the fee-for-service and seems to pay Medicare premiums and pick up the co-pay and deductibles for Medicare resulting in free health care for the patient. Medicaid is a great program, patients and medical providers are happy with it. D. The United States needs to reduce health spending to less than 10% of GDP. National health expenditure as a percent of GDP increased from 5.6% in 1965, to 7.1% in 1970, to 8.9% in 1980, to 12.6% in 1990 to more than 16% in 2000 to as high as 17.8% without applying the GDP deflator in 2013 and 17.5% in 2016 with the new 17.3% deflator 2009-2013. Since the inception of the HI tax in the 1970s, national health care spending has on average grown nearly twice as fast, about 2.5 percentage points faster than the economy, that has grown at a rate of 3 percent annually since all other forms of inflation worldwide were brought under control since 1980. After four decades of high inflation averaging 8.9% annually for Medicare and 9.8% annually for private health insurance between 1970, when inflation was over 20% and 2005, when it was about 6.6%, the inflation in health care prices has nearly been brought under control- defined as less than 3% annual inflation since 2012-2016, when hyper-inflation again reared its ugly head, and government health budgets began to be cut. Medicare spending has increased as state payments for Medicaid expansion patients dwindled from 40-50% to 10%, estimated at 11% of federal outlays for Medicaid. FY 17 and FY 18 Medicare cuts regain some control over, at least, the government budget aspects of neoplastic health inflation. National Health Expenditure Account Balance 2013-2018 (billions) 201320142015201620172018Private Health Insurance Net Premiums 451525541557573591Administration and net cost of private health insurance 127130133137140144Medicare582600638694708669Medicaid total 407352362373384396Federal 235317326336346357State 17234.935.937.038.139.3CHIP total 10.312.613.014.316.712.0Federal7.89.19.412.314.511.0State 3.53.53.62.02.21.0Other health insurance programs8992949699101All Health Insurance Payments Subtotal1,6671,7121,7811,8711,9211,913Other third party payers and programs221227232238244250Out-of-pocket payments339348357366375384Investment152.5153.9156157159160Public Health 239245251257264270Total National Health Expenditures2,6192,6862,7772,8892,9632,977Gross Domestic Product 3% 16,76817,27117,80318,47219,30320,130NHE as % of GDP15.6%15.5%15.6%15.6%15.3%14.8%Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund, July 2017. Health, United States, 2014. Daveline, Dan; Koenigsman, Jane; Rivers, Bill, 2014 Health Insurance Industry Analysis Report National Association of Insurance Commissioners and Center for Insurance Policy and Research, 2015. OMB FY 17 Table 10.1 1. In 2005, national health expenditures totaled $2 trillion or 16 percent of the GDP, and grew to 17.4 percent of the GDP where it stayed from 2009 to 2013, as the result of the application of a GDP deflator by the CMS Actuary. Health, United States, 2014 is the last credible report on national health expenditure. Editors must abolish the GDP deflator, plug in private health insurance estimates from the 2014 Health Insurance Industry Analysis Report of National Association of Insurance Commissioners and Center for Insurance Policy and Research for a proven NHE of 15.6% FY 13 and 15.5% FY 14, that inched back-up to 15.6% FY 15 & 16 before Medicare and public health service spending cuts reduce spending to 15.3% FY 17 to 14.8% FY 18 with a 2.6% HI tax-spending rate. In 2013, personal health care expenditures in the United States totaled $2.5 trillion, a 3.8% increase from 2012, mostly driven by 4% growth in private health insurance premiums. It is against the 2.7% average consumer price index (CPI) inflation for health insurance premium prices to increase more than 3%. The per capita personal health care expenditure for the total U.S. population was $7,826 in 2013, up from $7,597 in 2012. Despite the high cost, the U.S. does not appear to provide greater health resources to its citizens or achieve substantially better health benchmarks compared to other developed countries. For instance, in 2000 the United States had the highest birth rate (12.5 per 1,000 population), infant mortality rate (6.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births and 8 under age 5 deaths per 1,000 ) and maternal mortality rate (32 deaths per 100,000) of any industrialized nation. It is essential that the United States has the goal to reduce national health expenditures to less than 10% of GDP by 2030. Only Great Britain spends more than 10% of GDP on health, and they are reported to be unpleased with their national health service. State Medicaid cuts to 10% of the federal share FY 15-18 do to 3% annual growth from Health United States, 2014. are honored. E. Enrollment in private health insurance programs, including the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was 204 million in 2014, up 14.6% from 178 million in 2013. Under the ACA the number of uninsured people is expected to decline from 45 million people in 2012 to 23 million people by 2023. In 2014 the number of uninsured adults went down from 22% to 16%. Health insurance is a major determinant of access to health care. The percentage of adults aged 18 64 who were uninsured increased from 2004 (19.3%) to 2013 (20.5%) and then declined through June 2015 (12.7%) Among adults aged 18 64, the percentage with private coverage declined from 2004 (71.1%) to 2012 (65.1%) and then increased through June 2015 (70.6%). As of June 2015, 8.9 million adults aged 18 64 were covered by private plans obtained through the Health Insurance Marketplace or state-based exchanges (36). The percentage with Medicaid coverage increased from 2004 (6.8%) to June 2015 (12.2%). Effective 2011 the ACA allows most young adults to remain on their parent s coverage until age 26. The percentage uninsured for those 19 25 declined 28% between 2013 and the second quarter of 2014, to 19.2%. Between 2004 and 2014, among children in families with income of 100% 199% of the poverty level, the percentage of uninsured children under age 18 decreased from 15.1% to 8.7%, while Medicaid or Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) coverage among children in families with income of 100% 199% of poverty increased from 40.2% to 60.0%. In 2014, Massachusetts (3.9%), Vermont (5.4%), Hawaii (5.7%), and the District of Columbia (6.1%) had the lowest percentages of persons uninsured (i.e., without public or private coverage) among those under age 65, while Alaska (19.2%), Florida (20.1%), and Texas (21.2%) had the highest percentages uninsured. Consumers are due credit for health insurance premiums inflation in excess of the 2.5% health annuity. A side effect of the ACA is that it reduced the healthcare workforce by -6.4%, from 11 million to 10.3 million in 2014. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that as the largest industry in 2006, health care provided 14.4 million jobs, 13.6 million jobs for wage and salary workers and about 438,000 jobs for the self-employed. Subsequently, there was a -35%, -6% average annual, decline in the number of health professionals to 9.3 million in 2012, up 18% to 11 million in 2013 when ACA estimates were made, then down -6.4% to 10.3 million in 2014. In 2012, there were 26.9 physicians in patient care per 10,000 population in the United States. 1. SMI premium inflation has become virtually un-audit-able since 2016 and is aggressive at 10% because FY 17 Part B & D general fund cuts did not adequately protect consumer prices against inflationary neoplasm with 3% annual growth limit on health insurance premium inflation, pegged to a 3% cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for social security beneficiaries, so workers and the self-employed could purchase SMI policies on-line. Beneficiaries, with incomes below 150% of the poverty, have been held harmless so they pay lower rates. Poor beneficiaries may also quit paying premiums altogethers and get their premiums, co-pay and deductible, paid at a discount by state Medicaid programs, so that they can say they are insured by both Medicaid and Medicare. The most important thing the Congress can do to reduce national health expenditure as a percentage of GDP is that 'medical records and payments' must be repealed from the Fair Credit Reporting Act 15USC1681a(x)(1). Private insurance and out-of-pocket expenses must be regulated by Medicaid prices. Ultimate Assumptions in Table II C1 of the Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Funds, are unlawful to order hyperinflation in health care with a strange per benefit spending growth equation regarding consumer price index CPI (2.7%) + 2.5% = 5.2% growth equation that must be treated as neoplastic, and must excised by wide-rescission FY 17  FY 18 when achieving the goal of 3% health growth, 2.5% government growth from FY14 makes significant progress achieving the sustainable development goal of reducing national health expenditures to less than 10% of GDP by 2030. Subsidies for compensation in excess of the salary of the vice-president, currently $161,538 a year under 39USC3686(d) and profits of subsidized health care and insurance corporations >10% must be considered overpayments under 26USC6401. 84 Housing and Urban Development A. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was created at the end of the Great Depression in the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 shortly after the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) was created in 1934 to give homebuyers access to reasonably priced mortgages under fair terms. The Department of Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 created HUD as Cabinet-level agency. HUD s mission is to create strong, sustainable, inclusive communities and quality affordable homes for all. HUD FY 16-18 introductory table does not provide accurate federal outlay totals for the time period covered, nor are the HUD budgets FY 16-17 stable. HUD FY 18 introductory table is not an accurate statement. The discretionary outlay totals it begins with do not add up and the President's request for $40.7 billion FY 18. It is very time-consuming and difficult to add discretionary outlay categories to produce total outlays and it is believed that HUD totals are slightly low. They correctly subtract discretionary offsetting receipts to produce a discretionary outlay estimate that is a little low. Mandatory Fair Housing Act programs are off-budget and mandatory programs should not be listed as an outlay category because it has a budget authority of $400 billion lending cap till 2019, $239 billion annual lending authority and $1.1 trillion in outstanding loans, that must not be confused with on-budget General Fund outlays. Reducing Public and Indian Housing spending by -3% when in-kind welfare programs should grow 3% annually by $1.6 billion to $28.1 billion FY 18 constitutes deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. Some rental assistance beneficiaries face an illegal experimental increase in the tenant contribution toward rent from 30 percent of adjusted income to up to 35 percent of gross income (i.e., income adjusted by exclusions but not deductions), breaking the 30% of income rule, is a particularly heinous form of deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. Total outlays of $41.5 billion is nearly exactly 2.8% agency growth from FY15 and this should therefore be made HUD budget for FY 18 although it means -3% outlay reduction. The Public and Indian Housing category needs $1.6 billion to achieve 3% growth to $28.1 billion, bringing total HUD outlays to $43.1 billion FY 18 and cannot settle for not less than $800 million + interagency receipts for 0% growth to $27.3 billion PIH and $42.3 billion total FY18. Housing and Urban Development Outlays FY 16- FY 18 (millions) FY16FY17FY18HUD Discretionary Outlays Est.39,02438,24842,300 Discretionary Outlays FY 18 added50,28251,40750,960Discretionary Offsetting Receipts-11,258-13,159-9,453Total Outlays39,02438,24841,507Outlays reported39,02438,24841,497OMB28,69140,73840,184FTEs8,0297,9307,713HUD FY 2015 Budget + 2.8% growth39,20040,30041,428FTEs8,0298,1018,174Public and Indian Housing27,02027,33026,508 Community Planning and Development9,46610,06110,424Housing Programs 11,88011,95012,023Management and Administration, Policy, Lead 1,9162,0661,995Total Discretionary Outlays50,28251,40750,960Discretionary Offsetting Receipts-11,258-13,159-9,453Net Discretionary Outlays39,02438,24841,507Mandatory Outlays-12,36016,0298,504Mandatory Offsetting Receipts-1,758-682-17HUD Outlays Added24,90653,59549,994Source: OMB Table 4.1 FY 17; HUD FY 15 & 18, Tables 1-11 to 1-13 1. When Suan Donovan was promoted from HUD Secretary to OMB Director FY15 there was a precise $38,088 million spending agreement between the HUD FY 15 Congressional Budget Justification and OMB, furthermore HUD public housing benefit spending increased to $20 billion. Subsequently, however, the $38 billion figure was reduced to $35.5 billion. The HUD budget is always difficult but FY 18 is particularly deceptive. Donovan's succeeded where other HUD directors failed in that he produced a short power point presentation that included an accurate summary of categories of HUD outlays FY 15. However instead of instituting the summary of appropriations in the introduction of the congressional budget justification the Secretary was institutionalized Director of OMB. 2. Mandatory Outlays are self-sufficient and do not receive any outlays. The FY 17 budget however indicates $18.1 billion in federal outlays for FHA MMI Program Account and a reduction in receipts from the Capital Reserve Account from $15.6 billion FY 16 to -$1.8 billion FY 18 is not thought to be accurate or necessary to estimate federal HUD outlays. The fiscal year 2018 Budget requests $400 billion in loan guarantee commitment limitation, which is to remain available until September 30, 2019. This limitation includes sufficient authority for insurance of single family mortgages and mortgages under the HECM program. Total loan volume projected for all MMI programs for fiscal year 2018 is $228.7 billion. Of that total, $213.9 billion is estimated for standard forward mortgages and $14.8 billion is for Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECM). The size of the request and 2-year availability for this commitment authority reduces the likelihood of program disruption under a continuing resolution or greater than expected volume. The $228.7 billion in loan volume projected for the entire MMI portfolio in fiscal year 2018 is expected to generate $ 7.1 billion in negative subsidy receipts, which are transferred to the MMI Capital Reserve account, where they are available to cover any projected cost increases for the MMI portfolio. The 2018 President s Budget requests no subsidy budget authority, and $30 billion in loan guarantee commitment authority, the same level as 2017, with loan guarantees resulting in an estimated $619 million in offsetting receipts to the U.S. Treasury General Fund. B. Reducing Public and Indian Housing spending by -3% when in-kind welfare programs should grow 3% annually by $1.6 billion to $28.1 billion FY 18 constitutes deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. Whereas the FY 18 HUD budget is about 64% public housing the HUD budget should grow an average of 2.8% annually from the agreed upon $38 billion figure FY15 as a guide for stabilizing HUD outlays. Carson seems to make a $1.2 billion addition error regarding FY18 outlays trying to comply with the President's $40.7 billion FY 18 estimate, down from his high estimate of $46.9 billion FY17. If public housing were to grow 3% from FY 17 total spending would be $43,738 million FY 18. This is however more than 2.8% from $38 billion FY 15 and now that HUD is trying to stabilize budget estimates, it is necessary that welfare beneficiaries share in the cuts, but -3% is criminal, zero growth is $42,918 million FY 2018. HUD has poor public housing beneficiaries who cannot pay the bills by cheating at the math to barely comply with the President's nearly accurate $40.7 billion estimate. HUD ensures their good work making mandatory loan programs profitable and should be allowed $43 billion FY 18 to settle the accounting dispute and stabilize at 2.8% growth due to 3% growth in public housing program spending for the poor, elderly and disabled. 1. The FY 18 HUD Budget claims to provide over $35.2 billion for the Department s rental assistance programs. Some rental assistance beneficiaries face an illegal experimental increase in the tenant contribution toward rent from 30 percent of adjusted income to up to 35 percent of gross income (i.e., income adjusted by exclusions but not deductions). Hardship exemptions, as defined by the Secretary, will be available for tenants. The Department will implement this provision as a pilot in PBRA, 202, and 811 in 2018; it does not plan to implement this in the Public Housing or HCV programs in 2018. Establishing minimum tenant rental payments of $50 per month, with hardship exemptions. For PBRA/202/811: A one-year freeze on annual rent adjustment increases. These changes will result in increased rents for many HUD-supported residents, and HUD recognizes that this will present difficulties for many families. Raising the tenant contributions on the basis of faulty accounting is a terrorist policy that affects the conduct of the Government by coercion under 31CFR50.5. This is not Carson's first terrorist offense. Carson has a history of being paid to promote lethal propaganda, for instance his unprofessional book on the Constitution, that doesn't cite any caselaw, took so much money from the second amendment, homophobic lobby, we pray to surgically remove the pre-cancerous extra reproductive organs found in XXX, XXY and XYY types, that he discriminated against the absolute contraindication of Warfarin (Coumadin) and estrogen component of the Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for the Male -to-Female (MTF) types who owes $1 million to start the Pulse Nightclub v. Human Rights Campaign settlement at $5,000 per surviving victim or family of the deceased. The FY 18 plan to increase rental payments must be overruled as deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. Carson's FY18 budget is overruled in both fact and law, like the recidivism regarding medical residency hours in excess of 60 per week. 2. Federal rental assistance cost taxpayers $38.3 billion in 2015 according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. 5,106,000 low-income households use federal rental assistance to rent modest housing at an affordable cost; at least 68% have extremely low incomes (30% of area median income or less). 2.1 million Housing Choice Vouchers, 1.3 million public housing, 1.2 million Section 8 project based, 154,000 elderly and disabled and .Nearly all households using federal rental assistance include children or people who are elderly or disabled and 272,000 USDA. 30% of HUD beneficiaries are adults with children, 1% elderly with children, 33% elderly, 5% disabled adults with children. 21% disabled adults and 11% childless adults = 36% families with children = 1,838,160 families with children receiving federal rental assistance. The typical HUD formula is that a beneficiary should pay no more than 30% of their low-income. 10,018,100 low-income households pay more than half their income for rent, 24 percent more than before the recession. When housing costs consume more than half of household income, low-income families are at greater risk of becoming homeless. The single-night census in 2014 found that 578,424 people in the U.S. were homeless or living in shelters, including 49,933 veterans and 216,261 people in families with children. Another 1,001,652 school-age children lived in unstable housing, such as doubled up with other families, during the 2012-2013 school year. This is particularly critical at a time when the average household is paying 52 cents of every dollar it earns on housing and transportation and when congestion on our roads is costing us five times as much wasted fuel and time as it did 25 years ago. SSI is no longer enough to afford an efficiency apartment. 3. Altogether, over 50 percent of HUD-assisted households are elderly or disabled, in addition to over 56,000 households served through HUD s Housing for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) program. The median income of HUD assisted households is $10,200 or 17% of area median income and 72% are below 30% of area median income. In FY2013, HUD anticipates serving a total of 5.4 million families through its core rental programs, in addition to programs such as HOME, Sections 202 and 811, Native American initiatives, and Homeless Assistance programs. Public housing stock of 1.1 million units is shrinking at a rate of 10,000 units per year. Rental assistance is a cost-effective substitute. Over the last 50 years, HUD s Section 202 program has provided over 400,000 affordable homes for very low income elderly individuals. HUD s Section 811 program provides affordable housing for persons with disabilities for 23,330 existing units and 1,850 new units in FY2013. Since 2009 a total of 7,816 special Non-Elderly Disabled vouchers have been awarded to non-elderly persons with disabilities, including those individuals who wish to transition out of institutions. C. HUD statute is codified in Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) guided by the civil action for damages caused by discriminatory housing practices under the Fair Housing Act of 1968 and the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 at 42USC3613(c)(1) and corresponding 10 day compliance notice at 24CFR1.8(d,c). Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) agencies investigate the majority of housing discrimination complaints filed in the United States. In Fiscal Year 2011, this amounted to 7,800 investigations of housing and lending discrimination. As a result of these investigations, FHAP agencies secured approximately $6.5 million for people affected by housing discrimination in addition to other forms of relief, including the provision of housing, the discontinuance of eviction proceedings, the reduction of mortgage interest rates, the retrofit of inaccessible housing, the provision of reasonable accommodations, and the allowance of reasonable modifications. Should repairs be deemed more cost effective the State may pay for the renovation of the dilapidated home under Sec. 1119 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1319. When a beneficiaries home is so defective that continued occupancy is unwarranted, unless repairs are made to such home, rental quarters will be necessary for such individual. The prevailing party must pay for these costs in a civil eviction under Buckannon Board & Care Home Inc. v. West Virginia Dep. Of Health and Human Resources No. 99-1848 (2001). 1. The U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness reports that on a single night in January 2011, there were over 630,000 sheltered and unsheltered homeless people nationwide. Approximately 1.6 million people experience homelessness between October 1, 2009 and September 30, 2010. On any given night an estimated 754,000 persons will experience homelessness and between 330,000 and 415,000 will stay at a homeless shelter or transitional housing throughout the U.S. depending upon the season. This results in about 300,000 more people then shelter beds in the U.S. Over a five-year period, about 2-3 percent of the U.S. population (5-8 million people) will experience at least one night of homelessness. For the great majority of these people, the experience is short and often caused by a natural disaster, a house fire, or a community evacuation. A much smaller group, perhaps as many as 500,000 people have greater difficulty ending their homelessness. Most homeless people, about 80%, exit from homelessness within about 2-3 weeks. They often have more personal, social, and economic resources to draw on than people who are homeless for longer periods of time. About 10% are homeless for up to two months, with housing availability and affordability adding to the time they are homeless. Another group of about 10% is homeless on a chronic, protracted basis-as long as 7-8 months in a two-year period. Disabilities associated with mental illness and substance abuse are common. On any given night, this group can account for up to 50% of those seeking emergency shelter. The number of homeless veterans dropped fully 12% between 2009 and 2010. n estimated one out of every six men and women in our nation s homeless shelters are veterans, and veterans are 50 percent more likely to fall into homelessness compared to other Americans. In Fiscal Year 2013, HUD requested a total of $2.23 billion for Homeless Assistance Grants (HAG) under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act 42USC11383. A collaborative applicant is an entity that serves as the applicant for project sponsors who jointly submit a single application for a grant, in an amount not to exceed $200,000-$400,000, for the acquisition, rehabilitation, or acquisition and rehabilitation, of an existing structure (including a small commercial property or office space) to provide supportive housing other than emergency shelter or to provide supportive services for homeless people; and for not more than 75% of annual operating costs may be made. 85 Human Services A. Human (HS) Services was coined as part of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) in the Education Reorganization Act of 1978. Human services degrees are social work, child development, psychology, addiction studies and mental health. To stop robbing children to pay for soldiers it is necessary for the United States to create an independent Cabinet-level Department of Human Services (HS) row in the outlay by agency ledger of the White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB). HS will account for the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Administration for Community Living (ACL) and Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) under 31USC101. Total human services spending is $59 billion FY 16, $64 billion FY 17 and $69 billion FY 18. Total accurate on-budget Social Security, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), spending was $59.1 billion FY 16 and $59.4 billion FY 17. The combined total of HS and SSI is estimated at $118 billion FY 16, $124 billion FY 17 (4.4% growth), and $69 billion FY 18. 1. The plan is that SSI would be paid off-budget by SSA when the rich are taxed the 12.4% Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) trust funds tax on all their income to end child poverty FY18 and poverty FY20. It is advised that WHOMB make certain changes the outlay by agency ledger to recognize the graduation of HS. First, change the historical name of Social Security on-budget spending, the SSI program, to Human Services (HS). Second, make accurate notation of total SSI outlays in this historical HS row. Third, graduate HS FY 18 so that it replaces Social Security on-budget whereas SSI is going off-budget if the rich are taxed or is combined with SSI in the on-budget HS outlay row. The HS outlay row would remain fairly stable, double or triple as the result of adding HS to the current SSI overestimate by OMB and calling it HS. The ACF is the second largest agency in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The ACF budget request for $57.6 billion FY 17 was an 8% increase from $53.4 billion FY 16. The ACF is the only agency in the executive branch with high 8% FY 17 growth that must be protected against CR 17 and FY 18 budget cuts. The FY 18 budget proposes to reduce spending to $50.9 billion FY 16, $54.5 billion FY 17 to $48.3 billion FY 18. Any difference between ACF outlays and $53.4 billion FY 16, $57.6 billion outlays FY 17 + 3.3% growth to $59.5 billion FY 18 should be expressed as undistributed offsetting receipts of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) child and family benefits. Human Service Budget Summary FY 16 - FY 18 (millions) FY 16FY 17% Change FY 16-17FY 18 Human Services row taxed59,10059,5000.7%65,800Supplemental Security Income untaxed59,10059,5000.6%164,000Total Human Services Department Outlays58,99663,7196.2%65,296Undistributed Offsetting Receipts HHS FY 16- 17 2,4923,1032.5%504Total ACF 53,39757,5828%59,482Total ACL 1,9651,9931.4%2,043Total SAMHSA3,6344,14414%3,771Total Human Services Department Outlays58,99663,7196.2%65,296Total ACF FY 17 +3.2% 53,39757,5828%59,425Total ACF FY 1850,90554,4797%48,289Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 2,4923,1032.5%11,193Temporary Assistance For Needy Families FY 17 Budget 17,34520,097 15.9%20,901 Total SSI Expenditures on-budget row59,10059,5400.7%0Human Services Outlay Row59,10059,5400.7%65,758Administration for Children and FamiliesChild Support and Family Support 4,3044,5551.6%4,692Children's Research and Technical Assistance BA34.4107211%110Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program3,3903,76911.2%0Child Care and Development Block Grant2,7612,9627.2%3,050Children's and Family Services Programs BA11, 23411,7354.45%12,087Refugee and Entrant Assistance1,6752,18530.5%2,251Total, ACF Discretionary Programs19,12019,9524.4%26,072Payment to States for Child Support & Family Support Programs4,3684,3790.25%4,499Temporary Assistance For Needy Families FY 17 Budget 17,34520,097 15.9%20,901 TANF FY 18 Budget 17,34517,3450%15,133Child Care and Development Fund2,9172,9170%2,917 Orphanages (Foster Care & Permanency)7,6658,2547.7%8,746Safe and Stable Families3223210%345Social Services Block Grant1,5841,5830%0Health Professional Opportunity Grant8579-7%85Total ACF, Mandatory Programs FY 17 budget 34, 28637,63037, 498Total ACF, Mandatory Programs FY 18 budget 34,28634,87831,725Total, ACF Discretionary Programs19,12019,9524.4%26,072Total ACF Spending FY 17 budget 53, 39757, 5827.8%63,570Total ACF Spending FY 18 budget 53,39754,8302.6%57,797Total ACL Spending FY 171,9651,9931.4%2,053Total ACL Spending FY 18 1,965 1,961-0.2%1,851SAMHSA620615-0.8%610ACL1961991.5%187ACF (1998 est) FTEs56,236Source: Administration for Children and Families All Purpose Table, Administration for Community Living and Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committees FY 17 & FY 18 2. The average national poverty rate for all ages is 15.4% but 16-24 million children, 22%-33%, are growing up poor, otherwise poverty in the United States runs about 10% for working age adults and 9% for elderly, excluding medical bills that drive up the elderly poverty rate to 15.9%. The reason for the extraordinarily high rates of child poverty are that Congress has not authorized an automatic annual 3% raise in minimum wage, paid maternity leave, or even compensated for the 10 million Temporary Assistance for Needy Family (TANF) benefits 1996-2000. In 1996 the child poverty rate was the same as for any other age, about 15.7%. Until child poverty is ended by taxing the rich, the failure of the United States to pay legal child support obligations under 18USC228 constitutes deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. Social work is due 3% growth. Cash welfare programs for the poor normally need 4% growth to afford 3% benefit growth to compete with 2.7% average annual inflation and 1% beneficiary population growth, that is dependent upon legitimate demand. Because different agencies and programs grow at different rates it is helpful to calculate the weighted average rate of agency outlay growth. Abysmally low 0.7%, but positive, SSI growth, sustains the reasonable combined 4.4% human services growth FY 17. 8% ACF growth incidental to 15.9% growth in TANF FY 17 must be sustained FY 17. There should be 4% growth in TANF FY 18 and thereafter to redress the 1996-2000 TANF cuts, other ACF programs 3% growth, ACL and SAMSHA 2.5% growth. The weighted average of ACF + 3.3% growth, ACL and SAMHSA + 2.5% growth, total HS outlay growth potential average of about 3.2%. B. The Administration for Community Living (ACL) administers programs under several authorizing statutes. The Older Americans Act was enacted in 1965 and is administered by the Administration on Aging. In addition, ACL is also responsible for administering other authorizing statutes relevant to older Americans and individuals with disabilities. Section 398 of the Public Health Service Act: AoA administers the Alzheimer s Disease Disease Supportive Services Program (ADSSP) program created by Congress in 1991 under Section 398 of the Public Health Service Act (P.L. 78-410; 42 U.S.C. 280c-3). It was amended by the Home Health Care and Alzheimer s Disease Amendments of 1990 (PL 101-557) and by the Health Professions Education Partnerships Act of 1998 (PL 105-392). Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (DD Act) is administered by the Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Title XXIX of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C 201): AoA administers the Lifespan Respite Care Program created by Congress in 2006 under Title XXIX of the Public Health Service Act. Help America Vote Act (HAVA) (PDF): Signed into law on October 29, 2002, HAVA assigns responsibility for the administration of the law s disability provisions (sections 261 and 291) to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, who delegated the responsibility to the Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (formerly known as the Administration on Developmental Disabilities). The ACL must abolish the National Institute of Disability, Independent Living and Research (NIDLR) to Disability Research (DR) whose nicely codified Workforce Initiative Act of 2015 statute was repealed to conceal the murder for hire of then Secretary under 18USC1111. The FY 2018 Budget request is $2 billion for ACL, exactly the same, as before the ACL was created with drastic cuts to the Agency on Aging in 2013 from whence the budget recovered until there were further cuts in 2016 and spending continues to decline slightly and because it declares itself to be an administration, rather than a welfare agency, would benefit from 2.5% annual growth. C. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) was established by an act of Congress in 1992 under Public Law 102-321 that abolished the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Mental Health Service Administration (ADAMHA) that was itself established May 4, 1974 when President Nixon signed P.L. 93-282. The Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 President's Budget provides $3.9 billion for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), a reduction of $399 million below the FY 2017 Continuing Resolution. The 14% spending increase from $3.6 billion FY 16 to $4.1 billion FY 17 did not significantly abate the opiate overdose epidemic and 1.8% average annual growth is fair FY 18. Thereafter, SAMHSA should stabilize at 2.5% annual growth because it calls itself an administration, neither welfare, nor health that might cure the pain. (1) The Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) seeks to improve the availability and accessibility of high-quality community-based services for people with or at risk for mental illnesses and their families. While the largest portion of the Center s appropriation supports the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant Program, CMHS also supports a portfolio of discretionary grant programs, called Programs of Regional and National Significance. (2) The mission of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) is to bring effective substance abuse prevention to every community, nationwide. Its discretionary grant programs  whether focusing on preschool-age children and high-risk youth or on community-dwelling older Americans  target States and communities, organizations and families to promote resiliency, promote protective factors, and reduce risk factors for substance abuse. Further, this SAMHSA Center supports the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), the largest Federal source of information about substance abuse research, treatment, and prevention available to the public. (3) The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) promotes the availability and quality of community-based substance abuse treatment services for individuals and families who need them. It supports policies and programs to broaden the range of evidence-based effective treatment services for individuals who abuse alcohol and other drugs and that also address other addiction-related health and human services problems. The Center administers the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant Program. While engaging with States to improve and enhance existing services under the block grant program, CSAT also undertakes significant professional and lay education programs and initiatives to promote best practices in substance abuse treatment and intervention. (4) SAMHSA s Office of Applied Studies (OAS) gathers, analyzes, and disseminates data on substance abuse practices in the United States. OAS is responsible for the annual National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, the Drug Abuse Warning Network, and the Drug and Alcohol Services Information Services System, among other studies. OAS also coordinates evaluation of the service-delivery models within SAMHSA's knowledge development and application programs. D. The Administration for Children and Families, the ACF administers more than 60 human services programs. ACF spending increased 8% from $53 billion to more than $58 billion FY17. 15.9% growth in TANF spending from $17.3 billion FY 16 to $20.1 billion FY 17 and $8.8 billion, that should be sustained at 4% growth to $20.9 billion FY 18 rather than reduced to $17.3 billion FY 17 by the $17.3 billion in the Annualized Continuing Resolution FY 17 to $15.1 billion FY 18. The $8.8 billion, 25.6% growth in child care FY 17 may grow at a 3% rate. An estimated 22-33% of American children grow up poor. ACF FY 17 spending growth is the only federal agency with unusually high levels of growth that must be sustained FY 17, with usual high rates of 4% TANF and 3% in-kind welfare FY 18. In regards to the ACF, the Annualized Continuing Resolution FY 17 and Presidential budget  cuts are overruled for the most part. 1. ACF has the burden of proving Full Time Employment (FTEs) and the accurate administration of TANF benefits equally to all poor children growing up in the U.S. Republicans must not levy war by robbing children but require statistical proof of FTE and TANF benefit administration growth until child poverty is conclusively brought to an end. In 1998 there were a total of 56,268 FTEs nation-wide, 35,452 employed by state and local IV-D agencies, and 20,816 federally. The Low-Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEP) can be abolished whereas it is reported to have expired in 2007 and is so toxic only Democrats can tolerate the unprofessional health and human services intervention into confidential electrical engineering toleration of terrorist Republican destruction of an energy facility under 18USC1366. Nonetheless, the program is better off terminated. Congress should create a mandatory welfare program in the Department of Energy whereby energy corporations would contribute a affordable percentage of their utility receipts into a fund for low income people, along more local lines than the free government cell phone, that needs to re-up the minutes to be free all season. The reduction in spending for child refugees seems justified in promise of reduced referrals. Otherwise all spending for child welfare programs and research should increase at exactly 3% FY17- FY18 as if the Republican Annualized Continuing Resolution FY 17 and invasive mandatory Health Professional Opportunity Grant that must abolished FY17, had not attempted to abolish the  mandatory Social Services Block Grant FY 18. Psychiatric drug abuse by foster care is such a harm to themselves and others that the entire spending category of adoption and foster care needs to be institutionalized in the currently federally unfunded non-profit  orphanages raising an estimated 100,000 orphans due SSI benefits because their parents died or abandoned them by final legal decision before the age of 18. 2. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead or have abandoned them permanently. Adults can also be referred to as orphan, or adult orphans. However, those who reached adulthood before their parents died are normally not called orphans; the term is generally reserved for children whose parents have died while they are too young to support themselves. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead or have abandoned them permanently. They grow up in an orphanage. The United States does not legislate regarding orphanages and orphanages are in no rush to legislate. 100,000 orphans growing up in orphanages are due an SSI benefit. 7.6% of children are orphans, in Africa that number is estimated at 11% , in Asia 6.5% and Latin America and the Caribbean 7.4%, however the United Nations counts for children who have lost only one parent. The estimated 100,000 orphans in the United States comprise only about 0.2% of children in the United States. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) growth has been about 0.1% although it is advertised at 1% for the passed several years; SSA needs to make orphan a qualifying disability right away. Adults can also be referred to as orphan, or adult orphans. However, those who reached adulthood before their parents died are normally not called orphans; the term is generally reserved for children whose parents have died while they are too young to support themselves. 3. Although the Economic Security Act of 1935 did not specifically provide for orphans it intended to insure aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment. Since 1996 the United States has seriously failed to provide for dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare. SSA must respect that children are disabled workers and pay orphans as a qualifying disability. Do not take advantage of a widow or an orphan (Old Testament, Exodus 22:22). Leave your orphans; I will protect their lives. Your widows too can trust in me (Old Testament, Jeremiah 49:11). Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world (New Testament, James 1:27). And they feed, for the love of God, the indigent, the orphan, and the captive (The Human: 8). Therefore, treat not the orphan with harshness (The Quran, The Morning Hours: 9). Be good to orphans and the very poor. And speak good words to people (The Quran, The Heifer: 83). Give orphans their property, and do not substitute bad things for good. Do not assimilate their property into your own. Doing that is a serious crime (The Quran, The Women: 2). 4. To make sure that orphans are treated fairly they must be immediately given full SSI benefits  it is expected the child will keep two-thirds of the full benefit for candy, car, computer and college and might pay one-third of their income as rent to the orphanage under Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidelines or might keep it all, depending on the orphanage. Adult orphans and IDDM patients are affordable at the necessary 2.2% rate of DI taxation in the intermediate term, to sustain normal welfare program growth, without taxing the rich that is needed to instantly pay 24 million poor children SSI benefits and end poverty by 2020. There is no other way for the United States to end child poverty than by taxing the rich the full 12.4% Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) tax on all their income to end poverty by 2020 beginning with 16-24 million child Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits under Sec. 1611 of Title XVI of the Social Security Act 42USC1382 by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC(7)430 unique >$250 billion tax haven. Within one quarter of the tax passing SSA would take responsibility for SSI program costs and begin paying benefits to 16-24 million poor children child SSI benefits in 2017 and 50 million SSI benefits by 2020 to end poverty in the United State using current economic growth estimates. 5. To prioritize child welfare within the current OASDI and SSI budget orphan and juvenile onset diabetes should be made as a qualifying disability for the SSI and SSDI programs. There are an estimated 100,000 orphans growing up in orphanages in the United States with no social insurance, legislation, allowance or property rights, and another 400,000 under retirement age adult orphans, many of whom are extremely poor, who might benefit if orphan were made a qualifying disability. 100,000 is 1.1% of 9 million SSI beneficiaries. 100,000 orphans should be enrolled in the first year and in the second year and third year low-income adult orphans would benefit. There are also an estimated 400,000 children passing through the foster-care system shifting from psychiatric exploitation to homeless youth with rich adoptive parents. There are 120,000 individuals age d"19 years and about 300,000-500,000 individuals of all ages with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Insulin prices need to be reduced to $50 a month for ten years as penalty, before adopting the 2.5% health annuity. IDDM needs to be made a qualifying disability. By expanding qualifying disabilities to IDDM and orphans 200,000 children and 800,000 would be eligible for SSI and DI depending on poverty and contributions. 100,000 orphans growing up in orphanages would be immediately paid and children with IDDM growing up in poor families must be sure to receive child SSI benefit and 800,000 adult orphans and IDDM patients would qualify for disability and half might apply for financial freedom. SSI must also stop terminating the child SSI benefits of people when they turn 18 and abide by substantial gainful income. E. Congress enacted the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program in 1972 to assist "individuals who have attained age 65 or are blind or disabled" by setting a guaranteed minimum income level for such persons. SSI is paid for by the General Fund. The program went into effect January 1, 1974 under Sec. 1611 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1382. SSI is the program whereby the Commissioner of Social Security ensures that all aged, blind and disabled individuals who are determined to be eligible on the basis of their income and resources are paid benefits. There are currently about 9 million SSI beneficiaries. Children have been eligible for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) since Sullivan v. Zebley (1990) and 1.8 million children received $733 a month at an annual cost of $15.8 billion, about 28% of $55 billion SSI expenditures in 2014. Child welfare must be secured under New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) and the Protocol on a Communication Protocol of 2014 to the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1990. SSI is the most efficient way to end child poverty by taxing the rich. SSI is currently funded by the General Fund. Although estimated at 1% program population growth calculates closer of 0.1% in the 2015 Annual Report on the SSI Program due to high levels of termination due to death (1,100 per 100,000 disability beneficiaries) and substantial gainful employment. The United States needs to normalize SSI program growth with and without any new taxes on the rich. Social Security on-Budget FY15 - FY18 (billions) FY 2015FY 16FY 17% Change 2016-17FY 18 4%FY 18 taxedSSI55.2 59.159.50.6%61.9164OMB Social Security on-budget87.494.998.63.9%N/aN/aHuman Services on-budget55.259.159.50.7127.765.8Source: OMB Table 4.1 12/18/16, 2015 Annual Report of the Supplemental Security Income Programs. 1. There are obviously significant historical differences for OMB and SSA to reconcile. To stop robbing children to pay for soldiers it is necessary for the United States to create an independent Cabinet-level Department of Human Services (HS) row in the outlay by agency ledger of the White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB). HS will account for the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Administration for Community Living (ACL) and Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) under 31USC101. Total human services spending is $59 billion FY 16, $64 billion FY 17 and $69 billion FY 18. Total accurate on-budget Social Security, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), spending was $59.1 billion FY 16 and $59.4 billion FY 17. The combined total of HS and SSI is estimated at $118 billion FY 16, $124 billion FY 17 (4.4% growth), and $69 billion FY 18. The plan is that SSI would be paid off-budget by SSA when the rich are taxed the 12.4% Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) trust funds tax on all their income to end child poverty FY18 and poverty FY20. It is advised that WHOMB make certain changes the outlay by agency ledger to recognize the graduation of HS. First, change the historical name of Social Security on-budget spending, the SSI program, to Human Services (HS). Second, make accurate notation of total SSI outlays in this historical HS row. Third, graduate HS FY 18 so that it replaces Social Security on-budget whereas SSI is going off-budget if the rich are taxed or is combined with SSI in the on-budget HS outlay row. The HS outlay row would remain fairly stable, double or triple as the result of adding HS to the current SSI overestimate by OMB and calling it HS. 86 Interior A. On March 3, 1849, when the Congress created the Home Department, it charged Interior with managing a wide variety of programs. In the last half of the 19th century, these programs ran the gamut of overseeing Indian Affairs, exploring the western wilderness, directing the District of Columbia jail, constructing the National Capital s water system, managing hospitals and universities, improving historic western emigrant routes, marking boundaries, issuing patents, conducting the census, and conducting research on the geological resources of the land. Today, the Department is the steward of 20 percent of the Nation s lands including national parks, national wildlife refuges, and the public lands; manages the Nation s public lands and minerals including providing access to public lands and the Outer Continental Shelf for renewable and conventional energy; is the largest supplier and manager of water in the 17 western States and a supplier of hydropower energy; and upholds Federal trust responsibilities to Indian Tribes and Alaska Natives. It is responsible for migratory wildlife conservation; historic preservation; endangered species conservation; surface-mined lands protection and and mapping. Interior owns approximately 43,000 buildings, 100,000 miles of road, and 80,000 structures including dams, border walls, laboratories, employee housing, irrigation and power infrastructure. During the peak summer seasons, the Department of the Interior has nearly 70,000 employees in 2,400 locations across the United States, Puerto Rico, U.S. Territories, and Freely Associated States. Interior Department Budget Total Subtraction Error Correction FY15 - FY18 (in billions) FY 2015FY 2016FY 2017FY18 FY 18 subtractedBudget Authority19.019.117.8 19.8Receipts11.18.810.711.211.2Total Outlays10.28.56.88.6Outlays Reported by Interior 12.313.413.311.7 11.7Undistributed Offsetting Receipts est.3.24.84.33.1OMB12.314.015.015.3 15.3Source: FY2018 The Interior Budget-in-brief. May 2017; OMB FY 17 Note  the Permanent Appropriations row is not a generally accepted accounting practice and net outlays have been overestimated by both OMB and the Interior. The Permanent Appropriations row must be abolished from the Budget Total Table. Undistributed Offsetting receipts are returned to the General Fund at year end. B. Interior s FY 18 budget request is $11.7 billion in current authority, $1.6 billion or 12 percent below the 2017 CR baseline level, $3.1 billion more than actual costs for normal 2.5% agency spending growth FY 17-FY18 due to a never before treated subtraction deficit disorder. The Administration also proposes to transfer $123.9 million from the Department of Defense for commitments to the Republic of Palau, increasing Interior s total 2018 budget to $11.9 billion in current authority. The 2018 budget reduces lower priority programs $1.6 billion below 2017 and supports 59,968 full time equivalents. This represents a reduction of roughly 4,000 full time equivalent start from 2017. To accomplish this the Secretary hopes to rely on a combination of attrition, but this is deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246 and separation incentives, but this is bribery of witnesses under 201. He is not presumed to be a terrorist, like the other two Cabinet positions filled by Marine Corp generals. Just a man who does at least 50-100 push-ups and crunches and runs three miles everyday, like me, who published the Interior budget totals without being able to do the subtraction. The $1 fine trail ribbons are to be blamed for protecting Permanent Appropriations from being cut from the budget total table. Elementary school mathematics reveals that the President's $11.7 billion in outlays is enough to pay 2.5% growth in outlays from CR17 and produce $3.1 billion undistributed offsetting receipts FY18, the new military grade term for a three tic surplus. Interior Budget Authority by Bureau FY16 - FY18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18 FY 18 2.5%Bureau of Land Management 1,4401,4471,2241,483Bureau of Ocean Energy Management10179114114Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement109107112109Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement887633633633US Geological Survey1,0631,0619231,088Fish and Wildlife Service2,8602,9052,7662,978National Park Service3,4293,4443,2613,501Bureau of Indian Affairs and National Indian Gaming Commission2,9582,9352,6333,008Departmental Offices3,4543,5273,2913,615Department-wide Programs1,3011,6701,8181,863Bureau of Reclamation1,3401,3681,1951,402Central Utah Completion Act17171818Total Budget Authority18,95919,19317,98819,812Revenues8,80010,70011,20011,200 Net Outlays10,1598,4936,7888,612 Source: Zinke, Ryan. The Interior Budget in Brief. May 2017 1. The Secretary has done excellent work abolishing FLAME Wildfire Suppression Reserve Account $177 million FY 17 to $0 FY 18 for a $119 million reduction in total arson finance by the Interior to $874 million FY 18 that must be 100% allocated to  wildfire fighting and training to determine legitimate demand for pyromania propaganda in a cooler future. Perhaps BLMs $18 million climate change program can continue in the federal court of a $1,000 fine for every kiloton of slash left piled in dry season or hydrocarbon heating pump submerged in the ocean for unlawful intrusion; violation of the rules and regulations of Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve under 24USC154. The Wild Horse and Burro program is charged with animal cruelty for thinking to set up a program to trade them as draft animals. The 2018 budget provides $389.4 million for wild fire suppression the full 10-year average of suppression expenditures, is in fact $874 million for  wildfire fighting and training FY 18 to determine legitimate demand for wildfire fighting funding by the Interior, Interior must continue efforts to address the challenges of water availability and drought by cooperating with rainmaking efforts to remove fallen trees from waterways to prevent flooding. Because slash and burn forest labor reduces land value for the purpose of calculating liability for damages under from $200,000 an acre uncut, $175,000 for inhabited forests in park-like settings with directionally fallen stumps cut flat for sitting and picnicking to $150,000 thinned, with a road, or littered with un-removed trail ribbons to $100,000 burned or laboriously piled for burning or traditionally under any sort of agricultural exploitation to $50,000 for chemically treated, clearcut, or after a catastrophic forest fire. Arson is a crime of provision of material support for terrorism that is clear cut treason = trees + arson. Although the term  fire management is applicable to OMB it does not do the Interior justice, these Interior funds need to be frozen by the Treasury, reviewed and spent only on  wildfire fighting and training . Open burns cause local temperatures to rise, are thought to melt the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 and release smoke that makes the heart, lungs and teeth of workers the epicenter of contagious disease. Any person or instrumentality who destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any parkland is liable to the United States for response costs and damages resulting from the destruction, loss, or injury under 54USC100722. 2. Fire 36CFR 261.5 prohibits the following: (a) Carelessly or negligently throwing or placing any ignited substance or other substance that may cause a fire. (b) Firing any tracer bullet or incendiary ammunition. (c) Causing timber, trees, slash, brush or grass to burn except as authorized by permit. (d) Leaving a fire without completely extinguishing it. (e) Causing and failing to maintain control of a fire that is not a prescribed fire that damages the National Forest System. (f) Building, attending, maintaining, or using a campfire without removing all flammable material from around the campfire adequate to prevent its escape. (g) Negligently failing to maintain control of a prescribed fire on Non-National Forest System lands that damages the National Forest System. A moratorium on slashing trees has been effective at protecting the environment in China. Whoever unlawfully cuts, or wantonly injures or destroys any tree growing, standing, or being upon any land of the United States shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both under 18USC1853. Whoever, willfully and without authority, sets on fire any timber, underbrush, or grass or other inflammable material upon the public domain...or for the acquisition of which condemnation proceedings have been instituted shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both under 18USC1855. Arson within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction occurs when; Whoever, within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, willfully and maliciously sets fire to or burns any building, structure or vessel, any machinery or building materials or supplies, military or naval stores, munitions of war, or any structural aids or appliances for navigation or shipping, or attempts or conspires to do such an act, shall be imprisoned for not more than 25 years, fined the greater of the fine under this title or the cost of repairing or replacing any property that is damaged or destroyed, or both. If the building be a dwelling or if the life of any person be placed in jeopardy, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both under 18USC81. Arson within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction includes oceanic heating pumps. C. Logging has always been an extremely hazardous occupation, historically, second only to underground mining, but since the Mining Safety and Health Act of 1977 reduced mining and underground mining deaths, after a slight rise during the Congress that passed the Act. Since 1997 due to a reduction in fishing deaths to rates competitive with agriculture and airline pilots, logging had been the second most dangerous industrial occupation in the United States after commercial fishing. In 2010, the logging industry employed 95,000 workers, and accounted for 70 deaths. This results in a fatality rate of 73.7 deaths per 100,000 workers that year. This rate is over 21 times higher than the overall fatality rate in the US in 2010 (3.4 deaths per 100,000). Loggers comprise one half of one percent of the total workforce in America, yet they account for nearly 2 percent of all fatalities. During 1992-97, loggers suffered, on average, 128 fatalities per 100,000 workers compared to 5 per 100,000 for all occupations. Over the 6-year period, 1 out of every 780 loggers lost his life to a work injury, which translates into 57 fatal injuries per 1,000 workers over a 45-year lifetime of timber cutting, a 5.7% risk of dying on the job. The average rate of on the job injury for this same time period was 128.3 per 100,000. In the competitive logging industry, the median weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary earners in the forestry and logging occupations was $443, compared to $490 for all occupations. The adoption of special safety clothing, hardhats, and other paraphernalia has only slightly reduced the hazards. Hidden internal defect including invisible root and butt rots that allow a tree to break without warning at any time during felling, dead or damaged branches or  widow makers that can fall at any time, the effects of wind gusts in partially opened stands hitting and snapping off trees that previously have been shielded from the force of the wind by surrounding trees, just felled, create hazards that no amount of personal safety equipment will ever eliminate. Heavy equipment is now available where the operator sits in an enclosed armored cab while the tree is grasped by the machine, severed at the base, and tipped back to be hauled away. Such heavy equipment also renders block clearcutting the only feasible harvesting method, with all of the attendant disease problems in the subsequent stand. Fatalities, Injury and Illness in the Forestry and Logging Industry 2009-20122009201020112012FatalitiesNumber of fatalities53737862Rate of injury and illness cases per 100 full-time workersTotal recordable cases4.33.65.04.3Cases involving days away from work, job restriction, or transfer1.82.03.32.5Cases involving days away from work1.61.82.92.2Cases involving days of job transfer or restriction0.10.20.3Source: Occupational Employment Statistics 1. The National Timber Harvesting and Transportation Safety Foundation s Revised Logger's Guide to the New OSHA Logging Safety Standards (FRA 95-A-14) made available in print by the Forest Resources Association, provides: At every step in the logging process, from felling the tree to transporting it to the mill or yard, workers are subject to a variety of hazards from the environment, type of work, equipment, and physical and emotional strains. Recent logging injury analyses also point out that: Nearly one-half of the injuries incurred by equipment operators are the result of slipping and falling while mounting or dismounting their machine. Nearly 50% of all logging injuries are incurred by workers with less than one year's experience on the job. On mechanized operations, more accidents occur at the landing than in the woods. On fully-mechanized operations, nearly 25% of the injuries reported are the result of a truck driver, equipment operator, or supervisor using a chainsaw to fell or delimb an "oversize" or "difficult-to-access" tree that cannot be processed by the feller-buncher or delimber. OSHA requires that all employers with 11 or more employees must maintain OSHA's Log and Summary Form 200. It is recommended employers maintain an annual log of all recordable job related injuries and illnesses. A recordable injury is one requiring medical treatment beyond first aid. An employer must report any accident which results in one (1) or more deaths or in hospitalization of 3 or more employees. The report must be made within 8 hours after the accident and can be made orally or in writing to the Area OSHA Director.2. First-year workers (new employees) incur nearly one-half of the reported logging accidents and injuries each year. A six step first year training program has been developed and is required by OSHA for Logging Operations under 29CFR1910.266. New employee(s) must be certified in First Aid and may optionally be provided with a specially colored or distinctly marked hard hat and high-visibility vest to serve as a constant reminder to the other workers that he is a high-risk first-year crew member. After a successful 90-day safety  probationary period, reward the new employee with a  regular hard hat and vest at a crew-wide safety meeting. Approved hard hats shall be worn by all persons present on the logging operation including log truck drivers and anyone on or near the woods or landing areas. Safety glasses, face shields, or goggles shall be worn by all workers involved in activities where wood chips, sawdust, flying particles, foreign objects (twigs, limbs, branches) may injure, puncture, scratch, or damage workers' eyes. Eye protection shall be required for chainsaw operators and also for equipment operators where cab protection or a windshield is not adequate. Hearing protection shall be worn by all workers operating chainsaws or woods equipment. All workers in the immediate area of any mechanized equipment shall use hearing protection. Heavy-duty logging boots that are waterproof or water repellant, cover and provide support to the ankle and protect the employee from penetration by chainsaws shall be worn by all workers. Chainsaw operators must wear boots or socks or overboots that will protect them against contact with a running chainsaw. "Slip on" boots are not to be used by workers involved in logging operations due to the lack of adequate ankle support. Chaps or safetypants shall be worn by all timber fellers, limbers, and buckers, and any other workers using chainsaws. Leg protection of ballistic nylon or other leg protection the employer demonstrates provides equivalent protection shall be used and shall cover the full length of the thigh to the top of the boot on each leg. Chainsaw cuts to the legs are one of the most frequent injuries reported from logging operations. When leg protection is used by chainsaw operators the chances for saw cuts are greatly reduced. There are many varieties of leg protection available which are light weight, comfortable, and affordable. Leg protection provides a saw operator reaction time to remove the saw from the leg area before a severe injury occurs. Protective chaps or pants have proven to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of chainsaw cuts to the legs. Cotton gloves or other suitable gloves providing equivalent protection shall be worn by all workers handling wire rope. Employees handling cable or wire rope, operating a chainsaw, or performing other work potentially hazardous to hands shall wear hand protection. Respiratory protection shall be provided and used where workers are exposed to dust, smoke, gas fumes, vapors, sprays, or adverse environmental conditions that may affect breathing. Workers shall wear respiratory protection where operator cabs are not properly enclosed and where workers are exposed to such conditions as extreme dust, engine fumes, and engine smoke. Workers shall be trained in the use of respiratory protection. Wood workers shall wear properly fitted clothes which are appropriate for the job. Floppy cuffs, dangling shirt tails, loose or frayed material that might catch or snag on equipment controls, moving parts, handles, doors, etc. should not be worn. Cuffless pants should be worn.2. First-year workers (new employees) incur nearly one-half of the reported logging accidents and injuries each year. A six step first year training program has been developed and is required by OSHA for Logging Operations under 29CFR1910.266. New employee(s) must be certified in First Aid and may optionally be provided with a specially colored or distinctly marked hard hat and high-visibility vest to serve as a constant reminder to the other workers that he is a high-risk first-year crew member. After a successful 90-day safety  probationary period, reward the new employee with a  regular hard hat and vest at a crew-wide safety meeting. Approved hard hats shall be worn by all persons present on the logging operation including log truck drivers and anyone on or near the woods or landing areas. Safety glasses, face shields, or goggles shall be worn by all workers involved in activities where wood chips, sawdust, flying particles, foreign objects (twigs, limbs, branches) may injure, puncture, scratch, or damage workers' eyes. Eye protection shall be required for chainsaw operators and also for equipment operators where cab protection or a windshield is not adequate. Hearing protection shall be worn by all workers operating chainsaws or woods equipment. All workers in the immediate area of any mechanized equipment shall use hearing protection. Heavy-duty logging boots that are waterproof or water repellant, cover and provide support to the ankle and protect the employee from penetration by chainsaws shall be worn by all workers. Chainsaw operators must wear boots or socks or overboots that will protect them against contact with a running chainsaw. "Slip on" boots are not to be used by workers involved in logging operations due to the lack of adequate ankle support. Chaps or safetypants shall be worn by all timber fellers, limbers, and buckers, and any other workers using chainsaws. Leg protection of ballistic nylon or other leg protection the employer demonstrates provides equivalent protection shall be used and shall cover the full length of the thigh to the top of the boot on each leg. Chainsaw cuts to the legs are one of the most frequent injuries reported from logging operations. When leg protection is used by chainsaw operators the chances for saw cuts are greatly reduced. There are many varieties of leg protection available which are light weight, comfortable, and affordable. Leg protection provides a saw operator reaction time to remove the saw from the leg area before a severe injury occurs. Protective chaps or pants have proven to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of chainsaw cuts to the legs. Cotton gloves or other suitable gloves providing equivalent protection shall be worn by all workers handling wire rope. Employees handling cable or wire rope, operating a chainsaw, or performing other work potentially hazardous to hands shall wear hand protection. Respiratory protection shall be provided and used where workers are exposed to dust, smoke, gas fumes, vapors, sprays, or adverse environmental conditions that may affect breathing. Workers shall wear respiratory protection where operator cabs are not properly enclosed and where workers are exposed to such conditions as extreme dust, engine fumes, and engine smoke. Workers shall be trained in the use of respiratory protection. Wood workers shall wear properly fitted clothes which are appropriate for the job. Floppy cuffs, dangling shirt tails, loose or frayed material that might catch or snag on equipment controls, moving parts, handles, doors, etc. should not be worn. Cuffless pants should be worn.2. First-year workers (new employees) incur nearly one-half of the reported logging accidents and injuries each year. A six step first year training program has been developed and is required by OSHA for Logging Operations under 29CFR1910.266. New employee(s) must be certified in First Aid and may optionally be provided with a specially colored or distinctly marked hard hat and high-visibility vest to serve as a constant reminder to the other workers that he is a high-risk first-year crew member. After a successful 90-day safety  probationary period, reward the new employee with a  regular hard hat and vest at a crew-wide safety meeting. Approved hard hats shall be worn by all persons present on the logging operation including log truck drivers and anyone on or near the woods or landing areas. Safety glasses, face shields, or goggles shall be worn by all workers involved in activities where wood chips, sawdust, flying particles, foreign objects (twigs, limbs, branches) may injure, puncture, scratch, or damage workers' eyes. Eye protection shall be required for chainsaw operators and also for equipment operators where cab protection or a windshield is not adequate. Hearing protection shall be worn by all workers operating chainsaws or woods equipment. All workers in the immediate area of any mechanized equipment shall use hearing protection. Heavy-duty logging boots that are waterproof or water repellant, cover and provide support to the ankle and protect the employee from penetration by chainsaws shall be worn by all workers. Chainsaw operators must wear boots or socks or overboots that will protect them against contact with a running chainsaw. "Slip on" boots are not to be used by workers involved in logging operations due to the lack of adequate ankle support. Chaps or safetypants shall be worn by all timber fellers, limbers, and buckers, and any other workers using chainsaws. Leg protection of ballistic nylon or other leg protection the employer demonstrates provides equivalent protection shall be used and shall cover the full length of the thigh to the top of the boot on each leg. Chainsaw cuts to the legs are one of the most frequent injuries reported from logging operations. When leg protection is used by chainsaw operators the chances for saw cuts are greatly reduced. There are many varieties of leg protection available which are light weight, comfortable, and affordable. Leg protection provides a saw operator reaction time to remove the saw from the leg area before a severe injury occurs. Protective chaps or pants have proven to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of chainsaw cuts to the legs. Cotton gloves or other suitable gloves providing equivalent protection shall be worn by all workers handling wire rope. Employees handling cable or wire rope, operating a chainsaw, or performing other work potentially hazardous to hands shall wear hand protection. Respiratory protection shall be provided and used where workers are exposed to dust, smoke, gas fumes, vapors, sprays, or adverse environmental conditions that may affect breathing. Workers shall wear respiratory protection where operator cabs are not properly enclosed and where workers are exposed to such conditions as extreme dust, engine fumes, and engine smoke. Workers shall be trained in the use of respiratory protection. Wood workers shall wear properly fitted clothes which are appropriate for the job. Floppy cuffs, dangling shirt tails, loose or frayed material that might catch or snag on equipment controls, moving parts, handles, doors, etc. should not be worn. Cuffless pants should be worn.2. First-year workers (new employees) incur nearly one-half of the reported logging accidents and injuries each year. A six step first year training program has been developed and is required by OSHA for Logging Operations under 29CFR1910.266. New employee(s) must be certified in First Aid and may optionally be provided with a specially colored or distinctly marked hard hat and high-visibility vest to serve as a constant reminder to the other workers that he is a high-risk first-year crew member. After a successful 90-day safety  probationary period, reward the new employee with a  regular hard hat and vest at a crew-wide safety meeting. Approved hard hats shall be worn by all persons present on the logging operation including log truck drivers and anyone on or near the woods or landing areas. Safety glasses, face shields, or goggles shall be worn by all workers involved in activities where wood chips, sawdust, flying particles, foreign objects (twigs, limbs, branches) may injure, puncture, scratch, or damage workers' eyes. Eye protection shall be required for chainsaw operators and also for equipment operators where cab protection or a windshield is not adequate. Hearing protection shall be worn by all workers operating chainsaws or woods equipment. All workers in the immediate area of any mechanized equipment shall use hearing protection. Heavy-duty logging boots that are waterproof or water repellant, cover and provide support to the ankle and protect the employee from penetration by chainsaws shall be worn by all workers. Chainsaw operators must wear boots or socks or overboots that will protect them against contact with a running chainsaw. "Slip on" boots are not to be used by workers involved in logging operations due to the lack of adequate ankle support. Chaps or safetypants shall be worn by all timber fellers, limbers, and buckers, and any other workers using chainsaws. Leg protection of ballistic nylon or other leg protection the employer demonstrates provides equivalent protection shall be used and shall cover the full length of the thigh to the top of the boot on each leg. Chainsaw cuts to the legs are one of the most frequent injuries reported from logging operations. When leg protection is used by chainsaw operators the chances for saw cuts are greatly reduced. There are many varieties of leg protection available which are light weight, comfortable, and affordable. Leg protection provides a saw operator reaction time to remove the saw from the leg area before a severe injury occurs. Protective chaps or pants have proven to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of chainsaw cuts to the legs. Cotton gloves or other suitable gloves providing equivalent protection shall be worn by all workers handling wire rope. Employees handling cable or wire rope, operating a chainsaw, or performing other work potentially hazardous to hands shall wear hand protection. Respiratory protection shall be provided and used where workers are exposed to dust, smoke, gas fumes, vapors, sprays, or adverse environmental conditions that may affect breathing. Workers shall wear respiratory protection where operator cabs are not properly enclosed and where workers are exposed to such conditions as extreme dust, engine fumes, and engine smoke. Workers shall be trained in the use of respiratory protection. Wood workers shall wear properly fitted clothes which are appropriate for the job. Floppy cuffs, dangling shirt tails, loose or frayed material that might catch or snag on equipment controls, moving parts, handles, doors, etc. should not be worn. Cuffless pants should be worn. 2. First-year workers (new employees) incur nearly one-half of the reported logging accidents and injuries each year. A six step first year training program has been developed and is required by OSHA for Logging Operations under 29CFR1910.266. New employee(s) must be certified in First Aid and may optionally be provided with a specially colored or distinctly marked hard hat and high-visibility vest to serve as a constant reminder to the other workers that he is a high-risk first-year crew member. After a successful 90-day safety  probationary period, reward the new employee with a  regular hard hat and vest at a crew-wide safety meeting. Approved hard hats shall be worn by all persons present on the logging operation including log truck drivers and anyone on or near the woods or landing areas. Safety glasses, face shields, or goggles shall be worn by all workers involved in activities where wood chips, sawdust, flying particles, foreign objects (twigs, limbs, branches) may injure, puncture, scratch, or damage workers' eyes. Eye protection shall be required for chainsaw operators and also for equipment operators where cab protection or a windshield is not adequate. Hearing protection shall be worn by all workers operating chainsaws or woods equipment. All workers in the immediate area of any mechanized equipment shall use hearing protection. Heavy-duty logging boots that are waterproof or water repellant, cover and provide support to the ankle and protect the employee from penetration by chainsaws shall be worn by all workers. Chainsaw operators must wear boots or socks or overboots that will protect them against contact with a running chainsaw. "Slip on" boots are not to be used by workers involved in logging operations due to the lack of adequate ankle support. Chaps or safetypants shall be worn by all timber fellers, limbers, and buckers, and any other workers using chainsaws. Leg protection of ballistic nylon or other leg protection the employer demonstrates provides equivalent protection shall be used and shall cover the full length of the thigh to the top of the boot on each leg. Chainsaw cuts to the legs are one of the most frequent injuries reported from logging operations. When leg protection is used by chainsaw operators the chances for saw cuts are greatly reduced. There are many varieties of leg protection available which are light weight, comfortable, and affordable. Leg protection provides a saw operator reaction time to remove the saw from the leg area before a severe injury occurs. Protective chaps or pants have proven to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of chainsaw cuts to the legs. Cotton gloves or other suitable gloves providing equivalent protection shall be worn by all workers handling wire rope. Employees handling cable or wire rope, operating a chainsaw, or performing other work potentially hazardous to hands shall wear hand protection. Respiratory protection shall be provided and used where workers are exposed to dust, smoke, gas fumes, vapors, sprays, or adverse environmental conditions that may affect breathing. Workers shall wear respiratory protection where operator cabs are not properly enclosed and where workers are exposed to such conditions as extreme dust, engine fumes, and engine smoke. Workers shall be trained in the use of respiratory protection. Wood workers shall wear properly fitted clothes which are appropriate for the job. Floppy cuffs, dangling shirt tails, loose or frayed material that might catch or snag on equipment controls, moving parts, handles, doors, etc. should not be worn. Cuffless pants should be worn.  Source: OSHA  95 3. The Game of Logging mantra is  safety, safety, safety . Since most logging deaths are the result of blunt traumas from above, loggers should always check for overhead hazards. The  death zone is within 12 feet of the stump and statistics show that 85 percent of all logging injuries occur within this zone. The top side of the tip is a danger zone where a chain at working speed will cause the saw to kick back if something comes in contact with this area. When a kickback occurs with the saw-bar outside of the kerf, the reaction is so explosive, it is impossible to control. The chain-brake feature on modern saws is intended to stop a moving chain before it hits the operator, usually in the face or upper body. On the bottom quarter of the bar tip, just after the moving chain leaves the kickback zone, the operator can use chain pull to gradually pivot the saw, plunging it tip first into the stem. Perfecting the plunge cut is the key to safer felling techniques. Harvesters must pay attention to tree lean and any unsafe limbs that might jar loos during the felling process. In an open-face notch, both the top cut and the bottom cut angle into one another. The top and bottom cuts are exactly perpendicular to the expected line of fall. The hinge controls the fall of the tree until it hits the ground. The length of the hinge should be about 80 percent of the tree s dbh, and the thickness of the hinge is about 10 percent of dbh. Hinge size and shape is crucial to accurate felling. Once a tree begins to fall, control resides in the hinge. Once a tree begins to fall, the logger should be exiting the area via a preplanned escape route, not following the stem by shaping the hinge as the tree falls. 4. Anywhere within 12 feet of the stump is the death zone. The logger exits the zone as soon as the tree begins to fall. This feat is accomplished. Once the face cut is complete, the logger uses a plunge cut that is even with, and the correct distance behind, the throat of the open-face notch (using the 80/10 rule). If the tree is 30 inches dbh, the plunge cut is 3 inches behind the throat of the notch, leaving a 3-inch hinge. The feller carefully pivots the bottom tip of the working chain into the stem until the entire tip is safely past the kickback zone. The bar is then plunged parallel to the throat of the notch completely through the tree or to the extent of the bar. If stump diameter exceeds bar length, the feller initiates a plunge cut on the other side so that the cuts match. When the plunge cut is complete, the logger cuts horizontally  in the opposite direction of the face cut  toward the back side of the tree, using felling wedges if necessary to prevent the stem from settling on the bar. The plunge cut is completed a few inches from the back side of the tree, leaving two points of connection between the trunk and stump: the hinge, and the release wood. On larger stems, and in situations where the intended falling direction is opposing lean, some of the tree weight is taken up by plastic felling-wedges. The final felling cut is initiated in traditional fashion. The feller severs the last few inches of fiber, the release wood. The tree then falls in the direction the hinge allows while the feller is safely back from the falling tree, well outside the death zone. In species like ash and spruce sapwood that will experience fiber pull in the hinge area it is wise to use wing cuts on either side of the hinge, going no further than the depth of the sapwood. The wing cuts conserve log value in the butt log, the most valuable part of the tree. Kinetic energy, such as spring-poles, limbing and bucking, must be dealt with in a controlled fashion. 5. In addition to the obvious risks to human health and life, there are five primary environmental risks loggers are liable for. First, the physical effects of heavy equipment on fragile forest soils, both in terms of altering essential patters and processes in the  hidden forest of soil and in terms of the effects of soil loss where the mineral component is exposed to runoff. Secondary  but no less important  are the impacts of silt and sedimentation on benthic communities in forest streams and on the reproductive habits of fish that spawn in forest waters. Second. The physical effects of timber extraction on injuries to residual trees, including (1) decreased soil oxygen and damage to fine-root systems from compression and soil shearing, permitting entry of disease-causing organisms; and (2) main-stem injuries that predispose to disease-causing organisms. Combined, these effects cause a reduction in productive capacity and in stem strength, and potentially lead to severe degradation of future timber values. Third, the environmental impacts of pollution from petroleum products such as hydraulic fluids, engine and sawchain lubricants, and fuels used by timber extraction equipment. Petroleum spills must be protected against. Petroleum lubricants, fluids and fuel additives can be replaced with nontoxic, biodegradable alternatives. Fourth, invasive species can prove to be highly aggressive, pernicious and capable of spreading widely in disturbed forests, with displaced habitat for native species and natural forest regeneration. Fifth, the potential effects of habitat fragmentation unfavorable to wildlife species that are highly sensitive to changes in forest structure and composition.  Source: National Park Service D. The Secretary or National Park Foundation may receive donations of land and money under 54USC101101-101120. The end of the law is that, any person or instrumentality who destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any parkland is liable to the United States for response costs and damages resulting from the destruction, loss, or injury under 54USC100722. The most familiar of America's parks are the City, State and National Parks. America's parks operate under a variety of names including; state forests, natural areas, national forests, national grasslands, landmarks, monuments, historic sites, geologic sites, recreation trails, memorial sites, preserves, wayside areas, heritage parks, resource centers, scenic rivers, agricultural areas, state forest nursery, metro parks, fishing piers, fish hatchery's, wildlife areas, plus several other names that use slight variations or combinations of the aforementioned. The 334 units of the U.S. national park system, encompass 89 million acres. The forty-eight national parks cover about 47 million acres. Since 1916, the National Park Service (NPS) has been entrusted with the care of national parks. With the help of 20,000 employees, volunteers and partners, that national parks host more than 275 million human visitors every year. The National Park Service is a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Interior and is led by a Director nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Director is supported by senior executives who manage national programs, policy, and budget in the Washington, DC, headquarters and seven regional directors responsible for national park management and program implementation. 1. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was established in 1824 under the War Department and transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1849. The Department maintains relationships with 567 federally recognized Tribes in the lower 48 States and Alaska and provides support to a service population of more than two million people. The 2018 President s budget for Indian Affairs is $2.5 billion in current appropriations, $303.3 million below the 2017 CR baseline level reflecting the need of decadent traitors to balance the budget by 2027. Indian Affairs outlays should be tribal government and welfare finance, not colonial enforcement bribery because the tribal police is paid in full by the tribal government. When the budget is stabilized the Bureau of Indian Affairs is due 3% growth for native americans to defeat 2.7% inflation while government administration is marginalized at 2.5%; tribal offsetting receipts would go to 4% growth in spending on cash benefits to the poor. FY18 budget cuts constitute an extremely discriminatory form of deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. The President, like the Standing Rock security contractors before him, rumored to have travelled from Ohio, must be impeached for treason regarding their levy for war and conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country under 18USC956. The Federal Regulatory Energy Commission (FERC) must compensate Standing Rock tribal members under Art. 14 of the International Convention against Torture, Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Punishment or Treatment. Standing Rock Reservation is due a crudely estimated $100 million compensation by pipeline oil companies as a Policy statement on consultation with Indian tribes in Commission proceedings under 18CFR2.1c. Compensation is due process for the violent and property crimes of water pollution, tipi toppling, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and water torture at 26 degrees Fahrenheit against a lawfully assembled civilian population, especially those protestors too old, fat and disabled to get away when the riot police toppled a bridge, in one massacre. The only obligation imposed upon the tribe by this $100 million tribal fine is that they make a good faith effort to perfect bona fide claims to Trump Trail coast to coast, that run through their Reservation not far from Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve 24USC153, by written agreement with the National Trail System Act of 1968 under 16USC1246(h)(1). Use of force and territorial aggression by security contractors hired by pipeline companies trespassing on tribal watersheds protected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission pipeline rerouting decision of September 2016 is in contravention to the jus cogens, universal norm, of international law, the principle of non-use of force, in Art. 2(4) of the United Nations Charter. Standing Rock Reservation area was reported to have the most reduced life-expectancy in the nation in 2017 and the tribal government must dispose of the effects of deceased under 24USC420. E. Between 1804 and 1870 there were 110 scientific explorations west of the Mississippi River. The national park system began in 1832 when Congress withdrew the region of Hot Springs, Arkansas, from appropriation by the various land laws and declared it the first natural federal preserve for the medicinal value of its hydrotherapy. On March 1, 1872 Congress created Yellowstone National Park as  a public park or pleasuring ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people without appropriating money for its protection. Poaching reduced the buffalo herd from 541 to twenty-two before Congress appropriated funds to buy domesticated specimens to breed with the remaining wild ones. Machinac Island National Park in Michigan was established in 1875, and twenty years later turned over to Michigan. In 1882 Congress decided, no longer could park forests be logged arbitrarily, or could construction take place within one-quarter of a mile of the park s most important wonders. On August 17, 1886, Troop M of the United States Calvary rode into Yellowstone and relieved the civilian superintendent of his duties. For thirty-two years, the military, by all accounts, did an excellent job. Army supervision was later established in Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant parks as well, and in the performance of their duties the military park rangers even earned the praise of John Muir, who died in 1914, at the first outbreak of WWI draft dodgers, who said,  In pleasing contrast to the noisy, ever-changing management or mismanagement of blustering, blundering, plundering, moneymaking vote sellers& the soldiers do their duty so quietly that the traveler is scarcely aware of their presence . In 1890 Yosemite, Sequoia and General Grant (later incorporated into Sequoia) national parks were established within days of one another. Sequoia and General Grant were known primarily as  tree parks to stop the vandalism of the world s largest tree Sequoiadendron giganteum. 1. Slowly in a piecemeal fashion, the system grew: Mount Rainier, 1899; Crater Lake, 1902 (Judge William Gladstone Steel funded the park himself and served as its superintendant without pay); Mesa Verde, 1906; Petrified Forest, 1906; Grand Canyon, 1908; Zion, 1909; Olympic, 1909; Glacier, 1910; Rocky Mountain, 19156; Hawaii Volcanoes, 1916. By 1916, twenty national monuments had been declared by Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, by executive order. In 1914 Interior Secretary Lane hired an old classmate of his named Stephen Tyng Mather, a forty-seven-year-old millionaire who traced his ancestry to Cotton Mather, who had spent twenty-two years in the borax business, to be his assistant in charge of the parks. The first order of business was to get a National Park Service bill through Congress. Mather wined and dined Congress members in the parks and published an elegant book, the National Parks Portfolio, which was distributed free of charge to 250,000 people by the General Federation of Women s Clubs. In 1916 Congress passed and President Woodrow Wilson signed the Act to create the National Park Service  to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. Before illness forced his retirement in 1929 (he died in 1930), he doubled the size of the park domain from 7,500 to 15,846 square miles by adding seven new parks and thirteen new monuments to the system, with increasingly larger budget appropriations. Even without adequate roads, automobiles in great numbers were soon rumbling through most of the parks  only some ten thousand vehicles a year at first, but by 1919 the number had soared to 98,000. Those who arrived by car outnumbered by four to one those who arrived by train. 2. By 1980 visitations to the national parks had increased to more than 300 million a year, with the heaviest use concentrated in such Eastern parks as Shenandoah, which in 1980 received 7.5 million visitors, while Yellowstone and Yosemite each received about 2 million. In some parks, roads and sewage systems needed repair and many park buildings were declared  hazards . It was estimated to cost $1.6 billion to make the necessary capital improvements and acquiring new ands would be irresponsible if the old ones were not repaired first. The estimate was later reduced by half a billion dollars and Congress refused to permit LWCF money to be used in any way other than for acquisition. Before the budget crunch of 1985, brought it to a halt, the agency managed to spend $800 million. State of the Parks, published by the National Park Service in 1980, at the prompting of a bipartisan Congressional request, identified 4,345 threats to park integrity, more than half of which originated outside the parks. Threats were divided into seven categories: aesthetic degradation, air pollution, extraction of resources, encroachment of exotic animal and plant species, visitor impacts, water-quality pollution, and park operation, including the use of biocides. Park visitation has risen tenfold since 1950 and by the 1990s the national parks were subjected to as many as 400 million total visits every year. The Land Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) is authorized a ceiling of $900 million annually for park acquisition. 3. There are approximately 24,000 privately owned  inholdings checker-boarding the national park system. Many thousand of these have already been authorized for purchase, and many thousands more should be acquired. If outright purchase is impossible alternative such as  life estate purchases in which the current resident of the property is allowed to live on the land until death; scenic and conservation easements, in which the land is preserved from any sort of development that will degrade the resource in any way, even while under private ownership; and restrictive zoning in cooperation with state and local governments. Purchase is always preferred and this can be accomplished through a declaration of taking. There are a number of areas left in the lower forty-eight states that are deserving of park status. Candidate areas include a Grasslands National Park in Montana, a Tallgrass Prairie National Park in Kansas/Missouri, a Great Basin National Park in Utah/Nevada, a Big Sur National Seashore or National Park in California, Bioluminescent Bay National Park in Washington and 200 square mile Crater Lake National Park expansion to the Oregon Coast. Ever since the passage of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, there has been an uncommonly extensive amount of road work done in many parks; some roads have been widened, regarded, and otherwise improved to the point that the reconstruction has significantly degraded the park environment and the park experience. A system-wide moratorium should be put into effect by the Park Service on all such activities, and a thorough review with public involvement, should be conducted. Of special concern are Olympic, Crater Lake and Shenandoah national parks. Stay on the trail. F. The Indians put their feet where the animals had gone, and established a network of trails that laced through the woodlands and mountains of the East for the purposes of hunting and trading. When the Europeans came, they put the same network to their own purposes, which included not only hunting and trading, but settlement, the footpaths gradually widening into horse trails, then wagon roads, interconnecting with the rivers to form a transportation system that serviced the needs of the loose coalition of colonies between the Atlantic Coast and the banks of the Mississippi. Into the West, some trails blazed instead of followed. Lewis and Clark headed over the High Plains to the Rocky Mountains from their camp on the upper Missouri in 1804. The number of miles of trails in the National Forest System peaked in the 1940s at 144,000 miles. Between 1932 and 1950, 20 million acres were added to the National Forest System, but the number of trail miles decreased by 3,000 miles. The network of scenic, historic, and recreation trails created by the National Trails System Act of 1968 connects the north and south by means of the >1,000 mile Pacific Crest Trail, Continental Divide Trail and Appalachian Trail, however the >2,500 mile east-to-west trails have become tarred over, disconnected and historic. From 1964-1974 23,000 miles of trails were lost. By 1974 the trail system mileage was only two-thirds what it had been forty years earlier, and by 1980 only 101,000 mile remained. Written instruments such as cooperative agreements, assistance agreements, are volunteer agreements, and memoranda of understanding should be used to formalize National Trail partnerships at the relevant agency level consistent with the National Trail System Act of 1968 under 16USC1246(h)(1). Trump Trail coast to coast. 87 Justice A. The Office of the federal Attorney General was created in the Judiciary Act of 1789. The U.S. Department of Justice was founded by the 1870 Act to Establish the Department of Justice. The Department s FY 2018 Discretionary Budget request totals $27.7 billion, including $25.8 billion for federal programs, and a net $1.9 billion for state, local, and tribal colonialism, that is not precisely explained in the spending totals, and it would seem that DOJ is giving away their newfound undistributed offsetting receipts to the state and local police who are advised to freeze the state terrorist assets and give them due process as DOJ undistributed offsetting receipts. $27.7 billion FY18 is -2.1% less than the FY 17 budget request, but the discretionary totals add up for the first time and it is possible to prevent a great number of murders from occurring by redressing the diversion of undistributed offsetting receipts. Furthermore, the FBI, DEA, US Marshall Interagency Drug and Crime Task Force, and state and local justice assistance grants also need to be abolished to generate offsetting receipts. If the DEA levy for war is not reduced to below 114th Congress levels of spending, due process is to terminate both FBI and DEA OPM disability retirement benefits before trying them for hostages. For the written portion the much improved FY 18 congressional budget request fails to explain outlays by agency under 31USC101. 1. For the mathematical portion the FY 18 summary of appropriations fails to make sense of the subtotal addition errors. DOJ does seem cognizant that scorekeeping credits are not a generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) and there is now a distinct line between discretionary and mandatory portions of the budget for the purpose of estimating discretionary outlays. The total outlay estimate is thought to be accurate enough, although it cannot do justice to total budget authority until the FY 18 reports of the US Trustees, Antitrust Pre-merger Filing Fee and Asset Forfeiture Fund that are elaborated in the second table below using FY 17 figures that agreed with total budget authority estimates of the Department. The errors in the subtotals of the Justice Department are believed to be the result of, double jeopardy in the computer code, regarding computing copied tabulated figures whose digits must be entered manually for the Microsoft Office Word table equation to function without Perjury under 18USC1621. A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or detect and correct, misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the entity s financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis. Justice Department Summary of Appropriations FY 16-18 (thousands) AppropriationFY 16FY 17FY 18Change FY 17-18On-budget Outlays28,089,70128,327,84327,700,000-2.1%Total Outlays28,089,70128,327,84325,738,737-9.1%Undistributed Offsetting Receipts001,961,000100%General Administration total142,500183,457144,941-2.1General Administration111,500125,896114,000-0.1Justice Information Sharing Technology31,00057,56130,941-46%Administrative Review and Appeals total559,808477,551572,24119.8% or 1.1% annual since FY 16Executive Office for Immigration Review416,283424,151498,40717.5% Transfer from Immigration Fees Account4,0003,9824,0000.5%Pardon Attorney6,5089,2934,960-46% Office of the Inspector General93,70993,53195,3281.9%Working Capital Fund (Rescissions)-69,000-164,743-144,768-12.1%U.S. Parole Commission13,30814,00013,283-5.1%National Security Division95,00097,337101,0313.8%General Legal Activities total3,286,2593,362,7073,123,324-7.1%Solicitor General11,88511,92811,916-0.1%Tax Division106,979114,135106,858-6.4%Criminal Division181,745198,712182,218-8.3%Civil Division292,214309,591291,750-5.8%Environmental & Natural Resource Division110,512122,561115,598-5.7%Legal Counsel7,9898,0158,010-0.06%Civil Rights Division148,239155,621148,125-4.8%Interpol33,43733,37434,5253.5%Antitrust164,977180,506164,663-8.8%U.S. Attorneys2,000,0001,996,1982,057,2523.1%U.S. Trustees225,908229,717225,479-1.8%Foreign Claims Settlement Commission2,3742,4092,4090%U.S. Marshall's Service total3,050,9813,216,9493,364,8654.6%Salaries & Expenses1,230,5811,228,2421,252,0001.9%Construction15,00014,97114,9710%Federal Prisoner Detention1,454,4141,451,8151,536,0005.8%Rescission of Prior Year Balances-195,974-24,0000-100%Community Relations Service14,44614,41914,4190%Assets Forfeiture Fund Current Budget Authority20,51420,47521,4754.9%Interagency Crime and Drug Enforcement512,000511,027526,0002.9%Federal Bureau of Investigation total8,718,0018,702,4288,579,477-1.4%Salaries & Expenses8,489,7868,474,8008,722,5822.9%Rescission of prior year balance-80,767-80,767-195,000141%Construction308,982308,39551,895-83%Drug Enforcement Administration2,080,0002,087,0252,164,0513.7%Bureau Firearms & Explosives 1,240,0001,237,6431,273,7762.9%Federal Prison System total7,478,5007,466,9786,756,943-9.5%Salaries & Expense6,948,5006,935,2917,085,2482.2%Building & Facilities530,000528,992113,000-79%Rescission of prior year balance00-444,000100%Federal Prison Industries 2,7002,6952,6950%Office of Justice Programs 1,770,9601,795,016 1,257,300-30%Research, Evaluation and Statistics116,000117,776111,000-5.7%OJP Salaries and Expenses[214,617][214,209][220,209]2.8%^Juvenile Justice Programs270,160269,646229,500-15%Funding within00[-92,000]100%State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance1,408,5001,431,325940,500-34%Public Safety Officers Benefits16,30016,26916,3000.2%OJP wide rescissions of prior year balance-40,000-40,000-40,0000%Community Policing (Includes OJP programs)202,000190,618208,0009.1%Community Policing212,000200,618218,0008.7%COPS Salaries and Expenses[37,374][37,303][37,303]0%Rescission of prior year balance-10,000-10,000-10,0000%Office of Violence against Women465,000459,097465,0001.3%Office of Violence against Women480,000474,097480,0001.2%OVF Funding within CVF[-379,000][-379,000][-445,000]17.4%Salaries & Expenses[19,912][19,874][19,874]0%Rescission-15,000-15,000-15,0000%Subtotal Discretionary on-budget28,089,70128,327,84325,738,737-9.1%Off-budget total19,338,87019,576,31117,324,561-11.5%Fees Collections286,000251,000401,70060%Offset from Antitrust Pre-Merger Filing Fee124,000128,000112,700-11.9%Offset from U.S. Trustee Fees and Interest on US Securities162,000123,000289,000125%Funds10,683,00011,837,00011,324,000-4.3%Crime Victims Fund9,479,00011,379,00011,020,000-3.2%Rescission 00[-1,310,000]100%Assets Forfeiture Fund1,204,000458,000304,000-34%Mandatory and Other Accounts8,120,5087,238,4515,324,213-26%Fees and Expenses of Witnesses (Mand.)270,000270,000270,0000%Independent Counsel (Permanent Indefinite)5005005000%Radiation Exposure Compensation Trust Fund (Mand.)65,00065,00050,000-23%Public Safety Officers Death Benefits (Mand.)72,00072,00072,0000%Assets Forfeiture Fund (Permanent Budget Authority)1,975,2751,378,7561,380,0130.09%Anti-Trust Pre-merger Filing Fee Collections 124,000128,000112,700-11.9%Criminal Justice Information Service (FBI)433.000433,000433,0000%9/11 Victim Compensation Fund2,565,300818,1950-100%Domestic Victims of Trafficking6,0006,0006,0000%Crime Victims Fund3,042,0003,042,0003,000,000-1.4%Victim of State Sponsored Terrorism01,025,0000-100%Healthcare Fraud Reimbursements total249,363249,860274,6489.9%HCFAC Mandatory Reimbursement58,57958,04563,83110.0%FBI-Health Care Fraud mandatory130,303131,335144,45410.0%HCFAC Discretionary Reimbursement60,48060,48066,3639.7%Congressional Budget Authority47,428,57147,904,15443,063,298-8.5%Justice Total Discretionary with Fees28,710,70928,821,39127,731,697-3.8%On-budget Total28,089,70128,327,84325,738,737-9%Off-budget total19,338,87019,576,31117,324,561-12%Outlays 28,089,70128,327,84325,738,737-9%Pres.27,700,000Undistributed Offsetting Receipts1,961,000OMB est.39,115,00035,274,00035,988,0002%Source: Justice Department Summary of Budget Authority by Appropriation FY18, OMB Historical Tables FY17 2.The Justice Department s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2015, shows $50.8 billion in total assets, an increase of $3.8 billion over the previous year s total assets of $47.0 billion. Fund Balance with U.S. Treasury (FBWT) was $31.2 billion, which represented 61 percent of total assets. Total Department liabilities were $18.6 billion as of September 30, 2015, an increase of $2.0 billion from the previous year s total liabilities of $16.6 billion. The increase is related to Collections for federal entities by DOJ/Debt Collection Management (DCM) as required by the Federal Debt Recovery Act of 1986, which have not been disbursed, and a large deposit recorded in the Seized Asset Deposit Fund by the DOJ prior to September 2015. The Consolidated Statement of Net Cost presents Department s gross and net cost by strategic goal. The net cost of the Department s operations totaled $31.3 billion for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, a decrease of $ 0.7 billion from the previous year s net cost of operations of $32.0 billion. The decrease is related to unpaid obligations established for third party restitution payments established in the previous fiscal year. The Department shows $46.4 billion in total budgetary resources, an increase of $2.3 billion from the previous year s total budgetary resources of $44.1 billion. The increase is primarily attributed to large asset forfeitures and a $1.1 billion expenditure transfer. FY 17 the Justice Department showed $29.9 billion in net outlays, an increase of $ 0.9 billion from the previous year s total net outlays of $29.0 billion. This increase is primarily related to large asset forfeitures and a $1.1 billion expenditure transfer. Off-budget programs details are done with the most recent information that has not been updated. DOJ Off-budget programs FY16  FY 17FY 16FY 17% ChangeDiversion Control Fee[-371,515][-382,662]3.0Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund[-9,358][-11,970]27.9%Healthcare Fraud Reimbursements total-249,363-320,25928.4%HCFAC Mandatory Reimbursement[-188,882][-204,019]8%HCFAC Discretionary Reimbursement[-60,480][-116,240]92.2%Antitrust Pre-Merger Filing Fee Total Appropriations[164,977][169,101]2.5%Antitrust Pre-Merger Filing Fee Collections[-103,500][-106,087]2.5%Antitrust Pre-Merger Filing Fee Direct Appropriation61,47763,0142.5%Assets Forfeiture Fund14,67315,0392.5%Assets Forfeiture Fund Revenues[-1,960,602][-1,430,321]-27.1%Assets Forfeiture Fund Expenditures[1,975,275][1,445,360}-26.8%Diversion Control Fee[-371,515][-382,662]3.0%U.S. Trustees225,908229,7171.7%U.S. Trustees Fee Collections[-162,000][-248,000]53.1%U.S. Trustees Total Appropriations[387,908][477,717]23.2%Victim Compensation Fund Deposits[-1,604[[-1,644]2.5 %Victim Compensation Fund Disbursements[2,361][2,361]0.0%Victim Compensation Fund Balance [-8,196][-7,479]-8.8%Subtotal, Fund Expenditures3,160,7572,809,430-11.1%Subtotal, Cost of Fund Revenues304,419310,1311.9%Subtotal, Mandatory and Other Accounts2,979,233 1,379,500-53.7%Source: Appropriations Figures for the Antitrust Division Fiscal Years 1903-2016 November 27, 2015; Asset Forfeiture Program FY 17 Performance Budget Congressional Justification; Sacco, Lisa N. The Crime Victims Fund: Federal Support for Victims of Crime. Analyst in Illicit Drug and Crime Policy. Congressional Research Service. October 27, 2015 B. The FY 18 budget fails to legalize marijuana and reduce the deficit by ten billion dollars by abolishing the FBI, DEA, state and local law enforcement assistance, and the US Marshall interagency drug and crime task force under the Slavery Convention of 1926 (abolition of non-law enforcement and forest labor) as requested by more than 300 economists and 600 churches to the White House during the 114th Congress. The US Marshall's are no longer stating +/- 10.4% growth FY 17, nor are they free of Tampering with a witness, victim or an informant under 18USC1512. There is a distinct levy for DEA drug war FY 18 and this constitutes treason under 18USC2381.  First Amendment Privacy Protection needs to be restored to litigation and legislation to better protect the population from unlawful search and seizure of their work product under 42USC2000a(a). Marijuana is not a legal pregnancy test to make single mothers of Medicaid parents, families with babies are the poorest poor in the nation, they must not be enslaved without compensation when their conviction using unlawfully obtained evidence is overturned and the potentially poisoned drugs and perishables in the evidence room are destroyed and not diverted into drug war. Federal jail and prison could use some unadulterated marijuana  prison grown. The levy for the DEA must be abolished or reduced below levels criticized by the 114th Congress right away, in a public way for the Attorney General to wipe the treason from his Puerto Rican flag and wash his hands because robbing and enslaving the pregnant poor to levy Philippine style drug war, Dimethoxymethylamphetamine (DOM) rampage shootings, opiate overdoses and even poison hemlock tampers with the law of victim witnesses under 18USC1512. 2. The American killing Attorney General has unlawfully enriched DOJ accountability, a little bit, but still can't add subtotals due to double jeopardy in copying computed numbers that must entered manually to compute grand totals in Microsoft Word, at the total expense and agency instrumentalities used in the ED FY 18 budget by enabling the US Marshall to take the ED Secretary hostage to secure schools against more rampage shootings. The DEA induced shootings are now aiming at bars and hospitals, no more blaming Republicans. Justice requires the Attorney General to be equally taken into legal custody by the US Marshall to protect the nation against DEA rampage shootings under the influence of his instantly lethal levy for Philippine style drug war by the DEA in contempt of conventional wisdom. The authority for employment of the FBI and DEA Senior Executive Service under 5USC3151-3152 has needed to be abolished since the Slavery Convention of 1926 and is long overdue for force reduction under 5CFR351.803. 3. The injustice is that it is the DEA and FBI hypocrites must be laid off by OPM, not the civilian officials. If the civilian officials are wrongfully terminated, it is proposed that the anarchist DEA and FBI agents will be insured by Social Security only as punishment, more for the advocacy of the overthrow of the government inherent in the threatened wrongful termination of tens of thousands of civilian government officials than Hostage taking under 18USC1203 in contempt of Blakely v. Washington (2004) a crime of both provision of material support for terrorists 18USC2339A and harbor and concealment of terrorists under 18USC2339. C. The mission of the Department of Justice, as reflected in the Strategic Plan for fiscal years (FY) 2014-2018, is as follows: To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law, to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic, to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime, to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior, and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. Strategic Goal 1 is Prevent Terrorism and Promote the Nation s Security Consistent with the Rule of Law. Strategic Goal 2 is Prevent Crime, Protect the Rights of the American People, and Enforce Federal Law. Strategic Goal 3 is Ensure and Support the Fair, Impartial, Efficient, and Transparent Administration of Justice at the Federal, State, Local, Tribal, and International Levels. 1. The FBI ($9.2 billion FY 2017), DEA ($2.1 billion FY 2017), OJP State Local Enforcement Assistance ($1.1 billion FY 2017) and US Marshall Interagency Drug and Crime Task Force ($522 million FY 2017) equal $12.9 billion in savings FY 2017. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) was transferred from the Treasury in the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and must be renamed the Bureau of Firearms and Explosives (BFE) and be directly financed from existing taxes on firearms and ammunition and new taxes on explosives. An estimated 46,055 of 114,408, 40.3% of the DOJ workforce might be laid-off if Department of Justice prohibition enforcement officers were fired under the Slavery Convention of 1926 leaving DOJ with an estimated 71,945 employees FY 2017. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) employs 35,000 people, including special agents and support professionals such as intelligence analysts, language specialists, scientists, and information technology specialists. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) employs 11,055 people, including special agents and support staff. The FBI has 56 field offices located in major cities throughout the U.S., more than 350 satellite offices called resident agencies in cities and towns across the nation, and more than 60 international offices called legal attachs in U.S. embassies worldwide. The DEA has 221 Domestic Offices in 21 Divisions throughout the U.S., and 90 Foreign Offices in 69 countries. For the most part, these assets should be forfeited to the Department of Treasury Asset Forfeiture Fund rather than the Department of Justice Asset Forfeiture Fund whereas the Treasury makes the United States revenues to ensure officers receive between 40% to 80% of their current wage from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM). 2. Expiration of commissions under the Slavery Convention of 1926: the Judiciary US Sentencing Commission, Justice Department FBI, DEA, (ATF), OJP Community Policing, State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance, US Marshall's Drug and Crime Task Force, and White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), to reduce the federal budget deficit, and conversion of the State Department International Narcotic Control and Law Enforcement, International Military Education and Training, Foreign Military Finance, and War Crime Tribunal funding, including the residuals, to legitimate international assistance. 3. Recommissioning under the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956): The Judiciary Court of International Trade of the United States (COITUS) needs to change its name to Customs Court (CC); the Justice Department Bureau for Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) needs to change its name to Bureau for Firearms and Explosives (FE) and legislate a share of the federal tax revenues generated by sales of firearms and ammunition and fees for criminal background checks based upon 2.5% annual growth; the Treasury needs to change the name of the Alcohol, Tobacco, Tax and Trade Bureau (ATTTB) to Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana (ATM) pursuant to the legalization of marijuana under the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956). 4. Customarily when a significant number of employees are selected for release in a force reduction employees must be given 60 written notice regarding their eligibility for re-employment under 5CFR351.803, however the FBI and DEA Senior Executive Service have hacked themselves so extensively into the code that they require special treatment. The Authority for Employment of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Senior Executive Service under 5USC3151-3152 must be repealed by Congress or abolished by the federal Court, if it was ever passed in the first place and not merely a product of the criminal technology they abuse. Furthermore the clause, 'or to a member of the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service' must be repealed from the end of 5USC5301(b). Enforcement of malum prohibitum is malum in se. The FBI and DEA are too insane to bear arms for the federal government and on a technological and individual basis may need to be denied ownership of weapons, criminal tools and justice information to prevent them from harming themselves or others by becoming involved in organized crime or armed rebellion when they are unsupervised. Because of the physical violence involved in miscarriages of justice resulting from the mental incapacity of the FBI and DEA that occur with much greater than 30 percent frequency in their cases the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) should award 'permanent disability' under 5USC3504 so that they are not reemployed by the United States Armed Forces, Civil or Foreign Service nor will their disability retirement need to be annually reviewed under 5USC8337(c). 5. An employee who completes 5 years of civilian service and has become disabled shall b e retired on the employee s own application or on application by the employee s agency. Any employee shall be considered to be disabled only if the employee is found by the Office of Personnel Management to be unable, because of disease or injury, to render useful and efficient service in the employee s position and is not qualified for reassignment Disability retirement under 5USC8337(a). 5USC8336(c)(1) An employee who is separated from the service after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a law enforcement officer, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer, or any combination of such service totaling at least 20 years. Repeal 5USC8336 (h)(1) A member of the Senior Executive Service who is removed from the Senior Executive Service for less than fully successful executive performance under 5USC4303 after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service, is entitled to an annuity. Like many veterans they may be dually eligible for social security disability insurance if 40% to 80% of their current wages under 5USC8339(f, g) qualify them under poverty guidelines. D. The Firearms and Explosives (FE) Bureau must be created from the active portions of the ATF that was created from various treasury bureaus in the Gun Control Act of 1968 with added authority over explosives. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) that was transferred from the Treasury to the Department of Justice in the Homeland Security Bill of 2003. The ATF must be dissolved. It is common sense that people consuming and addicted to alcohol and tobacco must not handle firearms and explosives. To safely and effectively abolish the ATF the Regulation of Firearms and Explosives would be done by a Bureau of Firearms and Explosives (BFE) in DoJ and/or U.S. Customs. In 2011 the Attorney General was indicted by Congress for potentially perjuring in regards to the negligence of his involvement in the ATF Fast Furious Program whereby the ATF helped known felons smuggle guns to the Mexican drug war. In 2007 $2.8 million from firearms and ammunition excise taxes were remitted to the Fish and Wildlife Restoration Fund under provisions of the Pittman-Robertson Act of 1937 leaving about $120 million that could be allocated to the Bureau of Firearms and Explosives (FE). FY 2017 Department of Justice budget estimates gun and explosive owners owe the FE $1.3 billion FY 2017 allowing 5.3% growth for a last time to pay for the name change before 2.5% FE agency spending growth is the rule. 1. The taxes on firearms and ammunition are 10% of sale price of pistols and revolvers and 11% of the sale price of other firearms and ammunition. $2.8 million from $123 million in firearms and ammunition excise taxes are remitted to the Fish and Wildlife Restoration Fund under provisions of the Pittman-Robertson Act of 1937. The Justice Department Bureau for Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) needs to change its name to Bureau for Firearms and Explosives (FE). In 2015 it is estimated that $11 billion were made in guns and ammunition manufacturing. An average of 1,425,000 million rifles, 777,000 shotguns, 352,625 revolvers and 889,125 pistols were manufactured in the United States over the past 8 years. 35,165 people were employed by 465 weapons manufacturing companies. There are about 50,812 retail gun stores. About $123 million in federal tax dollars are collected on firearm sales. Gross sales of 31,625,161 hunting licenses, tags, permits and stamps are $525,753,481. There were 17 million background checks for gun purchases in 2013. 32% of US households own a gun. 645,000 Americans use a firearm for protection annually. 49% feel that laws limiting gun ownership infringe on the public's right to bear arms. Firearm market share in units, not dollars, is Remington Rifles 17.5%, Remington Shotguns 21.5%, Mossberg Shotguns 21.5%, Thompsom Center Mussleloaders 31.9%, Ruger Handguns 16.7%, 17.1% Bushnell Scopes, Remington Rifle Ammunition 25.3%, Winchester Shotgun Ammunition 31.9%, and Winchester Handgun Ammunition 22% according to data derived from State Fish & Game Departments, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and IRS statistics. The Number of National Firearms Act Firearms processed in a year by the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record by Fiscal Year (FY) from FY 2005 to FY 2014. The number of NFA firearms processed were: 147,484 NFA firearms in FY 2005; 296,127 NFA firearms in FY 2006; 563,127 NFA firearms in FY 2007; 981,303 NFA firearms in FY 2008; 834,328 NFA firearms in FY 2009; 828,462 NFA firearms in FY 2010; 992,975 NFA firearms in FY 2011; 1,112,041 NFA firearms in FY 2012; 1,152,163 NFA firearms in FY 2013; and 1,383,677 NFA firearms in FY 2014. 2. The explosives industry is currently made up of more than 10,440 federal explosives licensees and permittees working in two major areas, commercial explosives and fireworks. Black powder is a low explosive, and is the oldest type of explosive material known. While used for gun powder centuries earlier, it began to be used in mining and rock blasting for road construction in the 1600s. Two centuries later, the development of nitroglycerin and dynamite led to advancements such as the construction of road tunnels and the invention of the seismometer to detect ground vibrations by earthquakes. The 1900s saw a tremendous increase in the use of explosives in the United States. The United States consumed 287 million pounds of black powder in 1907. In 2013 the United States used 6.7 billion pounds of explosives. In 2000, U.S. explosives production was 2.57 million metric tons (Mt), a 21% increase from that of 1999; sales of explosives were reported in all States. Coal mining, with 67% of total consumption, continued to be the dominant use for explosives in the United States. Kentucky, Virginia, Wyoming, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, in descending order, were the largest consuming States, with a combined total of 51% of U.S. sales. In 2003, 5 billion pounds of explosives were consumed in the United States. (2004 data is pending.) The value of this indispensable industry to the economy is $1 billion per year. In 2005 a $120 million $0.02/pound tax on explosives was proposed but it was estimated to cause 12% inflation in the price of explosives. A $0.025 tax would represent roughly an 18 percent increase to the cost of this product. If the tax were restricted to detonator sensitive explosives, the cost of products like dynamite, that retail for about $1.00/pound, would simply increase 150 percent. There are 61 million detonators used annually containing less than 1 gram of explosives each. All tolled, these devices would generate about $550 in revenue, but the paperwork burden to assess this minuscule tax on a per detonator basis would be factors higher than the value of the tax. Explosives remain untaxed. E. The Crime Victims Fund (the Fund) was established by the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) of 1984. The Fund is financed by fines and penalties paid by convicted federal offenders, not from tax dollars. As of September 2013, the Fund balance had reached almost $9 billion and includes deposits from federal criminal fines, forfeited bail bonds, penalties, and special assessments collected by U.S. Attorneys Offices, federal U.S. courts, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Federal revenues deposited into the Fund also come from gifts, donations, and bequests by private parties, as provided by an amendment to VOCA through the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001 that went into effect in 2002. From 2002  2013, over $300,000 dollars have been deposited into the Fund through this provision. The FYs 2013 2014 reporting period saw the largest total deposits in the Fund s history. Almost $3.6 billion was deposited in FY 2014 the largest amount since the Fund became operational in 1985. Coupled with nearly $1.5 billion deposited in 2013, the Fund received more than $5 billion to support victims of crime. In FYs 2013 2014, state compensation benefits, which consist of both federal and state funds, totaled $751,015,672. Victims were most often compensated for claims related to assault, child abuse, and homicide. VOCA-funded assistance totaled $655,441,166 in FYs 2013 2014. Included within this total is $326 million for the Violence Against Women Act, or VAWA, Programs. Common types of direct assistance included information/referrals and criminal justice support/ advocacy. In FY2015, Congress set the CVF obligation cap at $2.361 billion, a 216.9% increase over the FY2014 cap. The new $2.361 billion cap on disbursements causes the trust fund to go down FY 2014-17. Victim Compensation Deposits, Disbursements and Balance FY85 - FY17 (millions) Fiscal Year19851986198719881989199019911992199319941995Deposits68.362.577.593.6133.5146128222145185234Deposit Cap110110110110125125150150---Disbursements68.362.577.593.6124.2127128128144.7185234Fiscal Year19961997199819992000200120022003200420052006Deposits528.9362.9324985.2777544.4519.5361.3833.7668642Deposit Cap---Disbursements528.9362.9324500537.5550600617.6671.3620625Disbursement Cap----500537.5550600621.3620625Fund Balance Year End485.2785.2792718.9822.11,3071,334Fiscal Year20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017Deposits1,0818961,7462,3621,9982,7961,4891,5261,564-1,604-1,644Disbursement = Disbursement Cap6255906357057057057307302,3612,3612,361Fund Balance at Year End1,7842,0843,1478,1866,1008,1868,9549,7508,9538,1967,479Source: Sacco, Lisa N. The Crime Victims Fund: Federal Support for Victims of Crime. Analyst in Illicit Drug and Crime Policy. Congressional Research Service. October 27, 2015. $2.361 billion Disbursement Cap 2015-17 causes trust fund balance to gradually go down around -8.8% annually. 1. When the Fund was authorized in 1984, a cap was placed on how much could be deposited into it for the first 8 years. During this time, the annual cap varied from $100 million to $150 million. The lifting of the cap in 1993 allowed for the deposit of all criminal fines, special assessments, and forfeited bail bonds to support crime victim program activities. Starting in 2000 Congress placed annual caps on obligations to protect against wide fluctuations in receipts and ensure a stable level of funding in the future. Between FY2007 and FY2008, the amount of receipts collected dropped by nearly 12% and then increased by approximately 95% in FY2009. This was followed by a 35% increase in FY2010 and a 15% decrease in FY2011. The first $10 million is used to improve the investigation and prosecution of child abuse cases. The $10 million is divided between the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ($8.5 million) and OVC ($1.5 million). The portion administered by OVC is used exclusively to help Native Americans improve the investigation and prosecution of child abuse cases, particularly child sexual abuse. The remaining Fund disbursements are distributed in the following ways: 48.5 percent to State compensation programs. 48.5 percent to State assistance programs. 3 percent for discretionary funds to support demonstration projects, training, and other assistance to expand and improve the delivery of services to federal crime victims. The formula grants may be used to reimburse crime victims for out-of-pocket expenses such as medical and mental health counseling expenses, lost wages, funeral and burial costs, and other costs (except property loss) authorized in a state s compensation statute. F. The federal prison is not going to grow like the President falsely declares before a grand jury or court under 18USC1623. The President has not taken any hostages under 18USC1203. He must pardon the hostages left after the Commutation of Sentences for Arbitrary Arrest, Detention or Exile HA-8-8-16. The United States has the highest number (2.2 million) and concentration of prisoners (746 per 100,000 residents) in the world. The detainee population must go down to the international norm of less than 250 per 100,000. Any terrorism finance to the federal prison by the President is anticipated to be subjected to a new $440 million rescission of balance at end of year FY18 that will reduce building expenses to record lows. The United States must continue to safely reduce the number of innocent prisoners lying in federal and state prisons and county jails during the 114th Congress. Mandatory minimum sentences, and any sentencing regime but the statutory maximum, must abolished under Blakely v. Washington (2004) and the Slavery Convention of 1926. The United States continues to have the burden of proving crime victims are paid cash under Arts. 14 of the International Convention against Torture, Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Punishment or Treatment and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. YearDetainees totalDetainee Population Rate1980503,5862201985744,20831119901,148,70245719951,585,58659220001,937,48268320022,033,02270320042,135,33572520062,258,79275220082,307,50475520102,270,14273120122,228,42470720142,217 947693Source: World Prison List 2016 1. US Prison population quintupled from 503,586 detainees (220 per 100,000) in 1980 to a high of 2,307,504 (755 per 100,000) in 2008 before quietly going down to 2,217,947 (696 per 100,000). A considerable amount of the increase is the result of the sentencing for drug crimes. From 1995 to 2003, inmates in federal prison for drug offenses have accounted for 49% of total prison population growth. Mid-year 2014 there were 744,592 people detained in local jails, and 1,473,355 in state or federal prisons at year-end. The prison population rate was 693 detainees per 100,000 residents at year-end 2014 based on an estimated national population of 320.1 million at end of 2014. In 2013 20.4% of people behind bars were pre-trial detainees. 9.3% were female. 0.3% were juveniles. 5.5% were foreign prisoners. There are estimated to be a total of 4,575 penal institutions - 3,283 local jails at 2006, 1,190 state confinement facilities at 2005, 102 federal confinement facilities at 2005. The official capacity of the penal system was 2,157,769 with a occupancy level of 102.7% (2013). To preliminarily compensate the impoverished victims of their miscarriages of justice and parolees who have served their sentence and been released from prison the Commissioner of Social Security has been ordered to develop a Pre-release procedure for institutionalized persons under which an individual can apply for supplemental security income benefits prior to the discharge or release of the individual from a public institution under Sec. 1631 of Title XVI of the Social Security Act 42USC1383(m). 88 Labor A. The Department of Labor (DOL) was created in the DOL Organic Act of March 4, 1913. DOL fosters and promotes the welfare of the job seekers, wage earners, and retirees of the United States. In carrying out this mission, the Department administers a variety of Federal labor laws including those that guarantee workers rights to safe and healthful working conditions; a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay; freedom from employment discrimination; unemployment insurance; and other income support. The Department of Labor (DOL) administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws. The Department of Labor spending rose from $31.9 billion FY2000 to a high of $173 billion FY2010 and is increasing 17% to $51 billion FY 2017 according to the Historical records of OMB. The FY 2017 request for the Department of Labor (DOL) was $12.8 billion in discretionary authority for 4.6% growth to 17,663 full-time equivalent employees (FTE) and $33.1 billion in mandatory funding for a total of $45.9 billion, 0.4% growth from the previous year. CR17 reduced discretionary spending to $12.2 billion and increased mandatory to $33.8. The FY 2018 request is $9.7 billion in discretionary and $33.9 billion in mandatory spending for a total of $43.6 billion FY 18 without $600 million in legislative proposals. There are two labor issues that require the $600 million of Congress: (1) The US must pay for 14 weeks Maternity Protection to comply with ILO Convention No. 183 (2000) with authorization for up to 3% increase in UC spending FY 17-FY18 and (2) For low-income workers to compete with 2.7% average annual inflation the minimum wage must automatically increase 3% annually from $7.50 in 2018, to $7.75 in 2019 and $8.00 in 2020 and 3% every year thereafter.' in one final sentence at 29USC206(a)(1)(D). Labor Department Budget FY16  FY18 (billions) FY16FY17FY 18% Change FY17-18FY 18 ILOTotal Outlays46.546.044.2 -3.9%47.3Agency12.712.29.7-20.5%9.7UC Benefits33.833.833.90.3%37.6Total46.546.043.62.4%47.3Legislative Proposals 000.6  1.0100%0Total with Legislative Proposals46.546.044.2 -3.9%47.3OMB43.651.054.05.9%54.0Full Time Equivalents16,84016,29115,924-2.3%15,924Source: Labor Department. FY 2018 Budget-in-brief. 1. The Budget saves American taxpayers $237.5 million by closing Job Corps centers and the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP), which is ineffective in transitioning youth and seniors into unsubsidized employment, for a savings of $433.5 million. To reduce the regulatory burden the FY 2018 Budget provides $543,257,000 and 1,969 FTE for OSHA a decrease of $8,479,000 and 26 FTE from the FY 2017 Full Year Continuing Resolution (CR) Level. The layoffs go far beyond the planned FY 17 department employment surge. It must be construed as punishment for the >$150 billion labor department spending during the Great Recession to ensure labor subsidies don't become expensive again. B. Unemployment compensation should stabilize at 3% annual growth while agency spending should growth at a rate of 2.5%. UC is growing at a rate of 0.3% and agency spending is declining by 20.5%. The 0.3% growth rate may constitute a terrorist attempt to coerce the unemployment compensation program into buying a defective 6 week maternity leave policy although it would be wiser to adopt 14 weeks of paid maternity protection to comply with ILO convention No. 183 (2000). The Social Security Actuary certainly didn't file a timely 2017 annual report after anemic 0.3% growth . The Budget proposes  to establish a paid parental leave benefit within the UI program to provide six weeks of paid family leave to new mothers and fathers, including adoptive parents, so all families can afford to take time to recover from childbirth and bond with a new child without worrying about paying their bills . The labor department needs to pay for the full 14 months of maternity protection required by international law. The department must drop the queer language regarding paid leave for  mother, father, and adoptive parents . The department of labor is discriminating against the high cost of insuring the 4 million women who go into labor and deliver a child in the United States annually, maybe half of them contributing to UC. UC benefits are a welfare program that theoretically should grow 3% annually for middle-income benefit and enrollment growth to compete with 2.7% annual inflation. UC benefits are currently 77% of total labor department spending total outlays could be estimated increase 2.88% annually F Y18. It may be necessary to reinvest the $1.8 billion spending reduction from CY 17 in UC or increase spending as much as 2.88% over $46 billion FY 17 to $47.3 billion FY 18 for the Labor Department to go into labor. 1. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) prescribes standards for minimum wages, child labor and overtime pay, which affect most private and public employment. The act is administered by the Wage and Hour Division of the Employment Standards Administration (ESA) that also supervises the garnishment of wages under the Consumer Credit Protection Act and the Family and Medical Leave Act. The Family and Medical Leave Act of February 5, 1993 (PL-303-3) is considered substandard and the U.S. provides only 12 weeks of unpaid leave to approximately half of mothers in the U.S. and nothing for the remainder. 45 countries ensure that fathers either receive paid paternity leave or have a right to paid parental leave. The United States guarantees fathers neither paid paternity nor paid parental leave. At least 96 countries around the world in all geographic regions and at all economic levels mandate paid annual leave. The U.S. does not require employers to provide paid annual leave. At least 37 countries have policies guaranteeing parents some type of paid leave specifically for when their children are ill. Of these countries, two-thirds guarantee more than a week of paid leave, and more than one-third guarantee 11 or more days. 139 countries provide paid leave for short- or long-term illnesses, with 117 providing a week or more annually. The U.S. provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for delivery and sever sickness of a child through the FMLA. Pregnant women are expected to pay the doctor for an estimated twenty pre-natal care visits plus expensive hospital births $2,500 + $2,500 = $5,000 for normal vaginal delivery. In 2016 the Medicaid price for uncomplicated hospital delivery in Texas was $435. To find out about the state program call 1-800-311-BABY (1-800-311-2229). C. It is recommended to amend Demonstration Projects to 'Maternity Protection' Section 305 of the Social Security Act 42USC505 (a) To expedite the reemployment of mothers who have established a benefit year to claim unemployment compensation under State law the Secretary of Labor shall pay unemployment compensation for 14 weeks of Maternity Protection under International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 183 (2000). (b) On production of a medical certificate, stating the presumed date of childbirth, a woman shall be entitled to a period of maternity leave of not less than 14 weeks. Cash benefits shall be provided at a level which ensures that the woman can maintain herself and her child in proper conditions of health and with a suitable standard of living. (1) Where a woman does not meet the conditions to qualify for cash benefits under national laws and regulations or in any other manner consistent with national practice, she shall be entitled to adequate benefits out of social assistance funds, subject to the means test required for eligibility for such assistance, from Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) under Sec. 404 of Title IV-A of the Social Security Act under 42USC604 et seq and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program for the Aged, Blind and Disabled under Sec. 1611 of Title XVI of the Social Security Act under 42USC1382 et seq. (2) Medical benefits shall be provided for the woman and her child. Medical benefits shall include prenatal, childbirth and postnatal care, as well as hospitalization care when necessary. (c) Employers shall provide at least 3 weeks of paid leave annually to uphold the Holiday with Pay ILO Convention No. 132 (1970) and Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention No. 156 (1981). Employers shall provide up to 12 week of unpaid leave to care for the severe sickness of a child under the Family and Medical Leave Act of February 5, 1993 (PL-303-3). 89 Military A. The Army, Navy, and Marine Corps were established in 1775, in concurrence with the American Revolution. On June 30, 1775, the Second Continental Congress established 69 Articles of War to govern the conduct of the Continental Army. The War Department was established in 1789 and was renamed the Department of Defense (DoD) in the Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 of July 22, 1949. The Department of Defense (DoD) is encouraged to change its name to Military Department (MD). The nation is troubled by the  pre-decisional defense budget increase from $582 billion to $606 billion FY 17 and then to $639 billion FY 18. Barack Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize, complied with the Nuclear-Non-Proliferation Treaty, reduced spending FY2013-15 and most of all there were years of peacetime when there was not a single fatality in the US military. Obama's plan for 0.4% defense spending growth FY 17 and then to cut defense spending FY 18 was unfair to the new President. Trump's travel ban and mad crusade to rob the civilian government to levy war must be impeached under Arts. 2(4) of the US Constitution and UN Charter. The principle of non-use of force is the jus cogens, universal norm of international law. Conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country 18USC956 is a crime of Provision of material support for terrorism under 18USC2339A. $606 billion FY 17 spending is 4.5% growth from $580 billion FY 16 and $639 billion FY18 is 5.7% growth from FY 17. These rates of growth are unlawfully high and if the President's slash and grab terrorism finance agenda is not decisively prohibited by under 18USC2339C will constitute Theft and Bribery of Government Programs under 18USC666. 1. The Comptroller of the Department of Defense must learn to add Air Force, Army and Navy spending to subtract from defense-wide federal spending, to calculate agency undistributed offsetting receipts under 31USC101. The Defense Budget Table FY 18 should be the first table in the final FY budget request; above the other tables containing speculation regarding the OCO, top-line, and other terms that are not generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP). The Comptroller must explain that accounting for undistributed offsetting receipts will (a) continue to secure departmental accounting against deficiencies that might arise in total war and (b) inform the public how much they save by keeping the peace. Total FY 17 spending reported by the three military departments - Air Force $168.9 billion, Army $148 billion and the Navy and Marine Corp $164.9 billion = $477.4 billion military spending - $583.3 billion in federal revenues FY17 = $106 billion, of $150 billion total, on-budget undistributed offsetting receipts that OMB uses to recover unspent funds from agencies with pervasive accounting deficiencies, 70.7% from the Defense Department. The President should not have intervened because high rates of growth in Air Force and Navy spending were justified by zero growth for the Army for overall growth of 2.9% and over $100 billion in undistributed offsetting receipts. However, because the FY 17 budget total growth is anemic and the FY 18 on steroids, the compromise is to stabilize Defense spending at 2.5% annual growth from $580 billion FY16 to $595 billion FY 17 to $609 billion FY 18 and estimate undistributed offsetting receipts in the final FY 18 Defense budget so end-strength might grow at 0.9%% from 2,882,000 FY 16 to 2,907,938 FY 17 to 2,934,109 FY 18 and afford the 1.6% basic pay raise FY17 and thereafter. Defense Department Budget 2.5% Growth FY16 - FY18 (millions) FY 16FY 17 FY 18 2.5%Air Force163,075168,939173,163Army148,000148,000151,700Navy 160,512169,370164,861Total471,587486,309489,724 FY17580,300582,700597,300 FY18 (pre-decisional)580,000606,000639,000FY 18 580,000595,000609,000Undistributed Offsetting Receipts108,731108,691118,276Source: Pre-decisional Department of Defense FY 18 Budget Request May 2017; Horlander, Thomas A. Major General. Director, Army Budget. Army FY 2017 Budget Overview. February 2016; Highlight of the Department of the Navy FY 2017 Budget; Martin, James F. Jr. Major General United States Air Force. Deputy Assistant Secretary. United States Air Force Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Overview. February 2016 B. Beginning with the Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 budget, the Defense Department began implementing $487 billion, 10-year cut in spending consistent with $500 billion annual federal spending caps instituted by the Budget Control Act of 2011. After saving a considerable sum of money complying with Nuclear Non-Proliferation (NPT) warhead decommissioning goals in 2012 the FY 2015 DoD budget request was able to reduce military spending. The FY 2015 DoD budget request could not accept sequestration levels and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 funded the Department at about $116 billion more than projected sequestration levels over the 5-year period. The Fiscal Year (FY) 2017 Defense Department budget submission complies with the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 and sustains the alignment of program priorities and resources with the 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and supports military operations in Afghanistan and other areas of the world to counter threats from terrorists. The Department s response to recent events, which include the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) offensive into Iraq and Syria, the Russian Federation s aggressive acts and attempts to intimidate neighboring countries, China s continued anti-access military modernization programs and its island-building and sovereignty claims in international waters, as well as high-profile cyberattacks, have placed additional pressures on DoD that would be extremely difficult to resource should the Department be forced to return to sequester level funding after FY 2017. The FY 2017 budget request and the enacted FY 2016 budget come after several years of declining defense budgets. This defense drawdown, which began with the FY 2010 budget, was the fifth major defense drawdown since the end of World War II (WWII), following those after WWII and the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cold War. While this decline largely reflects a significant drawdown of U.S. presence in Iraq and Afghanistan, it occurred in a period of considerable instability and was driven to a substantial extent by the restrictions of the Budget Control Act (BCA) of 2011 rather than by strategic considerations. Since the NPT goals of 2012 there has been little to justify further spending reductions. US Military End Strength FY16 - FY18 (thousands) Active DutyFY16FY17FY16-17FY 17 0.9%FY 18 0.9%Army 475,400460,000-15.0%479,700484,000Navy327,300322,900-4.4%330,300333,200Marine Corps182,000182,000-183,600185,300Air Force317,000317,000-319,900322,700Sub-Total, Active Duty1,301,7001,281,900-19.4%1,313,5001,325,200Army Reserve198,000195,000-3.0%199,800201,600Navy Reserve57,40058,000+1%57,90058,400Marine Corps Reserve38,90038,500-0.4%39,30039,600Army National Guard342,000335,000-7.0%345,100348,200Air National Guard105,500105,700+0.2%106,500107,400Sub-Total, Reserve741,800732,200-9.8%748,600755,200CivilianArmy201,700196,500-5.2%203,500205,400Navy181,500183,300+1.8%183,100184,800Marine Corps20,20020,000-0.04%20,40020,600Air Force171,000170,800-0.2%172,500174,100Defense-Wide195,400193,800-1.6%197,200198,900Total FTEs769,800764,400-5.4%776,700783,800Total End-Strength2,813,3002,778,500-1.2%2,838,8002,864,200End-Strength 2,882,0002,847,000-1.2%Margin of Error2.4%2.5%Source: FY 17 DoD Budget Request End-Strength Table crunched. Pre-decisional Department of Defense FY 18 Budget (PB) Request May 2017 jammed C. 0.9% annual growth in personnel is more accurate, more stable, more every 1.6% pay raise year until the 2020 BRAC round, force reduction or total war. With 2.5% total agency spending growth even the unpopular President could afford to hire the 24,000 new troops he covets from the 25,500 increase in manpower provided by 0.9% average annual end-strength growth from FY 16  FY 17 alone. The condition on stable growth is peace; the prior administration made it clear that in peacetime there were years when there was not a single work-related fatality in the 2.8 million military. Peace also makes the sum of Air Force, Army and Navy budgets  undistributed offsetting receipts subtracted from annual defense-wide fiscal year estimates on the cost of total war. UN Compensation Commission rates. In all three Military Departments - Air Force, Army and Navy - auditors found three common deficiencies, including: inability to completely account for every business transaction and accurately record each transaction s impact on financial statements; second, an ineffective IT control environment, which not only impedes accurate data flow but cannot guarantee that systems are secure and free from improper access; and lack of a robust audit response capability which are essential in providing auditors promptly with large volumes of documentation. The Military Departments must continue to address shortcomings in these three areas and quickly improve their respective performance. Justice defines, a deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or detect and correct, misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the entity s financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis. A common problem all accountants face is that, once a number has been computed on a Microsoft Word scratch-sheet, it cannot be copied and recomputed, the digits must be entered manually. The Comptroller, who produces the budgets of the Department of Defense, must in the introductory table (1) add Air Force, Army and Navy spending to calculate total military department spending, and (2) subtract total agency spending from total defense-wide federal outlays against  total war , to solve agency  undistributed offsetting receipts under 31USC101. 90 National Aeronautic and Space Administration A. National Aeronautics and Space Act was signed into law on July 29, 1958. The FY 18 Budget includes $19.1 billion for NASA. This is 1% below present operating levels of $19.5 billion FY17. The National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) is being punished for 7.2% growth from $18.0 billion FY 15 to $19.3 billion FY 16. Due to 2.7% average consumer price index inflation outlays increased 2% to $19.5 billion FY 17. FY 18 is administrated $5.6 billion Science, $4 billion Human Exploration Operations, $5 billion Space Operations, $687 million Space Technology, $790 million Aeronautic Technology, $115 million Education, $2.8 billion Safety, Security and Mission Services, $389 million Construction & Environmental Compliance and Restoration and $37 million for the Inspector General. The budget supports developing the technologies that will make future space missions more capable and affordable, partnering with the private sector to transport crew and cargo to the International Space Station, continuing the development of the Orion crew vehicle, Space Launch System and Exploration Ground Systems that will one day send astronauts beyond low Earth orbit. The budget also keeps the Webb Telescope on track for a 2018. NASA needs reliable 2.5% annual growth to exactly $20 billion FY 18. National Aeronautic and Space Administration Budget FY15 - FY18 (billions) FY 15FY 16FY 17Average Annual % Change 2015-17FY 18 FY 18 2.5% GrowthAgency18.019.319.54.2%19.120.0OMB18.319.219.30.5%19.320.0Source: National Aeronautic and Space Administration FY 2018 Budget Request; Hunter, Andrew. FY 17 High Level Budget. Office of the Chief Financial Officer. National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA). 2016 91 National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation Act was signed on May 10, 1950 and is codified under 42USC1861-1875. NSF s FY 2018 Budget Request is $6.653 billion, a decrease of $840.98 million (-11.2 percent) over the FY 2016 Actual investment. This funding will support approximately 8,000 new research grants, with an estimated funding rate of 19 percent for research grant proposals submitted to NSF. For comparison, in FY 2016, NSF funded 8,800 new research grants, with a funding rate of 21 percent. Most NSF awards are to academic institutions. As shown in the chart, 76 percent of support for research and education programs ($5,420 million) was to colleges (including two-year and community colleges), universities, and academic consortia. Private industry, including small businesses, accounted for 15 percent ($1,068 million), and support to federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) accounted for 3 percent ($223 million). Other recipients included federal, state, and local governments; nonprofit organizations; and international organizations. A small number of awards fund research in collaboration with other countries, which adds value to the U.S. scientific enterprise and maintains U.S. leadership in the global scientific enterprise. NSF s annual budget represents 27 percent of the total federal budget for basic research conducted at U.S. colleges and universities, and this share increases to approximately 60 percent when medical research supported by the National Institutes of Health is excluded. In many science and engineering fields NSF is the primary source of federal academic support. National Science Foundation Budget FY16 - FY18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18% Change FY 17  18Total Outlays7,4937,4496,653-10.7%Research and Related Activities total5,9986,0225,362-11%Education and Human Resources884878761-13%Major Research Equipment & Facilities Construction242200183-8.5%Agency Operations & Award Management3513293280%National Science Board4440%Office of Inspector General1515150%Total Outlays7,4937,4496,653-10.7%OMB6,8957,0267,73210.0%Source: National Science Foundation. FY 2017 Budget Request to Congress. February 9, 2016. Technical Info  5 National Science Foundation FY 2018 Budget Request to Congress. May 27, 2017 B. In FY 2016 NSF asked for a 5.2% increase to $7.7 billion but seems to have only gotten $7.5 billion, 2.7% growth, slightly too much. NASA's 7.2% budget increase FY 16 has obviously hardwired their programs to the 2.7% average rate of consumer price index inflation and they must negotiate reasonable prices with 2.5% growth. NSF's FY 2017 Budget Request was $8 billion, an increase of $500 million (6.7 percent) over $7.5 billion FY 17, they got $7.5 billion CR17. The boom  bust cycle of the education department budget is not tolerated by educated people. The lesson for the scientists at NASA and NSF is that they must stabilize their budget requests at 2.5% annual growth for their programs to compete with 2.7% consumer price inflation. Outrageous tuition hikes at institutions of higher education discourage subsidy. The FY 18 NSF cuts stand. NASA needs $20 billion FY18. 92 Office of Personnel Management A. The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is responsible for the administration of the Federal Retirement Program covering over 2.7 million active employees and 2.5 million annuitants. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) receives  such sums as necessary mandatory appropriations for payments from the General Fund to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, the Employees Health Benefits Fund, and the Employees Group Life Insurance Fund. The Government s share of the cost of health insurance for annuitants are defined in sections 5USC8901 and 8906; and the Government s contribution for payment of administrative expenses incurred by OPM in administration of the Retired Federal Employees Health Benefits Act of 1960. OMB must report total OPM outlays by adding FY 17 Budget pages 230-232 plus administrative costs on page 1. FY17 Agreement between OPM and OMB regarding $50.9 billion FY 2017 outlays in the historical tables would reduce the deficit by $45.2 billion without costing the taxpayers anything and must in fact be historically revised to reduce the debt. OPM assets were nearly exactly $1 trillion, $1,003.7 million FY 15. Office of Personnel Management Budget FY15- FY18 (billions) FY 15 FY 16FY 17% Change 16-17FY 18 2.5%Total Outlays48.549.250.93.4%52.1Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund Retirement 36.136.937.51.6%38.4Life Insurance0.0450.0470.0482.1%0.049Employee Health Benefits BA11.712.013.08.3%13.3OPM administration0.2400.2720.32118%0.329Outlays48.549.250.93.4%52.1OMB91.793.996.12.3%99.5Source: OMB 12/18/16, OPM FY 2017 Congressional Budget Justification. February 2016. Pgs. 230-232 & 1, B. When Congress passed the Postal Accountability and Enhancement PAE Act, which mandated $5.5 billion per year to be paid into an account to fully pre-fund employee retirement health benefits, a requirement exceeding that of other government and private organization, revenue dropped sharply due to recession-influence declining mail volume prompting the postal service to look to other sources of revenue while cutting costs to reduce its budget deficit. The postal service has defaulted on this $5.5 billion obligation since 2007. The federal government has paid $0 in benefits from the Postal Service Retiree Health Fund which has a balance of $61.3 billion and zero outlays. OPM must disgorge this overpayment to offset the USPS debt it incurred under 26USC6401. B. An employee who completes 5 years of civilian service and has become disabled shall b e retired on the employee s own application or on application by the employee s agency. Any employee shall be considered to be disabled only if the employee is found by the Office of Personnel Management to be unable, because of disease or injury, to render useful and efficient service in the employee s position and is not qualified for reassignment Disability retirement under 5USC8337(a). 5USC8336(c)(1) An employee who is separated from the service after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a law enforcement officer, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer, or any combination of such service totaling at least 20 years. Repeal 5USC8336 (h)(1) A member of the Senior Executive Service who is removed from the Senior Executive Service for less than fully successful executive performance under 5USC4303 after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service, is entitled to an annuity. Like many veterans they may be dually eligible for social security disability insurance if 40% to 80% of their current wages under 5USC8339(f, g) qualify them under poverty guidelines. 1. Customarily when a significant number of employees are selected for release in a force reduction employees must be given 60 written notice regarding their eligibility for re-employment under 5CFR351.803, however the FBI and DEA Senior Executive Service have hacked themselves so extensively into the code that they require special treatment. The Authority for Employment of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Senior Executive Service under 5USC3151-3152 must be repealed by Congress or abolished by the federal Court, if it was ever passed in the first place and not merely a product of the criminal technology they abuse. Furthermore the clause, 'or to a member of the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service' must be repealed from the end of 5USC5301(b). The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) should award these deranged stalkers of the civilian population 'permanent disability' under 5USC3504 so that they do not need to be reemployed by the United States Armed Forces, Civil or Foreign Service nor will their disability retirement need to be annually reviewed under 5USC8337(c). 2. More than 300 economists and 600 churches petitioned the White House during the 114th Congress to legalize marijuana and reduce the deficit by ten billion dollars by abolishing the FBI, DEA, state and local law enforcement assistance, and the US Marshall interagency drug and crime task force under the Slavery Convention of 1926 (abolition of non-law enforcement and forest labor). The US Marshall FY 18 budget no longer states +/- 10.4% growth FY 17, however they are not exactly free of Tampering with a witness, victim or an informant under 18USC1512. The US Marshall has taken the Education Secretary hostage for the protection of schools against the psychological warfare of the FBI and DEA. The DEA induced shootings are now aiming at bars and hospitals, no more blaming Republicans. Justice requires the Attorney General to be equally taken into legal custody by the US Marshall to protect the nation against DEA rampage shootings under the influence of his instantly lethal levy for Philippine style drug war by the DEA in contempt of conventional wisdom. The authority for employment of the FBI and DEA Senior Executive Service under 5USC3151-3152 has needed to be abolished since the Slavery Convention of 1926 and is long overdue for force reduction under 5CFR351.803. 93 State and International Assistance A. The Department of State is the lead U.S. foreign affairs agency within the Executive Branch and the lead institution for the conduct of American diplomacy. Established by Congress in 1789 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., the Department is the oldest executive agency of the U.S. Government. The Department is implementing the principles outlined in the Administration s plan for reforming the Federal government and reducing the Federal civilian workforce. This includes a detailed review of State and USAID s core missions, personnel, programs, and operations. With the help of the Benghazi Committee, the Department is responsibly reducing its Foreign Service and Civil Service workforce through ongoing attrition and anticipated targeted (FY 2018) buyouts, which are projected to reduce State s on-board employment by nearly 2,000 through from 28,150 FY 17 to 27,950 September 18. The spending cuts from $54 billion to $40 billion are far more disturbing. The FY 2018 budget proposes to reduce funding for the UN and affiliated agencies as well as other international programs and organizations. The State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Programs FY 18 budget request does  not substantially advance U.S. foreign policy interests, fails to demonstrate effectiveness and transparency, and/or for which the funding burden is not fairly shared amongst members . The Millennium Development Goal for 2015 was to contribute 0.7% of GDP. The subtotals of the FY 18 budget request do not all add up; for example USAID and Multilateral Development Assistance subtotals alone are >50% higher when added, reason being the export import bank was the only category treated with  brackets FY 18. The $14 billion outlay reduction threatens to cause $28 billion damages to congressional budget authority. On the other hand Congressional budget authority is due far more credit than the 0.17% of GDP it has been estimated at, with only 0.11% of proof - $66.6 billion official development assistance is 0.34% of the $19.7 trillion GDP FY 17. To compensate the United Nations for the decadence of its elected officials the people of the United States must be immediately enabled to voluntarily contribute 1-2% of their income to the United Nations on their tax forms. State Outlays, Revenues and Congressional Budget Authority FY15 - FY18 (millions) State Department and Foreign Assistance SpendingFY15 FY16FY17FY18FY18 2.5%State and International Assistance Outlays Registered51, 988 54,713 54,268 40,17655,624Congressional Budget Authority: Total State Department and Foreign Operations and Related Programs91,30796,33497,56073,928100,040Off-budget and interagency revenues39,31941,62143,29233,75244,415State Department OMB Estimate 26,49830,91128,86526,87326,873International Assistance OMB Estimate20,95016,04226,43029,37129,371OMB Total State + Int. Ass. Spending47,44846,95355,29556,24456,244GDP18,80318,47219,30319,78619,786Official Development Assistance6064654866.6% of GDP0.32%0.35%0.34%0.24%0.34%0.7% of GDP131.6129135138138Source: OMB FY 17; Congressional Budget Justification. Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs. FY 17 and FY 18 1. The United Nations is the international government. Threatened attrition of international assistance constitutes both attempt to evade or defeat tax under 26USC7201 and deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246 on top of hostage taking under 18USC1203 for bribery of witnesses under 18USC201. The FY 18 budget justification proposes to reduce the budget from $55 billion FY 16 to $54 billion FY 17 to $40.2 billion FY 18 , and like Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the columns no longer add up now that the export-import bank is the only category with recognized non-add functions. Added, the total congressional budget authority of the State Department agencies is $91 billion FY 15, $96.3 billion FY 16, $97.6 billion FY 17 and $73.9 billion FY 18. The Secretary of State is coveting $100 billion the United Nations didn't even know they had, 2.5% growth from congressional budget authority of $97.6 billion FY 17 is exactly $100.04 billion FY 18. The $14 billion spending reduction proposes to cause $28 billion damages to more congressional budget authority than it knew it had. The FY 18 budget fails because the bracket removal destroys the mathematical utility of the State Department table to express total federal outlays, as the previous year budget did, albeit with a lot of off-budget  brackets . Before the State Department outlay subtotals can be computed, the sub-totals must be rechecked with the brackets of FY17 to determine outlays. The introductory table must be simplified to calculate congressional budget authority by adding off-budget revenues and on-budget outlays, that are supported by the detailed budget table. The OCO and Enduring Appropriations columns need to be abolished under the Paperwork Reduction Act. The State Department is advised to allow for 2.5% annual growth in state department and international assistance outlays totals until international assistance programs are able to account for 3% growth of welfare programs. The United States has not gotten credit for nearly 50% of their contributions. It is crudely estimated that the US paid a total $60 billion official development assistance (ODA) FY 15, $63.9 billion FY 16, $65 billion FY 17, going own to $48.3 billion FY 18, a $16.7 billion reduction or 2.5% increase to $66.6 billion FY 18. Such persecutions are limited to 42 months (Revelation 13:10). The people must be enabled to contribute 1-2% of their income to the UN for the nation to avoid some of the consequences of State failure to amend Title 22 Foreign Relations and Intercourse (a-FRaI-d) to Foreign Relations (FR-ee). State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Budget Detail FY15 - FY18 (millions) State Department and Foreign Assistance SpendingFY15 FY16FY17FY18State and International Assistance Outlays Registered51, 988 54,713 54,268 40,176Congressional Budget Authority: State Department and Foreign Operations and Related Programs91,30796,33497,56073,928State Department OMB Estimate 26,49830,91128,86526,873International Assistance OMB Estimate20,95016,04226,43029,371OMB Total State + Int. Ass. Spending47,44846,95355,29556,244International Affairs (Function 150) and International Commissions (Function 300)51, 988 54,713 54,268 40,176International Affairs ( Function 150 Account) only51,865 54,590 54,147 40,057State Department and USAID (including 300) total only47,77350,65550,07537,611Diplomatic Engagement & Related Accounts15,81516,29916,88913,036Diplomatic Engagement15,03515,51416,07312,332Administration of Foreign Affairs11,12811,28011,9039,916State Programs7,9638,2508,6858,275Diplomatic and Consular Programs7,9078,1848,6728,260Ongoing Operations4,7894,7894,9584,503Worldwide Security Protection3,1183,3953,7153,767Capital investment fund56.466.412.615Embassy Security, Construction and Maintenance2,3242,2222,3571,142Ongoing Operations834798770755Worldwide Security Upgrades1,4911,4241,587388Other Administration of Foreign Affairs840808862500Conflict Stabilization Operations (CSO)37.700Office of the Inspector General130139142141Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs595591640285Representation Expenses8.08.08.37Protection of Foreign Missions and Officials30.030.030.431Emergences in the Diplomatic and Consular Services7.97.97.98Repatriation Loans Program Account1.31.31.31.3Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan30303026.3International Organizations3,5593,9063,9322,193Contributions to International Organizations (CIO)1,4401,4461,444996Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA)2,1192,4612,3951,196Related Programs 168.7203.7203103.5The Asia Foundation1717170National Endowment for Democracy135170170103.5East-West Center16.716.716.70Trust Funds0.9281.31.31.1Center for Middle Eastern Western Dialogue0.1060.1220.1220.140Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program0.2650.40.3500.158Israeli Arab Scholarship Program0.0240.0470.0470.065International Chancery Center0.5130.7431.320.743Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund (non-add)158.9158.9158.9158.9International Commissions 123123121119Boundary and Water Commission Function 300 Salaries and Expenses44.745.345.244.8Function 300 Construction2928.428.427.9American Sections13121212.2International Joint Commissions7.57.57.57.5International Boundary Commission2.42.42.42.3Border Environment Cooperation Commission2.42.42.42.4International Fisheries Commissions37373733.8Broadcasting Board of Governors744750778 or 748685International Broadcasting Operations736745768 or 744680Broadcasting Capital Improvements84.54.84.8US Institute of Peace35353819Foreign Operations34,45836,40535,73727,100US Agency for International Development1,4011,5171,6721,412USAID Operating Expenses (OE)1,2161,2831,4051,182USAID Capital Investment Fund (CIF)130.8168.3200158USAID Inspector General Operating Expenses54.36667.671.5Bilateral Economic Assistance 21,11122,73722,54016,774Global health programs USAID and State8,4588,5038,5776,481Global health programs - USAID2,7882,8342,9071,506Global health programs - State5,6705,6705,6704,975Development Assistance (DA)2,5072,7812,9602,508International Disaster Assistance (IDA)1,8952,7941,9572,508Transition Initiatives 67677892Complex Crises Fund (CCF)5030300Development Credit Authority  Subsidy (DCA)40406060DCA Administrative Expenses88109Economic Support and Development Fund4,8864,3026,0814,938Democracy Fund1311511500Assistance for Europe, Eurasia & Central Asia (AEECM)09851,1410Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA)3,0593,0662,7992,746U.S. Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA)505050Independent Agencies 1,3321,3641,4601,211Peace Corps380410410398Millennium Challenge Corporation900901900800Inter-American Foundation2323224.6US African-Development Foundation3030288.4Department of Treasury International Affairs Technical Assistance24.523.523.525.5International Security Assistance8,4208,8318,1067,093International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLB)1,2921,2121,138892Nonproliferation, antiterrorism, demining and related programs (NADR)682885668678Peacekeeping Operations (PKO)474609475301International Military Education and Training (IMET)106108108100Foreign Military financing5,3666,0265,7145,120 Multilateral Assistance2,7712,6292,6181,481International Organizations and Programs3403393330Multilateral Development Banks and Related Funds2,4312,2902,2851,481International Bank for Reconstruction and Development1871871860International Development Association (IDA)1,2881,1971,1951,097African Development Bank32343432.4African Development Fund176176214 or 175171Asian Development Bank 5.65.65.647.4Asian Development Fund1051051050Inter-American Development Bank1021021020Global Environment Facility (GEF)137168147102Clean Technology Fund2011701700Strategic Climate Fund6360600North American Development Bank010100International Fund for Agricultural Development30323230Global Agriculture and Food Security Programs043430Export & Investment Assistance599696694946Export-Import Bank426473433652Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPC)233283341306U.S. Trade and Development Agency606080.712.1Related International Affairs Accounts87.491.295.390International Trade Commission85.488.892.988Foreign Claims Settlement Commission2.02.42.42.4Department of Agriculture1,6581,9181,9130P.L. 480, Title II1,4661,7161,7130McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition1922022020Congressional Budget Authority: State Department and Foreign Operations and Related Programs91,30796,33497,56073,928State Department OMB Estimate 26,49830,91128,86526,873International Assistance OMB Estimate20,95016,04226,43029,371OMB Total State + Int. Ass. Spending47,44846,95355,29556,244State and International Assistance Outlays51, 988 54,713 54,268 40,176Source: Congressional Budget Justification. Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs. FY 2017. February 19, 2016; Congressional Budget JustifIcation: Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs. Fiscal Year 2018 B. The 2016 elections were interfered with by FBI self-incrimination regarding the inadequacy of State Department legal defense, communication lines, stations, systems under 18USC1362. There is now a human rights case for 2.5% growth FY 17- FY 18 for the Broadcasting Board of Governors to afford 200 free government cell phone minutes a month. Reason, the oil industry has been noted for acting to corruptly benefit from nine out of ten unlawful hacks by the FBI, to the United States Code, in recent negotiations. The appointment of an oil executive Secretary of State to the dishonor of the Arms Export Control Act, offends human rights as it offends government property or contracts under 18USC1361 and Human Rights Council S-21/1 Ensuring respect for international law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem of July 24, 2014. Cutting international assistance drastically while slightly cutting the foreign service constitutes Theft and bribery of government programs 18USC666. Not only is the oil export industry untaxed for the importation, manufacture, distribution and storage of explosive materials are unlawful acts under 18USC842 but the oceanic hydrocarbon heating pumps littering the Northwest Passage from the Potomac harbor and conceal arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC81. The $100 million compensation to Standing Rock Reservation for lives lost to the terrorist riot police in autumn 2016 under Art. 14 of the International Convention against Torture, Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Punishment or Treatment constitutes Conspiracy to kill, kidnap maim or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country under 18USC956 for pipeline criminal penalties under 49USC60123. International security assistance for foreign militaries, except the de-mining and non-proliferation account, are despised at home and abroad, as treason under 18USC2381. Declines in Foreign Military Financing $5.7 billion FY 17, $5.1 FY 18; International Military Financing $108 million FY 17, $100 million FY 18, and International Narcotics and Law Enforcement $1.1 billion FY $892 million FY 18 total $6.9 billion FY 17 and $6.1 billion FY 18l is inadequate punishment, these programs are human rights offenders and their terrorism finance must be completely prohibited by the Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) No. 2017/11 9 March 2017. United States = $66.6 billion ODA + voluntary 1-2% of income tax FY18. C. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was forced to cut Lifeline cellphone minutes in the beginning of 2017 incidental to proposed budget cuts for the Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Operations. The FY 17 budget anticipated a total of $1,546 million in funding from the Department of State to the FCC, actual spending went down to $1,492 million under CR 17 and is projected to go down further to $1,365 million FY 18. The FCC has done nothing wrong and requires an additional $200 million FY 18. Lifeline Assistance is a program of the FCC that helps over 10 million Americans who cannot afford a phone and service, in order to help them keep in contact with employers, family, and medical and emergency services. The Lifeline program is funded by the Universal Service Fund fees that are required by law to be collected by telecommunications companies. A household is eligible for a free government cell phone if a member of the household participates in any of the following public assistance programs: Food Stamps (SNAP), Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), The National School Lunch Program (Free Lunch Program), Federal Public Housing Assistance (Section 8), Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). A household is also eligible if the total household income is at or below 135% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines for that state. Arizona, Florida, Kansas, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, Rhode Island and Texas. California, Nevada and Vermont allow 150%. 1. The cell phone companies receive $9.95 for each subscriber (higher for Tribal) in order to provide the cell phone and service free to the subscriber. The program is free in nearly every state, but some states require very small monthly fees ($1 per month in Oklahoma, $1 from some companies in Alaska, and a $5 monthly fee was proposed but rejected in Georgia). Lifeline began under the Reagan administration to help low-income Americans afford their landline phone service, and was updated during the Bush administration to include mobile phones. Lifeline was nicknamed Obamaphone since the popularity of the program exploded under the Obama Administration. Obamaphones are available from companies in 49 states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. U.S. citizenship is not a requirement to receive an Obamaphone. Only one Lifeline phone per household is allowed. There are over 50 companies offering Obamaphones. The largest company, Safelink Wireless, has 3.6 million customers, and is owned by Tracfone, a company owned by the richest man in the world, Mexico s Carlos Slim. Most companies offer 250 to 350 minutes of talk and text a month. After initial cuts Trump needs to boost morale up to at least 200 minutes. 94 Transportation A. The Department of Transportation was established by the Department of Transportation Enabling Act on October 15, 1966. The mission of the Department is to serve the United States by ensuring a fast, safe, efficient, accessible and convenient transportation system. CR 17 changed the FY 17 President s Budget request for the Department of Transportation from $98.1 billion to $78.9 billion FY, 29% and 3.8% growth respectively. The FY 18 request is for $76 billion, a -$2.9 billion, -3.7% decrease from CR 17, to a level that is the same as FY 16 when the Highway Trust Fund was settled, resulting in the loss of an estimated 160 jobs. Due to inflation actual DOT expenses are expected to grow 2.5% annually from $76 billion FY16 to $78 billion FY 17 to 80.0 billion FY 18. CR17 has done an excellent job correcting the FY 17 DOT Budget request. The offsetting receipts are a nice touch. The FY 18 reduction in spending is punishment for 3.8% growth FY 17. DOT must stop enabling the Federal Highway Administration (FHA) from tarring and feathering the less-financed Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) whose outlays should increase 2.5% to $16.9 billion FY 18. To secure perennial 2.5% growth from FY 16 the Secretary must set a spending limit of $77.9 billion FY 17 and return >$1 billion undistributed offsetting receipts September 31. Transportation Department Budget FY15  FY 18 (billions) FY15FY16FY17% Change FY16-17CR 17FY 18Total Outlays72.476.098.129.1%78.976.0Federal Aviation Administration15.916.315.9-2.5%16.516.5Federal Highway Administration40.943.151.519.5%42.643.2Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration0.5720.5800.79436.9%0.5750.608National Highway Traffic Safety Administration0.8100.8691.18135.9%1.01.1Federal Transit Administration1111.819.968.6%12.512.7Federal Railroad Administration1.61.76.3369%4.71.4Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration0.2450.2500.29518%0.2860.273Maritime Administration0.3410.3990.4287.3%0.5410.483Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation0.0320.0280.03628.6%0.0380.035Office of the Secretary0.8980.9351.69681.4%1.1120.887Office of the Inspector General0.0860.0880.092.3%0.0880.088Working Capital Fund00.054000.0550.055Offsetting Collections0-1.00700-0.946-739.8Total 72.476.098.129.1%78.976.02.5%72.476.077.92.5%77.979.8OMB75.477.885.810.3%85.894.1Personnel54,34455,38955,229Source: Foxx, Anthony. Transforming Communities in the 21st Century. Safety, Opportunity, Innovation. Budget Highlights Fiscal Year 2017. Chao, Elaine. Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Highlights. May 2017 1. The Highway Trust Fund is financed by a federal tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on gasoline and of 24.4 cents per gallon on highway diesel fuel.The Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund receives 0.1 cent per gallon of the fuel tax, the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund receives 2.86 cents per gallon and the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund receives the remainder under 26USC9503 and 9508. The FAST Act extends through September 30, 2020 and authorizes a starting balance of $51.9 billion for the Highway Account and $18.1 billion in the Mass Transit Account. Federal Highway User Taxes Fuel TypeEffective DateTax Rate (cents per gallon)Distribution of TaxHighway Trust FundLeaking Underground Storage Tank Trust FundHighway AccountMass Transit AccountGasoline10/01/199718.415.442.860.1Diesel10/01/199724.421.442.860.1Gasohol01/01/200518.415.442.860.1Special Fuels:General rate10/01/199718.415.442.860.1Liquefied petroleum gas 101/01/201618.315.422.88-Liquefied natural gas 201/01/201624.321.083.22-M85 (from natural gas)10/01/19979.257.721.430.1Compressed natural gas 101/01/201618.317.101.20-Truck-Related Taxes  All Proceeds to Highway AccountTire Tax9.45 cents for each 10 pounds so much of the maximum rated load capacity thereof as exceeds 3,500 poundsTruck and Trailer Sales Tax12 percent of retailer s sales price for tractors and trucks over 33,000 pounds gross vehicle weight (GVW) and trailers over 26,000 pounds GVWHeavy Vehicle Use TaxAnnual tax: Trucks 55,000 pounds and over GVW, $100 plus $22 for each 1,000 pounds (or fraction thereof, in excess of 55,000 pounds). Maximum tax: $550Source: DOT 95 Treasury A. Total Treasury spending for discretionary and mandatory programs has been reduced from $628 billion to $569 billion by CR 17 to nearly $534 billion by the abolition of the refundable premium cost-sharing reduction FY 18 to nearly $535 billion by fully funding the IRS. FY 16 the IRS collected more than $3.3 trillion in tax revenue, processed more than 244 million tax returns and other forms, and issued more than $426 billion in tax refunds. The President's FY 18 budget proposed to reduce the number of IRS volunteers -7.5% from 77,700 CY 17 to 71,910 FY 18 while reducing spending -2.5% from $12.2 billion FY 17 to $11.9 billion FY 18. However, whereas Treasury spending has subsequently been reduced by 6.4% by agreeing to abolish refundable premium cost-sharing reduction FY 18, and is under control, there is no denying that IRS and Treasury agencies are due 2.5% growth over CY17 to $14.2 billion FY 18, excepting penalties for tampering with witness, victims and informants under 18USC1512. The Community Development Financial Institutions FY 17 budget grows 2.5%. The cuts against enforcement, ATTB, cybersecurity (encryption), and Bureau of Fiscal Service stand; responsible for the abolition of Student Loan Collection (attorney general killed again) and Offset (theft and bribery of government funds under 18USC666). Benjamin Franklin, the nation's first postmaster general said,  nothing is certain but death and taxes . Sec. Mnuchin must keep his Maltov Cocktails out of Chapter 7 A Private and Commercial Cemeteries 24USC298, repealed Halloween 1951. Congress may choose to tax explosives and energy exports. Congress must tax the rich, to create an SSI Trust Fund, by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base in Section 230 of the Social Security Act under 42USC430. The United Nations needs tax forms to accommodate a voluntary 1-2% of income suggested contribution quarterly and April 15. Treasury Outlays FY 15- FY18 (millions) FY15FY16FY17% Change 16-17CR 17FY 18FY 18 post-ACA subsidyTotal Outlays494,786535,451628,17717.3%568,526532,902534,351Agency Appropriations13,79914,07715,4629.8%14,04912,72714,176Mandatory Appropriations480,987521,374612,71517.5%554,477520,175520,175OMB FY 17 Treasury Estimate486,897540,379616,95816.6%618,290726,582726,582Interest on Public Debt402,184447,298511,65914.4%474,500505,600505,600Source: Lew, Jacob J. Department of Treasury  Budget in Brief FY 2017 pg. 1 & 121; Mnuchin, Steven T. FY 2018 Executive Summary. Congressional Justification for Appropriations and Annual Performance Report and Plan. OMB Historical Table 4.1 FY 17. ACA abolished FY 18, IRS funded +/- 2.5% growth from lower of FY 17 and CR 17, penalties for IRS enforcement, ATTB, cybersecurity, Bureau of Fiscal Service. 1. Mandatory operation is to renegotiate the national debt at 3.4% average t-bond interest rate with this federal budget surplus. The FY 18 Treasury Department Mandatory Budget included $593 billion dollars in interest payments, mandatory accounts, and offsetting receipts (offsets). This includes $472 billion in interest payments, $145 billion for mandatory accounts and $23 billion offsetting receipts FY 17. The Treasury missed their first chance to delete the refundable premium and cost sharing reduction mandatory appropriation row in the FY16 - FY18 three-year budget. CR 17 negotiations regarding the ACA may have stabilized refundable premium and cost sharing reductions growth at 2% growth from FY 16 and the Treasury subsequently abolished these subsidies. Hyperinflation in ACA refundable premium cost-sharing reductions has required constant bargaining to limit spending growth from $30 billion FY 15, $39 billion FY 16, to $40 billion CY 17 down from unlawful FY 17 demands of $58 billion to zero federal outlays FY 18. Medical bills cause an estimated 67% of bankruptcies today, up from 8% in 1980 and it is necessary to repeal 'Medical records and payments' from the Fair Credit Reporting Act 15USC1681a(x)(1) . To do justice it will be necessary to amend the word 'except' to 'including' in regards to health insurance and the scope of the Federal Insurance Office as codified at 31USC313(d). The Treasury has agreed to abolish the refundable premium cost sharing reductions for ACA health insurance companies to ostensibly cover the poor. Congress must repeal the laws authorizing the refundable credit and cost-sharing reduction at 26USC36B (new evidence) and Subchapter 4 Affordable Coverage Choices for All Americans Parts A & B 42USC18071-18084, except Streamlining of procedures for enrollment through an exchange and state Medicaid, CHIP and health subsidy programs 42USC18083. Subsidy in excess of 10% non-profit health corporation profits are overpayments under 26USC6401 that can be used to pay for any ACA health insurance deficits in FY 18. There is a compelling interest to credit beneficiaries with an overpayment, and move back prices, since premium inflation wildly exceeded the 2.5% health annuity January 2016 under 26USC6402(a). Mandatory Funding Levels FY15 - FY18 (millions) FY 15FY 16FY 17% Change FY 16 0 FY 17CR17FY 18Payment of the Resolution Funding Corporation2,6282,6282,62802,6282,628Interest on Uninvested Funds30303001212Restitution of Forgone Interest01,7170-100%00Federal Interest Liabilities to States122011Interest Paid to Credit Financing Accounts8,11514,85516,2609.5%10,60811,152Refunding Internal Revenue Collections, Interest1,0611,3091,68028.3%1,4241,996Interest on Public Debt402,184447,298511,65914.4%474,506505,577Other Interest(41,789)(62,702)(68,146)8.7%(47,267)(49,206)Total Interest Payments 372,481405,132464,11314.6%441,912472,160Mandatory AccountsBuild America Bond Payments, Recovery Act3,4993,5183,7757.3%3,6343,903Capital Magnet Fund, Community Development Financial Institutions09180-12.1%1188Check Forgery Insurance Fund14161601010Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Terrestrial Wildlife Habitat Restoration Trust Fund111011Claims, Judgments, and Relief Acts2,4361,330928-30.2%2,2552,255Community Development Financial Institutions Fund Program Account250-100%10Comptroller of the Currency1,5931,0811,1344.9%1,1331,228Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset1055749-14%4040Exchange Stabilization Fund39507346%5780Federal Financing Bank2,5912,2942,164-5.7%1,9542,388Federal Reserve Bank Reimbursement Fund4695245291%580586Financial Agent Services627713676-5.2%792800Financial Research Fund9411313115.9%8768Fiscal Service15113916619.4%172176Grants for Specified Energy Property in Lieu of Tax Credits, Recovery Act1,9591,118650-41.9%978300GSE Mortgage-Backed Securities Purchase Program Account17833032Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund17513217834.8%295177Hope Reserve Fund08770-19.5%1140Informant Payments 71636305054Internal Revenue Collections for Puerto Rico343403372-7.7%384369IRS Miscellaneous Retained Fees391411404-1.7%431497Office of Financial Stability182148127-14.2%10783Payment of Government Losses in Shipment111011Payment to Issuer of New Clean Renewable Energy Bonds2929316.9%3740Payment to Issuer of Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds363639Payment to Issuer of Qualified School Construction Bonds6436466937.3%740795Payment to Issuer of Qualified Zone Academy Bonds5252567.7%5862Payment Where Alternative Minimum Tax credit Exceeds Liability for Tax751-80%00Payment Where American Opportunity Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax4,1534,3984,308-2%4,0214,042Payment Where Certain Tax Credits Exceed Liability for Corporate Tax1521983,3881611.1%857856Payment Where Child Tax Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax20,59221,62721,579-0.2%20,19319,894Payment Where Earned Income Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax60,08461,38162,2111.4%60,94361,083Payment Where Health Coverage Tax Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax0621250%2132Payment Where Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credit Exceeds Liability for Tax38598035.6%1614Presidential Election Campaign Fund3049538.2%4953Private Collection Agent Programs0015100%1560Refundable Premium Tax Credit and Cost Sharing Reductions30,05839,28557,70046.9%40,1290Reimbursements to Federal Reserve Banks1221371380.7%148149Small Business Lending Fund Program Account311413-7.1%1213Terrorism Insurance Program288233164.8%48133Travel Promotion Fund93931007.5%930Treasury Forfeiture Fund4,252-2,9821,387-146.5%1,3901,385Troubled Asset Relief Program Account05480-100%100Troubles Asset Relief Program Equity Purchase Program31000-100%60Subtotal, Mandatory Accounts135,363138,067172,53725%142,019101,676Treasury Mandatory Offsetting Receipts-26,857-21,825-23,9359.7%-29,454-23,413Total Interest Payments 372,481405,132464,11314.6%441,912441,912Total, Department of the Treasury Mandatory Funding480,987521,374612,71517.5%554,477520,175Source: Lew, Jacob J. Department of the Treasury  Budget in Brief. FY 2017. pg 121. Mnuchin, Steven T. FY 2018 Executive Summary. Congressional Justification for Appropriations and Annual Performance Report and Plan B. Treasury is organized into the Departmental Offices, seven bureaus, and three inspectors general. There are seven bureaus (1) The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) collects federal excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and ammunition and is responsible for enforcing and administering laws covering the production, use, and distribution of alcohol products. (2) The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) develops and produces U.S. currency notes that are trusted worldwide. (3) The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) safeguards the financial system from illicit use, combats money laundering, and promotes national security through the collection, analysis, and dissemination of financial intelligence and strategic use of financial authorities. (4) The Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Service) provides central payment services to federal program agencies, operates the U.S. Government s collections and deposit systems, provides government-wide accounting and reporting services, manages the collection of delinquent debt owed to the U.S. Government, borrows the money needed to operate the U.S. Government through the sale of marketable, savings, and special-purpose U.S. Treasury securities (including the state and local government series), and accounts for and services the public debt. (5) The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the largest of the Department s bureaus and determines, assesses, and collects tax revenue in the United States. (6) The United States Mint (U.S. Mint) designs, mints, and issues U.S. circulating and bullion coins; prepares and distributes numismatic coins and other items; and strikes Congressional Gold Medals and other medals of national significance. The U.S. Mint maintains physical custody and protection of most of the nation s gold and all of its silver assets. (7) The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) charters, regulates, and supervises national banks and federal savings associations (thrifts) to ensure that they operate in a safe and sound manner, provide fair access to financial services, treat customers fairly, and comply with applicable laws and regulations. The OCC also supervises federal branches and agencies of foreign banks and has rule-making authority for all savings associations. The Treasury Department is requested $15.5 billion in total appropriations FY 2017. Discretionary Appropriations FY15 - FY18 (millions) FY15FY16FY17% Change 2016-17CR 17FY 18% Change 17-18FY 18 2.5% Management & Financial subtotal1,3441,4051,5218.2%1,4011,122-19%1,383Department Offices Salaries and Expenses210222.5217.4-2.3%2222010.45%223Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI)112.511711701171170117Cybersecurity Enhancement (Encryption)00109.8100%027100%27Department-wide Systems and Capital Investments Program2.75505.04.4-12%4.4Office of Inspector General35.435.437.04.6%3534-2.9%36Treasury IG for Tax Administration158.2167.3169.61.4%167161-3.6%171Special Inspector General for TARP34.240.741.21.2%4120-52.5%20Community Development Financial Institutions Fund230.5233.5245.95.3%23314-94%239Financial Crimes Enforcement Network1121131151.8%1131130113Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau1001061114.7%10699-6.6%99Bureau of the Fiscal Service348364353-3%363330-9%330IRS subtotal10,94511,23512,2809.3%11,21310,095-4.1%11,335IRS Taxpayer Services2,1572,1572,40611.6%2,3292,212-5%2,387IRS Security4,8604,8605,2167.3%4,8564,706-3%4,706IRS Operations Support3,6393,6394,31418.6%3,7403,9465.5%3,946IRS Business Systems Modernization29029034318.4%289110-62%296Treasury Forfeiture Fund-944-876-65725%-876-8760-876Subtotal, Treasury Appropriations Committee 11,34511,76413,1447.4%11,74011,218-4.4%11,845Treasury International Programs subtotal2,4542,3142,2990.2%2,3101,506-35%2,334Multilateral Development Banks2,0001,8171,803-0.7%1,8131,348-26%1,848Food Security307553-29.3%7530-60%54Environment Trust Funds4013994092.6%398102-74%408Office of Technical Assistance (OTA)23.523.533.542.6%23.525.58.5%24.0Total, Treasury Appropriations13,79914,07715,4629.8%14,04812,727-4.4%14,179Source: Lew, Jacob J. Department of Treasury  Budget in Brief FY 2017 pg. 1; Source: Mnuchin, Steven T. FY 2018 Executive Summary. Congressional Justification for Appropriations and Annual Performance Report and Plan. 1. ACA abolished FY 18, IRS funded +/- 2.5% growth from lower of FY 17 and CR 17, penalties for IRS enforcement, ATTB, cybersecurity, Bureau of Fiscal Service. The Constitution gives to the Congress the power to coin money and set its value--and that power was delegated to the Federal Reserve by the Federal Reserve Act. The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States, established by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. In carrying out its responsibilities in 2005, the Federal Reserve System incurred an estimated $1.6 billion in net operating expenses. Total spending of an estimated $2.9 billion was offset by an estimated $1.4 billion in revenue from priced services, claims for reimbursements, and other income. In 2005, the Reserve Banks received approximately $659.2 billion in currency and $5.4 billion in coin from depository institutions, distributed approximately $698.4 billion in currency and $6.7 billion in coin, and destroyed $83.2 billion in unfit currency in the 2006 Annual Report: Budget Review. a. The Federal Reserve System consists of the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., the twelve Federal Reserve Banks with their twenty-five Branches distributed throughout the nation, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), and three advisory groups - the Federal Advisory Council, the Consumer Advisory Council, and the Thrift Institutions Advisory Council - and five standing committees, each made up of up to three Board members, administer the activities of the Federal Reserve Board - these committees include the Committee on Consumer and Community Affairs; the Committee on Economic Affairs; the Committee on Federal Reserve Bank Affairs; the Committee on Supervisory and Regulatory Affairs; and the Committee on Board Affairs. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System was established as a federal government agency. The Board is composed of seven members appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The full term of a Board member is fourteen years; the appointments are staggered so that one term expires on January 31 of each even-numbered year. The Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the Board are also appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The nominees to these posts must already be members of the Board or must be simultaneously appointed to the Board. The terms for these positions are four years. The Federal Reserve System was created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act, which President Woodrow Wilson signed into law on December 23, 1913. The act stated that its purposes were "to provide for the establishment of Federal reserve banks, to furnish an elastic currency, to afford means of rediscounting commercial paper, to establish a more effective supervision of banking in the United States, and for other purposes." Over the years, its role in banking and the economy has expanded, and today the Federal Reserve s duties fall into five general areas. (1) Conducting the nation s monetary policy by influencing money and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of maximum employment and stable prices. (2) Supervising and regulating banking institutions to ensure the safety and soundness of the nation s banking system, maintaining the stability of the financial system, and containing systemic risk that may arise in financial markets. (3) Protecting the credit rights of consumers, and encouraging banks to meet the credit needs of consumers, including those in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. (4) Playing a major role in operating the nation s payment systems. (5) Providing certain financial services to the U.S. government, the public, financial institutions, and foreign official institutions. C. The Treasury needs to change the name of the Alcohol, Tobacco, Tax and Trade Bureau (ATTTB or TTB) to Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana (ATM) pursuant to the legalization of marijuana under the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956). The Department of Health and Human Services Food (HHS) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) may be abolished, CHIPRA 2009 and Tobacco Control Act repealed. The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) is a bureau under the Department of the Treasury. TTB employs some 470 people across the country, including the Headquarters Offices in Washington, D.C., and the National Revenue Center in Cincinnati, Ohio (incarceration rate higher than 1,000 detainees per 100,000 residents and 50% of Ohio's death row population with only 4% of the population). The headquarters need to be relocated to a new location that poses less risk of use of the interstate commercial facility in the commission of murder for hire 18USC1958 a crime of incitement to the crime of genocide under 18USC1091. Excise taxes from alcohol and tobacco have stagnated at <$15 billion since the CHIPRA tobacco tax increase on rolling tobacco and small cigars which forced the poor to purchase pipe tobacco in bulk at a discount, reducing overall revenues. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Rates PRODUCTTAXTAX PER PACKAGE (usually to nearest cent)BeerBarrel (31 gallons)12 oz. canRegular Rate$18$0.05Reduced Rate$7 on first 60,000 barrels for brewer who produces less than 2 million barrels. $18 per barrel after the first 60,000 barrels. $0.02WineWine Gallon750ml bottle14% Alcohol or Less$1.071$0.21Over 14 to 21%$1.571$0.31Over 21 to 24%$3.151$0.62Naturally Sparkling$3.40$0.67Artificially Carbonated$3.301$0.65Hard Cider$0.2261$0.04(1 $0.90 credit, or for hard cider $0.056, may be available for the first 100,000 gallons removed by a small winery producing not more than 150,000 w.g. per year. Decreasing credit rates for a winery producing up to 250,000 w.g. per year.)Distilled SpiritsProof Gallon *750ml BottleAll$13.50 less any credit for wine and flavor content.$2.14 (at 80 proof)* A proof gallon is a gallon of liquid that is 100 proof, or 50% alcohol. The tax is adjusted, depending on the percentage of alcohol of the product.Tobacco Products1000 unitsPack of 20Small Cigarettes per pack$50.33$1.01Large Cigarettes$105.69$2.11Small Cigars per unit$50.33 $1.01 or $0.0505 for oneTobacco Products1000 unitsEachLarge Cigars52.75% of sales price but not to exceed $402.60 per 1,000$0.4026 maximum Tobacco Products1 lb.1 Ounce Tin or PouchPipe Tobacco$2.8311$0.1769Chewing Tobacco$0.5033$0.0315Snuff$1.51$0.0944Roll-your-own Tobacco per pound$24.78 or $1.0969$1.5488 or 0.0686 cents. CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBESTaxCigarette Paper50 papers1Cigarette papers up to 6" long $0.0315Cigarette papers over 6" long Use rates above, but count each 2 inches, or fraction thereof, of the length of each as one cigarette paper.Cigarette Tubes50 Tubes2Cigarette tubes up to 6" long $0.0630Cigarette tubes over 6" long Use rates above, but count each 2 inches, or fraction thereof, of the length of each as one cigarette tube.1Tax rate for less than 50 papers is the same. The tax is not prorated. 2Tax rate for less than 50 tubes is the same. The tax is not prorated.Source: TTB 1. Alcohol and tobacco products generate nearly $15 billion in tax revenue annually, making TTB, at a cost of $91 million in administrative expenses, the third largest tax collection agency in the federal government. The excise taxes collected by TTB come from approximately 8,500 businesses, and the taxes are imposed and collected at the producer and importer level of operations. About 200 of the largest taxpayers account for 98 percent of the annual excise tax collected. In FY 2007, the majority of taxes collected were from tobacco (49 percent) and are remitted to the Department of the Treasury General Fund. Firearms and ammunition excise taxes are remitted to the Fish and Wildlife Restoration Fund under provisions of the Pittman-Robertson Act of 1937. In 2007 the federal excise tax raised $7.3 billion from alcohol and $7.2 billion from tobacco. Although the tax on small cigars seems to have been worked out by counting each small cigarette and small cigar as one five cent tax unit, in a pack of 20. The roll-your-own tobacco tax rate needs to be reduced from $24.78 to $1.0969 per pound, the pre-CHIPRA rate under 27CFR40.25a and 26USC6423(c). Certified organic tobacco should probably be tax free. 2. As of 2016 three states legalized recreational marijuana for tax purposes for the entire duration of the year  Colorado, Washington , and Oregon. At about 25% tax rate legalization of recreational marijuana in these three states brought in more than a billion dollars in revenues. Colorado expects to take in about $184 million in tax revenue from marijuana in the first 18 months after legislation. The Joint Budget Committee projects revenue of about $610 million from retail and medical marijuana from Jan. 1 of this year to June 30, 2015, the end of the next fiscal year. Washington's legal recreational marijuana market is bringing in more tax revenue to the state than originally predicted. The most recent revenue forecast released by the Economic and Revenue Forecast Council shows that the industry is expected to bring in more than $694 million in state revenue through the middle of 2019. A previous forecast in September had that projection at about $636 million. The latest report shows that nearly $43 million from a variety of marijuana-related taxes - including excise, sales, and business taxes - is expected to be collected through the middle of next year. About $237 million is expected for the next two-year budget that ends mid-2017, and $415 million more is expected for the 2017-19 budget biennium. D. FY 16 the IRS collected more than $3.3 trillion in tax revenue, processed more than 244 million tax returns and other forms, and issued more than $426 billion in tax refunds. The IRS, with $12,240 million, is the largest agency in the Treasury comprising 79% of total Treasury appropriations of $15,462 million CR 17. The President's FY 18 budget proposes to reduce the number of IRS volunteers -7.5% from 77,700 CY 17 to 71,910 FY 18 while reducing spending -2.5% from $12.2 billion FY 17 to $11.9 billion FY 18. Cutting the workforce 7.5% should reduce spending by 7.5%. The IRS FY 17 budget complained that despite 7% growth the IRS remains $911 million under FY 2011 funding levels. After being checked by CR 17 excessive IRS growth is only an academic matter, however to avoid penalties in the future the IRS must budget for 2.5% spending growth, 0.9% employment growth and 1.6% pay raise. The FY 18 penalties against enforcement and investigation stand. IRS Appropriations and FTEs FY 15 - FY18 (millions) Internal Revenue ServiceFY16FY17% FY 16-17CY 17CY 17 FTEsFY 18FY 18 FTEsFY 18 2.5%FY 18 FTEs 1%Taxpayer Services subtotal2,3342,4063.1%2,32928,4552,21324,4022,38728,740Pre-filing Taxpayer Assistance and Education6306432.1%6264,9786014,4686425,028Filing and Account Services1,7041,7633.5%1,70323,4771,61219,9341,74623,711Enforcement subtotal4,8655,2167.2%4,85636,3494,70735,0494,70735,049Investigations60571418%6253,1266072,8936072,893Exam and Collections4,1084,3485.8%4,08432,2513,96831,1993,96831,199Regulatory1521541.7%147972132957132957Operations Support subtotal3,7474,31415.1%3,73911,4413,94611,3653,81111,653Infrastructure8338957.5%861086108610Shares Services and Support1,1421,1985.0%1,0144,9811,0114,8711,0395,031Information Services1,7732,22125.3%1,8646,4602,0746,4941,9116,622Business Systems Modernization subtotal29034318.4%289593110229292599Subtotal Internal Revenue Service11,23512,2809.4%11,21476,83810,97571,03511,19777,440Reimbursables1341415%116684122711119691Offsetting Collections  Non Reimbursables42.844.95%280300300User Fees509.3399.7-22%503164526164516172Recovery from Prior Years27.827.804.700000Unobligated Balances from Prior Years453385-15%375026902690Transfers In/Out0126100%000000Resources from Other Accounts000000000Subtotal Other Resources1,1671,1241,027848947875934863Subtotal Internal Revenue Service11,23512,2809.4%11,21476,83810,97571,03511,19777,440Total Budgetary Resources12,37513,2457%12,24077,69211,92171,91013,06577,440Source: Koskinen, John. IRS Program Summary by Appropriations Account and Budget Activity FY2017; Mnuchin, Steven T. FY 2018 Congressional Justification for Appropriations and Annual Performance Report and Plan. Executive Summary-3, IRS-3 1. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collects the revenue to fund the government and administer the nation s tax laws. FY 2015, the IRS processed over 244 million tax returns and other forms, and collected $3.3 trillion in taxes (gross tax receipts before tax refunds of $403 billion), equating to 93 percent of total federal government receipts. Of the $3.3 trillion in total federal revenues, $2.5 trillion was on-budget and $770 billion was off-budget Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) revenues. FY 2015 the IRS collected $1.5 trillion in individual income taxes, $344 billion in corporate income taxes, $295 billion in on-budget Medicare taxes and $770 billion in off-budget Old Age, Survivor, Disability Insurance (OASDI) taxes. Excise taxes brought in another $98 billion of which the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (ATTB) collected $22.3 billion in excise taxes and other revenues from nearly 11,700 taxpayers in the alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and ammunition industries FY 2015. $202 billion in other receipts are comprised of $19 billion estate and gift taxes, $35 billion customs duties and fees, $117 billion federal reserve deposits and all other receipts $43 billion. The Treasury has no undistributed offsetting receipts to declare. Undistributed offsetting receipts can be estimated on the basis of overestimation of refundable premium and cost-sharing reduction to health insurance corporations in excess of the 10% corporate profit margin used by non-profit health insurance corporations, zero $ since the extortionate premium inflation of January 2016. Undistributed offsetting receipts secure any proven abolitions and spending reductions to Treasury Department programs under the FY budget. Congress must repeal the laws authorizing the refundable credit and cost-sharing reduction at 26USC36B (new evidence) and Subchapter 4 Affordable Coverage Choices for All Americans Parts A & B 42USC18071-18084, except Streamlining of procedures for enrollment through an exchange and state Medicaid, CHIP and health subsidy programs 42USC18083. Subsidy in excess of 10% non-profit health corporation profits are overpayments under 26USC6401. There is a compelling interest to credit beneficiaries with an overpayment, and move back prices, since premium inflation wildly exceeded the 2.5% health annuity January 2016 under 26USC6402(a). 96 Veterans Affairs A. The Department of Veterans Affairs pension program pre-date the nation. Although this VA benefits system traces its roots back to 1636, when the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony were at war with the Pequot Indians and the Pilgrims passed a law which stated that disabled soldiers would be supported by the colony the establishment of the Veterans Administration came in 1930 when Congress authorized the President to "consolidate and coordinate Government activities affecting war veterans" to fulfill President Lincoln s promise   To care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan . VA operates the largest direct health care delivery system in America. On September 30, 2009, there were an estimated 23.1 million living Veterans, with 23 million of them in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, there were an estimated 35.2 million dependents. The President s 2018 Budget includes $186.5 billion in budget authority for VA in 2018. This includes $82.1 billion in discretionary resources for administration and health care and $104.3 billion in mandatory funding for veterans benefits. VA s 2019 Advance Appropriations request for discretionary Medical Care is $70.7 billion, an increase of $1.7 billion over the 2018 request. The 2019 Advance Appropriations request for mandatory Benefits is $107.7 billion, an increase of $7.0 billion above the 2018 request. Veterans Affairs Budget FY15 - FY18 (billions) FY 16FY 17 % FY 17CR 17FY 18Total Outlays166.1171.6180.5180.1183.2Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 08.5000Benefits92.596.2103.6102.2104.4Health64.265.867.867.869.0Administration9.49.69.110.19.8Outlays166.1171.6180.5180.1183.2Collections3.53.33.33.33.3Budget Authority169.6174.9183.8183.4186.5Undistributed Offsetting Receipts 08.5000OMB177.6180.2180.2178.8FTEs345,141356,362364,134Source: Department of Veterans Affairs Budget-in-brief FY 2017; FY 2018 President's Budget Request. May 23, 2017 1. CR 17 limited veteran benefit spending growth from 12% to 10.4% FY 17. Cash benefit programs should normally increase 4% annually to afford 3% cost-of-living adjustment and 1% population growth. Beneficiary population growth is thought to be high as many Baby Boomers are approved for retirement but 10.4% FY 17 growth is ridiculous and must be averaged out or the benefit administration will be inequitably distributed as the result of low growth for six years as punishment for taking too much FY 17. VA beneficiary data is not readily available and is needed to prove funds are administrated or undistributed offsetting receipts at year end FY 17. To estimate undistributed offsetting receipts the VA should have at the end of the year 4% benefit growth is calculated for FY 17 and subtracted from CY 17, and 4% growth again FY 18 subtracted from the FY 18 budget estimate, $8.5 billion FY 17 and $6.0 billion FY 18 undistributed offsetting receipts. VA full-time equivalent (FTE) employment is projected to rise 3.2% from 345,141 FY 16 to 356,362 FY17 and 2.3% to 364,134 FY 18. Human resources needs to limit FTE growth to around 1% to afford a 1.5% raise with a health budget that increases 2.5%. Average total VA spending growth should be around 3.3%. B. Military pensions are supplemental to Social Security benefits since 1957 according to Military Veterans and Social Security Vol. 66 No. 2. There are 9.4 million military veterans receiving Social Security benefits, which means that almost one out of every four adult Social Security beneficiaries has served in the United States military. In addition, veterans and their families make up almost 40 percent of the adult Social Security beneficiary population. Fourteen percent of veterans receiving Social Security benefits have income below 150 percent of poverty, while 25 percent of all adult Social Security beneficiaries are below this level. The right of US service members to Veteran s Benefits will not be denied people with less than $2 million in assets pursuant to Scarborough v. Anthony J. Principi Secretary of Veteran s Affairs No. 02-1657 (2004). Veterans pensions are between $3,000 and $6,000 a year under 38USC1521(j) . They are intended to supplement income from employment and other pension programs, primarily Social Security insurance. Law Judges, attorneys experienced in veteran s law and in reviewing benefit claims, are the only ones who can issue Board of Veteran Appeals decisions. Staff attorneys, also trained in veteran s law, reviewing the facts of each appeal and assist the Board members. Veterans Hospitals deliver health care for free or by deduction from benefits while the veteran is hospitalized. 97 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts A. Undistributed offsetting receipts are agency revenues remaining from the previous year that are used to pay for the following year budget to reduce outlays by the General Fund. Undistributed offsetting receipts express total year end budget surplus by agency. An agency should budget to receive a little more outlays than the agency spends and express the end of year savings as undistributed offsetting receipts under 31USC101. $150 billion undistributed offsetting receipts are subtracted from the agency outlay total by the White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB) FY 18. Undistributed offsetting receipts are a dispassionate method to (1) freeze federal terrorist finance such as federal assistance to state and local law enforcement FY 17, FBI and DEA. (2) correct harmless accounting errors regarding what is actually an agency budget surplus and (3) sustain a budget surplus. The Defense Department produces the majority of undistributed offsetting receipts with the difference between the levy for total war and the outlays of the three military departments  Air Force, Army and Navy. Other agencies have developed even more outlandish methods to receive more federal funds than they actually spend. Because they spend all the federal outlays they receive most agency reports do not currently produce undistributed offsetting receipts. For all or most agency budget officers to start to account for undistributed offsetting receipts they would need a dispute to resolve, abolition to insure, or budget growth stabilization plan. The undistributed offsetting receipts produced by the operation of this budget are added to estimate the total utilization of undistributed offsetting receipts. Undistributed Offsetting Receipts FY16  FY18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18Legislative BranchJudicial BranchDepartment of Agriculture14,1237,06212,353Department of Commerce001,078Department of Defense  Military Programs109,000109,000118,000Department of Education000Department of Energy000Department of Health (& HS FY 16 & 17)000Department of Homeland Security00648Department of Housing and Urban Development000Department of Human Services2,4923,10311,193Department of the Interior3,2004,8003,100Department of Justice 001,961Department of Labor000Department of State and International Assistance000Department of Transportation000Department of Treasury000Department of Veterans Affairs000Corps of Engineers  Civil Works1,0001,0001,000Environmental Protection Agency160200Executive Office of the President000General Services Administration000National Aeronautics and Space Administration000National Science Foundation 000Office of Personnel Management000Small Business Administration000Undistributed Offsetting Receipts total129,975124,985149,333Undistributed Offsetting Receipts OMB145,100150,200140,634Undistributed Offsetting Receipts on-budget total145,100150,200149,333Source: OMB Historical Tables FY 17 98 Total Outlays A. To estimate total outlays it is necessary for the White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB) to faithfully add the total outlays reported in annual Cabinet agency congressional budget justifications. WHOMB rarely gets one answer right, but unlike the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), OMB has a poorly explained ledger to keep tabs on agency spending and revenue totals. The precise calculation of the surplus or deficit, upon which the national honor is estimated, is demoralized by a defective ledger. A ledger is necessary to do the math. There are a number of rows in the Outlay by Agency table that need to be deleted because they actually represent zero outlays - (1) Allowances, (2) Other Defense - Civil Programs, (3) Other Independent Agencies on-budget and off-budget, (4) Small Business Administration (SBA), furthermore, (5) Social Security on-budget row needs to change its name to Human Services (HS) and adopt the total of Agency for Children and Families (ACF), Administration for Community Living (ACL) and Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) FY 18. Allowances were never paid even when the President patronized the concept. Other Defense  Civil Programs are paid for by the regular appropriations and pensions of the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. Other Independent Agencies on-budget are already paid for by Cabinet agencies, even if they get omitted in the agency congressional budget request. Other Independent Agencies off-budget, such as USPS, are financed by fees, pay taxes and do not receive any subsidies, even if their existence contrary to natural law may be attributed to Acts of Congress. SBA has a small budget request every year that is falsely accounted for in the Historical Tables to often be negative for an artificial zero sum. An Act of Congress would help SBA to be subsidized by the Commerce FY 18 budget cuts, at the rates they declare in their most recent congressional budget declaration(s), to determine if SBA is authorizing the utilization of the profits of their off-budget loan portfolio, or costs taxpayers, without infringing upon Congress or WHOMB. To help federal health spending get under the $1 trillion limbo bar, it is advised that WHOMB make certain changes the outlay by agency ledger to recognize the graduation of HS. First, change the historical name of Social Security on-budget spending, the SSI program, to Human Services (HS). Second, make accurate notation of annual reports of total SSI outlays (benefits + administration) in the historical HS row or decide to use the existing numbers to postpone the duty to re-total historical outlays, surplus or deficit and debt. Third, graduate HS FY 18 so that it add to or replaces Social Security on-budget FY 18 whereas SSI is going off-budget if the rich are taxed or HS is combined with SSI in the on-budget HS outlay row. The HS outlay row would remain fairly stable, double or triple by adding HS to the current SSI overestimate by OMB and calling it HS. Total Outlays by Agency FY16  FY18 FY 16FY 17FY 18On-budget Outlays2,788,9482,879,7442,896,556On-budget receipts2,538,0002,817,0003,035,000On-budget Surplus or Deficit-250,938-62,744+138,444Legislative Branch4,7004,6004,700Judicial Branch7,7007,0007,200Agriculture124,000126,000124,000Commerce and Small Business Administration 10,20010,1008,200Defense  Military Programs580,000595,000609,000Education68,00069,00070,000Energy29,10029,70030,300Health (& HS FY 16 & 17)961,816998,138958,000Department of Homeland Security39,77540,95342,400Housing and Urban Development39,02438,24842,300Human Services59,10059,50065,296Interior13,40013,30011,700Justice28,09028,32827,700Labor46,50046,00047,300State and International Assistance54,71354,26855,624Transportation76,00078,90076,000Treasury535,451568,526606,080Veterans Affairs166,100171,600177,200Corps of Engineers  Civil Works4,7004,7004,700Environmental Protection Agency8,3008,2248,451Executive Office of the President750 761755General Services Administration631249509National Aeronautics and Space Administration19,30019,50020,000National Science Foundation 7,4937,4496,653Office of Personnel Management49,20050,90052,100Undistributed Offsetting Receipts -145,100-150,200-159,612On-budget Outlays2,788,9482,879,7442,896,556On-budget receipts2,538,0002,817,0003,035,000On-budget Surplus or Deficit-250,938-62,744+138,444Social Security Administration off-budget Outlays929,000966,0001,033,000Off-budget Receipts945,000997,0001,055,000Off-budget surplus or deficit Total outlays3,717,9383,845,7443,929,556Total revenues 3,483,0003,814,0004,090,000Total surplus or deficit-243,938-31,744160,444Source: WHOMB Historical Tables FY 17. Congressional Budget Justifications FY 18 99 Revenues A. The gross receipts of federal, state and local governments were reported to total $4,024.1 billion and expenditures $4,173.7 billion in 2006, before the return estimated at $300 billion. 1. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collects the revenue to fund the government and administer the nation s tax laws. In fiscal year (FY) 2015, the IRS processed over 244 million tax returns and other forms, and collected $3.3 trillion in taxes (gross tax receipts before tax refunds of $403 billion), equating to 93 percent of total federal government receipts. Of the $3.3 trillion in total federal revenues, $2.5 trillion was on-budget and $770 billion was off-budget Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) revenues. FY 2015 the IRS collected $1.5 trillion in individual income taxes, $344 billion in corporate income taxes, $295 billion in on-budget Medicare taxes and $770 billion in off-budget Old Age, Survivor, Disability Insurance (OASDI) taxes. Excise taxes brought in another $98 billion of which the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (ATTB) collected $22.3 billion in excise taxes and other revenues from nearly 11,700 taxpayers in the alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and ammunition industries FY 2015. $202 billion in other receipts are comprised of $19 billion estate and gift taxes, $35 billion customs duties and fees, $117 billion federal reserve deposits and all other receipts $43 billion. Federal Revenues 2000-2020 (billions) Fiscal YearIndividual Income TaxesCorporate Income TaxesSocial Insurance and Retirement ReceiptsOn-budgetOff-budgetExcise TaxesOtherTotal On-budgetOff-budget20001,00520765317248169922,0251,545481200199415169418750866861,9911,484508200285814870118551567791,8531,338515200379413271318952468761,7821,259524200480918973319953570791,8801,345535200592727879421757874812,1541,57657820061,04435483822960874972,4071,79960820071,164370870235635651002,5681,93363520081,146304900242658671062,5241,866658200991513889123765463982,1051,4516542010899191865233632671412,1631,53163220111,092181819253566721402,3041,73856620121,132242845276570791512,4501,88157020131,316274948275673841532,7752,10267320141,3953211,024288736931893,0222,28673620151,5413441,065295770982023,2502,4807702016 1,6282931,101303798972183,3362,5387982017 1,7884191,1413148271101863,6442,8178272018 1,8914931,1913288631431813,8993,0358632019 1,9855251,2403428981531934,0953,1978982020 2,1065751,2873559321652144,3463,414932Source: OMB Revenues Table 2.1 6/16 1. Of the nation s 139 million estimated nondependent tax units, 18 million do not file an income tax return. More than 60 percent of these non-filers are single, but a quarter are married without dependent children. Almost all non-filers have estimated adjusted gross income of less than $10,000. They are also disproportionately elderly: those aged 65 or above account for less than 20 percent of all nondependent tax units, but more than half of all non-filing units. An additional 42 million tax units file an income tax return but owe no more than $500 in income tax after credits. Of these, 34 million either owe no income tax or receive a net income tax refund after credits. More than one in six taxpayers in 2004 received the Earned Income Tax Credit. The federal credit, which offers tax refunds this year of up to $4,716 for a parent with two children who makes $12,000 to $15,000, has emerged as one of the largest aid programs for the working poor. The amount of the credit for such parents gradually declines, reaching zero as their incomes hit $38,000. The number of people receiving the credit rose to 21.7 million in 2004 from 18.8 million in 2000. At least 19 states and three local governments, including New York City, San Francisco and Montgomery County, Md., offer similar credits against state and local taxes. Childless adults and non-custodial fathers receive little from the earned income credit; their maximum benefit this year will be $428 and begins phasing out at an annual income of $7,000. B. Federal, state, and local tax receipts have nearly tripled as a percentage of GDP over the last 70 years - rising from 9.5% in 1929 to 26.2% by 2002. From the late 1960s through the late 1990s, the level of total government receipts largely stabilized, remaining between 25% and 27% of GDP. As a percentage of income the average US taxpayers pay 34% of their income. Since 1929, the federal government has significantly increased rates and expanded the base of the individual income tax and created contribution-based entitlement programs in Social Security and Medicare (the receipts of which together measure 6.5% of GDP in 2002, 13.5% of income. Social insurance receipts ballooned after the introduction of Medicare in 1965. By contrast, the individual income tax, after explosive growth in World War II, grew very slowly in the post-war era until the late 1990s, when it eclipsed state and local taxation in 1998 and peaked at 10.2% of GDP or 18% of income in 2002. 1. The United States raises significantly lower tax revenues as a percentage GDP than do most other countries in the OECD. In 2003 taxes in the United States, including all levels of government amounted to 25.6% of GDP, down from 29.6% of GDP in 2000. Other countries in the G7 raised 33.9% of GDP, while non-G7 OECD countries raised 34.7%. Within the OECD, Mexico raised the least tax revenues at 19% and Sweden the most at 50.6%. The recovery of corporate profits and the stock market since 2003 subsequently boosted U.S. tax revenues to 26.8% of GDP in the first three quarters of calendar year 2005. Compared with other OECD countries, the United States relies more heavily on income taxes as a source of revenue and less on taxes on goods and services. In 2003 the United States raised 43.3% of its revenue from corporate and personal income taxes, compared with 30.5% for the rest of the G7 and 34.3% for non-G7 OECD countries. But unlike other OECD countries, the United States does not impose a value-added or other form of national sales tax. Tax Rates by Income 1979 & 2000 Income GroupEffective Tax Rate (percent)Share of Taxes Paid (percent)Share of Pretax Income (percent)Average After-Tax Income (2000 $)19792000197920001979200019792000All22.223.1100.0100.0100.0100.040,70057,000Lowest 20%8.06.42.11.15.84.012,60013,700Second 20%14.313.07.24.811.18.625,60029,000Middle 20%18.616.713.29.815.813.536,40041,900Fourth 20%21.220.521.017.422.019.647,70059,200Top 20%27.528.056.466.745.554.884,000141,400Top 10%29.629.740.752.230.540.6106,300201,400Top 5%31.831.129.641.420.730.7140,100299,400Top 1%37.033.215.425.69.317.8286,300862,700Source: Congressional Budget Office. Effective Federal Tax Rates, 1997-2000. August 2003 2. Widening income inequality in the US is alarming. As executive compensation skyrocketed from 2003 to 2004, the average after-tax income for the richest 1 percent of U.S. households went up almost 20 percent, while after-tax incomes for the middle fifth of the nation  the middle of the middle class  went up only 3.6 percent. Looking back 25 years  starting in 1979  the contrast is even greater. The top one percent saw a whopping 176 percent jump, while the middle fifth of Americans saw only a 21 percent rise. That's a big difference, but although 21 percent still seems high. In fact a new study shows that in 2005, the top 10 percent of Americans collected almost half of all reported income in this country. This is their biggest share since 1928. Taxes on the richest need to be increased. Throughout the golden years of income equality 1950-1970 the top bracket of income earners, a highly variable category ranging from $100,000 in 1925-1931 and 1965-1970 to over $5 million in 1936 to 1941, was taxed between 7% in 1913 to 1915 and 94% in 1944 and 1945. The current rate is 10% for low income taxpayers and 35% for top bracket income earners. The average rate of income taxation of the richest is probably about 50% but the ideal rate is probably 70%. The President's plan for corporate tax relief is as unlikely to survive the split ticket vote as his plan to cut IRS employment. On the topic of new revenues Congress should vote to (a) enable people make voluntary contributions, 1%-2% of income suggested, to the United Nations on their tax forms, (b) tax fuel and energy exports 6% to tame the oil industry, (c) prevent terrorist violence from interfering with Acts of Congress by taxing explosives and dedicating firearm taxes to fully finance a Bureau of Firearms and Explosives and (d) tax the rich the 12.4% OASDI tax on all their income to end poverty by 2020. 100 Surplus or Deficit A. The surplus or deficit is calculated by subtracting total outlays from total revenues. When the news media reports on the federal deficit they are typically referring to the on-budget deficit. Total on-budget revenues are not disputed. Total outlays take a long time review Cabinet agency congressional budget justifications and correct the defective ledger of the White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB). The historical size of outlays is believed to be overestimated by about 5% because of several zero sum rows in the ledger and this sets bad precedent for the congressional budget justifications. Off-budget social security revenue, benefits and surplus need to be accurately accounted for from the total revenues and expenditures of the Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund without undistributed offsetting receipts. The Treasury must abolish the refundable premium and cost-sharing reduction subsidy from FY16 to earn a surplus FY 17. Provided the health spending is brought within 3% growth from 2014 there should be no difficulty producing an on-budget surplus. Provided national health expenditures continue to decline to less than 10% of GDP that surplus would be sustainable and the President learns to express the difference between total war and outlays of the three Military Departments (MD) as undistributed offsetting receipts. The federal government must tax the rich the 12.4% OASDI tax on all their income so 16-24 million children growing up poor receive an SSI benefit and 50 million poor Americans receive an SSI benefits by 2020 when the benefit amount could increased and taxes and welfare benefit eligibility for the lower-middle class could be eliminated. Surplus or Deficit FY 16  FY 18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18 accuracyFY 18 rich taxedOn-budget Outlays2,788,9482,879,7442,959,0002,896,556On-budget receipts2,538,0002,817,0003,035,0003,035,000On-budget Surplus or Deficit-250,938-62,744+76+138,444Social Security Administration off-budget Outlays929,000966,0001,033,0001,300,000Social Security Administration Off-budget Receipts945,000997,0001,055,0001,371,500Off-budget surplus or deficit +16,000+31,000+22,000+71,500Total outlays3,717,9383,845,7443,929,5564,197,000Total revenues 3,483,0003,814,0004,090,0004,407,000Total surplus or deficit-243,938-31,744160,444210,000Source: OMB Historical Tables FY 17; Congressional Budget Justifications FY 18, 2016 Annual Report of the Federal OASDI Trust Funds, June 22, 2016 101 Non-Add A. There are five rows in the Outlay by Agency table that need to be deleted because they actually represent zero outlays because they are either not instrumental to calculating total on-budget outlays or they are accounted for by a Cabinet agency under 31USC101 - (1) Allowances, (2) Other Defense - Civil Programs, (3) Other Independent Agencies on-budget and off-budget and (4) Small Business Administration (SBA). Deleting these rows result in an estimated $2 trillion - $1,950,164 million  debt relief. Non-Add Agencies FY62 - FY18 YearFY62FY63FY64FY65FY66FY67Other Defense Civil Programs, 9561,0771,2871,4651,6811,937Other Independent Agencies2,2831,6151,1781,8152,4943,683Total3,2392,6922,4653,2804,1755,620YearFY68FY69FY70FY71FY72FY73Other Defense Civil Programs2,2062,5572,9743,5104,0024,505Other Independent Agencies4,2902,9164,2635,2235,0825,497Total6,4965,4737,2378,7339,08410,002YearFY74FY75FY76FY77FY78FY79Other Defense Civil Programs5,2166,3197,3588,2519,20310,315Other Independent Agencies7,0768,5958,4903,2979,4339,022Total12,29214,91415,84811,54818,63619,337YearFY80FY81FY82FY83FY84FY85Other Defense Civil Programs11,96113,78814,99716,00416,53615,809Other Independent Agencies10,32413,95311,8029,1848,6448,846Total22,28527,74126,79925,18825,18024,655YearFY86FY87FY88FY89FY90FY91Other Defense Civil Programs17,48317,96219,03920,23021,69023,238Other Independent Agencies7,0518,87110,47519,02030,72768,704Total 24,53426,83329,51439,25052,41791,942YearFY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97Other Defense Civil Programs 24,74625,95726,96927,97228,94730,279Other Independent Agencies76,87014,405-17,3213,356-5,9962,743Total101,61640,3629,64831,32822,95133,022YearFY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY03Other Defense Civil Programs31,20431,98732,80134,13135,13639,874Other Independent Agencies-2,81310,8786,1898,80311,038616,705Total 28,39142,86538,99042,934145,52256,579Year FY04FY05FY06FY07FY08FY09Other Defense Civil Programs41,12743,48144,43547,11245,78557,276Other Independent Agencies14,57910,10316,76614,00312,91347,221Total55,70653,58461,20161,11558,698104,497YearFY10FY11FY12FY13FY14FY15Other Defense Civil Programs54,03254,77577,31356,81157,37062,966Other Independent Agencies-7,52517,45730,02128,1809,08915,942Total46,50772,232107,33484,99166,45978,908YearFY16FY17FY18Other Defense Civil Programs63,67959,28056,798Other Independent Agencies22,07222,33622,501Allowances1,87513,80320,252Total87,62695,41999,551Source: WHOMB Historical Tables FY 17 Table 4.1 1. Other Defense Civil Programs row was first noted in 2010 as miscellaneous row of military retirement, base construction, Arlington National Cemetery and Armed Forces Retirement Home, that are all for the most part self-sufficient on payroll contributions, resident fees, fines and forfeitures under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, Veterans Administration (VA) and Hospitals & Asylums (HA) statute. The Allowances row has never been used, when a President tried to patronized it, and the Historical Tables FY 17 reduced allowances from >$40 billion FY 15 to $1.9 billion FY 16; zero growing exponentially. There was reported to be a significant increase in on-budget Other Independent Agency outlays from $9.1 billion FY 14 to $15.9 billion FY 16, to $22.1 billion FY 17 and $22.3 billion FY 18, 48% average annual growth since FY15. There are more than 161 programs Other Independent Agency net outlays listed. The vast majority the entries are obviously duplicates of, or make reference to lawful Cabinet agency spending already accounted for in annual agency congressional budget justifications. In 2009 OMB made a similar declaration pertaining to Other Defense Civil Programs row that is no longer available online and needs to be repealed to reduce the deficit, hopefully since 2009 when the payments appear to have ceased to be justified by an equivalent value of undistributed offsetting receipts. Continuing Resolution (CR17) was used to press OMBs more than 200 employees to show what donuts and coffee can do in eight hours. OMB does not provide a balance sheet for independent agencies and the Director does not exhibit the ability to produce an accurate ledge of Cabinet outlays. What OMB did is hold every agency on the CR17 list who did not appear in their hopper, or provide adequate financial information, often federal revenues or general fund offsetting receipts, to the public, in contempt. The legality of this approach is open to allegation of deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246, coercion, forced labor and complete historical abolition of the entire billion dollar amounts listed in both the on and off-budget Independent Agency rows of OMB Historical Table 4 to reduce total spending and deficit in Table 1. Budget cuts  Note - A full-year 2017 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, the budget assumes this account is operating under the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L. 114 254). The amounts included for 2017 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution. B. Agencies have until July 15 to submit supplemental requests for the new fiscal year October 1. Agencies who were subjected to arbitrary spending cuts are challenged to defend their budgets to public secure in the knowledge that their politics will resolve at an annualized rate of 2.5% growth in net outlays, if they are not abolished or wish to report some substantially justified deviation from the norm such as general revenues or the marginal OMB practice of offsetting receipts. Significant deviation, such as negative growth is indicated by prior year data. If no year is listed that means FY18 is undisputed. If no spending is listed that means $0 net outlays. Are there truly any independent agencies who would be orphaned by the abolition of on and off-budget Other Independent Agency rows, whose budgets should be adopted by the Human Services (HS) fiscal year budget? The list of programs financed FY include (1) Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access Board) $8 million. (2) Administrative Conference of the United States $3 million. (3) Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. (4) Advisory Council on Historic Preservation $6 million. (4) Appalachian Regional Commission $142 million. (5) Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence Foundation $3 million. (6) Broadcasting Board of Governors $705 million. (7) Foreign Service National Separation Liability Trust Fund, State Department (8) Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection $626 million, Federal Reserve. (9) Central Intelligence Agency $514 million. (10) Chemical Safety and Hazard Board $9 million. (11) Commission of Fine Arts $3 million. (12) Committee for the Purchase form People who Blind or Severely Disabled $6 million. (13) Commodity Futures Trading Commission $272 million. (14) Consumer Products Safety Commission $124 million. (15) Corporation for National and Community Service $296 million FY 18 down from $829 million FY 17. (16) Payment to the National Service Trust $296 million FY 18 down from $829 million FY 17. (17) Payment to the National Service Trust $0 FY 18 $220 million F Y17 and Inspector General $94 million. (18) VISTA Advance Payments Revolving Fund $414 million FY 17 $15 million FY 18. (19) Corporation for Public Broadcasting $485 FY 17 $30 million FY 18. (20) Council of the Inspector General on Integrity and Efficiency 0. (21) Court Services and Offender Supervision in the District of Columbia $254 million. (22) Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board $30 million. (23) Delta Regional Authority $30 million FY 17 $23 million FY 18. (24) Denali Commission $21 million. (25) Federal Payment to the District of Columbia Courts $263 million. (26) Federal Payment for Defender Services in the District of Columbia Courts $57 million.(27) District of Columbia Crime victims Compensation Fund $7 million FY 17 $6 million FY 18. (28) Federal Payment to the District of Columbia Judicial Retirement and Survivor Annuity Fund $15 million. (29) Federal Payment for District of Columbia Resident Student Support $40 million FY 17 $30 million FY 18. (30) Federal Payment for School Improvement $45 million. (31) Federal Payment for the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority $22 million FY 17 $16 million FY 18. (32) Federal Payment for Emergency Planning and Security Costs in the District of Columbia $13 million. (33) Federal Payment to the District of Columbia Pension Fund $463 million. (34) District of Columbia Federal Pension Fund $564 million FY 17 $562 million FY 18. (35) Federal Payment for Water and Sewer Service. (36) General Fund Receipt Account $1. (37) Election Assistance Commission $7 million. (38) Election Reform Programs. (39) Election data collection grants. (40) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission $364 million. (41) EEOC Education, Technical Assistance and Training Revolving Fund -$3 million. (42) Export Import Bank of the United States $5 million. (43) Ex-Im Bank Program $188 million Fy 17 $21 million FY 18. (44) Debt Reduction Financing Account -3 million. (45) Direct Loan Financing Account -2,664 million. (46) Guaranteed Loan Financing Account -168 million FY 17 $54 million FY 18. (47) Liquidating Account -15 million. (48) General Fund Off setting Receipts from the Public $1,199 FY 17 $492 million FY 18. (49) Farm Credit Administration. (50) Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation -478 million. (51) Federal Communications Commission $9 million. (52) Universal Service Fund free government cell phone etc. $11,131 million. (53) Spectrum Auction Program Account $500 million. (54) Spectrum License Fees. (56) General Funds Receipt Accounts $76 million. (57) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation -12,522 million, (58) FSLIC Resolution Fund -9 million. (59) Orderly Liquidation Fund $1,867 million. (60) FDIC Inspector General $39 million. (61) Federal Drug Control Programs $212 million. (62) Other Federal Drug Control Programs $120 million. (63) Federal Election Commission $84 million FY 17 $72 million FY 18. (64) Federal Financial Institution Examination Council $23 million. (65) Federal Housing Finance Agency $263 million. (66) Federal Labor Relations Authority $26 million. (67) Federal Maritime Commission $26 million. (68) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service $51 million FY 17 $49 million FY 18. (69) Federal Mine Safety and Heath Review Commission $17 million. (70) Federal Trade Commission $191 million. (71) Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council -188 million FY 17 $87 million FY 18. (72) Harry S. Truman Memorial Scholarship Foundation $ 2 million. (73) Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development $12 million. (74) Institute of Museum and Library Services $234 million FY 17 $176 million FY 18 . (75) Intelligence Community Management Account $550 million. (76) International Trade Commission $99 million FY 17 $88 million FY 18. (77) James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation $2 million. (78) Japan-United States Friendship Commission $ 3million. (79) Legal Services Corporation $370 million FY 17 $63 million FY 18. (80) Marine Mammal Commission $ 3 million. (81) Merit System Protection Board $44 million. (82) Military Compensation and Retirement Modernization Commission $2 million. (83) Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation $2 million. (84) Environmental Dispute Resolution Fund $3 million FY 17 $2 million FY 18. (85) National Archives and Records Administration $349 million FY 17 $339 million FY 18. (86) NARA Inspector General $4 million. (87) Repairs and Restorations $15 million FY 17 $10 million FY 18. (88) NARA Grants Programs $7 million FY 17 $3 million FY 18. (89) Record Center Revolving Funds -1 million. (90) National Archives Gift Fund $3 million. (90) National Archives Trust Fund. (91) National Capital Planning Commission $8 million. (92) National Council on Disability $3 million. (93) National Credit Union Administration $1. (94) Credit Union Share Insurance Fund -648 million. (95) Temporary Corporate Credit Union Stabilization Fund -399 million. (96) Central Liquidity Facility -24 million. (97) National Endowment for the Arts $159 million FY 17 $131 million FY 18. (98) National Endowment for the Humanities $157 million FY 17 $96 million FY 18. (99) National Labor Relations Board $274 million FY 17 $258 million FY 18. (100) National Mediation Board $13 million. (101) National Railroad Passenger Corporation Office of the Inspector General $23 million. (102) National Transportation Safety Board $105 million. (103) Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation $175 million FY 17 $27 million FY 18. (104) Northern Border Regional Commission $ 2 million. (105) Nuclear Regulatory Commission $1,026 million FY 17 $951 million FY 18. (106) NRC Inspector General $12 million. (107) Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board $4 million. (108) Occupational Safety and Health Review Committee $12 million. (109) Office of Government Ethics $16 million. (110). Office of Hopi and Navajo Relocation $15 million. (111) Office of Special Counsel $25 million. (112) Commission to Eliminate Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities. (113) Patient Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund $150 million + $666 million program. (114) Postal Service Fund $58 million. (115) Postal Service Fund $4,946 million FY 17 $456 million FY 18. (116) USPS Paygo $500 million. (117) Office of the Inspector General $249 million FY 17 $235 million FY 18. (118) Postal Regulatory Commission $15 million FY 17 $14 million FY 18. (119) Presidio Trust -6 million. (120) Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board $11 million. (121) Public Buildings Reform Board $2 million. (122) Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia $40 million. (123) Payment to Puerto Rico Oversight Board $200 million FY 17 $150 million FY 18. (124) Railroad Retirement Board $25 million FY 17 $22 million FY 18. (124) Federal Payments to the Railroad Retirement Accounts $742 million. (125) Railroad Unemployment extended Benefits Payments and Recovery Act $0. (126) Railroad Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund $148 FY 17 $138 Fy 18. (127) Rail Industry Pension Fund $5,837 million Fy 17 $5,571 million FY 18. (128) Limitation on Administration (129) National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust $1,946 million. (130) Railroad Social Security Equivalent Benefit Account $7,805 million FY 17 $7,590 million FY 18. (131) Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board. (132) Security Exchange Commission $11 million FY 17 -168 million FY 18. (133) Securities and Exchange Commission Reserve Fund $67 million FY 17 $64 million FY 18. (134) Investor Protection Fund $33 million. (135) Smithsonian Institution $730 million (135) Facilities Capital $138 million FY 17 $135 million FY 18. (136) Capital Repair and Restoration $4 million FY 16 $28 million FY 17 $14 million FY 18 . (137) National Gallery of Art $123 million. (138) Repair Restoration and Renovation of Buildings $23 million. (139) State Justice Institute $5 million. (140) Surface Transportation Board $142 million (141) Tennessee Valley Authority -410 million FY 18 (142) United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims $34 million (143) Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims Retirement Fund $44 million. (144) United States Enrichment Corporation Board -13 million. (145) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum $99 million. (146) United States Institute of Peace $40 million FY 17 $28 million FY 18. (147) United States Interagency Council on Homelessness $6 million FY 17 $1 million FY 18. (148) Vietnam Education Foundation $4 million. (149) General Fund offsetting receipts $5 million. (150)Affordable Housing Program $360 million. (151) Corporation for Travel Promotion $100 million. (152) Electric Reliability Organization $100 million. (153) Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board $276 million. (154) Medical Center Research Organizations. (155) National Association of Registered Agents and Brokers $0 FY 16 $49 million FY 17 $49 million FY 18. (156) Public Company Accounting Oversight Board $276 million. (157) Securities Investor Protection Corporation $217 million. (158) Standard Setting Body $29 million. (159) United Mine Workers of America Benefits Fund $85 million FY 17 $77 million FY 18 (160) United Mine Workers of America 1992 Benefit Plan $69 million FY 17 $68 million FY 18 . (161) United Mine Workers of America 1993 Benefit Plan $45 million FY 17 $57 million FY 18. No. $0 Independent Agency outlays in the new Department of Human Services row in Historical Table 4 Outlay by Agency. 102 Postal Service A. The United States Postal Service, also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service, often abbreviated as USPS, is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States. Benjamin Franklin was appointed our first Postmaster General in 1775. The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, Public Law 91 375, converted the Post Office Department into the U.S. Postal Service (Postal Service), an independent establishment within the executive branch. The Postal Service commenced operations July 1, 1971. This agency is charged with providing patrons with reliable mail service at reasonable rates and fees. The Postal Regulatory Commission is an independent agency that has exercised regulatory oversight over the U.S. Postal Service since its creation by the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970. The Postal Service is governed by an 11-member Board of Governors, including nine Governors appointed by the President, a Postmaster General who is selected by the Governors, and a Deputy Postmaster General who is selected by the Governors and the Postmaster General. The USPS is the third largest employer in the nation after the federal government and Walmart. The USPS is the operator of the largest civilian vehicle fleet in the world. On a typical day, more than 600,000 men and women of the United States Postal Service ensure that hundreds of millions of pieces of mail are delivered to 156 million delivery points, including more than 43 million rural businesses and residences across the country. 1. The USPS employed 617,254 workers (as of February 2015) and operated 211,264 vehicles in 2014. FY2016 had total revenue of $71.5 billion and total expenses of $77.1 billion, resulting in a net loss of $5.6 billion, nearly exactly equal to the legal mandate in the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund (PSRHBF) pre-funding expense. USPS had a good year FY 16. The 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (P.L. 109 435) that must be repealed by final decision, reduced the Postal Services' $601 million to $2.7 billion FY 16 surplus, with which to pay $55 billion in debt, to a  controlling income . The USPS has not directly received taxpayer-dollars since the early 1980s. Since the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (P.L. 109 435) began robbing the postal service $5.5 billion annually for retiree health insurance contributions USPS has cut its expenses by $15 billion annually, but first-class mail volume has continued to drop and debt, termed net deficiency, has risen to $55.9 billion FY 16 and increases at around $5.5 billion annually. After the first Annual Report the USPS must train its canons on being refunded the entire amount deposited in the Retiree Health Benefit Fund. Postal Service Budget Request FY17 - FY18 (millions) FY 16FY 17FY 18Personnel Compensation36,58537,01337,487Personnel benefits13,77519,94016,282Benefits for former personnel3,3452,2492,030Travel and transportation of persons124134135Transportation of things7,5907,7668,148Rental payments to GSA313233Rental payments to others1,0131,0411,069Communications, utilities and misc.714805825Printing and reproduction696362Other services from non-Federal sources2,7872,9953,035Supplies and materials1,5921,3671,385Equipment9251,4151,097Land and structures504519527Insurance claims and indemnities151156160Interest and dividends222181219Total Operating Expenses69,42775,67672,494Total Revenue71,49870,70871,599Surplus (controlled income) or Deficit2,071-4,968Retiree Health 5,8005,7005,600Adjusted total Operating Expenses75,22781,37678,094Operating Expenses Reported 76,89977,152-3,035Total Revenue71,49870,70871,599Interest on debt-190-195-200Surplus or Deficit -5,591-6,639-1,636Net Debt55,98262,62164,257Source. New York Times Nov. 6, 2013, 2012 + 2.5% annual growth; USPS FY 2016 Annual report to Congress: Brennan, Megan J. Postmaster General; Bilbray, James H. President of the Board of Governors. FY2016 Annual Performance Report and FY2017 Performance Plan FY2016; OMB Independent Agencies FY 16-18 est. Pgs. 1206-1208 1. On November 6, 2013 the New York Times reported; Last year, the Postal Service s operating revenue was $65 billion, but its operating expenses were $81 billion = $16 billion deficit in 2012. A net loss of $41 billion is reported between 2007-12. The post office has seen revenue for first-class mail  the agency s cash cow  decline by $2.4 billion. It has defaulted on three annual $5.5 billion payments into a health care fund for its future retirees. It has also exhausted its $15 billion borrowing limit from the Treasury Department. It has defaulted on three annual $5.5 billion payments into a health care fund for its future retirees. It has also exhausted its $15 billion borrowing limit from the Treasury Department. On November 15, 2013 the L.A. Time wrote; The USPS reported a $5 billion loss FY2013. It's the seventh-straight yearly net loss. Since 2006, the agency has cut its expenses by $15 billion annually, but first-class mail volume has continued to drop. While package and standard mail volumes increased, the agency's most profitable product, first-class mail, declined by 2.8 billion pieces. The USPS FY 2016 Annual report to Congress: FY2016 Annual Performance Report and FY2017 Performance Plan FY2016 Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations declares an incurable $5.5 billion deficit. This report satisfies the public reporting requirements contained under 39USC2401(e), 2402, 2803 and 2804, along with the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (PAEA) of 2006 Section 3652. In 2017 OMB Independent Agencies FY 18 Pgs. 1206-1208 cooked the books in a misguided, but fairly accurate, attempt to extort on-budget revenues, the Postal Service will have an annual operating deficit of $4.7 billion in 2018 and more than $5 billion in each subsequent year through 2027. For their part, the Postal Service states they had a remarkable 2016, delivering over 154 billion pieces of mail, growing revenue to $71.5 billion in FY16 a 3.7 percent revenue increase, these results helped achieve controllable income of $610 million, excluding the impact of a $5.8 billion mandated Retiree Health Benefits prepayment, the Postal Service would have recorded net income for the year. USPS must continue to produce an annual fiscal year report to congress, every year. The USPS Annual Report must make future estimates, so the USPS is not abused by OMB's fraudulent relationship with OPM outlays and the waste caused by the disastrous Retiree Health Benefit program is redressed. B. Since 1971, there have been several Postal reforms. Notably, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (P.L. 101 239) moved the Postal Service "off-budget" so that, beginning in 1990, the receipts and disbursements of the Fund are not considered within the on-budget net spending totals, although they ostensibly included within the unified spending and deficit totals, but are not and should not be. More recently, the OPM owes the Postal Service and employees compensation for the disastrous 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (P.L. 109 435) that created the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund to put the Postal Service on a path that fully funds its substantial retiree (annuitant) health benefits liabilities. Since the Act's passage in 2006, the Postal Service contributed over $50 billion to the Retiree Health Benefits Fund but has defaulted on $34 billion in total required payments since FY 2012. Beginning in 2017, the Act also requires the Postal Service to begin a 27-year amortization to retire its unfunded liability under CSRS by paying for  actuarial costs of the unfunded liability for post-retirement health costs of current employees = zero benefits. OPM must reimburse the Postal Service Retiree Health Fund to pay off the >$55.9 USPS debt FY 17. 103 Gross Federal Debt A. The federal government usually runs on a deficit, with some famous exceptions, such as when Andrew Jackson paid off the federal debt in 1835 and more recently when Bill Clinton ran a surplus in 1998-2000. The power of Congress to borrow money on the credit of the United States is conferred by the Constitution at Art. 1 Sec. 8 Cl. 2 and Sec. 4 of the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union had granted to the Continental Congress the power to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of the United States, transmitting every half-year to the respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted. Article I, Section 8, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants to the United States Congress the power to borrow money on the credit of the United States. At the time that the Constitution came into effect, the United States had a significant debt, primarily associated with the Revolutionary War. The issue of the federal debt was next addressed by the Constitution within Section 4 of the Fourteenth Amendment (proposed on 13 June 1866 and ratified on 9 July 1868): whereby the validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. The FY 18 Treasury Department Mandatory Budget negotiated for $472 billion in interest payments a 6.4% increase from the previous year. By deleting the Allowances, Other Defense Civil Programs and Other Independent Agency rows from the Outlay by Agency totals in the Historical Tables FY62  FY18 would prove an estimated $2 trillion debt reduction. Gross Federal Debt, Surplus or Deficit, Debt Held by Public, % of GDP 2000-2019 (billions) YearFY00FY01FY02FY03FY04Gross Federal Debt5,6295,7706,1986,7607,355% of GDP55.454.660.059.660.8Surplus or Deficit236128-158-378-413Debt Held by Public3,4103,3203,5403,9134,296% of GDP33.631.432.634.535.5YearFY05FY06FY07FY08FY09Gross Federal Debt7,9058,4518,9519,98611,876% of GDP61.361.762.567.782.4Surplus or Deficit-318-248-161-459-1,414Debt Held by Public4,5924,8295,0355,8037,545% of GDP35.635.335.239.352.3YearFY10FY11FY12FY13FY14Gross Federal Debt13,52914,76416,05116,71917,795% of GDP91.596.099.7100.6103.2Surplus or Deficit-1,294-1,300-1,087-680-649Debt Held by Public9.01910,12811,28111,98312,779% of GDP60.965.970.472.374.1Year20152016201720182019Gross Federal Debt18,12019,43320,14920,88421,671% of GDP102.7101.7100.398.897.6Surplus or Deficit-564-531-458-413-503Debt Held by Public13,30513,92714,52115,13515,850% of GDP7473.67372.873.1Source: OMB Historical Tables FY 17 Table 7.1; CBO Revenues, Outlays, Deficits, Surpluses and Debt Held by the Government since 1965 B.  Gross federal debt $20.2 billion FY 17 is estimated to exceed 100% of the GDP from FY 13 to FY 18 by the White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB). OMB estimates that the  gross federal debt reached a high of 103.2% of GDP in FY 2014 and is scheduled to reach 102.7% of the GDP FY 15 before steadily declining due to GDP growth. CBO offers lower estimates of  debt held by the public that reached $13.4 trillion, 74% of GDP FY 15. In both methods of accounting for the national the on-budget deficit generates t-bonds that are first purchased by the off-budget social security surplus before they are sold to the public resulting in more t-bonds being sold than there is a deficit. For instance, in 2001 after making a surplus of $236 billion in 2000 the gross federal debt didn t decrease, debt increased $200 billion from $5.6 trillion to $5.8 trillion. Before the financial crisis, US federal debt as a percentage of GDP was around 40 percent, not too much worse than the long-term average of 36 percent. In 2013 the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects the debt will reach 62 percent of the GDP, in 2015 it will reach 74 percent and in 2020 it will reach 90 percent, and eventually surpass total economic output in 2025. By 2037, the debt would exceed 200 percent of GDP. The longer action to deal with the nation s long term fiscal outlook is delayed, the greater the risk that the eventual changes will be disruptive and destabilizing. C. Over the past two centuries, debt in excess of 90 percent of GDP has typically been associated with average growth of 1.7 percent, versus 3.7 percent when debt is low (under 30 percent of GDP). An international study, covering the experience of forty-four countries over two hundred years, found that economic growth slows substantially when national debt climbs over 90% of GDP. In 2009 the national debt of Greece reached 115% of GDP. Within a year the international markets refused to lend the Greek government any more money by buying its government bonds resulting in a trillion-dollar bailout financed by EU taxpayers. High debt loads make it more expensive to borrow and weakens our global position. Economists at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) suggest that the public debt of the ten leading developed nations will rise from 78 percent of GDP in 2007 to 114 percent by 2014. These governments, including those in the United States and in many European nations, will by then owe around $50,000 for every one of their citizens. That translates into more than $10 trillion of extra debt accumulated in less than ten years. The governments of rich nations never borrowed so much in peacetime. If current trends continue unchecked demographic pressures combined with political paralysis will send the combined public debt of the largest developed economies toward 200 percent of their GDP by 2030. Check the FY 18 surplus to negotiate for a 3.4% average interest rate. D. The Managing Trustee may determine that borrowing authorized under Sec. 201(k)(1) of the Social Security Act under 42USC401 (k)(1) is appropriate in order to best meet the need for financing the benefit payments from the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund there shall be transferred on the last day of each of each month after such loan is made, from the borrowing Trust Fund to the lending Trust Fund, the total interest accrued to such day with respect to the un-repaid balance of such loan at a rate equal to the rate which the lending Trust Fund would earn. If in any month after a loan has been made to a Trust Fund the Managing Trustee determines that the assets of such Trust Fund are sufficient to permit repayment of all or part of any loans made to such Fund he or she shall make such repayments as he determines to be appropriate. The total Federal debt subject to limit includes trust fund reserves. Thus, as trust fund reserves are accumulated or redeemed, they are offset in the total Federal debt by securities issued to the public, with no net effect on the total Federal debt. More- over, even in considering the Federal debt owed to (held by) the public, there is no net direct effect on that debt from accumulating and then redeeming trust fund asset reserves. The Secretary of Health and Human Services may also makes loans, repayable in 3 years, particularly in anti-welfare fraud cases under Sec. 406 42USC(7)IV-A606. 1. After the adoption of a bond ordinance by the county fiscal body, the board of commissioners shall enter an order fixing the following: The exact amount of the proposed loan within the maximum amount provided in the ordinance. The exact rate of interest on the bonds or providing that the interest rate must be the lowest interest rate bid on the bonds, not exceeding the maximum interest rate provided in the ordinance. The board of commissioners may fix the denominations of the bonds or may provide that the bonds must be in the denominations requested by the successful bidder. However, the denominations so selected must not change the amount of the serial maturities of the bonds. The board of commissioners shall adopt the form of bond to be used in the issuance of the bonds. The provisions of general statutes relating to the preparation and sale of bonds by counties apply to the preparation and sale of bonds. Before the sale of bonds, the county auditor shall cause notice of the sale to be published: at least one (1) time each week for two (2) weeks in at least two (2) newspapers published in the county; and one (1) time in a newspaper published in the capitol city of the state; at least seven (7) days before the date fixed for the sale of the bonds. If the order of the board of commissioners provides for a bid rate on the bonds, the notice of sale must state the following: (a) The bid rate. (b) That the highest bidder for the bonds will be the person that offers the lowest net interest cost to the county, to be determined by computing the total interest on all of the bonds to maturity and deducting from the amount the premium bid if any. 2. The county auditor shall sell the bonds to the highest bidder. If a satisfactory bid is not received for all of the bonds at the time fixed in the notice of sale, the county auditor may continue the sale from day to day and sell the bonds in parcels, until otherwise directed by an order of the board of commissioners. All bonds issued by the county are the direct general obligations of the county issuing the bonds, payable out of unlimited ad valorem taxes to be levied and collected on all of the taxable property within the county. Each official and body having to do with the levying of taxes for the county shall ensure that sufficient levies are made to meet the principal and interest on the bonds at the time fixed for the payment of the bonds, without regard for the provisions of any other statute. If an official or a body fails or refuses to make or allow a sufficient levy, the bonds and the interest on the bonds are payable out of the general fund of the county without an appropriation being made for the payment. 104 Gross Domestic Product A. GDP is a measure of production. Levels of GDP or, alternatively, gross national income (GNI) per head in different countries are also used by international organizations to determine eligibility for loans, aid or other funds or to determine the terms or conditions on which such loans, aid or funds are made available. When the objective is to compare the volumes of goods or services produced or consumed per head, data in national currencies must be converted into a common currency by means of purchasing power parities and not exchange rates. The level of production is important because it largely determines how much a country can afford to consume and it also affects the level of employment. The consumption of goods and services, both individually and collectively, is one of the most important factors influencing the welfare of a community, but it is only one of several factors. There are also others, such as epidemics, natural disasters or wars that can have major negative impacts on welfare, while others, such as scientific discoveries, inventions or simply good weather, may have significant positive impacts. Gross Domestic Product 2010-2019 (billions) 20102011201220132014GDP14,79915,37916,02716,49817,184% Growth2.7%3.9%4.2%2.9%4.2%20152016201720182019GDP17,80318,47219,30320,13021,013% Growth 3.6%3.8%4.5%4.3%4.4%Source: WHOMB FY 17 Table 10.1 a. The 1993 System of National Accounts ( HYPERLINK "http://unstats.un.org/unsd/sna1993/toctop.asp"SNA) calculates the GDP in  HYPERLINK "http://unstats.un.org/unsd/sna1993/tables/table_2_4_.pdf"table 2.4 at Section 2.222. 1. Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices = Output + taxes, less subsidies on products  intermediate consumption. 2. Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices = Final consumption expenditure/ actual final consumption + changes in inventories + gross fixed capital formation + acquisitions less disposals of valuables + exports of goods and services - imports of goods and services. Levels of GDP or, alternatively, gross national income (GNI) per head in different countries are used by international organizations to determine eligibility for loans, aid or other funds or to determine the terms or conditions on which such loans, aid or funds are made available. In the past decade GDP and GNI have become equal. 1. GNI is equal to GDP less taxes (less subsidies) on production and imports, compensation of employees and property income payable to the rest of the world plus the corresponding items receivable from the rest of the world. Thus GNI at market prices is the sum of gross primary incomes receivable by residents. It is worth noting that GNI at market prices was called gross national product in the 1953 SNA, and it is commonly denominated GNP. In contrast to GDP, GNI is not a concept of value added, but a concept of income (primary income). Gross national disposable income is equal to GNI at market prices. Gross national disposable income measures the income available to the nation for final consumption and gross saving. National disposable income is the sum of disposable income of all residents. 2. SNA is the system used for reporting to international or supranational organizations national accounts data that conform to standard, internationally accepted concepts, definitions and classifications. The resulting data are widely used for international comparisons of the volumes of major aggregates, such as GDP or GDP per head, and also for comparisons of structural statistics, such as ratios of investment, taxes or government expenditures to GDP. Such comparisons are used by economists, journalists and other analysts to evaluate the performance of one economy against that of other similar economies. They can influence popular and political judgments about the relative success of economic programs in the same way as developments over time within a single country. Databases consisting of sets of national accounts for groups of countries can also be used for econometric analyses in which time-series and cross-section data are pooled to provide a broader range of observations for the estimation of functional relationships. Useful as they are as a source of information for anybody in charge with macroeconomic governance tasks, National Accounts can also be misused in the context of governance. B. National accounts are the main source of information about the state of the economy. Their data serve as input for growth predictions and business cycle forecasts, which are usually made with the help of intricate econometric models and techniques. Also, medium-term budgeting is typically done within the framework of National Accounts. Philosophy regarding the calculating of national accounts is attributed to have been founded by William Petty (1623-1687), whom Marx lauded as  father of Political Economy, and to some extent the founder of Statistics , who was the first to provide rough estimates of  national income in his Political Arithmetick that appeared in print posthumously in 1690. This remarkable work is considered crucial for national accounting up to the present day. Not only does Petty acknowledge that  The Labour of the People is the source of national income, which is echoed in modern  Production Accounts , but he also estimates the division of national income between wages, rents, interest, and profit; and opposes this with the disposition of income by giving an estimate of annual domestic consumption expenses. For the next two hundred years, progress in national accounting was slow. 1. Franois Quesnay s Tableau conomique (of 1766) envisaged exchanges in an economy as a circular flow, was a precursor of later Input- Output-Tables that now form a part of National Accounts. Also, there was an important contribution coming from Adam Smith who, in The Wealth of Nations (1776), laid emphasis on productive activities that  fix themselves in commodities rather than services. This concept was later adopted by Karl Marx (although the theory of the latter, in principle, does not preclude the provision of services from being productive as long as it is organized along capitalist lines and thus yields surplus value) and became the basis of the  Material Product System of National Accounts prevalent in the Soviet Union and other communist countries  even in France, for some time. It was only later under the influence of Alfred Marshall that production was fully understood to include the provision of services; and this concept was adopted by the United Nations in their recommendations for compiling National Accounts. 2. Two incidents fostered the final breakthrough of national accounting: first, J. M. Keynes s General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936) encouraged thinking in terms of macroeconomic aggregates such as consumption and investment demand. Contrary to post-Keynesian college economics textbooks, Keynes did not advocate for random subsidies, that he called  unpredictable . Also, Keynes proposed an appropriate delineation for these aggregates to show that production, distribution and appropriation aspects of national income are in fact inextricably interwoven. The final impetus for National Accounts came from the outbreak of World War II. In urgent need of a reliable basis for its war budgets, the British government advised economists at the Central Statistical Office to prepare a set of income and expenditure estimates. The chief impetus to the development of economic accounts has come from central governments, which probably remain their chief users. By monitoring economic movements, policy-making agencies including the central bank can see if they are on track with respect to national objectives regarding growth, price inflation, the trade balance, unemployment, and so on, and, if not, they can take appropriate actions. C. Since the Industrial Revolution which began in 1750 the era of modern economic growth has led the GWP per capita to increase in a sustained basis, though in a very uneven way across different regions of the world. A few of the world s poorest countries have not achieved the takeoff of modern economic growth that other countries experienced two centuries ago. There are two kinds of economic growth. One kind of growth is the growth of the world s technological leaders. In the early nineteenth century that was certainly England; in the middle to end of the nineteenth century, it was Germany and the United States; in the twentieth century the United States was by far the most technologically dynamic country in the world. The  technological leaders had a very particular kind of economic growth driven by relentless technological advance, in which advances in one technology tend to spur advances in other technologies as well, through new innovations and new combinations of processes. Economists call this kind of growth endogenous growth meaning something that arises from within a system, rather than from the outside. There is a second kind of economic growth, the growth of a  laggard country that for whatever reasons of history, politics, and geography lagged behind as the technological leaders charged ahead. This kind of growth is very different from endogenous growth. It is sometimes called  catch-up growth. The technologies that fuel it come from outside the economy engaged in rapid catching up. The essence of the import strategy is to import technologies from abroad rather than develop them at home. 1. Catch-up growth can be considerably faster than endogenous growth. Technological leaders have tended to grow at around 1-2 percent per capita, while the fastest catching up countries, like South Korea and China, have enjoyed per capita GDP growth of 5-10 percent per annum. No technological leader has ever sustained such rapid growth rates, and no laggard country has sustained them after the point of catching up with the leading countries. Super-rapid growth is about closing gaps in coverage for the poor, not about inventing new economic systems or technologies. The failure to recognize the fundamental differences between endogenous growth and catch-up growth has led to all sorts of confusion in the discussion of economic development. The age of information and communication technology (ICT) has given rise to the new  knowledge economy in which massive amounts of data can be stored, processed, and transmitted globally for use in just about every sector of the economy. The invention and spread of mobile phones, and now smartphones and other handheld devices, has made the ICT revolution also a mobile revolution, wherein information can readily reach every nook and cranny of the planet. The ICT revolution builds on waves of scientific and technological innovations. Total welfare depends on many other factors besides the amounts of goods and services consumed. Apart from natural events such as epidemics, droughts or floods, welfare also depends on political factors, such as freedom and security and inventions making improvement to the quality of life. Economic welfare depends on the psychic enjoyment of life, not just the production of goods. Part 2 Social Security 105 Federal Insurance Contributions Act A. The Federal Insurance Contributions Act for the 12.4% Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) Trust Fund is established as a 6.2% OASDI tax and 1.45% HI tax + 0.9% tax on high incomes, that is collected by the employer of the taxpayer under 26USC3101 and 3102. There is imposed on employers a 6.2% + 1.45% excise tax under 26USC3111. HI payroll tax receipts need to be experimentally limited to less than 2.6% FY 18, 2.5% FY 19 and 2.3% FY 20 for the benefit of the General Fund that finances the majority of Medicare Parts B & D and the federal outlay total estimates in the Health and Human Services congressional budget request that are the only reason the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) currently declares a federal budget deficit FY 18. The HI tax is a generally accepted revenue collector, hospital insurance revenues and benefit payments however must be reduced to get federal health spending under the $1 trillion limbo bar and reduce national health expenditures (NHE) from wildly high official estimates of 17% of GDP no lower than 14% of GDP, to less than 10% of GDP by 2030, achievable only if federal health insurance were completely abolished FY 18. Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) premium hyperinflation, >3% annually, has been settled again with three years of zero growth beginning CY 18 to CY 20 when they again outrageously ask for 3.7% growth, not having learned the 3% annual health inflation rule. The Board of Trustees must learn to calculate the optimal distribution rate for the 12.4% OASDI tax, tax the rich and limit Medicare revenues from the 2.9% HI payroll tax revenues to <2.6% for <15.0% Federal Income Contributions Act (FICA) and going down, revenues from OASDI tax on the rich going up FY 18. 1. The three year congressional budget request seems to be the most efficient method of expressing social security operations to tax the rich to end poverty by 2020 by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430 and replacing it with 'There is created in the Treasury a Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund'. a. Would gladly repeal the 0.9% additional HI tax on the rich under 26USC3101(b)(2) for the privilege of repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430, to tax the rich the full 12.4% OASDI tax to create an SSI Trust Fund to end poverty in the United States by 2020. 2. The temporary 2.37% DI rate CY 2016-2018 expires January 1, 2018. The 1.8% DI tax rate in Sec. 201(b)(1)(T) of the Social Security Act under 42USC401(b)(1)(T) must be repealed and can be replaced for the next few years with either 2.1% DI tax, or 2.0% DI tax if OASI pays $240.4 billion in zero dollar damages plus 2.5% interest for damages incurred during the years 2009-2015. FICA <15.0% Tax Rate and Revenues FY 18  FY 20 (billions) YearOASIRev.DIRev.SSIRev.OASDIRev.HIRev.TotalRev.201810.037512.37177----12.409282.9028215.301,21020187.727511.811762.8727912.401,2072.6025615.001,463201910.608351.80142----12.409782.9029815.301,27620198.008191.541582.8629312.401,2702.5025514.901,525202010.608801.80149----12.401,0292.9031415.301,34320208.208851.551672.6528612.401,3382.3025014.701,588Source: SSA 3. The taxable wage base for the OASDI Trust Funds is less than the HI tax, due to the $127,200 maximum taxable limit in 2017. To tax the rich to end poverty by 2020 and end child poverty CY18 repeal the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430. To accommodate the dynamism of the OASDI tax rate calculation, that the Board of Trustees has been unable to perform since 2000, it is typically no longer required for Congress to amend to laws pertaining to the distribution of the 12.4% OASDI tax, with one exception Sec. 201(b)(1)(T) Social Security Act under 42USC401(b)(1)(T) has already pre-emptively added a reversion to the 1.8% DI tax rate. The 2.37% DI 10.03% OASI tax rate of the Bipartisan Budget Act expires January 1, CY 19. 1.8% is insufficient to pay for the 2.1% or 2.0% DI tax rate with $240.4 billion damage settlement for the inability of Board of Trustees to do calculus 2009-2015, it takes pay all social security beneficiaries the 3% Cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) it takes to compete with 2.7% average annual inflation. 1.8% immediately results in a deficit and will again threaten to deplete the DI trust fund before the first deficit inevitably appears in the OASI Trust Fund under current overestimations of 1.1 million new retirees every year in recent history but might never appear and the attrition in benefits would impoverish the nation because they are unable to perform the calculus it takes to file for 70 million beneficiaries. B. COLA has been neglected since the hyperinflation of the early 1970s and religiously abused as an OASDI tax rate calculus substitute since 2009. COLA must be re-interpreted to guarantee lower-income by law social security and other welfare program beneficiaries a 3% COLA to stay ahead of average 2.7% consumer-price-index (CPI) annually adjusted rate of inflation since 1980, provided the combined OASDI trust fund has a trust fund ratio greater than 20%, to comply with the Iron Law of Wages for high rates of catch-up economic growth to escape the inflation of printing Engel's Law. Neither nation nor labor budget can afford to irregularly pay reparations for the resulting attrition of purchasing power. This attrition dangerously impoverishes and depletes the savings of lower income Americans. Lower-income social security and other welfare beneficiaries who do not have the patience to find rental expenses less than 30% of income, destitute at the end of the month. Lower-income workers, especially those with expensive children who need to legislate an automatic 3% annual increase in federal minimum wage under 29USC206(a)(1)(D) and unemployment compensation contributions to ensure all 4 million women giving birth to United States citizens are equally paid maternity leave for 14 weeks maternity protection under ILO Convention 183 (2000) to reduce alarmingly high rates of legitimate demand by an industrialized nation for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) under Sullivan v. Zebley (1990) with the payment of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) under Sec. 404 of Title IV of the Social Security Act 42USC604 and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program for the Aged, Blind and Disabled under Sec. 1611 of Title XVI of the Social Security Act 42USC1382. 1. There are three decisions that Social Security Administration (SSA) needs to make now, for fiscal and calendar year 2018. First, resolve to pay the high cost DI estimate to afford all social security beneficiaries their 3% COLA (or 2.7% 2018 and 3% every year thereafter to equal $777 SSI in 2019) and ensure working age contributing orphans and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients (IDDM) are qualified disabilities for a compassionate allowance. Second, compensate the DI Trust with 2.5% asset accumulation plus interest, for not being able to perform the OASDI tax rate calculation in a timely fashion 2009-2015, for an interest adjusted estimate of $240.4 billion transfer from OASI to DI in 2018. Third, create a Supplemental Security Income (SSI) trust fund to distribute the tax on the rich to end poverty by 2020 with a full SSI benefit, beginning with all 16-24 million children growing up in poverty in 2018 by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base Section 230 of the Social Security Act under 42USC430. Social Security Administration Budget Request Calendar Years 2016-2018 (billions) 12.4 TaxTotal RevenuesTax ReveuesGF Reimbursement (SSI)Tax on BenefitsNet interest TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2016957.5836.20.132.888.4922.3911.46.24.735.22,8483052.37162.4159.8(59)1.21.4145.9142.82.80.416.548.82210.03795.1676.40.131.687.0776.4768.63.54.318.72,799358YearTotal RevenuesTax RevenuesGF Reimbursement (SSI)Tax on BenefitsNet interest TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio20171,014889.9038.185.7955.2944.16.54.658.62,9072982.37180.5170.1(60)2.08.4148.0144.63.10.232.5312.418910.03833.3719.8036.277.3807.2799.53.34.426.12,595318YearTotal RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio20181,056928.4041.386.51,0151,0046.34.9412,9482872.37182.5177.4(62)2.13.0155.7152.62.90.126.8101.64810.03867.8751.0039.283.5859.0850.93.34.714.62,84733020181,3351,207041.386.51,2371,22110.64.998.33,0122351.81187.2176.202.18.9155.7152.62.90.131.5343.92007.72867.8751.0039.277.6859.0850.93.34.78.82,6103022.87279.4279.4000221.8217.44.4058.058.00Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund 2. To have the standing to tax the rich Congress must create a SSI Trust Fund to end extreme poverty now and prevent social security trust fund deficits and depletion in the future. In 2015, net payroll tax contributions accounted for 86 percent of total trust fund income. Net payroll tax contributions consist of taxes paid by employees, employers, and the self-employed on earnings covered by Social Security. These taxes are paid on covered earnings of more than 172 million workers up to a specified maximum annual amount, which increased to $127,200 in 2017. If those making more are taxed Old Age Survivor and Disability Insurance (OASDI) Trust Funds will expand 30 percent. The OASDI Trust Fund will be required pay every child growing up in poverty an SSI benefit the first calendar year the law is in operation and should be able to afford to pay every American living below the poverty line a full SSI benefit by 2020 with the help of a 3% annual increase in federal minimum wage and 14 weeks maternity protection by unemployment compensation. Without any rejection combined OASDI and SSI administrative costs would grow three percent annually, the sum of the percent of net new hires and percent pay raise. The initial massive surge of 24 million SSI benefits in 2018 will prioritize the amelioration of all child poverty with particular attention to orphans and insulin dependent diabetes diabetes mellitus (IDDM) plus 4% annual spending growth would provide for 1% annual population growth and 3% COLA. The newly created SSI Trust Fund would get a head-start in asset accumulation before new revenues begin to be subjected to negotiations to prevent OASDI and SSI account deficits in the long term annual projections beginning in 2020. Congress may tax the rich as soon as October 1, 2017, the first day of fiscal year 2018, to begin paying 16-24 million poor children calendar year 2018 by merely repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base Section 230 of the Social Security Act under 42USC430 and amending the due date and responsible authority for Annual Report under Sec. 1161 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1320c-10 to June 20-21, the summer solstice and Commissioner of Social Security respective of the creation of the SSI Trust Fund. 3. The Actuary, Commissioner and Treasurer (ACT) must learn to account for all three OASDI and SSI Trust Funds in one  Annual Report of the Social Security Administration . The Board of Trustees is morally bankrupt. SSA must teach the Treasurer to account for the three Federal OASDI and SSI Social Security Trust Funds for all eternity in the tradition of the annual three year projection used in agency congressional budget justification, best-named the  2018 Annual Report of the Social Security Administration . This combined Annual Report would supplement or supersede the current construction of the Annual Report of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund due on April 1 by Sec. 1161 of the Social Security Act 42USC1320c-10 and Annual Report of the Supplemental Insurance Program due in June by the Personal Responsibility, Work and Reconciliation Act of 1996 much hated for being responsible for the deprivation of 10 million TANF benefits under 18USC246. The combined annual report would be due by June 20-21. The annual report could be referred to as the summer solstice instructions. The simplified three year projection table would bring the current and next year into focus and liberate copious amounts of new calculus from the arteries of long-distance running, vegan, Hawthorn berry and statin consuming actuaries. The annual report must begin with a modified version of the comparatively simple three year projections for the SSI and OASDI Trust Funds required for supplemental budget requests for the fiscal year beginning October 1 due July 16 under 31USC1106 or before the first week of January or February, under 31USC1105 in time for the President's State of the Union Address under Art. 2 Secs. 2 and 3 of the United States Constitution. B. In the very near future, by calendar year 2019, it will be necessary for the Board of Trustees to learn to accurately calculate the payroll tax distribution estimates at different rates to justify the OASDI tax rate for the next year and make amends for prior maldistribution. To make matters more difficult, by agreeing to do everything right, the next step of accounting for the SSI trust fund with a portion of the 12.4% tax creates a third ratio to crunch. This operation becomes so difficult it can only be done in the four row per year trust fund operation table, with a copy of the prior year on the side to calculate net interest and trust fund ratio. The product of the DI, OASI or SSI tax rate divided by the 12.4% combined tax rate times the combined payroll tax revenues equals the payroll revenues for the trust fund in question. When determining the exact tax rate, unlike pi, it is necessary to compare the effect of the payroll tax revenues at several rates rounded to the law upon the total revenues, net interest income, assets at end of year, and trust fund ratio of the OASI and DI trust funds. Every year takes more than an hour. Verify the accuracy by adding the OASI and DI estimates to equal the combined total they were derived from. 12.4% DI, OASI and/or SSI Tax Distribution Estimates 2019  2022 12.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3%)TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio20191,111976.6045.588.81,0821,0706.54.929.32,9802731.8147.7141.8(65)2.43.6158.7155.63.00.1-1193.96610.6963.1834.8043.185.2922.9914.63.54.840.22,88730820191,111976.6045.588.81,0861,0756.54.924.52,9722722.1171.3165.4(65)2.43.6163.4160.33.00.17.9109.56210.3939.5811.2043.185.2922.9914.63.54.816.62,86430820191,111976.6045.588.71,0861,0756.54.924.52,9802722.0170.3157.5(65)2.410.4163.4160.33.00.16.9352.021210.4940.5819.1043.178.3922.9914.63.54.817.62,62828320191,4061,270045.589.01,3171,30111.04.989.13,1012291.54170.5157.702.410.4163.4160.33.00.17.1351.02118.00940.8819.4043.178.3922.9914.63.54.817.92,6282832.86294.7293.0001.7230.6226.14.5064.1122.12512.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3%)TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YearTrust fund Ratio20201,1691,029049.891.11,1531,1407.05.116.82,9972591.8155.2149.4(68)2.53.3164.7161.23.40.1-9.584.45710.61,015879.6047.387.8987.8979.33.64.926.92,91429220201,1691,029049.891.01,1581,1467.05.111.02,9832592.1180.8174.3(68)2.63.9170.4166.93.30.210.4119.96410.3989.1854.7047.387.1987.8979.33.64.91.32,86529020201,1691,029049.890.91,1581,1466.95.111.52,9922572.0179.2166.002.510.7170.4166.93.30.28.8360.820710.4990.5863.0047.380.2987.8979.33.64.92.72,62926620201,4811,338049.893.01,3981,38111.65.183.03,1842221.54179.2166.202.510.5170.4166.93.30.28.8359.82078.00989.4863.2047.378.8987.8979.33.64.91.62,6302662.86312.3308.6003.7239.7235.14.6072.6194.72320201,4811,338049.893.11,3981,38111.65.182.73,1842221.55180.3167.302.510.5170.4166.93.30.29.9360.92068.201,011884.8047.378.8987.8979.33.64.923.22,6512662.65289.3285.6003.7239.7235.14.6049.6171.75112.4 Tax RateTotal RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.1)TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio20211,2281,080054.592.81,2251,2127.45.13.33,0002451.8162.5156.8(70)2.73.0171.3167.53.70.1-8.875.64910.61,065923.2051.889.91,0531,0443.85.012.02,92527720211,2281,080054.692.81,2311,2187.45.1-3.02,9892422.1189.7182.9(70)2.74.1177.7173.93.70.112.0131.96810.31,038897.1051.888.71,0531,0443.85.0-15.02,85027220211,2281,080054.592.81,2311,2187.45.1-3.02,9802422.0188.1174.202.711.2177.7173.93.85.010.4371.220310.41,039905.8051.881.51,0531,0443.85.0-14.02,61725220211,5551,405054.595.91,4801,46312.25.175.33,2552151.55189.5175.602.711.2177.7173.93.85.011.8372.72038.251,066934.8051.879.51,0531,0443.85.0132,6642522.60299.8294.6005.2249.3244.54.8050.5222.06912.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio20221,2851,132059.394.61,3071,2917.85.3-18.22,9822301.8169.8164.302.92.6178.7174.63.90.1-8.966.83310.61,116967.7056.491.91,1251,1163.95.2-9.02,91626020221,2861,132059.394.61,3101,2977.85.3-24.02,9562272.1199.1191.702.94.5185.4181.43.90.113.4145.37510.31,087940.3056.490.11,1251,1163.95.2-38.22,81225320221,2851,132059.394.61,3071,2917.85.3-18.22,9822302.0197.2182.602.911.7185.4181.43.90.111.8383.120010.41,089949.4056.482.91,1251,1163.95.2-36.02,58123320221,6291,472059.397.81,5691,55112.75.359.83,3202071.55198.1184.002.911.2185.4181.43.90.112.7385.42018.501,1451,009056.479.91,1251,1163.95.2202,6842372.35285.7279.0006.7259.2254.34.9026.5248.5862017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund 1. It is necessary for the United States to decide upon the OASDI tax rate in 2019 after the conclusion of the temporary 2.37% DI 10.03% OASI tax rate of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 from 2016-18. To protect the smaller trust fund an intermediate tax rate of 2.1% DI 10.3% OASI beginning calendar year 2019 is minimally necessary to afford a 3% COLA with the high cost estimate and improve the trust fund ratio. The more legible and trust fund ratio sustaining alternative rate is 2.0% DI 10.4% OASI plus reimbursement from the OASI trust fund to  replicate to the extent possible as if the Public Law 112-96 had not failed to precisely calculate the DI tax rate to provide for 2.5% DI account asset accumulation from 2009-2015, rather than paying compensation for the deficit inflating Public Law 112-96 had precisely calculated the DI tax rate to provide for a zero-deficit + 2.5% DI account asset accumulation from 2009-2015 rather than paying compensation for the deficit inflating reduction in the OASDI payroll tax rate for 2011 and 2012 by 2 percentage points for employees and for self-employed workers. PL 112-96 was abused again to tamper the law governing the 12.4% FICA OASDI tax reduction in the OASDI payroll tax rate for 2011 and 2012 by 2 percentage points for employees and for self-employed workers, as it is divided in half to appear on employee pay-stubs. Congress has relieved itself of the responsibility of the Actuary, Commissioner and Treasury (ACT) to distribute the 12.4% OASDI tax to both afford social security beneficiaries their annual 3% COLA and prevent any account deficits from depleting any of the three social security trust funds, without any increases in the overall 12.4% OASDI tax rate for as long possible. OASDI Tax Rate Settlement 2009-2015 (billions) YearTotal RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2008805.3672.1016.9116.3625.1615.35.74.0180.22,4193581.8109.897.601.311.0109.0106.02.50.40.9215.819710.6695.5574.6015.6105.3516.2509.33.23.6179.32,2033922009807.6667.3021.9118.4685.8675.56.24.1121.82,5413531.8109.496.902.010.5121.5118.32.70.4-12.1203.617810.6698.2570.4019.9107.9564.3557.23.43.7133.92,3373902009807.6667.3021.9118.4685.7675.56.14.1121.92,5413532.03121.8109.302.010.5121.5118.32.70.40.0215.816810.37685.8558.0019.9107.9564.3557.23.43.7121.52,3253902009807.6667.3021.9118.4685.7675.56.14.1121.92,5413532.13127.1114.602.010.5121.5118.32.70.45.4221.21682010781.2637.32.424.0117.5712.5701.66.54.468.62,6103571.8104.092.50.41.99.3127.7124.23.00.5-23.6180.015910.6677.1544.82.022.1108.2584.9577.43.53.992.22,4294002010781.1637.32.424.0117.4712.5701.66.54.468.62,6103572.25127.9115.60.41.910.0127.7124.23.00.50.2216.016910.15653.2521.72.022.1107.4584.9577.43.53.968.32,3933982010781.1637.32.424.0117.4712.5701.66.54.468.62,6103572.35133.4120.90.41.910.2127.7124.23.00.55.5226.717310.05647.8516.52.022.1107.2584.9577.43.53.962.92,38339712.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2011805.1564.2102.723.8114.4736.1725.16.44.669.02,6783541.8106.381.914.91.67.9132.3128.92.90.5-26.1153.913610.6698.8482.487.822.2106.5603.8596.23.54.195.02,5244022011805.1666.9023.8114.4736.1725.16.44.669.02,6793542.25132.1121.001.69.5132.3128.92.90.5-0.2215.816310.15673.0545.9022.2104.9603.8596.23.54.169.22,4623962011805.1666.9023.8114.4736.1725.16.44.669.02,6783542.36138.0126.701.69.7132.3128.92.90.55.7232.416710.04666.8540.1022.2104.5603.8596.23.54.163.02,44639512.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2012840.2589.5114.327.3109.1785.8774.86.34.754.42,7323411.8109.185.616.50.66.4140.3136.92.90.5-31.2122.711010.6731.1503.997.726.7102.8645.5637.93.44.185.62,6103912012840.2703.8027.3109.1785.8774.86.34.654.42,7323412.31140.5131.100.68.8140.3136.92.90.50.2216.015410.09699.7572.7026.7100.3645.5637.93.44.154.22,5163812012840.2703.8027.3109.1785.8774.86.34.654.52,7333412.39145.8135.700.69.5140.3136.92.90.55.5237.916610.01694.4568.1026.799.6645.5637.93.44.148.92,49537912.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2013855.0726.24.921.1102.8822.9812.36.24.532.12,7653321.8111.2105.40.70.44.7143.4140.12.80.6-32.290.48610.6743.8620.84.220.798.1679.5672.13.43.964.32,6743842013855.0726.24.921.1102.8822.9812.36.24.532.12,7663322.30143.9134.70.70.48.1143.4140.12.80.60.5216.515110.1711.1591.54.220.794.7679.5672.13.43.931.62,5483702013855.0726.24.921.1102.8822.9812.36.24.532.12,7653322.45149.4143.60.70.48.9143.4140.12.80.66.0243.91669.95705.6582.64.220.793.9679.5672.13.43.926.12,52136712.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2014884.3756.00.529.698.2859.2848.56.14.725.02,7903221.8114.9109.70.11.73.4145.1141.72.90.4-30.260.26210.6769.4646.20.428.094.8714.2706.83.14.355.22,7293742014884.4756.00.529.698.2859.2848.56.14.725.22,7903222.23145.5136.00.11.77.7145.1141.72.90.40.4216.914910.17738.9620.00.428.090.5714.2706.83.14.324.72,5733572014884.4756.00.529.698.2859.2848.56.14.725.22,7903222.31151.3140.80.11.78.7145.1141.72.90.46.2250.216810.09733.1615.20.428.089.5714.2706.83.14.318.92,54035312.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2015920.2794.90.331.693.3897.1886.36.24.723.02,8133111.8118.6115.401.12.1146.6143.42.80.4-28.032.34110.6801.6679.50.330.691.2750.5742.93.44.351.12,7803642015920.2794.90.331.693.3897.1886.36.24.723.12,8133112.24146.8143.601.17.3146.6143.42.80.40.2216.114810.16773.4651.30.330.686.0750.5742.93.44.322.92,6073432015920.2794.90.331.693.3897.1886.36.24.723.12,8133112.24153.1143.601.18.4146.6143.42.80.46.5256.717110.16767.1651.30.330.684.9750.5742.93.44.316.62,557338Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the OASDI Trust Funds C. It is necessary for OASI to reimburse the DI trust fund $224.4 billion adjusted for 2.5% annual interest to $240.4 billion for the deficits that nearly nearly depleted the fund 2009-2015. Public Law 112-96 reduced the OASDI payroll tax rate for 2011 and 2012 by 2 percentage points for employees and for self-employed workers. These laws required that the General Fund of the Treasury reimburse the OASI and DI Trust Funds for these temporary reductions in 2010, 2011, and 2012 payroll tax revenue, in order to  replicate to the extent possible revenue that would have been received if the combined employee/employer payroll tax rates had remained at 12.4 percent for OASDI. In law, it is only the neglected DI trust fund deficit, that in fact requires reimbursement to replicate to the extent possible revenue that would have been received if the OASDI tax had been properly adjusted. Congress took advantage of the freeze on Cost-of-living adjustments (COLA) 2009-2011 to cause economic damage to the negligent trust fund to prove the academic point that the OASDI trust fund has a large combined surplus for the purpose of computation of benefit negotiations under Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act 42USC415(i). Public Law 111-147 exempted most employers from paying the employer share of OASDI payroll tax on wages paid during the period March 19, 2010 through December 31, 2010 to certain qualified individuals hired after February 3, 2010. Public Law 111-312, Public Law 112-78, and Public Law 112-96 reduced the OASDI payroll tax rate for 2011 and 2012 by 2 percentage points for employees and for self-employed workers. These laws require that the General Fund of the Treasury reimburse the OASI and DI Trust Funds for these temporary reductions in 2010, 2011, and 2012 payroll tax revenue, in order to  replicate to the extent possible revenue that would have been received if the combined employee/employer payroll tax rates had remained at 12.4 percent for OASDI. Although the payroll distribution seems to have been accurately calculated despite the statistically significant General Fund reimbursement the frivolous taxpayer subsidies harbors and conceals terrorism under 18USC2339. The $57.3 billion DI deficit accumulated 2011-2012 were the peak disability spending years during 2011 when 2.7% DI 9.7% OASI tax rate and 2012 when 2.8% DI 9.6% OASI tax rates was needed. The actual motivation for the expensive psychological graft was probably to conceal the fact that combined OASDI payroll tax revenues were $666.9 billion in 2011 when 50,000 social security beneficiaries, including Title I State Old Age Insurance, were victimized by theft and bribery under 18USC666 under color of overpayment 26USC6402(a) as incited by Congress. The theft was checked, but remain uncompensated for, or relieved by regular COLA from the contrived affliction of $600-$699 a month many died with, by the Social Security Caucus of 2011 under Sec. 204(c) of the Social Security Act 42USC404(c), and the 42 month limit on $600-$699 a month under Revelation (13:10) . 1. Peter s Principle is in any organization every employee rises to his level of incompetence. All valuable work is therefore done by people who have not yet reached that level. People must be cautious with leadership because they often accept positions of power for which they are not qualified although they may have performed well in another, lesser or more specialized position. Parkinson's Law explains that work expands to fill the time available to do it. Or, that the amount of work done varies inversely to the number of people employed as the result of the Law of Diminishing Returns. Although more people can make a job go faster as long as there is somebody the job will get done. Any gain that a proprietor makes from employment is less than if the owner did it themselves and becomes even more marginal the more employees there are. Estimates must be crunched in the park, the Board of Trustees made an error in the 2016 Annual Report pay-roll tax revenue estimates for 2016, it has been corrected, and the numbers are replaced with optimistic numbers in the 2017 Annual Report, that also turn out to be false. The 1.8% DI tax rate is insufficient to sustain the recently recovered trust fund, that hit a low of $32.2 billion in 2015 at the 1.8% tax rate. At the beginning 2019 year the DI balance of $104.9 billion yields a trust fund ratio of 66% in 2019 when the 2.37% DI tax of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 expires, and the trust fund declines -8.7% to $96.0 billion with a trust fund ratio of 58%, at the 1.8% rate. The Actuary's combined totals will have to be used to discover that the numbers for 2016, 2019 and 2020 do not express exactly the correct ratio. 2015, 2017 and 2018 are right. 1. The United Nations has expressed concern regarding the incitement of religious violence, incidental to be informed that State Department international assistance was finally totaled, without non-add brackets, to the tune of $66 billion, 0.34% of the GDP, better than the 0.17% reported by OECD with only 0.11% proven, with cuts to official development assistance (ODA) threatening to infinitely prolong the world struggle with that apocalyptic number after the solar eclipse of August 21. The Commissioner of Social Security has engaged in too much misconduct regarding the number of the beast for the United States to go un-circumscribed for the crime of genocide under 18USC1091 in regards to their unscientific computation of benefits under Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act 42USC415(i) . The weight of gold which came in to Solomon in one year was 666 talents of gold (1 Kings 10:14)(2 Chronicles 9:13). He who has an ear, let him hear. If anyone is to go into captivity, into captivity he will go. If anyone is to be killed with the sword, with the sword he will be killed. This calls for patient endurance and faithfulness on the part of the saints for forty-two months& He also forced everyone great and small, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on his right hand or on his forehead, so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark which is the name of the beast or the number of his name, This calls for wisdom. If anyone has insight, let him calculate the number of the beast, for it is man s number. His number is 666 (Revelation 13:9, 10 & 16-18). O Prophet! why do you forbid (yourself) that which Allah has made lawful for you; you seek to please your wives; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful (The Prohibition 66:1). O you who believe! save yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and stones; over it are angels stern and strong, they do not disobey Allah in what He commands them, and do as they are commanded (The Prohibition 66:6). Thy people called it a lie, and yet it is the truth. Say, I have not charge over you; to every prophecy is a set time, and in the end ye shall know (Cattle 6:66). Say: Come I will recite what your Lord has forbidden to you-- (remember) that you do not associate anything with Him and show kindness to your parents, and do not slay your children for (fear of) poverty-- We provide for you and for them-- and do not draw nigh to indecencies, those of them which are apparent and those which are concealed, and do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except for the requirements of justice; this He has enjoined you with that you may understand (Cattle 6:151). E. Although the average national poverty rate runs about 15.4%, child poverty runs at 22%-33%, while the working age poverty rate has fallen to 10% and elderly poverty 9% not including medical bills that drive up elderly poverty to 15.9%. It is very expensive to raise children without a labor budget affordable annual 3% raise in federal minimum wage, paid maternity leave or reliable Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). To redress the moral non-support Human Services must graduate from the Public Health Service (PHS). SSI and TANF spending needs to grow at least 4% annually because there a lot of poor families in the United States who would benefit from a 3% COLA and 1% net population growth. Unemployment compensation, health overspending, education and social work should grow an average of 3% annually. For their part United States Social Security Administration (SSA) needs begin paying compassionate allowances of full SSI benefits to about 100,000 orphans to share one-third with their orphanage, and DI to a significant percentage of 400,000 working age orphans. Do not take advantage of a widow or an orphan (Old Testament, Exodus 22:22). Leave your orphans; I will protect their lives. Your widows too can trust in me (Jeremiah 49:11). Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world (New Testament, James 1:27). And they feed, for the love of God, the indigent, the orphan, and the captive (The Quran, The Human: 8). Therefore, treat not the orphan with harshness (The Morning Hours: 9). Be good to orphans and the very poor. And speak good words to people (The Heifer: 83). Give orphans their property, and do not substitute bad things for good. Do not assimilate their property into your own. Doing that is a serious crime (The Women: 2). 1. To maximize economic growth and employment, while minimizing the damages of inflation and income inequality, it is necessary for government and industry spending to stabilize the income growth of the poor at 3% to stay ahead of 2.7% average annual inflation. The Law of Supply and Demand provides that competition between consumers and producers brings the supply of goods and the demand for them into balance. This is Cardinal 'law' of free-market economic theory. The good in question is cash social security benefits, SSI or TANF, for which demand is estimated by the number of individuals and families living at or below the official poverty line. Say's Law provides that there can be no demand without supply. Thus aggregate demand equals aggregate supply. Thus every rise in the demand for goods results in an increase in supply. However the concept that the creation of more money simply results in inflation because more money demanding the same quantity of goods does not represent an increase in real demand, does not apply to demand for welfare benefits by people who are poor by virtue of having little or no money. Engel s Law anticipates that with rising incomes, the share of expenditures for food and other products declines. The Iron Law of Wages is that if wages rise above subsistence level, they produce inflation, which in turn forces wages down to subsistence level again. By subsidizing the subsistence income of the poor with SSI and TANF benefits, the GDP will benefit from high rates of catch-up growth with little inflation. There is no need to discriminate against any social security beneficiaries because the monthly income is limited by a maximum benefit amount, but in a budget crunch, income growth could be 3% for those with incomes <150% of the poverty line and 2.5% for those with incomes >150% of the poverty line. The poor need an annual 3% COLA and federal minimum wage raise to compete with 2.7% inflation. 2. The 2.2% Cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) proposed in Table V.C1 of the 2017 Annual OASDI Report discriminates against the 3% COLA law, the 2.7% COLA (2017) promised in the 2016 Annual Report, the 2.7% (2018), 3.0% (2019) COLA negotiation to ensure exactly $777 SSI (2019) and the 2.1% DI tax rate CY 19. Two counts of deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246, one count of bribery of witnesses under 18USC201 and two counts of terrorism under 18USC2331 against government property or contracts under 18USC1361via communication lines, stations, systems under 18USC1362 to produce defective national-defense material under 18USC2156 that constitutes torture under 18USC2340A of 70.4 million hostages under 18USC1203. Deprivation one: 3% annual COLA is needed for limited income beneficiaries to compete with 2.7% annual consumer price inflation. Deprivation two: The agreed upon 2.7% COLA (2018) from the 2016 Annual Report provided the stability that is needed for 3% COLA (2019) to equal SSI benefits of exactly $777 (2019). The 3.1% COLA (2019) is bribery of witnesses that unscientifically leads to a 2.6% COLA (2020) and thereafter, rather than either the 2.7% rate of inflation or 3% COLA. Attrition, the two counts of terrorism are in regards to the government reneging on the borderline scientific public contract with 2.7% CPI = 2.7% COLA (2018) from the 2016 Annual Report and the 2.2% COLA from the 2017 Annual Report that terrorizes the 2.2% DI 10.2% OASI intermediate tax rate. Prior COLA thefts cannot be allowed to intellectually disable December COLA negotiations for either the 2.7% (2018) inflation negotiation with God to compute $777 mo. SSI (2019) or 3% rule of law under Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act 42USC415(i). OASI scheduled benefit spending is estimated to grow 6.4% 2017-2018 and 7.5% 2018-2019 and there is no need to do any extra accounting to shift towards the high-cost spending level for DI to afford a 2.7% or 3% COLA (2018)? 106 Social Security Administration A. The Economic Security Act (H. R. 7260), first enacted August 14, 1935 and subsequently amended numerous times, is compiled as the Social Security Act in 21 Titles, 1-2110 and codified at Title 42 of the United States Code Chapter 7 Subchapters I-XXI 301-1397jj. Although not required for legal purposes, reference to social security law should include both the Act and the Statute for neutral citation. The intention of the original Economic Security Act P.L. 74-271 was  to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws; to establish a Social Security Board; to raise revenue; and for other purposes . Social security has become the largest, most important and most loved social program in modern governments. The Social Security Act has undergone four major amendments. The two most significant amendments to the Social Security Act have been the creation of a disability insurance program in the Amendments of 1956 and P.L. 86-778 of 1960 that removed the age requirements for disability insurance and the creation of a national medical insurance program in P.L. 89-97 signed on July 30, 1965. In 1972, Congress enacted the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program to assist "individuals who have attained age 65 or are blind or disabled" by setting a guaranteed minimum income level for such persons in Public Law 92-603. SSI is currently paid for the by General Fund, not OASDI. SSI is administrated and accounted for by Social Security that became an independent agency in 1996. 1. The first accounting challenge of the combined Annual Report of the Social Security Administration is to calculate the total number of Social Security beneficiaries from the estimates provided in the 2017 Annual Report of the OASDI Trustees and 2016 Annual Report of the SSI Program. Year-end 2017 the United States Social Security Administration (SSA) is estimated to administrate monthly benefits to 70.4 million people  51.7 million retirees and survivors (OASI) and 18.7 million disabled workers  10.6 million Disability Insurance (DI) and 8.1 million Supplemental Security Income (SSI). 173 million covered workers pay taxes on income less than $127,200 (2017). If those making more are taxed Old Age Survivor and Disability Insurance (OASDI) Trust Funds will have to be required pay every child growing up in poverty an SSI benefit, the first calendar year the law is in operation, and everyone living below the poverty line by 2020. Congress may tax the rich as soon as October 1, 2017 the first day of fiscal year 2018 to begin paying 16-24 million poor children calendar year 2018. Low current beneficiary estimates in 2016 report of the SSI program may not be taking into consideration that non-contributing Baby Boomers who become automatically eligible for SSI payments at age 65. Social Security Beneficiaries in Current-Payment Status 2010-2018 (millions) Benefits 201020112012201320142015201620172018 2018 taxCOLA003.6%1.7%1.5%1.7%0%0.3%2.7%2.7%OASI43.844.845.947.048.149.250.351.753.053.0DI10.210.610.910.910.910.810.610.610.810.8SSI7.77.98.08.18.28.28.18.18.325.0Total61.763.364.86667.268.26970.472.188.8Workers157158.6160.8163.1165.6168.4170.8172.8172.8172.8Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund; 2016 Annual Report of the Supplemental Security Income Program, pg. 130-131, 139-140 2. The Social Security Administration (SSA) must also learn account for the combined SSI and OASDI Trust Fund tax rates to enable Congress to repeal the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430. SSA is a model of administrative efficiency with administrative costs less than 1% of expenses and about one worker for every thousand beneficiaries. For only $10 billion, 70,000 SSA workers administrate more than $1 trillion to more than 70 million beneficiaries, including $955 billion from the OASDI Trust Funds and $54 billion for the SSI program from the General Fund FY 17. There shall be adequate staff to provide that all individuals wishing to make application for assistance under the plan shall have opportunity to do so, and that such assistance shall be furnished with reasonable promptness to all eligible individuals in Sec. 2 of the Social Security Act under 42USC302. SSA is very administratively efficient compared with any other benevolent program of any sort, with administrative costs less than 1% of benefits. Simplified online income verification SSI application forms will be filled out for healthy poor children by schools, hospitals, obstetricians and pediatricians, without the extra dozens of pages pertaining to medical disability. SSI administrative contract spending growth in excess of 5%, 7.2% 2015-16, will be limited to 3% annually, as is the norm for all three SSA trust funds, as the result of the simplification of disability optional SSI application form data entry. Treasury volunteers, whose spending growth is limited to 2.5%, will help to limit the costs of SSA administrative spending growth to 3% annually for social workers = net new employment % + pay raise % after possible one-time 5% surge in SSI entry expenses caused by the creation of the SSI Trust Fund with all the proceeds of the tax on the rich. Only the usual 3% administrative growth is projected, a difference of $100 million to $300 million at the current inefficient 7% rate of growth in back-payments. Budget Request of SSI and OASDI Trust Funds 2018-2020 (billions) 12.4 Tax Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio20181,056928.4(62)41.386.51,0151,0046.34.9412,94828720181,3351,207041.386.51,2371,22110.64.998.33,0122351.81187.2176.202.18.9155.7152.62.90.131.5343.92007.72867.8751.0039.277.6859.0850.93.34.78.82,6103022.87279.4279.4000221.8217.44.4058.058.0020191,4061,270045.589.01,3171,30111.04.989.13,1012291.54170.5157.702.410.4163.4160.33.00.17.1351.02118.00940.8819.4043.178.3922.9914.63.54.817.92,6282832.86294.7293.0001.7230.6226.14.5064.1122.12520201,4811,338049.893.11,3981,38111.65.182.73,1842221.55180.3167.302.510.5170.4166.93.30.29.9360.92068.201,011884.8047.378.8987.8979.33.64.923.22,6512662.65289.3285.6003.7239.7235.14.6049.6171.751Source: Repeal of Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base Section 230 of the Social Security Act under 42USC430. B. A Social Security Board was responsible for administration of the original Social Security Act except for parts 1, 2, 3, and 5 of Title V (which were administered by the Children's Bureau, then in the Department of Labor); part 4 of Title V which increased the appropriations authorized for carrying out the Act of June 2, 1920 and Title VI which authorized grants to the States for public health work. The Social Security Board was transferred to the Federal Security Agency by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1939 and the Board's functions were to be carried on under the direction and supervision of the Federal Security Administrator. Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1946 transferred the functions of the Children's Bureau and the functions of the Secretary of Labor under Title V of the Act to the Federal Security Administrator and the Board was abolished. The Bureau of Employment Security, with its unemployment compensation and employment service function, was transferred from the Federal Security Agency to the Department of Labor by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1949. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was established by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 with a Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare as the head of the Department. All functions of the Federal Security Agency, which was abolished, were transferred to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The functions of the Federal Security Administrator were transferred to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was re-designated the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare was re-designated the Secretary of Health and Human Services by P.L. 96-88, 509, approved October 17, 1979. The Department of Health and Human Services re-designation was effective May 4, 1980 (45 Federal Register 29642; May 5, 1980). The Department of Education which was established by P.L. 96 88 was activated May 4, 1980 (Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980; 45 Federal Register 29557; May 5, 1980). Effective March 31, 1995, the Social Security Administration was re-established as an independent agency, with a Commissioner responsible for the exercise of all powers and duties of the Administration, by P.L. 103-296, 101, approved August 15, 1994. Commissioners of Social Security 1946-present Arthur J. Altmeyer July 16, 1946-April 10, 1953 Martha A. McSteen (Acting) September 14, 1983 to June 25, 1986 William L. Mitchell (Acting) April 11, 1953 to November 23, 1953 Dorcas R. Hardy June 26, 1986 to July 31, 1989John W. Tramburg November 24, 1953 to July 31, 1954 Gwendolyn S. King August 1, 1989 to September 30, 1992 Charles I. Schottland August 23, 1954 to December 31, 1958 Louis D. Enoff (Acting) October 1, 1992 to July 18, 1993 William L. Mitchell February 4, 1959 to April 3, 1962Lawrence H. Thompson (Acting) July 19, 1993 to October 7, 1993Robert M. Ball April 17, 1962 to March 17, 1973 Shirley S. Chater October 8, 1993 to February 28, 1997 Arthur E. Hess (Acting) March 18, 1973 to October 24, 1973 John J. Callahan (Acting) March 1, 1997 to September 28, 1997 James B. Cardwell October 25, 1973 to December 12, 1977 Kenneth S. Apfel September 29, 1997 to January 20, 2001 Don I. Wortman (Acting) December 13, 1977 to October 4, 1978 William Halter (Acting) January 21, 2001 to March 28, 2001 Stanford G. Ross October 5, 1978 to December 31, 1979 Larry G. Massanari (Acting) March 29, 2001 to November 9, 2001Herbert R. Doggette (Acting) January 1, 1980 to January 2, 1980 Jo Anne B. Barnhart November 9, 2001 to February 11, 2007 William J. Driver January 3, 1980 to January 19, 1981Michael J. Astrue November 12, 2007 to February 14, 2013Herbert R. Doggette (Acting) January 20, 1981 to May 5, 1981 Carolyn Colvin February February 14, 2013 to February 24, 2017John A. Svahn May 6, 1981 to September 12, 1983Nancy Berryhill February 24, 2017Source: SSA 1. SSA is headed by a Commissioner of Social Security, who employs a deputy commissioner and Inspector General to oversee, in co-operation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the administrative programs of SSA and may create and abolish such operations as they see fit under Sec. 702 of the Social Security Act under 42USC902. SSA receives counsel from the President s Advisory Board. It is the duty of the Board of Trustees composed of the Commissioner of Social Security, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services under Sec. 202 of the Social Security Act under 42USC401 to - a. Hold the Trust Funds; b. Report to the Congress not later than the first day of April of each year on the operation and status of the Trust Funds during the preceding fiscal year and on their expected operation and status during the next ensuing five fiscal years; c. Report immediately to the Congress whenever the Board of Trustees is of the opinion that the amount of either of the Trust Funds is unduly small; d. Recommend improvements in administrative procedures and policies designed to effectuate the proper coordination of the old-age and survivors insurance and Federal-State unemployment compensation program; and e. Review the general policies followed in managing the Trust Funds, and recommend changes in such policies, including necessary changes in the provisions of the law which govern the way in which the Trust Funds are to be managed. In November 2001 a law was passed to give the Commissioner of Social Security a set term of 6 years. Previously, in nature, without a law dictating an arbitrary term limit, the average term was less than two years after the founder Arthur J. Altmeyer served six years from July 16, 1946-April 10, 1953 or the longest serving commissioner Robert M. Ball, served nearly nine years from April 17, 1962 to March 17, 1973. Most Commissioners served only a few months. Congress is recommended to amend the 6 year term of the Commissioner to 2 years under Sec. 702 of the Social Security Act under 42USC902(a)(3). April fool s day is not a federal holiday. The Board of Trustees cannot afford to play the fool in 2019 when a 2.1% DI tax rate or 2.0% DI tax rate plus $240 billion settlement is needed to avoid further insanity before the insolvency of the combined OASDI tax rate is estimated to create a deficit in 2022. It is recommended for Congress to amend the due date and responsible authority for Sec. 1161 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1320c-10 to June 20-21, the summer solstice and Commissioner of Social Security. 2. The term  Non-social worker representatives is proposed to amend Sec. 206 of the Social Security Act under 42USC406.  Non-social worker representatives with (or without) law degrees need to be ordered by the federal court to include an SSA  staff attorney in their certificate of service of civil claims for social security benefits to the federal court at the expense of the plaintiff, there is a $5 filing fee for indigents. Due process is that disability lawyers must write a legal brief that cites the income, medical evidence, rejection letters and laws. After the first year prioritizing the end of child poverty with 24 million SSI benefits, 9 million current and 16 million full new benefits, SSI spending would grow at the fixed rate of 4% annually with the population growing at 1% and benefits at 3% to afford the trust funds sufficient liquidity to prevent or delay, for as long as possible with a 3% COLA, any OASDI or SSI deficits at the current 12.4% OASDI and SSI tax rate for the 75 year horizon. Going forward it is important to note that OASI population growth and spending tends to be overestimated while the high-cost DI projection in the 2017 Annual Report, must be used to afford all social security beneficiaries a 3% COLA. C. The Economic Security Act was part of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Second New Deal in response to the economic hardships of the Great Depression. The Social Security Program that was established was meant to provide a safety net for the nation s vulnerable population. Unlike many of the other programs of the New Deal that were temporary in nature, or subsequently abolished, Social Security was built to last. Social Security has become a cornerstone of democracy, a means of efficiently redistributing income from the rich to poor, a system of government that provides people with a subsistence income. A system of government that renders much of the oppressive government machinery obsolete. A system of government that properly expanded and improved upon can completely eliminate the scourge of war and deprivations of poverty from the nation and ultimately the world. It is provided in the International Bill of Rights: Art. 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 217 A (III) (1948) that everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. Art. 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2200A(XXI)(1966) for the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance Each State Party undertakes to take steps, individually and through international assistance and co-operation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights. Art. 11 of the Declaration on Social Progress and Development 2542 (XXIV) 1969 for the provision of comprehensive social security schemes and social welfare services; the establishment and improvement of social security and insurance schemes for all persons who, because of illness, disability or old age, are temporarily or permanently unable to earn a living, with a view to ensuring a proper standard of living for such persons and for their families and dependents; by (a) assuring the right to work and the right of everyone to form trade union and bargain collectively, (b) eliminating hunger and malnutrition, (c) eliminating poverty, (d) upholding the highest standards of health, (e) providing housing for low income people. 1. Everyone has a right to social security, and social insurance without discrimination under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Americans With Disabilities (ADA) Act. Discrimination on the basis of disability means any distinction, exclusion or restriction on the basis of disability which has the purpose or effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basis with others, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms including the right gain a living by work freely chosen or accepted by the labor market. The vision of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a world free from want and fear. The right to equality and the principle of non-discrimination are among the most fundamental elements of international human rights law. All persons are entitled to equal protection against arbitrary and discriminatory treatment. Article 22 calls for the right to social security; that is derogated in other words to guarantee income base that maintains human dignity and that allows individuals to meet most basic human needs of water, shelter, clothing and so on. Article 23 calls for the right to work and to a livelihood that enables individuals to support themselves and their families. Article 24 calls for the right to rest and leisure, so that one s employer cannot demand work around the clock or in burdensome and crushing conditions. Article 25 states that there is a universal right to a standard of living that is adequate for the health and wellbeing of the individual and of their family. The elements of this standard of living include food; clothing; housing; medical care; necessary social services; and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or any other lack of livelihood in uncontrollable circumstances. Additionally, mothers and children are entitled to special care and assistance. 2. SSA beneficiaries need a 3% COLA. A 3% COLA would create economic growth by enabling 70 million poor beneficiaries to compete with 2.7% average annual inflation. The OASI Trust Fund is however growing very fast, with a high of 1.4 million, 2.7%, growth in beneficiaries estimated for 2017. On average the OASI population has a net growth rate of 1.1 million annually for the past decade, including as recently as 2015-16. OASI has had about 2.2% average annual rate of beneficiary growth. OASI revenue growth must provide for 2.5% population growth + 3% COLA = 5.5% annual spending increase, to prevent any deficits. The most important thing for the United States to do is to guarantee all social security beneficiaries a 3% COLA in all years inflation continues to run at average annual rate of around 2.7% and the combined OASDI trust fund ratio is greater than 20% under Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act 42USC415(i). Although a deficit is not scheduled to appear in the combined OASDI trust funds until 2022 under current law a deficit appears in the DI trust fund in 2019 the moment the 2.37% DI tax rate reverts to 1.8% after the expiration of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 in calendar year 2019. The good news is that OASI scheduled benefit spending is estimated to grow 6.4% 2017-2018 and 7.5% 2018-2019 and there is no need to do any extra accounting but pay the high cost DI scenario with a 2.1% or 2.0% with damage settlement DI tax rate, to afford a 3% COLA for all social security beneficiaries. Combined OASDI Trust Funds Untaxed 2000-2022 (billions) TotalTaxGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2000568.4492.5-0.812.364.5415.1407.63.83.7153.31,0492162001602.0516.4012.772.9438.9431.93.73.3163.11,2132392002627.1532.50.413.880.4461.7453.84.23.6165.41,3782632003631.9533.5013.484.9479.1470.84.63.7152.81,5312882004657.5553.0015.789.0501.6493.34.53.8156.11,6873052005701.8592.9-0.314.994.3529.9520.75.33.9171.81,8593182006744.9625.6016.9102.4555.4546.25.33.8189.52,0483352007784.9656.1018.6110.2594.5584.95.54.0190.42,2393452008805.3672.1016.9116.3625.1615.35.74.0180.22,4193582009807.5667.3021.9118.3685.8675.56.24.1121.72,5403532010781.1637.32.423.9117.5712.5701.66.54.468.62,6093572011805.1564.2102.723.8114.4736.1725.16.44.669.02,6783542012840.2589.5114.327.3109.1785.8774.86.34.754.42,7323412013855.0726.24.921.1102.8822.9812.36.24.532.12,7643322014884.3756.00.529.698.2859.2848.56.14.725.02,7903222015920.2794.90.331.693.3897.1886.36.24.723.02,8133112016957.5836.20.132.888.4922.3911.46.24.735.22,84830520171,014889.9038.185.7955.2944.16.54.658.62,90629820181,056928.4041.386.51,0121,0006.34.944.72,9512871,3351,207041.386.51,2371,22110.64.998.33,01223520191,111976.6045.588.81,0821,0706.54.929.32,9802731,4061,270045.589.01,3171,30111.04.989.13,10122920201,1691,029049.891.11,1531,1407.05.116.82,9972591,4811,338049.893.11,3981,38111.65.182.73,18422220211,2281,080054.692.81,2251,2127.45.13.33,0002451,5551,405054.595.91,4801,46312.25.175.33,25521520221,2851,132059.394.61,3071,2917.85.3-18.22,9822301,6291,472059.397.81,5691,55112.75.359.83,32020720231,3421,181064.496.41,3881,3748.25.4-46.42,9362151,7091,545064.499.61,6311,61313.05.477.63,398204Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal OASDI and Federal DI Trust Funds Pg. 48, 160-161 3% interest rate D. In 2016, social security distributed an average of $2.6 billion each month to benefit about 4.3 million children because one or both of their parents are disabled, retired, or deceased. Unmarried children can get benefits if they re: Younger than age 18; 18-19 years old and a full-time student (no higher than grade 12); or 18 or older with a disability that began before age 22. Under certain circumstances, we can also pay benefits to a stepchild, grandchild, step- grandchild, or adopted child. To get benefits, a child must have: A parent who s disabled or retired and entitled to Social Security benefits. A parent who died after having worked long enough in a job where they paid Social Security taxes. The child s birth certificate and the parent s and child s Social Security numbers. Depending on the type of benefit involved, other documents may be required. For example, when applying for survivors benefits for the child, proof of parents death is needed. Certain family members may also qualify for benefits. Benefits may be paid to a: spouse, divorced spouse, children, disabled child, and/or adult child disabled before age 22. If any qualified family members apply for benefits, SSA will ask for their Social Security numbers and their birth certificates. If a spouse is applying for benefits, social security may ask for proof of marriage, and dates of prior marriages, if applicable. Each family member may be eligible for a monthly benefit of up to 50 percent of the disability rate. However, there is a limit to the amount social security pays a family. The total depends on the benefit amount and the number of family members who also qualify on the record. The total varies, but generally the total amount a family can receive is about 150 to 180 percent of the disability benefit. If the sum of the benefits payable on the account is greater than the family limit, the benefits to the family members will be reduced proportionately. The benefit will not be affected. 1. Benefits stop when a child reaches age 18 unless the child is a student or disabled. Three months before the child s 18th birthday, SSA sends a notice that benefits will end when the child turns 18. Benefits don t end if the child is a full-time student at a secondary (or elementary) school. If the child is younger than 19 and still attending a secondary or elementary school, they must notify SSA. They must complete a statement of attendance certified by a school official. The benefits will then usually continue until the child graduates, or until two months after reaching age 19, whichever comes first. Benefits will continue at age 18 to a child who s disabled. Childhood disability benefits are also payable after reaching age 18, if the disability began before age 22. Within a family, a child can receive up to half of the parent s full retirement or disability benefit. If a child receives survivors benefits, they can get up to 75 percent of the deceased parent s basic Social Security benefit. There is a limit, however, to the amount of money SSA can pay to a family. The family maximum payment is determined as part of every Social Security benefit computation. It can be from 150 to 180 percent of the parent s full benefit amount. If the total amount payable to all family members exceeds this limit, SSA reduces each person s benefit proportionately (except the parent s) until the total equals the maximum allowable amount. When an eligible child under age 18, who has a representative payee, is eligible for certain large past due payments covering more than 6 months of benefits, these payments must be paid directly into a separate account in a financial institution. This separate account is called a dedicated account because the representative payee, or later the child, may use the funds in this account only for certain expenses, primarily those related to the child's disability or education. The representative payee must maintain the dedicated account separately from any other savings or checking account set up for the child. Each year, SSA monitors how the representative payee spends the funds in the dedicated account. E. As a rule there are no residency requirements for social security disability or retirement beneficiaries, who may wish to go on a permanent vacation for health reasons. An individual is considered a "resident" if they live in the State or political subdivision administrating the supplemental relief, if the individual: has located in the area; and intends to make the area the individual's sole place of residence or is traveling through the area who needs emergency assistance and/or has a mailing address in the area. For the purpose of the administration of social security and relief residency is important because local and state administrations are expected to contribute to Social Security benefits through Medicare, foods stamps and state supplemental security income. Any State (or political subdivision) making supplementary payments may at its option impose as a condition of eligibility for such payments, and include a residence requirement which excludes individuals who have resided in the State (or political subdivision) for less than a minimum period prior to application for such payments under Sec. 1616 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XVI(A)1382e (c)(1). State agencies shall administrate aid to the Permanently and totally disabled to guarantee the recipients are granted steady benefits without residency requirement of more than five years under Sec. 1402 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XIV1352 (b)(1). 1. Since 1986, United States immigration law has prohibited employers from knowingly hiring or continuing to employ aliens who are not authorized to work under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Since 1996, employers have had the option of verifying names and Social Security numbers (SSNs) of new hires against SSA s database through an employment eligibility verification system (EEVS, formerly known as the Basic Pilot) operated jointly by SSA and DHS. Until 2003, the Basic Pilot was restricted to operate in only five states, but has since been expanded nationally. Currently, about 16,700 employers at 73,000 hiring sites (less than 1 percent of all establishments) participate in the EEVS. Most participating employers do so voluntarily, but some are required to use the EEVS by law or because of prior immigration violations. In 2006, the system received over 1.6 million requests for verification. Of these, 1.4 million cases were resolved by SSA. The bulk of the remaining cases were referred to DHS for further verification of work-eligibility. 2. Alien nationals are not generally eligible for social security benefits. Generally, a non-citizen may be eligible for SSI if lawfully admitted for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) and have a total of 40 credits of work in the United States, a spouse s or parent s work may also count. Not more than 4 credits may be granted any given year. For purposes of determining eligibility for and the amount of benefits of an individual who is an alien, the income and resources of any person who executed an affidavit of support or similar agreement with respect to such individual, and he income and resources of the sponsor's spouse, shall be deemed to be the income and resources of such individual for a period of 3 years after the individual's entry into the United States. Any such income deemed to be income of such individual shall be treated as unearned income of such individual under Sec. 1621 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1382j. 3. The Secretary is authorized to provide temporary assistance to citizens of the United States and to dependents of citizens of the United States, if they are identified by the Department of State as having returned, or been brought, from a foreign country to the United States because of the destitution of the citizen of the United States or the illness of such citizen or any of his dependents or because of war, threat of war, invasion, or similar crisis renders them eligible for asylum or refugee status under Sec. 1113 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XI-A1313. Social Security benefits for stateless (undocumented) individuals and international refugees of political or natural disaster are protected under the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons of 1951 and 1954 Respectively. F. Social security is a right, for those aged and disabled people who live below the poverty line, and also for those who have contributed to the fund their entire working lives. Social security tends to the needs of (a) the sick; (b) those in need; (c) those without necessary financial resources; and (d) those likely to suffer without aid. Every year SSA processes more than 5 million claims for benefits; Issues 16 million new and replacement Social Security number (SSN) cards; Processes 265 million earnings items to maintain workers life-long earnings records; Handles approximately 54 million phone calls to SSA s 800-number; and Issues 136 million Social Security Statements to advise workers how much they have contributed to Social Security and provide estimates of future benefits. Social Security Matters blog provides online feedback. The right to social security is an important safety net with which society protects the poor, aged and disabled, wherefore that right has come to be protected from discrimination and third party intrusions, through civil rights. The right of any person to payment is not be transferable or assignable, at law or in equity. None of the moneys shall be subject to execution, levy, attachment, garnishment or other legal process, or to bankruptcy or insolvency law under Sec. 207(a) of the Social Security Act under 42USC407(a). 1. Social Security benefits are based on a formula that essentially averages earnings over a worker s life. Unfortunately, women generally have lower wages and are also more likely than men to adjust their work lives to the demands of children, home, and older relatives needing care. As a result, women have more years of very low or no earnings, greatly reducing their potential Social Security benefits. The maximum monthly benefit for people first retiring at full retirement age (66) is $2,642 in 2014. Workers covered by Social Security (virtually all workers other than about 25 percent of state and local government employees (contribute 6.2 percent of their earnings (with an equal employer match) up to a maximum taxable ceiling $117,000 in 2014) into two trust funds: the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Disability Insurance Trust Fund, or what is more conveniently called the combined OASDI Trust Fund. Self-employed workers make contributions to those made by regular employees and their employers. To be what the Social Security Administration calls  fully or permanently insured, workers must have contributed to Social Security for forty  quarter of coverage . In 2014, one credit is given for contributions made on each $1,200 of earnings anytime in the calendar year, up to a maximum of four quarters or credits in any calendar year, up to a maximum of four quarters or credits in any calendar year. Because workers can become disabled or die at any time, workers under age 31 may become insured for those benefits with fewer than forty quarters ,as few as six quarters out of the last three years for the youngest workers. Disability insurance applicants must meet an additional requirement of recency of work usually twenty out of the last forty quarters, except that in the case of workers under age 31, it may be as little as six quarters out of the last three years. Monthly benefits vary according to such factors as type of benefit, prior contributions, age when benefits begin, and the number of people receiving benefits in a household. 2. Retirement, disability, survivor, spousal and widow(er), divorced, children s benefits  essentially all benefits  make use of the same benefit formula The benefit formula produces the primary insurance amount, which is best understood as the amount workers are eligible for if they claim benefits in the first month of their full retirement age, currently 66. For purpose of calculating disability and survivor benefits, the disability or death is assumed to be at age 66. To calculate benefits, a worker s career earnings are indexed to adjust for real wage growth, averaged to determine a monthly amount (the average indexed monthly earnings, or AIME) inserted in Social Security s progressive formula, and then adjusted, based on the age at which the worker first retires and other factors. The formula for 2014 is: The sum of: 90 percent of the first $816 of average indexed monthly earnings, plus 32 percent of average indexed monthly earnings over $816 and through $4,917, plus 15 percent of average indexed monthly earnings over $4,917. Workers who have earned higher salaries over their careers receive benefits that are larger in absolute dollars, but are smaller in proportionate terms, than those received by lower-paid workers. For workers retiring at the full retirement age of 66 years old in January 2014, Social Security benefits replaced about 26 percent of earnings for those with earnings consistently at the maximum taxable earnings ceiling ($117,000 in 2014), about 41 percent for average earners and about 55 percent for low-wage workers with earnings at 45 percent of median wage, just $26,965 in 2012. The right of any person to payment is not be transferable or assignable, at law or in equity, and none of the moneys paid or payable or rights existing under this chapter shall be subject to execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, or other legal process, or to the operation of any bankruptcy or insolvency law Sec. 207(a) of the Social Security Act under 42USC407(a). 107 Old Age and Survivor Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund A. The Old Age and Survivor Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund was begun with the original Social Security Act of 1935 as codified at Sec. 201 of Title II of the Social Security Act 42USC401. Retirement benefits require that a person be at least 62 years of age and earn less than $2,500 a month, and disability benefits require that a person be diagnosed with a physical or mental disability that prevents them from gainful employment. Under current law, the age at which workers become eligible for full retirement benefits known as the normal retirement age, or NRA varies, depending on the individual s year of birth. For workers born before 1938, the NRA is 65. For workers born in subsequent years, the eligibility age increases in two-month increments until it reaches 66 for workers born in 1943. For workers born between 1944 and 1954, the NRA remains at 66 but rises, again in two-month increments, until it reaches 67 for workers born in 1960 or later. Workers can still receive benefits at age 62, but the benefit they receive at that age will represent a smaller share of what they could have qualified for if they had waited until the normal retirement age to claim benefits in Sec. 202 of the Social Security Act under 42USC402. 1. Old-age benefits are computed on the basis of a wage earner's "average monthly wage" earned during his "benefit computation years" during which his covered wages were highest as explained in Califano v. Webster 430 US 313 (1977). One month after an insured person dies a sum of not less than $255 is made payable to the widow or widower of the deceased. Should the deceased have been eligible or receiving disability or old age insurance and the spouse was not eligible but dependent upon the deceased income the surviving spouse and children are eligible for 75% of normal benefits of the deceased. A sum of not less than $225 is made out to surviving spouse upon death. A married woman under 62 whose husband retires or becomes disabled is granted monthly benefits under the Act if she has a minor or other dependent child in her care in Mathews v. DeCastro 429 US 181 (1976). Although every state may set their own standards they may not have an older retirement age than 65. Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund 2000-2023 (billions) TotalTaxGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio2000490.5421.4011.657.5358.3352.72.13.5132.2931.02232001518.1441.5011.964.7377.5372.32.03.3140.61,0722472002539.7455.20.412.971.2393.7388.12.13.5146.01,2182722003543.8456.1012.575.2406.0399.82.63.6137.81,3553002004566.3472.8014.679.0421.0415.02.43.6145.31,5013222005604.3506.9-0.313.884.0441.9435.43.03.6162.41,6633402006642.2534.8015.691.8461.0454.53.03.5181.31,8443612007675.0560.9017.297.0495.7489.13.13.6179.32,0243722008695.5574.6015.6105.3516.2509.33.23.6179.32,2033922009698.2570.4019.9107.9564.3557.23.43.7133.92,33739010.37685.8558.0019.9107.9564.3557.23.43.7121.52,3253902010677.1544.82.022.1108.2584.9577.43.53.992.22,42940010.14653.5521.22.022.1108.2584.9577.43.53.968.62,3943982011698.8482.487.822.2106.5603.8596.23.54.195.02,5244029.70672.8544.1022.2106.5603.8596.23.54.169.02,4983962012731.1503.997.726.7102.8645.5637.93.44.185.62,6103919.60674.4544.9026.7102.8645.5637.93.44.128.92,5273872013743.8620.84.220.798.1679.5672.13.43.964.32,59138410.05711.6588.64.220.798.1679.5672.13.43.932.12,5593692014769.4646.20.428.094.8714.2706.83.14.355.22,72937410.1738.9615.70.428.094.8714.2706.83.14.324.72,5843582015801.6679.50.330.691.2750.5742.93.44.351.02,78036410.16773.4651.30.330.691.2750.5742.93.44.322.92,6073442016795.1676.40.131.687.0776.4768.63.54.318.72,7993582017839.8719.8036.283.8807.2799.53.34.432.52,8323442018873.6751.0039.283.5859.0850.93.34.714.62,8463302019963.1834.8043.185.2922.9914.63.54.840.22,88730810.46952.1823.7043.185.2922.9914.63.54.829.22,87530810.4947.4819.1043.185.2922.9914.63.54.824.52,87030810.3939.5811.2043.185.2922.9914.63.54.816.62,86330810.2931.6803.3043.185.2922.9914.63.54.88.72,85530820201,015879.6047.387.8987.8979.33.64.926.92,91429210.4998.1863.0047.387.8987.8979.33.64.910.32,88229010.3989.8854.7047.387.8987.8979.33.64.92.02,86529010.2981.5846.4047.387.8987.8979.33.64.9-6.32,84929020211,065923.2051.889.91,0531,0443.85.012.02,92527710.41,048905.8051.889.91,0531,0443.85.0-5.52,87727310.31,039897.1051.889.91,0531,0443.85.0-142,85127210.21,030888.4051.889.91,0531,0443.85.0-22.92,82627120221,116967.7056.491.91,1251,1163.95.2-9.02,91626010.71,125976.7056.491.91,1251,1163.95.202,92526010.51,106958.6056.491.91,1251,1163.95.2-192,9062.610.41,098949.4056.491.91,1251,1163.95.2-272,85025610.31,089940.3056.491.91,1251,1163.95.2-36.42,81525320231,1651,009061.394.01,2011,1924.05.3-36.42,88024310.31,136980.4061.394.01,2011,1924.05.3-65.32,815234DI1,136980.4061.394.01,2011,1924.05.3-65.32,672222Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund Pg. 41 & 157 B. 90% of retired people earn their income in part or totally from social security. In the USA the percentage of elders living in poverty is at an all time low, while the percentage who are rich has reached an all time high. A person will not be eligible for full retirement benefits for such a time they have a monthly income above $2,500.00 from employment, annuities, investments, and royalties in Sec. 203 of the Social Security Act under 42USC403 (f-D). Somewhere between 750,000 and 1 million seniors are now estimated to be millionaires, yet continue to receive government entitlements and senior discounts. In 1997 an estimated $48.1 billion in social Security benefits went to households with incomes between $50,000 and $100,000. Another $15.5 billion, almost exactly what the government spends on income support for all families on welfare, will be sent to households with incomes of more than $100,000. Older Americans 65 to 74 years old have a poverty level of only 9.2%, compared with the 10% working-age poverty, 15.4% overall poverty, 15.9% medical CPI adjusted elderly poverty line, and 22%-33% child poverty. OASI Beneficiaries with Benefits in Current-Payment Status 1945-2020 (thousands) YearWorkerSpouseChild Widow-erMother-father ChildParentTotal1945518159139412137761,288200028,5052,7984594,9012031,878338,747200530,4612,5244884,5691781,903240,126200630,9762,4764904,4941711,899240,508200731,5282,4314944,4361651,892240,947200832,2742,3705254,3801601,915241,625200933,5142,3435614,3271601,921242,828201034,5932,3165804,2851591,913243,847201135,6002,2915944,2391581,907244,791201236,7202,2806124,1931541,907145,868201337,8932,2856254,1391501,899146,992201439,0092,3036354,0921431,892148,075201540,0892,3356484,0501401,893149,155201641,2332,3706614,0041331,893150,296201742,6332,4006793,9731291,900151,716202047,5662,3367453,8991221,921156,590Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance. 2017 1. The short-range model develops the number of retired-worker beneficiaries by applying award rates to the aged fully insured population, excluding those already receiving retired-worker, disabled-worker, aged-widow(er) s, or aged-spouse s benefits, and by applying termination rates to the number of retired-worker beneficiaries. For age 62, the model projects this percentage by using a linear regression based on the historical relation- ship between this percentage, the labor force participation rate at age 62, and the number of months from age 62 to normal retirement age. The percentage for ages 70 and over is nearly 100 because delayed retirement credits cannot be earned after age 70. Benefits of aged-spouse beneficiaries depend on the earnings records of their husbands or wives, who are referred to as  earners. Due to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, spouses who are insured will no longer be eligible to delay their retired-worker benefit while receiving an aged-spouse benefit. The model applies the same factors to the number of divorced persons aged 60 and over in the population and includes additional factors representing the probability that the person s former earner spouse has died and that the marriage lasted at least 10 years. The projected numbers of children under age 18, and students aged 18 and 19, who are eligible for benefits as children of retired-worker beneficiaries. The long-range model projects the number of disabled-child-survivor beneficiaries in a manner similar to that for student-child-survivor beneficiaries, except for including an additional factor to reflect the probability of being disabled before age 22. The short-range model projects fully insured aged-widow(er) beneficiaries in conjunction with the retired-worker beneficiaries. The long- range model estimates the numbers of mother-survivor and father-survivor beneficiaries, assuming they are not remarried, from the number of child-survivor beneficiaries. the number of parent-survivor beneficiaries based on the historical pattern of the number of such beneficiaries. Death Rate Per 100,000, by Age 1940-2020 TotalUnder 6565 and Over19401,919.8750.19,718.819501,561.9570.28,173.719601,454.3503.27,795.419701,340.0485.78,036.319801,136.9384.36,154.319901,021.3333.65,606.32000960.7281.05,492.32010821.3248.54,640.12015781.4239.84,392.32016780.9239.64,389.22017780.4239.44,386.12018779.9239.24,383.02019779.3239.14,380.02020778.8238.94,376.9Source: 2016 Annual Report of the OASDI Trust Funds. June 22, 2016. Table V.A1 Pgs. 87-88 C. In 2017 the average death rate for all ages was 780.4 per 100,000. For those under 65 the average rate of death was 239.4 per 100,000. For those over 65 the average rate of death was 4,386.1. The average on the job death rate for all careers studied by Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) is about 3 deaths per 100,000. In peacetime there have been years where the entire 2.8 million soldier US military does not report a single casualty  50-100 crunches, 50-100 push-ups and 3 mile run. The only career more dangerous than logging is retiree. OSHA reports that logging has the highest death rate of any career at a rate of about 100 per 100,000 per year, since the Mining Safety and Health Act of 1977 reduced the rate of mining accidents to less than 20 per 100,000 labor years. According to the Actuary the total age-sex-adjusted death rate declined at an average annual rate of 1.05 percent between 1900 and 2013. Between 1979 and 2013, the period for which death rates were analyzed by cause, the total age-sex-adjusted death rate, for all causes combined, declined at an average rate of 0.93 percent per year. Death rates have declined substantially in the U.S. since 1900, with rapid declines over some periods and slow or no improvement over other periods. Historical death rates generally declined more slowly for older ages and more rapidly for children and infants than for the rest of the population. Between 1900 and 2013, the age-sex-adjusted death rate for ages 65 and over declined at an average rate of 0.78 percent per year, while declining at an average rate of 3.08 percent per year for ages under 15. According to Child Trends Databank death rates for children have fallen dramatically since 1980. Deaths rates for infants under 1 year fell from 1,288 to 588 per 100,000 between 1980 and 2014. Between 1980 and 2014 the death rate of children ages 1 to 4 dropped from 64 to 24 per 100,000. Between 1980 and 2014 the death rate of children ages five to 14 went down from 31 to 13 per 100,000. Between 1980 and 2014 the death rate for teens between the ages of 15 and 19 went down from 98 to 46 per 100,000. Risk of dying increases for high school students mostly because of driving accidents. Males between the ages of 15 and 19 are twice as likely to die as females 63 versus 29 deaths per 100,000 in 2014. The death rate for disability beneficiaries is estimated to be about 10 per 100,000, more than three times higher than the national average of 3 per 100,000. 1. Nursing homes need to leave their residents with more than $30 a month. The custom of taking of all but $30 from residents while in the long-term care of a hospital or nursing facility needs to be abolished. It would seem that nursing home patients are due 30% of their benefits and nursing home 70%; the residents are home under Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidelines. To raise the patient's share in nursing homes to the greater of $300 or 30% of benefits, by Treasury under 24USC14a or fee under 24USC414. 108 Disability Insurance (DI) Trust Fund A. The Disability Trust Fund was established on August 1, 1956 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the 1956 Amendments to Sec. 201 of the Social Security Act under 42USC401 that set forth a 0.250% tax on the income of employees and employers, 0.500% combined and 0.350% tax on self-employed workers in 1957-58 to the current high of 2.37% DI tax on self-employed workers and the exactly half 1.185% tax on employers and employees from 2016-2018 under the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015. 50/50 equality in taxation between the combined cost of employees and employers and self-employed workers was achieved in 1984. The term ''disability'' means the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months as set forth by Sec. 223 of the Social Security Act under 42USC423. Disability Insurance Damage Estimates 2000-2022 (billions) TotalTaxGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio200077.971.1-0.80.76.956.855.01.60.221.1118.5171200183.974.900.88.261.459.61.7022.5141.0193200287.477.300.99.267.965.72.00.219.5160.5208200388.177.400.99.773.170.92.00.215.0175.4219200491.480.301.110.080.678.22.20.210.8186.2218200597.486.101.110.388.085.42.30.39.4195.62122006102.690.801.210.694.591.72.30.48.2203.82072007109.995.201.413.298.895.92.50.411.1214.92062008109.897.601.311.0109.0106.02.50.40.9215.81972009109.396.902.010.5121.5118.32.70.4-12.2203.51782.03121.5109.002.010.5121.5118.32.70.40.0215.81672010104.092.50.41.99.3127.7124.23.00.5-23.6179.91592.26127.7116.10.41.99.3127.7124.23.00.50215.81692011106.381.914.91.67.9132.3128.92.90.5-26.1153.91362.70132.3122.801.67.9132.3128.92.90.50215.81632012109.185.616.50.66.4140.3136.92.90.5-31.2122.71102.80140.3133.300.66.4140.3136.92.90.50215.81542013111.2105.40.70.44.7143.4140.12.80.6-32.290.4862.35143.4137.60.70.44.7143.4140.12.80.60215.81512014114.9109.70.11.73.4145.1141.72.90.4-30.260.2622.3145.1139.90.11.73.4145.1141.72.90.40215.81492015118.6115.401.12.1146.6143.42.80.4-28.032.3412.24146.6143.401.12.1146.6143.42.80.40215.81472016162.4159.801.21.4145.9142.82.80.416.548.8222017174.0170.102.01.9148.0144.63.10.226.074.8332018182.6177.402.13.0152.5149.52.90.130.1104.8472019147.7141.802.33.6158.7155.63.00.1-1193.9661.94158.7152.802.33.6158.7155.63.00.10104.9662.0163.5157.602.33.6158.7155.63.00.14.8109.7662.1171.3165.402.33.6163.4160.33.00.17.9112.8642.2179.2173.302.33.6163.4160.33.00.115.8120.7642020155.2149.402.53.3164.7161.23.40.1-9.584.4571.91164.7158.902.53.3164.7161.23.40.10104.9642.0171.8165.602.53.3164.7161.23.40.17.1116.8672.1180.1174.302.63.3170.4166.93.30.29.7122.5662.2188.4182.602.63.3170.4166.93.30.218138.7712021162.5156.802.73.0171.3167.53.70.1-8.875.6491.90171.3165.602.73.0171.3167.53.70.10104.9612.0179.9174.202.73.0177.6173.93.50.22.3119.1622.1188.6182.902.73.0177.6173.93.50.211.0133.5692.2197.3191.602.73.0177.6173.93.50.219.7158.4782022169.8164.302.92.6178.7174.63.90.1-8.966.8332.0197.2182.602.911.7185.4181.43.90.111.8383.12002.1197.2191.702.92.6178.7174.63.90.118.515275Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund. pg. 45 & 158 as corrected 2016, 19 & 20 1. The Board of Trustees must learn to do the necessary OASDI tax rate calculus. It is not an excuse that the Baby Boomers have retired. The accounting deficiency is estimated to have caused $183.5 billion in avoidable damage to the Disability Insurance Trust Fund 2009-2015. To calculate total damages a 2.5% rate of interest needs to be sustained for seven years for a total of $224.4 billion in order to  replicate to the extent possible revenue that would have been received if the combined employee/employer payroll tax rates had been properly adjusted to allow a 2.5% asset accumulation limit. The 2.37% DI tax rate of 2016-2018 has allowed the trust fund assets to recover from a low of $32.3 billion in 2015 to $104.8 billion year end 2018, not $102.4 billion educated guesstimate. The amount of asset reserves at of end of year are wrong from 2016. The tables must be made right. The Board of Trustees must not allow the DI tax rate to relapse to the 1.8% rate. For all social security beneficiaries to receive a 2.7% or 3% COLA (2018) the DI trust fund needs to afford the high cost benefit schedule scenario while the 1.1 million OASI retirees are probably habitually overestimated. To sustain the DI trust fund (a) 2.0% DI tax rate in 2019 and $224.4 billion for zero dollars damage by the Baby Boomers 2009-2015 or (2) a 2.1% DI tax rate 2019. 2. When covered workers become severely disabled, they may be eligible, after a five-month waiting period, to receive monthly Disability Insurance (DI) benefits. After an additional twenty-four months, disabled workers (as well as disabled widow(er)s age 50 through 64) and disabled adult children (of retired, disabled, or deceased workers) are eligible for all Medicare benefits. The disability criteria are strict. Disability determination is the system whereby the disbursement of government and private disability insurance is certified in accordance with Sec. 221 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)II421 and the regulations of the Commission of Social Security. Plan administrators may not arbitrarily refuse to credit a claimant's reliable evidence, including the opinions of a treating physician. Under 20CFR404.1527(d)(2) in determining whether a claimant is entitled to Social Security disability benefits, special weight is accorded opinions of the claimant's treating physician that state that the physical or mental illness or injury is so debilitating that the person can no longer perform their gainful employment. Travel, medical and court expenses shall be paid by the Commissioner of Social Security for making the determination of disability under Sec. 202 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)II402(j). 3. An individual shall not be considered to be under a disability unless he furnishes such medical and other evidence of the existence thereof as the Commissioner of Social Security may require. An individual's statement as to pain or other symptoms shall not alone be conclusive evidence of disability as defined in this section; there must be medical signs and findings, established by medically acceptable clinical or laboratory diagnostic techniques, which show the existence of a medical impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which could reasonably be expected to produce then pain, poverty or other symptoms alleged. Every individual who - (A) is insured for disability insurance benefits (B) has not attained retirement age of 62 (C) has filed application for disability insurance benefits, and (D) is under a disability shall be entitled to a disability insurance benefit beginning with the first month during all of which he is under a disability and in which he becomes so entitled to such insurance benefits that shall not terminate until the third month after such physical or mental disability is determined to have ceased and a period of trial work yielding substantial gains bringing the person above the determined poverty line has been completed. Number and Average Benefit of DI Beneficiaries by Diagnosis Dec. 2009 Diagnostic GroupNumber of BeneficiariesPercent of TotalAverage BenefitTotal7,788,013100$1,014.30Congenital Anomalies13,6140.3793.40Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases278,5653.31,010.20Infectious and parasitic diseases119,7531.41,033.50Injuries330,7083.91,079.90Mental disordersRetardation358,7378.9668.00Mental Illness2,220,39027.5940.10Neoplasms237,5892.71,210.90Diseases of the Blood and blood-forming organs19,9770.3942.60Circulatory system683,8347.91,187.70Digestive system125,7251.51,114.40Genitourinary system132,7971.51,109.30Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue2,146,95224.91,121.20Nervous system and sense organs734,4969.41,053.70Respiratory system227,3852.71,087.90Skin and subcutaneous tissue18,7130.21,020.80Other18,0300.21,097.50Unknown120,7483.2853.10Source: Table 6: distribution by sex and diagnostic group and Table 7 Average Monthly Benefit Amount. Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program December 2009 B. Of the 7.78 million disabled workers earning DI benefits 4.1 million were men earning an average of $1,189 a month and 3.69 million were women earning an average benefit of $925 in 2009. Sexual discrimination is clearly indicated in the DI program - men make $4.87 billion while women make $3.4 billion a month. There is ample evidence to indicate both sexual discrimination and discrimination on the basis of diagnosis exist in the DI program. Racial discrimination is so pervasive in the disability and SSI programs that Social Security does not have any reliable statistics. 27.5 percent of DI benefits go for the mental illness diagnostic group followed closely by musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases comprising 24.9 percent of beneficiaries. Those with musculoskeletal diseases earned significantly more on average $1,121.20 than those with a diagnosis of mental illness $940.10. Cancer was the highest earning diagnostic group with an average benefit of $1,210.90 a month. Of those who worked the least before becoming disabled and unable to work, those with congenital abnormalities earned an average of $793.40 and those who were mentally retarded who earned the equivalent of SSI $668.00 in December 2009. The monthly substantial gainful amount (SGA) amount for statutorily blind individuals for 2017 is $1950. For non-blind individuals, the monthly SGA amount for 2017 is $1170. 1. The federal government reimburses the states 50% of their expenditures for Aid to the blind under Sec. 1003 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)X1203. Aid to the blind means the provision of money to need blind individuals. A single State agency shall supervise the administration of the aid to the blind and grant an opportunity for a fair hearing before the State agency to any individual whose claim for aid to the blind is denied. The State shall take into consideration any other income and resources of the individual claiming aid to the blind, as well as any expenses reasonably attributable to the earning of any such income. State agencies shall administrate aid to the Permanently and totally disabled to guarantee the recipients are granted steady benefits and are not subject to any prohibited residency requirement Sec. 1402(b) of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XIV1352. The National Federation for the Blind reports that the number of non-institutionalized, male or female, all ages and all races in the United States reported to have a visual disability - to be legally blind - in 2014 was 8,538,100. About 665,200 were juveniles and 3 million were over the age of 65. Of the adults 1,492,700 (17. 6%) were employed, 988,200 full-time and 212,300 unemployed and actively looking for employment. The annual earnings and poverty status of non-institutionalized persons aged 21-64 years with a visual disability in the United States in 2014, median annual earnings were $35,800, median annual household income was $37,500. The number living below the poverty line was 1,124,200 (12.9%). In 2014 662,000 (7.7%) blind adults received SSI. The monthly substantial gainful amount (SGA) amount for statutorily blind individuals for 2017 is $1950. For non-blind individuals, the monthly SGA amount for 2017 is $1170. C. An individual shall be determined to be under a disability only if his physical or mental impairment or impairments are of such severity that he is not only unable to do his previous work but cannot, considering his age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy. Every individual who - (A) is insured for disability insurance benefits (B) has not attained retirement age of 62 (C) has filed application for disability insurance benefits, and (D) is under a disability shall be entitled to a disability insurance benefit beginning with the first month during all of which he is under a disability and in which he becomes so entitled to such insurance benefits that shall not terminate until the third month after such physical or mental disability is determined to have ceased and a period of trial work yielding substantial gains bringing the person above the determined poverty line for 9 months has completed Sec. 222 of the Social Security Act under 42USC422. In determining whether an individual is able to engage in substantial gainful activity by reason of his earnings, where his disability is sufficiently severe to result in a functional limitation requiring assistance in order for him to work, there shall be excluded from such earnings an amount equal to the cost to such individual of any attendant care services, medical devices, equipment, prostheses, and similar items and services. A person s disability insurance eligibility status shall not be revoked until such a time when work earnings exceed, for 9 months, the level of earnings established as  substantial gainful activity under Sec. 222 of the Social Security Act under 42USC422, $900 in 2007, $1170 in 2017. DI Beneficiaries with Benefits in Current-Payment Status 1960-2020 (thousands) YearDisabled worker beneficiariesSpouseChildTotal19604557715568720005,0391651,4666,66720056,5191571,6338,30920066,8071561,6528,61520077,0991541,6658,91820087,4271551,6929,27320097,7881591,7499,69520108,2041611,82010,18520118,5761641,87410,61420128,8271631,90010,89020138,9411571,88910,98720148,9551501,82810,93220158,9091361,66710,61220178,8051321,64810,58520208,9261271,64710,700Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund. 1. Gross disability prevalence rates declined relative to the age-sex- adjusted rate when the baby-boom generation reached working age between 1970 and 1990; this trend reflects the lower disability prevalence rates associated with younger ages. Conversely, the gross rate of disability prevalence has increased relative to the age-sex-adjusted rate after 1990 due to the aging of the baby-boom generation into ages with higher disability prevalence rates. Under the intermediate assumptions, the projected age-sex-adjusted disability prevalence rate grows from 43.4 per thousand disability insured at the end of 2016 to 49.9 per thousand at the end of 2095. For 2016, the actual incidence rate of disability (4.2 per thousand) was substantially below the level projected in the 2016 report (5.1 per thousand). In the 2017 report, incidence rates are assumed to rise more gradually toward the ultimate level (5.4 per thousand) during the short-range period than in last year s report. Beneficiaries stop receiving disability benefits when they die, recover from their medically-determinable disabling condition, or return to work. Disabled-worker beneficiaries who return to substantial work for an extended period are deemed to have recovered, and their benefits are then terminated. The termination rate is the ratio of the number of terminations for these reasons to the average number of disabled-worker beneficiaries during the year. In the short-range period (through 2026), the projected age-sex-adjusted death rate (adjusted to the 2000 disabled-worker population) under the intermediate assumptions gradually declines from 253 deaths per 100,000 beneficiaries for 2016 to about 229 per 100,000 for 2026. 3 deaths per 100,000 is the national average for all employment. The projected age-sex-adjusted recovery rate (medical improvement and return to work) under the intermediate assumptions evolves from a level of 155 per 100,000 beneficiaries for 2016 to 109 per 100,000 beneficiaries for 2026. In 2016 there were estimated to have been 253 deaths per 100,000 and 155 per 100,000 recoveries for a total of 408 terminations per 100,000 DI beneficiaries. After allowing for beneficiaries suddenly diagnosed with a terminal illness who swiftly die, the age adjusted death rate for long-term disability beneficiaries is estimated to be about 10 per 100,000, more than three times higher than the national average of 3 per 100,000, on-average safer than under-age 19. Auxiliary beneficiaries are qualifying spouses and children of disabled workers. A spouse must either be at least age 62 or have an eligible child beneficiary in his or her care who is either under age 16 or disabled prior to age 22. A child must be: (1) under age 18, (2) age 18 or 19 and still a student in high school, or (3) age 18 or older and disabled prior to age 22. The projection of the number of auxiliary beneficiaries relies on the projected number of disabled-worker beneficiaries. 109 Supplemental Security Income A. The SSI program is a means-tested transfer program administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). SSI is authorized by Title XVI of the Social Security Act. Established in 1972 as part of Public Law 92-603, SSI began providing monthly cash payments in 1974 according to uniform, nationwide eligibility requirements to the needs aged (65years of age or older), blind, and disabled. Most states also provide supplements to federal SSI benefits. In 1972, Congress enacted the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program to assist "individuals who have attained age 65 or are blind or disabled" by setting a guaranteed minimum income level for such persons. SSI is paid for by the General Fund. The program went into effect January 1, 1974. The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is the program whereby the Commissioner of Social Security ensures that all aged, blind and disabled individuals who are determined to be eligible on the basis of their income and resources are paid benefits under Sec. 1611 42USC(7)XVI-A1382. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a general assistance program with the same concept of qualifying disability as disability insurance (DI) but requiring an extremely low income and not requiring the beneficiary to have made any contributions. People without a qualifying disability who have made no contributions their entire life automatically qualify for SSI at age 65. In determining a person s income the intention is to assure immediate compensation to the poorest. In determining a person s resources it is important to count only the cash value of secure claims such as stock or insurance claims as the sale of household goods is too unpredictable to make a determination as to a person s continued insolvency. Payments deferred while selecting a representative shall be entitled to lump sum payment of back benefits Sec. 1631 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1383. SSI COLA, Rates, Beneficiaries, Payments, Administrative Costs 1974-2017 YearCOLABenefit Rate Total Beneficiary (thousand)Federal Payments (millions)Admin. Costs (millions)Total Cost (millions)19744.3%$146.003,9963,8333,833198014.3%$238.004,1425,9236686,59119904.7%$386.004,81712,9431,07514,01820002.5%$513.006,60228,7782,32131,09920013.5%$531.006,68830,5322,39732,92920022.6%$545.006,78831,6162,52234,13820031.4%$552.006,90232,9412,65635,59720042.1%$564.006,98834,2022,80637,00820052.7%$579.007,11435,9952,79538,79020064.1%$603.007,23637,7752,91640,69120073.3%$623.007,36039,5142,85742,37120082.3%$637.007,52142,0402,82044,86020095.8%$674.007,67745,9043,31649,22020100.0%$674.007,91247,7673,62951,39620110.0%$674.007,86649,0383,93152,96920123.6%$698.008,04051,7033,88155,58420131.5%$710.008,14453,4023,78957,19120141.7%$721.008,16254,1533,99058,14320151.5%$733.008,19054,8274,77859,86920160.0%$733.008,21354,9714,89759,86820170.3%$735.008,22155,5205,02060,54020182.7%$755.008,30357,7205,14662,8662.7%$755.0025,928217,4005,146222,54620193.0%$777.008,38660,0295,27565,304 3.0%$777.0026,197226,1005,275231,37520203.0%$800.008,47062,4305,40767,8373.0%$800.0026,457235,1005,407240,507Source: 2016 Annual Report of the SSI Program 1. The SSI program provides a nationally uniform maximum benefit, known as the federal benefit rate, which is adjusted annually for inflation. The maximum monthly federal SSI benefit was $735 for an individual and $1,103 for a couple in 2017. After three years without COLA 2009-2011 making $674 a month, everyone is praying that SSI beneficiaries receive exactly $777 CY 19, after a 2.7% inflation awareness year CY 18 whether or not the rich are taxed, whereafter low-income by law beneficiaries would receive exactly 3% COLA to stay ahead of 2.7% average annual consumer price index inflation. Because SSI growth projections are abysmally low, after the low-growth fact in progress, the untaxed estimates for 2017-2020 have been re-estimated at 4% benefit spending growth, 1% population growth and 2.5% administrative spending growth. Administrative spending is hoped to remain the same whether or not the tax passes and more than 17 million full $755 a month child SSI benefits are administrated. Estimating the number of beneficiaries after the tax is tricky because there are slightly more ISMs driving down benefits than couples increasing them. First, subtract the total cost of benefits from the benefits to spent by the SSI share of the 12.4% OASDI tax on all income for 2018-2020 to determine total new revenues to be spent. Second divide total new spending by the full average yearly benefit (monthly benefit times 12), with all zeroes, whereas one child benefit for low income families equals the full-price of $755 (2018). Third, enter the sum of the new beneficiaries plus the scheduled beneficiaries. SSI is intended to be a resource of last resort. Accordingly, payments are reduced if an individual or a couple has earnings or other income and depend as well on a person's living arrangements. The resource test for federal SSI benefits requires SSI beneficiaries to have maximum resources (assets) of $2,000 for an individual or $3,000 for a couple in 1999. The average benefit amount was $568 in 2017. In about half of the states, the federal SSI benefit is augmented by a state supplemental payment. SSI beneficiaries are also immediately eligible for Medicaid in most states and, if they live independently, for food stamps. SSI recipients who live alone have high rates of poverty, with nearly 80% having household income below the poverty threshold, 30% of individuals receiving SSI benefits lived in the same household with at least one other SSI recipient. Federally Administered SSI Population 1974-2020 (thousand) YearApplicationsNew RecipientsDeathsOther TerminationsAll TerminationsCurrent Payment19745,7524,3981922104023,63519751,4689312124016133,89320001,6337482054987036,32020052,1108542045247286,81920062,0758492055227276,93920072,0918442075137207,06120082,1959302065637697,21920092,5061,0062106398497,42320102,5671,0552046158207,65620112,5531,0422076348417,86620122,4389732126118238,04020132,2149182156028178,14420142,0398122186228408,16220152,0248002246028268,14220161,9358042175838008,14720171,9658282176288458,12820182,0141,1392166228388,30331,62021,2556751,9422,61725,92820192,2651,0802156018168,3864,3402,8936981,9262,62426,19720202,0761,1192156018168,4704,2242,8166931,8632,55626,457Source: 2016 Annual Report of the Supplemental Security Income Program 2. Working from right to left. First, recalculate total scheduled beneficiaries for 1% growth and increase total new recipients commensurately. Second, plug in the total new number of beneficiaries. Third, estimate total terminations. Terminations due to death are estimated to remain proportional although the higher rates of death exhibited by children are probably less than the current SSI rate of death weighted by a great number of people who die receiving SSI benefits due to a terminal diagnosis. The ratio of terminations due to other causes, specifically earning substantial gainful income and turning 18, is also thought to remain the same. Fourth, if the rich are taxed it is estimated that the number of new approved beneficiaries would increase by the amount of the total new number of beneficiaries, minus previous year's beneficiaries, plus scheduled new recipients, plus total terminations. Despite the simplicity of the new online form, because poverty estimates for children are between 22%-33% it is crudely estimated that there would be 150% as many applications than would be approved, because the United States continues to prioritize the poorest children and has a budget. 3. The prevalence rate for all Federal SSI recipients declined from 1975 through the early 1980s. In 1983, this percentage started increasing and continued to increase through 1996. The number of SSI recipients receiving Federal payments increased rapidly in the early 1990s due to the growth in the numbers of disabled adults and children. The growth in the numbers of children receiving SSI resulted in large part from the Supreme Court decision in the case of Sullivan v. Zebley, 110 S. Ct. 885 (1990), which greatly expanded the criteria used for determining disability for children. The implementation of Public Law 104-121 and Public Law 104-193 resulted in a decline in the Federal recipient population from 1996 to 1997. From the end of 1997 through the end of 2000, the Federal SSI recipient population grew at an annual rate of less than 1 percent. From the end of 2000 to the end of 2008, the Federal SSI recipient population grew an average of 1.7 percent per year. From the end of 2008 to the end of 2012, the Federal recipient population grew an average of 2.7 percent per year due largely to the economic recession and the slow recovery from that economic downturn. In 2013, the Federal SSI recipient growth slowed to 1.3 percent, with much smaller growth in 2014. The Federal SSI recipient population decreased slightly in 2015, by roughly 0.2 percent relative to 2014. In 2014, there were approximately 7 million adult SSI recipients in the disability and old-age programs. SSA determined that roughly one quarter of all beneficiaries  1.85 million could not manage their own benefits and appointed others to manage their funds. SSI Recipients with Federal Payments in Current-Payment Status 1974-2020 (thousand) Year0-1718-3435-4950-6465-7475 +Blind or disabled AgedAll 197470338321756109131,6062,0293,6351975106395352838164141,8692,0253,89320008449941,3031,3134841965,1341,1866,32020051,0341,0651,3471,5235222155,7061,1136,81920061,0761,0951,3341,5755292205,8301,1096,93920071,1191,1241,3161,6345402285,9601,1017,06120081,1511,1731,3061,7045502346,1191,1007,21920091,1981,2291,3021,7935592416,3221,1017,42320101,2381,2941,3071,9005662516,5571,0997,65620111,2761,3451,3052,0025772606,7651,1017,86620121,3111,3811,2872,0896082786,9551,0858,04020131,3211,4001,2632,1616242877,0561,0878,14420141,2991,3981,2262,2066432967,068 1,0948,16220151,2661,3861,1912,2346613037,0411,1018,14220161,2691,3911,1722,2106863097,0381,1098,14720171,2541,3961,1642,1717113167,0111,1178,12820181,3821,4021,1602,1217393227,0001,1268,30317,2451,8251,5132,90696842823,4891,39625,92820191,4771,4181,1672,0807753287,0341,1408,38617,4181,8431,5282,93597843223,7241,41026,19720201,5281,4291,1742,0408113347,0571,1548,21117,5921,8611,5432,96498743623,9601,42326,457Source: 2016 Annual Report of the SSI Program. Totals are higher than the sum of cohorts. 4. Enter the total number of estimated beneficiaries for the taxed and untaxed in the total column in the far right. There are more children and total beneficiaries in the 2018 untaxed estimate than the 2016 Annual Report due to 1% growth expectation rather than -0.0025%. In the first year of operation 90%, of the new benefits would go to the families of 15.9 million new child beneficiaries. The remaining 10% of new benefits 1,762,500 new benefits would be distributed to the five categories of adults. Shares can be estimated as a proportion of 5,744,000 adult beneficiaries, (24%) 18-34, (20%) 35-49, (37%) 50-64, (13%) 65-74, (6%) 75 + of 1,762,500 new benefits. 2019-2020 population growth for all categories is estimated at 1%. C. SSI needs to simplify its application and publish an online SSI application form. There are several inefficiencies with the current SSI application form that cause administrative cost growth in excess of 7%. These inefficiencies must be eliminated in the case of in-kind support and maintenance (ISM) rules and made optional in case of a medical diagnosis of permanent disability. SSI income verification is done by a person s social security number under 26USC6103(7)(D)(iii) of the Internal Revenue Code. SSA has access to the income information and only requires the law to provide confidential information to state agencies who administer certain other welfare programs under Sec. 1137 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1320b-7. The asset limit of $2,000 probably needs to be overruled in theory, in practice there are many extremely poor people who need to be prioritized for benefits. In-kind support (ISM) of private benefactors needs better protection, whereas living with other people is completely competitive with the respected, untaxed, career of homelessness. Charitable givers require better protection from unfair judgment upon free food and housing because social security refuses to enable their beneficiaries to pay their private benefactors market price. Social Security does tend to pay if a person moves. ISM is a socially disruptive crime against charitable giving and family cohabitation. Homeless people don't report any ISM. If receiving free room and board it is probably better to file as a homeless person from a PO box or representative address. 1. The Act defines two kinds of income earned and unearned. Earned income is wages, net earnings from self-employment, remuneration for work in a sheltered workshop, royalties on published work, and honoraria for services. All other income is unearned, including, for example, Social Security benefits, pensions, and unemployment compensation. The distinction between earned and unearned income is significant because different exclusions apply to each type of income. In the SSI program, food or shelter-related items an individual receives as a type of unearned income are called in-kind support and maintenance (ISM). The value of ISM is estimated by using either the Value of the One-third Reduction (VTR) rule or the Presumed Maximum Value (PMV) rule. The VTR applies when a recipient lives throughout a month in another person s household and receives both food and shelter from others living in the household. The VTR is equal to one-third of the Federal benefit rate (FBR) and this reduction is not rebuttable, even if the individual can show that the actual value is less. In all other cases where a recipient receives ISM, the VTR rule does not apply, and we calculate the value of ISM under the PMV rule. The PMV is the maximum amount we can count as income and is equal to one- third of the FBR plus $20. Unlike the VTR, the PMV is rebuttable. If an individual can show that the actual value of the food or shelter received is less than the full PMV, then social security counts the actual value of the food or shelter received as unearned income. 2. Generally, if the item received is not food or shelter or cannot be used to obtain food or shelter, it will not be considered as income. For example, if someone pays an individual s medical bills or offers free medical care, or if the individual receives money from a social services agency that is a repayment of an amount he or she previously spent, that value is not considered income to the individual. In addition, some items that are considered to be income are excluded when determining the amount of an individual s benefit. The principal earned income exclusions are: The first $65 per month plus one-half of the remainder; Impairment-related work expenses of the disabled and work expenses of the blind. Income set aside or being used to pursue a plan to achieve self-support (PASS) by a disabled or blind individual. The first $30 of infrequent or irregularly received income in a quarter. The principal unearned income exclusions are: The first $20 per month. Income set aside or being used to pursue a PASS by a disabled or blind individual. State or locally funded assistance based on need. Rent subsidies under the Department of Housing and Urban Development programs. The value of supplemental nutrition assistance. The first $60 of infrequent or irregularly received income in a quarter. 3. The statute states that eligibility is restricted to individuals who have countable resources, determined monthly, that do not exceed $2,000 ($3,000 for a couple). Although the statute does not define  resources, it lists those items that are not considered resources. Our regulations define a resource to be a liquid asset, such as cash, or any real or personal property that individuals, spouses of individuals, or parents of a child under the age of 18 own and could convert to cash for their support and maintenance, but there are numerous and complex exceptions to this general rule. If an applicant disposes of resources at less than fair market value within the 36-month period prior to his or her application for SSI or at any time thereafter, he or she may be penalized. The penalty is a loss of SSI benefits for a number of months (up to a 36-month maximum). The penalty does not apply if the applicant can show that the resources were disposed of exclusively for a purpose other than establishing SSI eligibility. The principal resource exclusions are: The home and land appertaining to it, regardless of value. Life insurance policies whose total face value does not exceed $1,500. Burial funds not in excess of $1,500 each for an individual and spouse (plus accrued interest). Household goods, if needed for maintenance, use and occupancy of the home; Personal effects. An automobile, if used to provide necessary transportation. Property essential to self-support. 4. State and local governments rather than the Federal Government traditionally have taken the financial responsibility for residents of their public institutions. Residents of public institutions for a full calendar month are generally ineligible for SSI unless one of the following exceptions applies: The public institution is a medical treatment facility and Medicaid pays more than 50 percent of the cost of care, or in the case of a child under age 18. Medicaid or private health insurance pays more than 50 percent of the cost of care in these situations, the SSI payment is limited to $30. The public institution is a publicly-operated community residence that serves no more than 16 residents. The public institution is an emergency shelter for the homeless in these situations payments are limited to no more than 6 months in any 9-month period. The recipient was eligible under section 1619(a) or (b) for the month preceding the first full month in the public institution and permitted by the institution to retain any benefits in this situation, payments are limited to 2 months. A physician certifies that the recipient s stay in a medical treatment facility is likely not to exceed 3 months, and SSA determines that continued SSI eligibility is necessary to maintain and provide for the expenses of the home to which the individual will return. In this situation, the recipient may continue to receive the full benefit for any of the first 3 full months of medical confinement if he or she meets all other conditions for payment. When individuals enter medical treatment facilities in which Medicaid pays more than half of the bill, the law generally requires SSA to reduce their monthly Federal benefit rate to $30 beginning with the first full calendar month they are in the facility. In the case of an individual under age 18, the $30 payment amount is also applicable if private insurance or a combination of Medicaid and private insurance pays more than half the bill. In these cases, the SSI program provides up to $30 a month for small comfort items not provided by the facility. Health insurance ISM must stop economically depressing patients. The patient's share in nursing homes needs to be raised to the greater of $300 or 30% of benefits, by Treasury under 24USC14a. It is the nursing home patient's home that is experimentally for sale to Medicaid and Medicare for the unbreakable 30% of income housing guideline - the greater of $300 or 30% of social security benefits to the resident after nursing home fee under 24USC414. SSI Trust Fund Creation FY 18  FY 22 (billions) YearSSI Tax Rate Total RevenuesTax RevenuesGF ReimbursementTax on BenefitsNet interest (3.0) TotalScheduled BenefitsAdministrative CostsR&R InterchangeNet increase end of yearAssets at end of YerTrust fund Ratio18 2.87279.4279.4000221.8217.44.4058.058.0019 2.86294.7293.0001.7230.6226.14.5064.1122.12520 2.65289.3285.6003.7239.7235.14.6049.6171.75121 2.60299.8294.6005.2249.3244.54.8050.5222.06922 2.35285.7279.0006.7259.2254.34.9026.5248.586Source: HA, 2016 Annul Report of the Supplemental Security Income Program D. The Annual Report on the SSI Trust Fund will have to adopt the generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) of the OASDI Trust Funds and learn to live as a family in a combined  Annual Report of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance (OASDI) Trust Fund, Federal Disability Insurance (DI) Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund . The SSI program reflects the national commitment to insuring the population against poverty. Poverty must be the priority of any government. The SSI program needs to expand to redress the relatively high levels of poverty for an industrialized nation, particularly child poverty, in the United States. Although 7.1% administrative costs are high by comparison with OASDI, SSI is much more administratively efficient than Temporary Assistance For Needy Families (TANF) that began with 73.1% of revenues spent on benefits when it was enacted but now seems to pay less than 30% on benefits and is unaccountable for any of it. SSI provides poor families with children 18 years of coverage, instead of 5. SSI administrative costs for 16-24 million poor children can be dramatically reduced by eliminating the ISM and disability requirements. All that needs to be done to shore up the social security trust funds is to create an SSI Trust Fund and tax the rich to end poverty by 2020. The tax would expand the SSI program by 350% to $274 billion from $61-62 billion CY 17. The first calendar year of operation of the new tax and SSI Trust Fund would be dedicated paying SSI benefits to the families of more than 17 million children growing up in poverty. After that the program spending would grow at the normal rate of 4%, 3% Cost-of-Living-Adjustment and 1% beneficiary population growth. With benefit growth stabilized the SSI tax rate would gradually go down to accumulate SSI Trust Fund assets and protect the OASI Trust Fund against a deficit in the intermediate projection. 1. National poverty is measured as the number of people who live below the poverty line, below which a person would be expected to suffer from hunger as the result of the market prices of room and board. Worse yet the share of the poor in deep poverty  defined as one-half the official poverty level of income  has risen steadily since the mid-1970s. In 1975, about 30 percent of the poor were in deep poverty; in 2010 44.3 percent were. In 1979, the average central city poverty rate was 15.7%, at its highest point, in 1993, it was 21.5%, by 2001 it was 16.5%, but was still over twice the rate for the suburbs, 8.2%. Poverty in rural areas is not negligible either; in 2001, 14.2% of people living outside metropolitan areas were poor. Among the states, New Mexico had the largest percentage of individuals in poverty; from 1998 to 2000 it was 19.3%. Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, and New Hampshire had the lowest poverty rates among states below 8% from 1998 to 2000. In 2005 it was estimated that 35-37 million people lived below the poverty line in the USA, 12.6-13.2% of the population, 4.7% were unemployed with a labor force participation rate of 66%. Census data shows that since the Great Recession in 2010, 46.3 million Americans lived below the poverty line, 15.1% of the population and 63 million lived below 130% of the poverty line, SNAP s gross income limit. In 2010, the poverty rate for the elderly was 9 percent officially but 15.9 percent with the new definition, due primarily to the much higher medical costs borne by older men and women. The working age poverty rate is 10%. The number of children living below the poverty has risen to 22-33%, 16 to 24 million children. At the end of the month poverty afflicts an estimated 50 million Americans, >15.2  15.6% of the 330 million social security area and 324 million census bureau population in 2017. 2. Americans with children are 12 percent less happy than non-parents, the largest  happiness gap of 22 rich countries surveyed. The main source postpartum depression is the failure of the US Labor Secretary to pay mothers for 14 weeks of maternity leave with unemployment compensation and TANF benefits under Maternity Protection ILO Convention 183 (2000). Fathers and adoptive parents are not due more than 3 weeks holiday with pay unless the child is very sick, in which case the Family and Maternity Leave Act provides for 12 weeks of unpaid leave. In France parents are slightly happier than non-parents. Early childhood offerings vary, but everywhere in Europe and in Canada they re far more generous than in the United States. Ukraine offers paid maternity leave; practically free preschool; and per-baby payments equivalent to eight months of an average salary. The primary reason for the development of high rates of child poverty in the United States is that the creation of TANF gutted AFDC benefits 1994-2000 and was subsequently predated upon by child welfare professionals so that family and child benefits went down from 75% of TANF spending to 25% today, two multi-billion dollar counts of deprivation of 10 million relief benefits under 18USC246. There is no cash assistance readily available to poor families although maternity leave, family and child benefits are internationally recognized human rights and affordable by comparison with other social security programs. Mothers typically only need assistance for 14 weeks at around the time they deliver a baby. Failing maternity protection is estimated to cost 5 years of TANF benefits until school babysits for free, not all American families are very poor, but an increasing number are extremely poor, due to the never ending insults. SSI benefits are needed to make up for the severe weakness of TANF that was designed for the dwindling middle and working class. Furthermore, the Federal Minimum Wage has not been increased since the large increase of 2008 precipitated the Great Recession. To avoid triggering more layoffs with unreasonably large federal minimum wage increases limited labor budgets cannot afford it is necessary that Congress legislate an automatic minimum wage increase of not more or less than 3% annual growth, beginning immediately. Managerial and professional wages are expected to grow around 2.5%. Welfare programs, food stamps, TANF, etc., should budget for a 3% raise to stay ahead of average inflation, plus beneficiary population growth of 1%, 104% of prior year spending. 2017 Poverty Guidelines for the 48 Continuous States and District of Columbia Persons in Family / Household Poverty GuidelineFor families/households with more than 8 persons, add $4,180 for each additional person.1$12,0602$16,2403$20,4204$24,6005$28,7806$32,9607$37,1408$41,320Source: HHS; Alaska and Hawaii have higher poverty thresholds. 3. Children are expensive. Working 40 hours a week in 2016 at the $7.25 an hour federal minimum wage earns a pre-tax income of only $290 a week, $1,160 a month, $13,920 a year, not enough for a $16,020 spouse or $21,160 first child and $4,160 each additional child. Two parents working for 60 hours a week for the minimum wage could earn $435 a week, $1,740 a month, $20,888 a year, not quite enough for child, Working 80 hours a week a couple insured for maternity leave and child care could earn $580 a week, $2,320 a month, $27,840 a year, enough for two children. Annually the poverty line for one is $11,880, for two $16,020, for three, $20,160, for four $24,300 and $4,160 for each additional child. In summary each child costs about $80 a week, $347 a month, $4,160 a year. Poverty thresholds are produced by the Census Bureau and poverty guidelines by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Poverty thresholds are used for calculating all official poverty population statistics - for instance, figures on the number of Americans in poverty each year. They are updated each year by the Census Bureau . Poverty thresholds since 1973 (and for selected earlier years) and weighted average poverty thresholds since 1959 are available on the Census Bureau s web site. The poverty guidelines are a simplified version of the federal poverty thresholds used for administrative purposes  for instance, determining financial eligibility for certain federal programs. They are issued each year in the Federal Register by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The January 2017 poverty guidelines are calculated by taking the 2015 Census Bureau s poverty thresholds and adjusting them for price changes between 2015 and 2016 using the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). The poverty thresholds used by the Census Bureau for statistical purposes are complex and are not composed of standardized increments between family sizes. Since many program officials prefer to use guidelines with uniform increments across family sizes, the poverty guidelines include rounding and standardizing adjustments in the formula. 110 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families A. TANF, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, was created in the 1996 welfare reform law (P.L. 104-193). This $20 billion a year block grant to States replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and other related welfare programs in Sec. 401 of Title IV-A of the Social Security Act under 42USC601 et seq. Like the federal minimum wage, TANF benefits have not grown 3% annually. Nor has TANF spending increased 4% to provide for 1% population growth and 3% annual benefit increase to stay ahead of consumer price index (CPI) inflation averaging 2.7%. Furthermore, more than 4 million certified births in Republican administrations and less during Democratic administrations is 1.2% of 330 million Social Security Area population 2016. It is necessary to produce a three year budget request for the TANF Program. TANF benefit spending has declined from 75% in 1994 to 25% of total  TANF spending in 2017. The United States needs to end FY 17 approving TANF benefits. In the final reckoning FY 17 needs to begin to account for genuine undistributed offsetting receipts by sustaining a TANF budget that is somewhat less than the FY 17 Administration for Children and Families (ACF) TANF spending estimate of $20.1 billion FY 17 growing 4% to $20.9 billion FY 18 in this budget. TANF spending should be 4% from the prevailing FY 17 TANF budget request. 2.5% growth for administration, 3% growth for social work and child care, 3% annual growth for benefits, and >1.2% beneficiary population growth until the child poverty rate is normalized, shall be dedicated to sustaining family benefits under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 18 December 1979 and child benefits under Art. 26 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 2 September 1990. 1. The Trump administration's planned FY 18 TANF budget cuts, renege on the Obama administration's FY 17 TANF budget of $20.1 billion, for 0% growth from $17.4 billion FY 16 and FY 17 would reduce TANF spending to $15.1 billion FY 18. Family benefits are more expensive than the FY 15 fiscal report lets on. If the dead beat President's daughter cannot get her father to agree with his predecessor and this budget, the Secretary of Health and Human Services may also makes loans, repayable in 3 years, particularly in anti-welfare fraud cases under Sec. 406 of the Social Security Act under 42USC606 et seq. $13.9 billion total federal spending estimated in FY 2015 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data seems low. After checking the subtotals for accuracy, total funds used was $15.4 billion FY 15 and the grand total with social service block grant and child care development fund was $17.9 billion not $16.4 billion FY15. The FY 16 TANF deficit of $1.1 billion is covered by the negligent method of accounting for $1.4 billion federal unliquidated obligations. Federal unliquidated obligations are not a generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP). Liability for the non-support of the FY 18 TANF budget request failure to distribute FY 17 child support obligations, to the burgeoning population of children growing up in poor families, is expressed as undistributed offsetting receipt from the FY 17 TANF budget request under 18USC228 (b-d). TANF Budget Review FY 15 - FY 18 (millions) CategoryFY 15FY 16FY 17FY 18 Basic Assistance4,1584,3244,4974,677Total Funds Used17,89418,43018,97319,542Federal Unliquidated Obligations1,438ACF FY 17 Estimate17,34520,097 20,901 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts + / or deficit --1,085+1,124+1,359ACF FY 18 Estimate17,34517,34515,133Undistributed Offsetting Receipts + / or deficit --1,085-1,628-4,409Source: FY 2015 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data; Administration for Children and Families All Purpose Table, Administration for Community Living and Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committees FY 17 & FY 18 2. The average national poverty rate for all ages is 15.4% but 16-24 million children, 22%-33%, are growing up poor, otherwise poverty in the United States runs about 10% for working age adults and 9% for elderly, excluding medical bills that drive up the elderly poverty rate to 15.9%. The reason for the extraordinarily high rates of child poverty are that Congress has not authorized an automatic annual 3% raise in minimum wage, paid maternity leave, or even compensated for the 10 million Temporary Assistance for Needy Family (TANF) benefits 1996-2000. In 1996 the child poverty rate was the same as for any other age, about 15.7%. Until child poverty is ended by taxing the rich, the failure of the United States to pay legal child support obligations under 18USC228 constitutes deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. With 4% growth for basic assistance, 3% growth for social work and 2.5% for tax-relief and programs, program spending growth can be projected using the FY 15 financial report that expressed unspent funds at the end of the fiscal year as federal unliquidated obligations. This report has expressed that all Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and Human Services (HS) programs should be used to to pay the obligations of the TANF basic family benefit program, that needs to grow to redress high child poverty rates. TANF Federal Budget Request FY 15- FY 18 (millions) CategoryFY 15FY 16FY 17FY 18 Basic Assistance4,1584,3244,4974,677Basic Assistance4,0134,1744,3404,514Relative Foster Care144150156162Assistance Authorized Solely under Prior Law694711729747Foster Care Payments380390399409Juvenile Justice Payments49505253Emergency Assistance Authorized Solely under Prior Law264271277284Non-Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law634650666683Child Welfare or Foster Care Services389399409419Juvenile Justice Services65676870Emergency Services Authorized Solely Under Prior Law189194199204Work, Education and Training Activities1,5551,5941,6341,675Subsidized Employment156160164168Education and Training158162166170Additional Work Activities1,2421,2731,3051,338Work Supports416426437448Early Care and Education1,3031,3361,3691,403Child Care (Assistance and Non-Assistance)1,2501,2881,3271,360Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start52545557Financial Education and Asset Development1,5441,5831,6221,663Refundable Earned Income Tax Credits167171176180Non-EITC Refundable State Credits0000Non-Recurrent Short Term Benefits296305314324Supportive Services221228235242Services for Children and Youth225232239246Prevention of Out-of-wedlock Pregnancies540556573590Fatherhood and Two-Parent Family Formation and Maintenance Programs88919396Child Welfare Services 9901,0201,0501,082Family Support/Preservation/Reunification518534550566Adoption Services13131414Additional Child Welfare Services459473487502Home Visiting Programs21222223Program Management2,0902,1422,1962,251Administrative Costs1,1541,1831,2121,243Assessment/Service Provision733751770789Systems203208213219Other467479491503Total Expenditures 15,40915,87016,34316,833Transferred to CCDF Discretionary1,3201,3601,4001,442Transferred to SSBG1,1651,2001,2301,267Total Transfers2,4852,5602,6302,709Total Funds Used17,89418,43018,97319,542Federal Unliquidated Obligations1,438ACF FY 17 Estimate17,34520,097 20,901 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts/ or deficit-1,0851,1241,359ACF FY 18 Estimate17,34517,34515,133Undistributed Offsetting Receipts/ or deficit-1,085-1,628-4,409Source: FY 2015 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data B. The purpose of TANF is to provide assistance to needy families so that children may be cared for in their own homes or in the homes of relatives, end the dependence on government benefits by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage; prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of-wedlock pregnancies and encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families. TANF funds can be used in any manner a state can reasonably calculate helps it achieve the goals of (1) providing assistance to needy families so that children may be cared for in their own homes or in the homes of relatives; (2) ending the dependence of needy parents on government benefits through work, job preparation, and marriage; (3) preventing and reducing the incidence of out-of-wedlock births; and (4) encouraging the formation and maintenance of two-parent families. TANF s performance is measured on state welfare-to-work efforts, with states assessed based on numerical work participation standards. Having lost touch with generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) expressed as administrative costs less than 1% of benefits by social security and payment accuracy of 99% touted by supplemental nutrition assistance programs, the TANF caseload is much smaller 1.7 million families in FY2013 versus 5.0 million families in FY1994. TANF provides a safety net to significantly fewer poor families than in the past: In 2014, just 23 families received TANF benefits for every 100 poor families with children, down from 68 families receiving TANF for every 100 poor families in 1996. Even more troubling, 12 states TANF programs reach only ten families or fewer for every 100 poor families. TANF often is these families only source of support; without it they would have no cash income to meet basic needs. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Calculation 1980  2013 198019881994200120062013Total Families (thousands)3,6433,7485,0462,2021,9571,749Average Monthly Benefit 305365375390395430Annual Benefit Spending (millions)13,33316,41622,70710,3059,2769,025Source: Urban Institute Welfare Rules Database funded by the Department of Health and Human Services 2013; Falk, Gene. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): Size and Characteristics of the Cash Assistance Caseload. Congressional Research Service. January 29, 2016 1. Basic assistance what many call  cash welfare  accounted for only 27.6% of all TANF funding in FY2013. The practice of estimating actual TANF benefit spending, using existing data, is that one must multiply the number of beneficiaries times the average monthly benefit times twelve. An annual chore that could be done by beneficiaries in the one hour provided by public library computers. In fiscal year (FY) 2003, combined Federal and State expenditures for the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program totaled $26.3 billion, an increase of $926 million from FY 2002. States spent the majority of their grants on various non-cash services designed to promote work, stable families, or other TANF objectives, including work activities ($2.6 billion), child care ($3.5 billion), transportation and work supports ($543 million), administrative and systems costs ($2.5 billion), and a wide range of other benefits and services ($6.3 billion). In addition to these expenditures, States also can transfer up to 30% of their TANF block grant into the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) or the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG). In FY 2003, States transferred $1.8 billion into the CCDF and $927 million into the SSBG. These expenditure patterns represent a significant shift since the enactment of TANF, when spending on cash assistance amounted to 73.1% of total expenditures. States spent $10.1 billion, or 41.8% of their total expenditures, on cash assistance, in 2013. Federal and State TANF and MOE FY 15 (millions) CategoryFederal FundsState FundsAll FundsAll Funds % of Total Basic Assistance4,1583,6407,79724.6%Basic Assistance4,0133,5257,53823.8%Relative Foster Care1441152590.8%Assistance Authorized Solely under Prior Law6946942.2%Foster Care Payments3803801.2%Juvenile Justice Payments49490.2%Emergency Assistance Authorized Solely under Prior Law2642640.8%Non-Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law6346342.0%Child Welfare or Foster Care Services3893891.2%Juvenile Justice Services65650.2%Emergency Services Authorized Solely Under Prior Law1891800.6%Work, Education and Training Activities1,5555562,1126.7%Subsidized Employment156311860.6%Education and Training1582113691.2%Additional Work Activities1,24231515574.9%Work Supports416484641.5%Early Care and Education1,3034,6275,93018.7%Child Care (Assistance and Non-Assistance)1,2502,7814,03112.7%Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start521,8461,8986.0%Financial Education and Asset Development1,544241,5680.0%Refundable Earned Income Tax Credits1671,8221,9886.3%Non-EITC Refundable State Credits05845841.8%Non-Recurrent Short Term Benefits2965598652.7%Supportive Services2211974171.3%Services for Children and Youth2253435681.8%Prevention of Out-of-wedlock Pregnancies5404881,0283.2%Fatherhood and Two-Parent Family Formation and Maintenance Programs88401280.4%Child Welfare Services 9905491,5394.9%Family Support/Preservation/Reunification5182978152.6%Adoption Services1313260.1%Additional Child Welfare Services4592406982.2%Home Visiting Programs218290.1%Program Management2,0901,0693,15910.0%Administrative Costs1,1548031,9576.2%Assessment/Service Provision7331959282.9%Systems203712740.9%Other4678001,2674.0%Total Expenditures 13,86515,33929,20492.2%Transferred to CCDF Discretionary1,3201,3204.2%Transferred to SSBG1,1651,1653.7%Total Transfers2,4852,4857.8%Total Funds Used16,35015,33931,689100.0%Federal Unliquidated Obligations1,4381,438Source: FY 2015 Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data 2. Child welfare services are involved in: Protecting and promoting the welfare of all children, including handicapped, homeless, dependent, or neglected children; Preventing or remedying, or assisting in the solution of problems which may result in, the neglect, abuse, exploitation, or delinquency of children; Preventing the unnecessary separation of children from their families by identifying family problems, assisting families in resolving their problems, and preventing breakup of the family where the prevention of child removal is desirable and possible; Restoring to their families children who have been removed, by the provision of services to the child and the families; Placing children in suitable adoptive homes, in cases where restoration to the biological family is not possible or appropriate; and assuring adequate care of children away from their homes, in cases where the child cannot be returned home or cannot be placed for adoption. 3. The state provides assistant to foster care and adoption assistance programs taking into consideration the special needs of the children. These programs shall ensure that orphanages or foster homes, uphold standards related to admission policies, safety, sanitation, and protection of civil rights. Record checks reveal whether a felony conviction for child abuse or neglect, for spousal abuse, for a crime against children (including child pornography), or for a crime involving violence, including rape, sexual assault, or homicide, but not including other physical assault or battery, if a State finds that a court of competent jurisdiction has determined that the felony was committed at any time, such final approval shall not be granted under Sec. 472 of Title IV-E of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)IV-E672. A care plan shall assure that the child receives safe and proper care and that services are provided to the parents, child, and foster parents in order to improve the conditions in the parents' home, facilitate return of the child to his own safe home or the permanent placement of the child, and address the needs of the child while in foster care, including a discussion of the appropriateness of the services that have been provided to the child under the plan. 4. State child welfare agencies and courts consult with the individual parent and child under the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 under 42USC(76)6101to develop an individual responsibility plan for the individual, that: a. Sets forth an employment goal for the individual and a plan for moving the individual immediately into private sector employment; b. Sets forth the obligations of the individual, which may include a requirement that the individual attend school, maintain certain grades and attendance, keep school age children of the individual in school, immunize children, attend parenting and money management classes, or do other things that will help the individual become and remain employed in the private sector; c. To the greatest extent possible is designed to move the individual into whatever private sector employment the individual is capable of handling as quickly as possible, and to increase the responsibility and amount of work the individual is to handle over time; d. Describes the services the State will provide the individual so that the individual will be able to obtain and keep employment in the private sector, and describe the job counseling and other services that will be provided by the State; and e. May require the individual to undergo appropriate substance abuse treatment. C. The modern form of assistance for needy families with children has its origins in the early-1900s  mothers pension programs, established by state and local governments. These programs provided economic aid to needy families headed by a mother so that children could be cared for in homes rather than in institutions. Federal involvement in funding these programs dates back to the Great Depression, and the creation of the Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) program as part of the Social Security Act of 1935. ADC provided grants to states to help them aid families with  dependent children, who were deprived of the economic support of one parent because of his death, absence, or incapacitation. The Social Security Act was amended to provide social insurance protection for families headed by widows (survivors benefits, added in 1939) and those with disabled members (disability benefits, added in 1956). This left families headed by a single mother with the father alive, but absent, as the primary group aided by ADC, later renamed Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). The cash assistance caseload also became increasingly nonwhite. States were first given the option to aid two-parent families beginning in 1961, but were not required to extend such aid until the enactment of the Family Support Act in 1988. 1. Even with the extension of aid to two-parent families, this group never became a large part of the caseload, and most adult TANF cash assistance recipients continue to be single mothers. Beginning in 1967, federal policy changes were made to encourage, and then require, work among AFDC mothers. In 1974, children surpassed the elderly as the age group with the highest poverty rate. Additionally, experimentation on  welfare-to-work initiatives found that requiring participation in work or job preparation activities could effectively move single mothers off the benefit rolls and into jobs.  Welfare reform, aiming to replace AFDC with new programs and policies for needy families with children, was debated over a period of four decades (the 1960s through the 1990s). These debates culminated in a number of changes in providing aid to low-income families with children in the mid-1990s, creating a system of expanded aid to working families (e.g., increases in the Earned Income Tax Credit and funding for child care subsidies) and the creation of TANF, which established time limits and revamped work requirements for the cash assistance programs for needy families with children. From FY1994 to FY2001, the cash welfare caseload declined rapidly, from 5.0 million families to 2.2 million families per month, a 56% decline. Participation in public assistance programs by custodial parents fell from 40.7% to 28.4% between 1993 and 2001. While the rate of program participation for custodial mothers decreased from 45.2% to 31.0% during that time, it was still about double that of custodial fathers in 2001 (14.9%). 2. Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was a federal assistance program in effect from 1935 to 1996 created by the Social Security Act (SSA) and administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provided financial assistance to children whose families had low or no income. This program grew from a minor part of the social security system to a significant system of welfare administered by the states with federal funding. However, it was criticized for offering incentives for women to have children, and for providing disincentives for women to join the workforce. ADC dispensed scant relief to poor single mothers. The federal government authorized case workers, supervisors, and administrators with discretion to determine who received aid and how much. ADC was primarily created for white single mothers who were expected not to work. Black mothers who had always been in the labor force were not considered eligible to receive benefits. The words "families with" were added to the name in 1962, partly due to concern that the program's rules discouraged marriage. 3. The Civil Rights Movement and the efforts of the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO) in the 1960s expanded the scope of welfare entitlements to include black women. The welfare rolls racial demographics changed drastically. The majority of welfare recipients still remained white and most black women recipients continued to work. Starting in 1962, the Department of Health and Human Services allowed state-specific exemptions as long as the change was "in the spirit of AFDC" in order to allow some experimentation. By 1996 spending was $24 billion per year. When adjusted for inflation, the highest spending was in 1976, which exceeded 1996 spending by about 8%. In 1996, AFDC was replaced by the more restrictive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. In 1996, President Bill Clinton negotiated with the Republican-controlled Congress to pass the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act which drastically restructured the program. Among other changes, a lifetime limit of five years was imposed for the receipt of benefits. TANF benefits seem primarily designed to compensate working class families for 14 weeks of paid maternity leave under International Labour Organisation Maternity Protection Convention 183 (2000) but is actually used to provide temporary relief for the extremely poor who would be better served by Supplemental Security Income for Aged, Blind and Disabled. D. The trend in the average monthly number of families receiving cash assistance from TANF and its predecessor program (AFDC, ADC) from 1959 through 2013 shows two distinct periods of rapid caseload growth before declining since 1994. The first period of growth occurred from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s. The second growth spurt followed a period of relative stability in the caseload (around 3.5 million families) and occurred from 1989 to 1994. Following 1994, the caseload declined. It declined rapidly in the late 1990s, with continuing declines, albeit at a slower rate, from 2001 to 2008. The caseload increased again from 2008 through 2010 coincident with the economic slump associated with the 2007-2009 recession. That latest period of caseload increase was far less rapid and much smaller than the two earlier periods of caseload growth. From FY1994 to FY2001, the cash welfare caseload declined rapidly, from 5.0 million families to 2.2 million families per month, a 56% decline. TANF cash assistance families with an adult reported as working represented 17.3% of the cash assistance caseload in FY2013 more than double the 7.5% share in FY1994. In FY2013, 85.7% of adult recipients were women. In FY2013, 56.6% of all families had a child under the age of six, with 12.0% of all families having an infant. In FY2013, the share of child recipients who were Hispanic was 36.3%, compared with 29.9% who were African American, and 25.8% who were non-Hispanic white. Hispanic children became the largest group of recipient children by FY2013. The total number of TANF beneficiaries has declined dramatically from a high of nearly 14.2 million in 1993 to little less than 5 million in 2003. TANF Monthly Average Number of Families 1988-2013 (thousands) 19881994200120062013Total Families3,7485,0462,2021,9571,749Family with Adults/Not Employed3,1373,799993826781Family with Adults/Employed244379421259302Child-Only/SSI Parents60171172177156Child-Only/Noncitizen Parent48184126153196Child-Only/Caretaker Relative 189328256262235Child-Only/ Other721852352817Source: Falk, Gene. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): Size and Characteristics of the Cash Assistance Caseload. Congressional Research Service. January 29, 2016 E. Most states only admit very poor families onto the benefit rolls. The maximum income is below the poverty line in all states. TANF benefits leave family incomes below half of the poverty line in every state. Most states benefits were below 30 percent of the poverty line. 12 states TANF programs reach only ten families or fewer for every 100 poor families. TANF often is these families only source of support; without it they would have no cash income to meet basic needs . In July 2012, the majority of states (28 states and the District of Columbia) required that a single mother caring for two children earn less than $795 per month to gain entry to the benefit rolls an earnings level representing about half of 2012 poverty-level income. States often permit families with a working member who obtains a job while on the rolls to remain eligible for TANF at higher earnings levels, though in many states such eligibility is retained for a limited period of time. States also usually require that a family has assets below a specified amount in order to qualify for benefits. In July 2012, 27 states and the District of Columbia required applicant families to have $2,000 or less in assets to gain entry to the benefit rolls. In most states, the value of at least one of the family s cars is not counted toward the state s asset limit. 1. As of July 1, 2016, every state s TANF benefits for a family of three with no other cash income were below 50 percent of the poverty line, measured by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 2016 poverty guidelines. Most states benefits were below 30 percent of the poverty line. In every state, benefits for a family of three with no other cash income were also below the Fair Market Rent  the Department of Housing and Urban Development s (HUD) estimate of the rent and utility costs of modest housing in a local area  for a modest two-bedroom apartment; in 30 states and D.C., they covered less than half of the Fair Market Rent. Additionally, less than a quarter of TANF families receive HUD housing assistance to help cover rent. Even when benefits from SNAP (formerly food stamps) are added to TANF family grants, families with no other income remain below the poverty line in every state. Eight states and the District of Columbia raised TANF benefit levels between July 1, 2015 and July 1, 2016, increasing the median state benefit from $429 to $432. Most of these increases were modest and reflect default periodic adjustments to benefit levels. Eight states plus Washington, D.C., raised TANF benefits between July 2015 (the start of fiscal year 2016 in most states) and July 2016; two others enacted legislation that raised benefit levels after July 2016. The remaining 41 states did not adjust benefits. (No state cut TANF benefits in nominal dollars in the past year). States Raising TANF Benefits in 2016 (monthly benefit for family of three) July 2016 BenefitsIncrease Since July 2015District of Columbia$441$7Montana$588$2Nebraska$436$72New Mexico$409$29South Carolina$282$5South Dakota$615$16Texas$285$4Virginia$409$20Wyoming$657$5Source: CBPP 2016 2. In July 2012, the state with the lowest maximum benefit paid to a family consisting of a single parent and two children was Mississippi, with a benefit of $170 per month (11% of poverty-level income). Among the contiguous 48 states and the District of Columbia, the highest maximum benefit was paid in New York: $770 per month for a single parent of two children in New York City (48% of poverty-level income). The benefit for such a family in the median state (North Dakota, whose maximum benefit ranked 26th among the 50 states and District of Columbia), was $427, a benefit amount that represented 27% of monthly poverty-level income in 2012. TANF maximum benefits vary greatly by state; there is also a very apparent regional pattern to benefit amounts. States in the South tend to have the lowest benefit payments; states in the Northeast have the highest benefits. Additionally, cash assistance benefit amounts for needy families are not automatically adjusted for inflation by the states, and have lost considerable value in terms of their purchasing power over time. From 1981 to 2012, the inflation-adjusted value of cash assistance benefits for needy families in the median state declined by 44%. Some of this decline occurred before the 1996 welfare law: between 1981 and 1996 the value of cash assistance benefits had already declined by 28%. F. In 2011 an estimated 1 in 4 US children, 21%, were growing up in poverty, the highest rate in the industrialized world. Estimates on the number of poor children growing up in the United States have risen from 16 million to as high as 24 million, 20.8% and 31.2% of the 77 million Social Security Area child population respectively. 22 - 33 percent of all children  live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level  $23,550 a year for a family of four. Research shows that, on average, families need an income of about twice that level to cover basic expenses. Using this standard, 45 percent of children live in low-income families. From 2006 to 2011 the percentage of children living below the official poverty line increased from 18% to 22%, and when the  near poor are included, the percentage has changed from 40% to 45% - almost half  of all children in the Untied States under the age of 18. The statistics are even worse for younger children: 49% of children under 3 years of age and 48% of those between 3 and 5 years of age are currently living in poor or near poor households. In 2003 there were 12.9 million children living in poverty, or 17.6% of the under-18 population. That was an increase of about 800,000 from 2002, when 16.7% of all children were in poverty. Only 10% of children living with both parents were below the poverty line whereas 40% living with only one parent were below the poverty line. Children living only with their mothers were twice as likely to live in poverty as those living only with their fathers. 100% of the Federal Poverty Level Guidelines 2016 Family SizeAnnualMonthlyWeekly1$11,880$990$2282$16,020$1,335$3083$20,160$1,680$3884$24,300$2,025$4675$28,440$2,370$5476$32,580$2,715$6277$36,730$3,061$7068$40,890$3,408$786Each Add'l$4,160$347$80Source: Mass Legal Services, HHS 2016 1. Children are expensive. Working 40 hours a week in 2016 at the $7.25 an hour federal minimum wage earns a pre-tax income of only $290 a week, $1,160 a month, $13,920 a year, not enough for a $16,,020 spouse or $21,160 first child and $4,160 each additional child. Two parents working for 60 hours a week for the minimum wage could earn $435 a week, $1,740 a month, $20,888 a year, not quite enough for child, Working 80 hours a week a couple insured for maternity leave and child care could earn $580 a week, $2,320 a month, $27,840 a year, enough for two children. Annually the poverty line for one is $11,880, for two $16,020, for three, $20,160, for four $24,300 and $4,160 for each additional child. In summary each child costs about $80 a week, $347 a month, $4,160 a year. A major reason for the increase in child poverty is that the Federal Minimum Wage has not been increased since the large increase of 2008 precipitated the Great Recession. To avoid triggering more layoffs with unreasonably large federal minimum wage increases limited labor budgets cannot afford it is necessary that Congress legislate an automatic minimum wage increase of 3%. Managerial and professional labor budgets are expected to grow around 2.5%. Benefits spending should increase 4% annually to stay ahead of average inflation with 3% benefit growth, plus beneficiary population growth of 1%. Rounded to the nearest nice nickel $7.25 an hour federal minimum wage in 2017 needs to be amended to $7.50 in 2018, to $7.75 in 2019 and 8.00 in 2020 and 3% every year thereafter.' in one final sentence at 29USC206(a)(1)(D). 2. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 18 December 1979 bears in mind the great contribution of women to the welfare of the family and to the development of society. Article 11(1)(e) The right to social security, particularly in cases of unemployment, sickness, invalidity and old and other incapacity to work, as well as the right to paid leave; (2)(b) to introduce maternity leave with pay or with comparable social benefits without loss of former employment, seniority of social allowances. Women are due 14 weeks of paid maternity leave by unemployment compensation for contributing women holding their job for more than a year, TANF for women with temporary maternity leave related income shortfalls and SSI for chronically poor families with children under Maternity Protection ( ILO Convention 183) of 2000 and 3 weeks annual paid sick days under the Holidays with Pay Convention (Convention 132) of 1970 and Workers with Family Responsibilities (Convention 156) of 1981. Article 13 State parties shall take all appropriate measure to eliminate discrimination against women in other areas of economic and social life in order to ensure on a basis of equality of men and women, the same rights, in particular (a) to family benefits. Convention on the Rights of the Child of 2 September 1990 Article 26 (1) States Parties shall recognize for every child the right to benefit from social security, including social insurance, and shall take the necessary measures to achieve the full realization of this right in accordance with their national law. (2) The benefits should, where appropriate, be granted, taking into account the resources and the circumstances of the child and persons having responsibility for the maintenance of the child, as well as any other consideration relevant to an application for benefits made by or on behalf of the child. 111 Child Support A. The Child Support Program is a federal/state/ tribal/local partnership that operates under Title IV-D of the Social Security Act Sec. 466 codified at 42USC666 et seq. The program functions in 54 states and territories, and 62 tribes. The national Child Support Program assures that assistance in obtaining support is available to children through locating parents, establishing paternity, establishing and modifying support obligations, and monitoring and enforcing these obligations. Established in 1975, the Child Support Program has evolved over the decades. The program has shifted its primary mission from welfare cost recovery to family support after legislation in 1996 and 2006. FY 2015, the program provided child support services and collected over $28.6 billion for 16 million children in its caseload through the program funded under Title IV-D of the Social Security Act. In addition, states collected and distributed to entitled families almost $4 billion in payments made through income withholding orders for child support cases that did not receive child support services. In total, $32.4 billion in child support was collected in FY 2015, providing support to families in a timely manner to reduce child poverty and promote family self-sufficiency. Child support cases are declining with the divorce rate, amicable private settlement and abolition of unwise enforcement practices. Federal Child Support Cases 2011-2015 20112012201320142015Child Cases (thousands)17,34117,15716,90016,33815,899Total Distributed Collections (million)27,300 27,72028,01028,20028,560Total Distributed to Families (millions)25,62026,11026,54026,81027,210Administrative Expenditures (millions)5,6605,6605,5905,6905,750Source: Turetsky, Vicki. Office of Child Support. Annual Report to Congress. Office of Child Support Enforcement. FY 2015. January 12, 2017 1. 29% of custodial families have incomes below the poverty line. Child support represents 41% of family income for poor custodial families. Custodial parents are 82% women, 78% 30 or older, and 55% have just one eligible child, 68% are white, 25% black and 23% Hispanic. Paternity and support order establishment, current collection, and arrears collection rates have never been stronger, while cost-effectiveness remains high at $5.26 collected for every dollar spent on the program. According to a 2014 U.S. Bureau of Census survey, child support represents 41% of family income for poor families with income below the poverty level who receive child support. From FY 2014 to FY 2015, the IV-D caseload paternity establishment percentage remained at 100%, while the statewide rate was 95% compared to 96% in 2014. Cases with Orders: 86%. Current Collections: 65%. Arrearage Cases: 64%. Cost Effectiveness: $5.26. Total Expenditures: $5.7 billion ($3.5 billion in federal funds and $2.3 billion in state funds). In 1996, Congress established the National Directory of New Hires (NDNH) as a new component of the Federal Parent Locator Service (FPLS), to help state child support agencies locate parents and enforce child support orders. Child support cases are matched daily against the NDNH to identify employers of parents owing child support so states can issue an income withholding order. OCSE operates two other major databases supporting child support agencies' business processes: the Federal Case Registry (FCR) of Child Support Orders, containing case and participant information from 54 states and territories, and the Child Support Debtor File, which contains data certified by states regarding the amount of past-due child support owed by noncustodial parents. 2. In the spring of 2004, an estimated 14.0 million parents had custody of 21.6 million children under 21 years of age while the other parent lived somewhere else. Five of every six custodial parents were mothers (83.1%) and 1 in 6 were fathers (16.9%). 28% of children live in single parent households as the result of the dramatic increase in divorce rates to 50% of all marriages. In 1999 there were 2.2 million marriages and 1.1 million divorces. Only 10% of children living with both parents were below the poverty line whereas 40% living with only one parent were below the poverty line. Children living only with their mothers were twice as likely to live in poverty as those living only with their fathers. In 2001, 6.9 million custodial parents who were due child support under the terms of agreements or current awards were due an average of $5,000; an aggregate of $34.9 billion in payments due. Of this amount, about $21.9 billion (62.6%) was received, averaging $3,200 per custodial-parent family. Overall, custodial parents reported receiving $22.8 billion directly from the non-custodial parent for support of their children in 2001, which included $900 million received by parents without current awards or agreements. In 2001, the average annual amount of child support received (for custodial parents receiving at least some support) was $4,300, and did not differ between mothers and fathers (as support recipients). The 2001 proportion of custodial parents receiving every child support payment they were due was 44.8%. Among these parents, the average amount received was $5,800, and did not differ significantly between mothers and fathers. The average family income for the 3.1 million custodial parents who received all the child support they were due in 2001 was $32,300, and their poverty rate was 14.6%. B. The procedures involved in child support enforcement are best laid out in Sec. 466 of Title IV-D of the Social Security Act under 42USC666 et seq. to include the establishment of paternity and of support enforcement orders and of their modification, withholdings from tax refunds, and withholdings from income checks administrated by financial institution by means of an  account'' means a demand deposit account, checking or negotiable withdrawal order account, savings account, time deposit account, or money-market mutual fund account. In making the determination as to the amount collected the income of the non-custodial parent is taken into consideration. It is very important not to force people living below the poverty to pay more than the small sum they can afford, if anything. The state must pay welfare benefits in these cases. In no case should a person be incarcerated for failing to pay child support if they live at or below the poverty line. Furthermore, the collection of back child support after the child has grown have proven deadly to the grown child and spousal support after a few months, without any children, legalized robbery. Child support manages to collect more than half of the revenues that are due. 1. Child welfare workers must support and facilitate non-custodial parents' access to and visitation of their children, by means of activities including mediation (both voluntary and mandatory), counseling, education, development of parenting plans, visitation enforcement (including monitoring, supervision and neutral drop-off and pickup), and development of guidelines for visitation and alternative custody arrangements under Sec. 469B of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)IV-D669b. The federal parent locator determines without charge the whereabouts of any parent or child when such information is to be used to locate such parent or child for the purpose of - (a) enforcing any State or Federal law with respect to the unlawful taking or restraint of a child; or (b) making or enforcing a child custody or visitation determination consistent with Sec. 453 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)IV-D653. The enforcement of child support extends to foreign countries under Sec. 459A of the Social Security Act under 42USC659a. The Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance (Hague Convention) promotes the enforcement of child support obligations in cases where the custodial parent and child are in one country and the noncustodial parent is in another. In 2014, the Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act, Public Law (P.L.) 113-183, authorized U.S. ratification of the Hague Convention and required states and territories participating in the federal child support program to enact the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA 2008). 112 Unemployment Compensation (UC) Trust Funds A. The Federal-State Unemployment Compensation (UC) Program was created in the Social Security Act of 1935 (Public Law 74-271). The program has two main objectives: First, to provide temporary and partial wage replacement to involuntarily unemployed workers who were recently employed. Second, to help stabilize the economy during recessions. The U.S. Department of Labor oversees the system, but each State administers its own program. Almost all wage and salary workers are now covered by the federal-state UC program. Railroad workers are covered by a separate federal program. Ex-service-members with recent service in the Armed Forces and civilian federal employees are covered by a federal program, with the states paying benefits from federal funds as agents of the federal government. The three major Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs: State UI, Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE), and Unemployment Compensation for Ex-Service-members (UCX). The UC program operates counter-cyclically to economic trends, paying out benefits during recessionary times and building solvency during recovery periods. The Labor Secretary must insure mothers who go into labor for 14 weeks UI to adopt Maternity Protection Convention 183 (2000) of the International Labor Organization (ILO). 1. In calendar year 2016 unemployment compensation paid 6.2 million beneficiaries a total of $32.0 billion in spending. In 2017 the average weekly benefit was $348.90. The average duration was 15.58 weeks. FY 17 the UC program covered 140.6 million workers with 8.1 million subject employers, 6.4 million unemployed workers received their first payments, $33.0 billion benefits were paid in all programs, total administrative costs were $3.9 billion, state administrative costs $2.74 billion, FUTA payroll tax levied $6.1 billion, and state payroll taxes $41.4 billion. As of December 2016, aggregate state trust fund accounts had reserves of approximately $46.9 billion. It is estimated that paying 14 weeks of maternity leave would increase the unemployment compensation rolls by 1 - 3 million unemployment insured pregnancies out of 4 million annually. $350 a week times 14 weeks = $4,900 per beneficiary = $4.9 billion  $14.7 billion (2018). Labor Dept. Unemployment Compensation Budget Request FY16  FY18 (billions) FY16FY17FY 18% Change FY17-18FY 18 3% UCOMB Labor Department43.651.054.05.9%54.0Total Outlays Labor FY 1846.546.044.2 -3.9%47.3Agency12.712.29.7-20.5%9.7UC Benefits33.833.833.90.3%37.6Full Time Equivalents16,84016,29115,924-2.3%15,924Source: Labor Department. FY 2018 Budget-in-brief. OMB Historical Tables FY 17 2. A 3% annual increase in federal UC spending is believed to be adequate to sustain the expansion into the maternity population with 100% payment accuracy for 14 weeks. If federal labor subsidies are insufficient to sustain 14 week maternity protection States can raise the taxable wage base or revert to an approximation of the initial 1% tax on all income. Unemployment compensation should stabilize at 3% annual growth while agency spending should growth at a rate of 2.5%. UC is growing at a rate of 0.3% and agency spending is declining by 20.5%. The 0.3% growth rate may constitute a terrorist attempt to coerce the unemployment compensation program into buying a defective 6 week maternity leave policy although it would be wiser to adopt 14 weeks of paid maternity protection to comply with ILO convention No. 183 (2000). The Social Security Actuary certainly didn't file a timely 2017 annual report after anemic 0.3% growth . The Budget proposes  to establish a paid parental leave benefit within the UI program to provide six weeks of paid family leave to new mothers and fathers, including adoptive parents, so all families can afford to take time to recover from childbirth and bond with a new child without worrying about paying their bills . The labor department needs to pay for the full 14 months of maternity protection required by international law. The department must drop the queer language regarding paid leave for  mother, father, and adoptive parents . The department of labor is discriminating against the high cost of insuring the 4 million women who go into labor and deliver a child in the United States annually, maybe half of them contributing to UC. UC benefits are a welfare program that theoretically should grow 3% annually for middle-income benefit and enrollment growth to compete with 2.7% annual inflation. UC benefits are currently 77% of total labor department spending. 3. Under current Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) provisions, a federal tax is levied on covered employers at a rate of 6.0 percent on wages up to $7,000 a year paid to an employee. The law, however, provides a credit against federal tax liability of up to 5.4 percent to employers who pay state taxes timely under an approved state UC program. This credit is allowed regardless of the amount of the tax paid to the state by the employer. Accordingly, in states meeting the specified requirements, employers pay an effective federal tax rate of 0.6 percent, or a maximum $42 per covered employee, per year. Initially, the federal tax under FUTA was 1.0 percent (0.1 percent effective tax) of the total wages of a worker. By 1940 it had increased to 3.0 percent (0.3 percent effective tax) on wages up to $3,000. Since then, the rate has increased a number of times, occasionally on a temporary basis. In 1985, the federal tax reached 6.2 percent (0.8 percent effective tax) on taxable wages. On July 1, 2011, the Federal tax was reduced to 6.0 percent. The taxable wage base increased to $4,200 in 1972, $6,000 in 1978, and $7,000 in 1983. Forty-nine (49) states have adopted a higher taxable wage base than the $7,000 now provided in FUTA. For 2017, Washington s taxable wage base is the highest at $45,000. In all states, an employer pays a tax on wages paid to each worker within a calendar year, up to the amount specified in state law. In addition, most of the states provide an automatic adjustment of the wage base if federal law is amended to apply to a higher wage base than that specified under state law. For the latest year available (2016), the preliminary estimated U.S. average tax rate is 0.66 percent of total wages, ranging from a high of 1.48 percent in Vermont (taxable wage base of $ $16,800) to a low of 0.26 percent in Tennessee (taxable wage base of $8,000). Wage and Unemployment Data 2017 StateIUR (%)TUR (%)Covered Employment (000)Civilian Labor Force (000)Total Wages (000) Taxable Wage Base Taxable Tax Total TaxAlabama1.0 6.11,8632,17920,557,8598,0001.660.36Alaska4.4 7.3 3243604,336,49139,8001.961.22Arizona0.9 4.9 2,5893,30731,569,8447,0002.320.44Arkansas1.3 4.0 1,1581,33211,897,22012,0002.140.69California2.65.3 16,50419,125258,167,6157,0004.650.69Colorado1.2 3.1 2,5262,92034,495,58112,5002.070.56Connecticut3.0 5.4 1,6431,89825,639,98015,0003.740.90Delaware1.74.8 4374725,781,86218,5001.730.59District of Columbia1.7 5.9 55739811,197,1889,0002.670.37Florida0.4 4.78,09610,03694,183,5007,0001.520.30Georgia0.8 5.24,1725,00251,811,1269,5001.890.43Hawaii1.4 2.8 6106967,316,70544,0001.060.72Idaho2.0 4.2 6898186,895,46937,8001.220.84Illinois2.5 5.6 5,8336,47580,054,40912,9603.110.77Indiana1.14.4 2,9633,30533,071,8009,5002.250.56Iowa2.33.7 1,5291,68417,268,97029,3001.590.86Kansas1.1 4.4 1,3361,47614,715,98014,0001.240.50Kentucky1.1 5.61,8102,04619,968,13010,2003.030.82Louisiana0.8 5.61,8662,09321,199,5187,7001.560.33Maine1.7 3.8 6066906,364,52712,0002.090.68Maryland1.5 4.4 2,4803,19634,468,4248,5002.560.49Massachusetts2.6 4.03,4683,63457,400,64415,0002.690.73Michigan2.1 5.4 4,2174,87253,104,9849,0003.610.77Minnesota2.54.7 2,8063,00138,264,70232,0001.360.66Mississippi0.9 5.1 1,0961,28810,319,54414,0000.800.32Missouri1.2 4.5 2,6893,06830,710,22813,0001.860.56Montana2.9 4.5 4455214,475,00031,4001.140.76Nebraska0.9 3.4 9571,00410,556,3379,0001.140.28Nevada1.8 5.0 1,2711,43415,565,80929,5001.991.10New Hampshire0.7 3.2 6437498,523,23714,0000.880.24New Jersey3.2 4.7 3,8774,50358,863,01433,5002.421.06New Mexico1.6 6.8 7759328,104,90724,4002.541.33New York2.1 4.8 8,9959,558142,368,92710,9003.540.63North Carolina0.6 5.1 4,1874,91949,044,17023,1001.750.76North Dakota2.6 3.64094175,080,44135,1001.400.85Ohio1.5 5.7 5,2735,70662,722,8109,0002.420.54Oklahoma1.2 4.5 1,5081,82816,391,30517,7000.850.34Oregon1.9 4.2 1,8152,05822,698,98538,4002.271.35Pennsylvania2.8 5.2 5,6536,39973,845,1499,7505.861.23Puerto Rico2.3 11.3 8631,1335,698,6747,0003.390.98Rhode Island2.8 5.1 4665505,902,86922,4003.441.45South Carolina0.8 4.5 1,9682,31421,066,89014,0001.560.55South Dakota0.9 3.3 4154534,293,82415,0000.760.29Tennessee0.5 5.1 2,8413,17033,319,8978,0001.170.25Texas1.35.0 11,59013,447155,618,8509,0002.290.46Utah1.03.4 1,3611,54615,340,88833,1000.740.42Vermont2.2 3.4 3023463,394,94417,3003.751.46Virgin Islands1.4 37363,23223,5001.570.92Virginia0.8 4.0 3,6144,26848,076,3688,0001.900.34Washington2.0 5.3 3,2033,68249,108,84745,0001.270.73West Virginia2.5 5.96497726,678,57612,0002.790.91Wisconsin2.0 4.1 2,8193,10932,289,15014,0002.620.84Wyoming2.3 5.2 2683012,963,63725,4001.320.68United States1.7 4.9 140,072159,3571,843,029,03513,7802.430.64 Source: Kim, Hyunchung. Unemployment Insurance Data Summary First Quarter 2017. Division of Fiscal and Actuarial Services. Office of Unemployment Insurance. 2017 IUR= Insured Unemployment Rate; TUR= Total Unemployment Rate. B. In 2017 the advance seasonally adjusted insured unemployment rate was 1.4 percent for the week ending August 5, unchanged from the previous week's unrevised rate. The federal government had $295 million in outstanding loans to the State of California and the Virgin Islands. August 5, 2017 there were 232,000 seasonally adjusted initial claims and on July 29, 2017 there were 2.0 million weeks claimed. The exhaustion rate in regular program 12 months ending June 30, 2017 was 36.60%. The advance number for seasonally adjusted insured unemployment during the week ending August 5 was 1,953,000, a decrease of 3,000 from the previous week's revised level. The previous week's level was revised up 5,000 from 1,951,000 to 1,956,000. A year earlier the rate was 1.5 percent and the volume was 2,083,250. The advance number of actual initial claims under state programs, unadjusted, totaled 198,033 in the week ending August 12, a decrease of 13,891 (or -6.6 percent) from the previous week. There were 219,570 initial claims in the comparable week in 2016. There were 8,921 former Federal civilian employees claiming UI benefits for the week ending July 29, a decrease of 45 from the previous week. Newly discharged veterans claiming benefits totaled 10,115, an increase of 80 from the prior week. The highest insured unemployment rates in the week ending July 29 were in Puerto Rico (3.8), New Jersey (2.7), Connecticut (2.4), Alaska (2.2), Pennsylvania (2.2), California (2.1), Rhode Island (2.0), Massachusetts (1.9), Illinois (1.7), and New York (1.7). The largest increases in initial claims for the week ending August 5 were in Kansas (+2,267), Missouri (+1,332), Pennsylvania (+1,215), South Carolina (+1,035), and Texas (+915), while the largest decreases were in California (- 2,952), Delaware (-229), Tennessee (-225), Mississippi (-74), and New Mexico (-52). Unemployment Claims First Quarter 2017 StateInitial ClaimsFirst PaymentssWeeks ClaimsWeeks CompensatedExhaustionsExhaustion RateAlabama38,14915,182249,285200,2224,93932.9%Alaska18,l217,552174,592151,8543,56044.6%Arizona50,04915,600292,502247,7916,66040.3%Arkansas24,78211,937193,455146,1333,79431.4%California622,326294,8115,417,6664,872,843121,99447.6%Colorado32,19622,190385,224325,8539,37842.9%Connecticut56,52840,131638,963608,11294,5832.6%Delaware9,9225,61196,09087,4071,31036.1%District of Columbia7,7905,161108,73097,3482,30341.9%Florida83,95238,154466,748354,76119,01150.9%Georgia98,20044,976422,384333,83113,41834.9%Hawaii17,4776,348108,61293,1461,74026.8%Idaho20,82412,911166,810143,2672,74726.5%Illinois143,345105,2941,896,5421,689,75225,22734.6%Indiana43,76928,103419,915360,3684,62923.0%Iowa40,07633,675456,066438,2046,44125.3%Kansas34,32815,267196,076159,7914,80139.6%Kentucky31,34726,016253,834321,7414,71434.4%Louisiana27,84010,950199,657218,8306,26935.3%Maine13,2138,740132,197115,9301,67523.7%Maryland52,36227,801481,292443,1777,89936.1%Massachusetts89,16962,3541,167,1631,004,39514,88333.6%Michigan124,85182,5331,153,8801,038,74917,60931.7%Minnesota57,45443,481903,206755,13310,80532.0%Mississippi14,4036,945123,365101,5122,38928.0%Missouri59,45233,529412,572356,7448,00038.1%Montana13,0588,437160,093143,5132,60233.8%Nebraska11,7387,019105,20987,6731,60726.6%Nevada32,38017,422293,578260,3525,99737.2%New Hampshire8,6334,54161,05155,08867117.4%New Jersey141,11583,9041,601,9821,453,77129,22941.3%New Mexico12,9337,974155,881137,7292,96639.2%New York266,951133,0562,440,6802,138,06634,84533.1%North Carolina48,55824,795324,647230,15610,43745.2%North Dakota11,7898,358139,172125,8233,31339.2%Ohio102,69765,9071,040,662891,91911,45626.2%Oklahoma20,99710,711231,454196,1845,78945.4%Oregon65,76028,644443,657385,4656,77730.7%Pennsylvania250,050110,6062,016,4971,670,46424,82128.3%Puerto Rico22,25014,852260,368249,9896,88444.0%Rhode Island16,70311,075167,888152,4382,19828.7%South Carolina34,48216,517206,245187,5685,88436.0%South Dakota3,5742,75046,37641,53126014.9%Tennessee35,93122,826186,320239,5694,49825.1%Texas194,105105,9031,992,4931,748,77352,26946.6%Utah17,26111,257173,208147,6762,92527.3%Vermont8,7255,78686,81077,42955214.4%Virgin Islands4152326,3705,63321440.6%Virginia47,89423,251384,629323,1967,84038.0%Washington51,34741,996779,489643,5369,77426.1%West Virginia16,56413,687212,016189,3903,24529.9%Wisconsin100,50147,124722,104598,9415,52416.5%Wyoming7,4084,39477,59972,2061,50936.9%United States3,355,7441,838,27630,833,30427,120,972559,73836.8%Source: Kim, Hyunchung. Unemployment Insurance Data Summary First Quarter 2017. Division of Fiscal and Actuarial Services. Office of Unemployment Insurance. 2017 1. The Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act (IPERA) of 2010 and the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Improvement Act (IPERIA) of 2012 require agencies to examine the risk of erroneous payments in all programs and activities they administer as codified under 20CFR602. The Benefit Accuracy Measurement (BAM) program is designed to determine the accuracy of paid and denied claims in three major Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs. The Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-96) amended the Social Security Act Section 303 by adding (a)(12):  A requirement that, as a condition of eligibility for regular compensation for any week, a claimant must be able to work, available to work, and actively seeking work. Over 35 percent of UI improper payments are the result of work search errors. Errors in reporting or recording benefit year earnings were the second leading cause of underpayments  22.2 percent of all underpayments and 0.10 percent of UI benefits paid. BAM estimates that employer actions contribute 13.30 percent of the overpayments included in the overpayment rate, 19.36 percent to the fraud rate dollars overpaid, and 14.56 percent of the overpayments included in the agency responsible rate. BAM estimates that 14.79 percent of the 971,078 monetary denials included in the BAM DCA population were improper. This compares to an improper denial rate of 13.55 percent in IPIA 2015. Agencies or BAM took action to ensure that benefits were paid for just over 68 percent of the improper monetary denial cases reviewed. Failure to report denials represent the largest population of non-separation denials. Although BAM seems accountable, stressing improper payments seems to have created a unlawful intrusion that is driving down the number of beneficiaries. 2. In 2016 $3.4 billion in overpayments were recovered. An improper payment is defined as any payment that was made to an ineligible recipient, duplicate payments, and payments that are for the incorrect amount -- both overpayments and underpayments, including inappropriate denials of payment or service. Improper payment was estimated to be 10.705% in 2015 and 11.535% in 2016. 10.261% was due to overpayment in 2015 and 11.073% in 2016. Agency responsibility was determined in 1.594% of cases in 2015 and 1.441% in 2016. Fraud was determined in 2.898% of cases in 2015 and 3.167% in 2016. Underpayment was determined 0.444% of cases in 2015 and 0.462% in 2016. The UI initial qualification and continuing eligibility requirements are complex. Benefit payments are limited to weekly and maximum benefit amounts. Benefits are restricted to a specific time period (benefit year). Claimant turnover is high with finite benefit duration and opportunities to return to employment. Employers provide wage information, which is used to calculate the claimants monetary eligibility and weekly benefit payments. Employers respond to notices of new initial and additional claims by providing information on the reason for the claimant s separation from work. Employers submit notices of new hire, which agencies use to detect claims filed by individuals who have returned to work. Employers also provide detailed information that may corroborate or contradict claimant provided information on issues that affect eligibility, such as information concerning availability for work, work search, job refusal, and benefit year earnings. C. The Secretary of Labor shall from time to time certify to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment to each State which has an unemployment compensation law approved by the Secretary of Labor according to the standards of the Unemployment Tax Act under 26USC3305(b), such amounts as the Secretary of Labor determines to be necessary for the proper and efficient administration of such law during the fiscal year for which such payment is to be made, including the reasonable expenditures of the State as are attributable to the costs of the implementation and operation of the immigration status verification system described in Sec. 1137(d) of the Social Security Act under 42USC1320b-7(d). The Secretary of Labor's determination shall be based on, the population of the State; an estimate of the number of persons covered by the State law and of the cost of proper and efficient administration of such law; and such other factors as the Secretary of Labor finds relevant. Funds for the administration of state unemployment compensation laws are set forth in the Unemployment Trust Fund Sec. 901(c) of the Social Security Act under 42USCIX1101. 1. The Governor of any State shall certify to the Secretary of Labor every 3 months how many and how much the state needs to administrate claims for unemployment compensation under Sec. 1201 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1321 whereupon the Secretary of the Treasurer shall quickly make adjustments to the book recognizing these payments. Judicial review of unemployment compensation applications where state law does not apply must be conducted at the appellate level and served upon the Governor of the state to be heard by the Secretary of Labor within 60 days. The commencement of such judicial proceedings shall stay the Secretary s proceedings for one month and the court shall grant interim relief as warranted Sec. 304 of the Social Security Act under 42USC504. If it is anticipated that the balance in a state s unemployment fund will become insufficient to pay expected benefit claims during a specified period of time, the state s Governor may request a loan from the Secretary of Labor. Such loans are made from the Federal Unemployment Account (FUA) in the UTF, and must meet the requirements of Title XII of the SSA. Unemployment Compensation Trust Funds, State by State Operation 2017 StateRevenues (000) Last 12 monthsTrust Fund Balance (000)TF as % of Total WagesLoan Balance (000)Interest Earned (000)Alabama242,204489,7390.7202,809Alaska139,758424,4333.4302,440Arizona485,306330,1780.3101,855Arkansas264,950520,4561.3102,924California6,108,83911,71103,175,6410Colorado664,820636,8450.5503,727Connecticut806,540214,7050.2401,649Delaware120,13895,1530.520571District of Columbia163,806390,8411.0202,207Florida910,0123,271,4350.99018,262Georgia746,0111,405,2820.7707,841Hawaii157,211498,0102.2602,838Idaho146,316488,4502.2802,771Illinois2,160,9011,084,3950.4007,302Indiana584,78543,5070.040348Iowa480,444913,1901.6705,412Kansas249,040516,7990.9402,971Kentucky557,543198,8310.3001,199Louisiana215,373850,3541.2104,833Maine124,856372,7462.0202,144Maryland593,175971,7460.8705,639Massachusetts1,422,741664,7320.3504,691Michigan1,247,3332,988,0151.7004,691Minnesota618,5131,352,6221.1408,215Mississippi134,049626,5491.9003,510Missouri565,027640,2330.6403,682Montana94,432284,0191.9101,667Nebraska95,155400,9751.2402,282Nevada567,544726,0471.3604,092New Hampshire56,379281,6171.0101,600New Jersey2,555,8381,626,7110.79010,068New Mexico320,069399,8391.5902,285New York3,121,071986,0500.2006,595North Carolina1,197,7362,546,0201.56014,026North Dakota144,98541,6640.280355Ohio1,081,167293,3730.1502,265Oklahoma213,545973,2701.6305,539Oregon936,4483,393,9464.78018,912Pennsylvania3,142,9241,109,0790.4807,197Puerto Rico177,829497,1292.9302,805Rhode Island276,992247,0981.3401,452South Carolina240,409529,1040.7602,958South Dakota40,017103,5430.810604Tennessee293,285991,7240.8605,602Texas2,289,628278,8100.0502,806Utah204,942997,0971.9405,626Vermont141,038299,4063.1401,712Virgin Islands9,3783,0050.3166,8750Virginia551,420931,3380.5705,342Washington1,152,2434,057,9062.68022,936West Virginia191,28451,1670.260378Wisconsin839,6511,086,3521.0606,329Wyoming59,539279,5083.1801,611United States39,904,63843,416,7510.703,242,516254,165Source: Kim, Hyunchung. Unemployment Insurance Data Summary First Quarter 2017. Division of Fiscal and Actuarial Services. Office of Unemployment Insurance. 2017 2. To assure that a state will repay any loans it secures from the fund, the law provides that when a state has an outstanding loan balance on January 1 for two consecutive years, the full amount of the loan must be repaid before November 10 of the second year, or the federal tax on employers in that state will be increased for that year and further increased for each subsequent year that the loan has not been repaid. States may take a 5.4 percent tax credit against the 6.0 percent FUTA rate. The 5.4 percent tax credit is reduced in successive increments of a minimum 0.3 percent for each year in which a loan or loans remain unpaid (reducing the overall tax credit from at a minimum of 5.4 to 5.1 percent the first year, to 4.8 percent the second year, to 4.5 percent the third year, etc.). Additional offset credit reductions may apply to a state beginning with the third and fifth taxable years if a loan balance is still outstanding and certain criteria are not met. A state will lose all offset credit (5.4 percent) for any year in which all interest due under law is not paid by the date on which such interest is required to be paid. The state would also lose all grants for costs of administration until interest due has been paid. Outstanding Loans from the Federal Unemployment Account. Balances as of August 15, 2017 are: California $228 million, Virgin Islands $66 million for a total of $294 million outstanding. D. All states determine an amount payable for a week of total unemployment as defined in the state law. Usually a week of total unemployment is a week in which the claimant performs no work and receives no pay. In most states workers are partially unemployed in a week of less than full- time work when they earn less than their weekly benefit amount. The benefit payment for such a week is the difference between the weekly benefit amount and the part-time earnings, usually with a small disregard as a financial inducement to take part-time work. All states require that a claimant must have earned a specified amount of wages or must have worked a certain number of weeks or calendar quarters in covered employment, or must have met some combination of the wage and employment requirements within his/her base period, to qualify for benefits. The purpose of such qualifying requirements is to restrict benefits to covered workers who are genuinely attached to the labor force. All state laws provide that, to receive benefits, a claimant must be able to work, available for work, and actively seeking work. Also, a claimant must be free from disqualification for such acts as voluntary leaving without good cause, discharge for misconduct connected with the work, and refusal of suitable work. The purpose of these provisions is to limit payments to workers unemployed through no fault of their own. Most states measure unemployment in terms of calendar weeks. Under all state laws a weekly benefit amount, that is, the amount payable for a week of total unemployment, varies with the worker s past wages within certain minimum and maximum limits. Unemployment Benefits First Quarter 2017 StateBenefits Paid (000)Extended BenefitsAverage Weekly BenefitAverage DurationAverage Benefit per First PaymentAlabama44,0070221.5614.43,148Alaska41,2340278,6118.44,998Arizona55,5030226.8315.43,407Arkansas36,6250260.5412.73,247California1,537,5652321.2717.55,459Colorado132,2830413.2815.06,145Connecticut230,2090400.9417.36,188Delaware22,2830261.1918.64,703District of Columbia32,1720340.8717.85,574Florida85,0451242.889.52,258Georgia92,0790285.988.42,328Hawaii44,4190490.1314.36,523Idaho44,2760321.8811.43,438Illinois651,4313387.2217.16,245Indiana100,1040280.5313.83,773Iowa169,2600398.3913.24,952Kansas60,2090383.7610.63,900Kentucky99,5430319.0217.03,656Louisiana46,8170215.9717.03,656Maine36,4750322.3313.14,072Maryland145,3570338.0319.06,210Massachusetts494,6820503.4317.48,379Michigan316,6850312.5412.53,699Minnesota330,0170446.1816.36,983Mississippi20,7540209.3514.22,868Missouri90,7280261.3411.92,936Montana45,5840345.0115.54,793Nebraska28,6890332.0612.03,790Nevada84,2090337.4615.44,911New Hampshire17,0600317.6512.93,946New Jersey612,7000438.5718.07,373New Mexico44,9870329.5018.16,062New York687,9790336.0317.25,418North Carolina56,8153250.539.32,280North Dakota61,2030489.4414.17,077Ohio323,0122366.2114.85,220Oklahoma70,3720365.2918.56,833Oregon140,9230371.5214.85,425Pennsylvania633,2441398.3916.56,112Puerto Rico29,2330119.3217.42,009Rhode Island53,6310359.3515.05,093South Carolina47,6940251.1312.03,080South Dakota13,5880332.2213.44,248Tennessee56,0160235.5112.63,179Texas682,0010404.7317.06,633Utah56,4020389.4212.74,861Vermont26,8120366.8313.24,257Virgin Islands1,8590344.5715.74,940Virginia96,8910306.1515.64,718Washington261,3390424.5414.86,262West Virginia53,5110291.9917.05,017Wisconsin179,0970323.7613.03,702Wyoming27,5560389.8417.67,032United States9,352,16712354.3315.65,255Source: Kim, Hyunchung. Unemployment Insurance Data Summary First Quarter 2017. Division of Fiscal and Actuarial Services. Office of Unemployment Insurance. 2017 1. There are no federal standards for benefits in terms of qualifying requirements, benefit amounts, or duration of regular benefits. The states have developed diverse and complex formulas for determining workers benefit rights. Originally, most states paid benefits for a maximum duration of between 13 and 16 weeks. Most states currently pay a maximum of 26 weeks, although Massachusetts pays 30 weeks. In periods of very high and rising unemployment, in individual states, benefits are payable for up to 13 additional weeks (20 in some cases), up to a maximum of 39 weeks (or 46). These  extended benefits are funded on a shared basis  approximately half from state funds and half from federal sources. In 1970, a permanent federal-state program of Extended Benefits was established for workers who exhaust their entitlement to regular state benefits during periods of high unemployment. The program is financed equally from federal and state funds. Employment conditions in an individual state trigger Extended Benefits. This happens when the unemployment rate among insured workers in a state averages 5% or more over a 13-week period and is at least 20% higher than the rate for the same period in the 2 preceding years. If the insured unemployment rate reaches 6%, a state may, by state law, disregard the 20% requirement in initiating Extended Benefits. Once triggered, Extended Benefit provisions remain in effect for at least 13 weeks. 2. The Emergency Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1993 (Public Law 103-6) extended EUC for claims filed through October 2, 1993. The law also authorized funds for automated State systems to identify permanently displaced workers for early intervention with reemployment services. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-66) extended the 0.2 percent FUTA surtax for 2 years through 1998. The Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1993 (Public Law 103-152) extended EUC for claims filed through February 5, 1994, and set the benefit periods at 7 and 13 weeks. It repealed a provision passed in 1992 that allowed claimants to choose between EUC and regular State benefits. The North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 103-182) gave States the option of continuing UC benefits for claimants who elect to start their own businesses. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-33) gave States complete authority in setting base periods for determining eligibility for benefits, authorized appropriations for program integrity activities, limited trust fund distributions to States in fiscal years 1999-2001, and raised the ceiling on FUA assets from 0.25 percent to 0.5 percent of wages in covered employment starting in fiscal year 2002. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-34) extended the 0.2% FUTA surtax through 2007. On November 21, 2008, the Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-449) expanded EUC08 to up to 20 weeks in every state and up to 13 additional weeks for individuals in "high unemployment" states. On November 6, 2009, the Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-92) expanded EUC08 to up to 34 weeks in every state and up to 19 additional weeks for individuals in "high unemployment" states. E. Fire the arsons !!! There were reported to be -2,952 fewer layoffs in the service and agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting industries in California than in the previous year. Slash and burn forest labor seems to be the new roundup of hydrocarbon huffing pyromaniacs who need to be abolished. Pyromaniacs must be prohibited by law, excused from privileges involving government contracts, buildings and property to protect the public from Fire 36CFR261.5. Arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC81 depreciates the land value from an average of $200,000 an acre uncut, to $175,000 parkland with flat stumps, $150,000 thinned, to $100,000 for agricultural land or forest with an environmentally cancer of slash piles requiring thousands of hours of physical labor to dismantle, slightly burned by infectious workers, to $50,000 an acre or less, catastrophically burned or toxically contaminated with chemicals. Aside from the well-known respiratory complications of smoke inhalation, during, and for some time after, a fire severe burn sites are a little-known cause of endocarditis, Streptococcus pyogenes heart and tooth infection causes a 25% chance of dying from a heart attack in 10 years if not cured with a course of antibiotics, and fungal Cryptococcus in AIDS patients. 1. Arson is a crime of terrorism. It is a crime to cut and injure trees. It is a crime to set timber afire. It is a crime to harbor and conceal terrorists and to provide terrorists with material support. Forest labor and enforcement offend the Slavery Convention of 1926. Arson offends treason and the USDA has catastrophically burnt a square mile to get the OMB Director the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) he deserves, for his full support for fire suppression propaganda. Their kerosene influenced lies about  natural fire must be impeached from Congress, kerosene forfeited, plastic sheets and slash piles declared fire-hazardous  litter for remediation. Slash and burn management must be either immediately laid-off or sentenced to supervised community service dismantling the slash piles they babel on about for $10 an acre under Art. 2(4) of the United States Constitution whose budget director gave them an inch of kerosene and they burnt a mile. The bear and deer protest the animal cruelty of forest labor. The workers kill humans with knives those who are not slain by their breath or burnt in their sleeping bag. Similar to farmers who turn in their Roundup to poison control center, only those whose corporations whose fire district provides a receipt for the forfeiture of all their kerosene and intent to burn would be prequalified for disability, like honest loggers who contribute for ten quarters and decide the risks are too great after a disabling injury. 2. These pyromaniacs leave megatons of slash in hazardously dispersed burn piles, for the hell of fire, to intentionally destroy trails protected by the National Trail System Act, to stalk government contracts near the forest and incidental to commercial logging contracts that never cease. Pyromaniac corporations are not believed to be a legal forest practice. Pyromaniac management and workers are a harm to themselves, others and extremely destructive to the environment, forest, animal habitat, air, public health, labor force and political quality.  Pyromaniacs may be institutionalized in prison for arson or given unemployment compensation with pre-qualification for disability insurance under Washington v Harper (1990). Slash and burn forest labor must be prohibited by law. The slash piles must be dismantled, chipped or chucked and the state only pays $10 an acre. Although the National Park Service of the Department of Interior is the end of the law, it is the invention of  litter kerosene huffers obsess Congress about, and the USDA Forest Service's $36 million payout bond to the county per square mile catastrophically slashed and burned. How much wood could a wood-chuck chuck if a wood-chuck could chuck wood? State and county forestry, park and fire districts need to supervise and staff the  chipper near roads and chuck wood piles so that the limbs are so lightly scattered in forests they would not cause a forest fire if ignited with kerosene, not too close to trees or low hanging branches, Fire under 36CFR261.5. F. In 2016, 79.9 million workers age 16 and older in the United States were paid at hourly rates, representing 58.7 percent of all wage and salary workers. Among those paid by the hour, 701,000 workers earned exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. About 1.5 million had wages below the federal minimum. Together, these 2.2 million workers with wages at or below the federal minimum made up 2.7 percent of all hourly paid workers. In the forest sector, trails, especially trails more than 100 miles long, are the only beneficial subsidy. Workers are volunteer or paid less than minimum wage and work in pyogenic conditions to restore burned woodlands. Large increases in wages however strain labor budgets and previous irregular attempts to raise the federal minimum wage have always resulted in layoffs. Wages should increase 3% annually to stay ahead of 2.7% consumer price inflation. A 3% annual raise is necessary for any poverty elimination strategy to be effective. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) needs to be amended to provide for a 3% annual raise from $7.25 to '$7.50 in 2018 and 3% annual raise every year thereafter.' under 29USC206(a)(1)(D). 113 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services A. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) was created in the Social Security Amendments of 2000 by changing the name of the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) that was created in 1977. It has been reported that the Treasury is going to discontinue subsidies (for health insurance corporations with profit margins >10%) under the Affordable Care Act beginning FY 18. Un-redressed CMS accounting error is now the only reason the United States (US) is incapable of joining Hospitals & Asylums (HA) in declaring a federal budget surplus FY 18 under Art. 2 Sec. 2 of the US Constitution. There have been numerous accounting deficiencies in the budget totals of every HHS and CMS congressional budget requests since FY 14. Having abolished the refundable premiums and cost-sharing reductions beginning FY 18 the Treasury Secretary has only to counter-the hyper-inflationary tendencies of HHS to get federal health outlays under the $1 trillion limbo bar until 2020 to balance the federal budget and produce an FY 18 surplus with a federal outlay ledger comprised of Cabinet agencies under 31USC101 and Art. 2 Sec. 2 of the U.S. Constitution. 1. The only solution is to reduce all Medicare and Medicaid program payroll tax and general revenues to 3% annual growth from FY 14 in FY 18 and then apply a zero annual benefit spending growth strategy until national health expenditures are less than 10% of GDP. The FY 18 Administration for Families and Children (ACF) congressional budget request is overruled by the ACF FY 17 budget request to redress the failure to pay legal child support obligations under 18USC228. The dead-beat President is condemned to create an independent Cabinet level Department of Human Services (HS) to sustain 4% family and child benefit spending growth FY 18 under 31USC101. Due diligence of the trillion dollar federal health outlay limbo bar until 2020 is needed to boost morale for long-term reductions in national health expenditures of all types to less than 10% of gross domestic product (GDP). The FY 15 Medicaid overpayment precipitated a relapse of premium hyper-inflation beginning 2016. Medicare premium revenue inflation has become un-audit-able. To reconcile national health accounts and redress medical hyper-inflation, it is essential that inflation in federal health budget requests be re-estimated at a rate of 3% annual growth from FY 14, effective FY 18. Can Dr. Price's opiate-inion get federal health outlays under the $1 trillion limbo bar without cheating? B. Federal outlays for Medicare are estimated by Part A payroll tax revenues and Part B & D general revenues from the 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Trust Fund and Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund FY 14-17. Federal outlays are estimated for Medicaid from 2016 CMS Statistics with 3% benefit spending and 2.5% administrative spending growth from FY 14, as is believed to have actually occurred due to the law of diminishing returns, any extra federal Medicaid spending due to the unequal state share can just be written off as money-printed. Medicaid accounting hasn't recovered from the FY 15 overestimates when 15.9% expansion of the Medicaid population caused a -6% decrease in the health care work force who actually benefit from health insurance payments. Rows containing duplicitous inter-agency transfers such as Health Care Fraud and Abuse (HCFA) are deleted from the Medicaid federal outlay ledger. Low estimates of federal outlays are needed for administration and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) due to off-budget and state revenues. CMS Total Federal Outlays 2014-2020 (billions) Year2014201520162017201820192020Total CMS Outlays806855926.2921.7908.1917.3934Part A227.4241.1253.5267.2255.9255.0250.0Part B188.4203.9235.6215.5210.0200.0200.0Part D58.168.482.471.971.568.066.6Sub-Total Medicare473.9513.4571.5554.6533.4549.4565.9Medicaid317326336346357350350CHIP9.09.312.314.511.011.011.0Administration6.16.36.46.66.76.97.1Total CMS806855926.2921.7908.1917.3934Source: 2016 CMS Statistics. CMS Office of Financial Management. March 2017; 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees for the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund. July 2017 1. FY 14-17 Medicare spending is defended by the Part A HI payroll tax and Part B & D general revenues in the 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees for the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund of July 2017. The HI payroll tax is growing 6% annually and HI spending has stabilized at 2.1% growth. After experimentally reducing Part B & D outlays FY 17, federal outlays must go down in all three federally financed Medicare plans FY 18 before they begin growing 3% annually from FY 18. Surplus FY 18 HI revenues must either run over into Medicaid price-controlled Part B & D payments or the $281.7 billion generated by the 2.9% HI tax rate must be somehow reduced to $255.9 billion, a tax rate of 2.6%, keep the 0.9% tax on the incomes of the rich - 15.0% Federal Income Contribution Act FY 18 and going down. CMS Annually Appropriated Accounts FY12 - FY17 (millions) Accounts20122013201420152016201716-17 % Change2018Program Management3,8204,8215,2173,9753,9754,1103.4%4,110HCFAC5816103116726817256.5%725Medicaid Grants to States 270,724251,359248,209354,917356,818377,5875.8%357,000Payments to Health Insurance Trust Funds230,741251,359255,185268,212283,172299,1885.7%281,500General Revenues Total 505,866508,149508,922627,776644,646681,6105.7%643,335HI Tax 205,700220,800227,400241,100253,500267,2005.4%255,900CMS Federal Outlays711,566728,949736,322868,876898,146949,8105.8%899,235Source: Slavitt, Andrew M. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). FY 2017 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committee. Department of Health and Human Services. 2016; Tavenner Mary. CMS. FY 2013-16 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committee. Department of Health and Human Services. 2012-16, 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund. July 14, 2017 pg. 54 3. The CMS Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committees needs to add total HI payroll tax receipts to produce federal outlay statistics that could be utilized under 31USC101. The FY 17 CMS Budget request has been overruled by Part B & D cuts to General Fund appropriations. CMS is going into a second year of cuts FY 18 to achieve 3% annual growth from FY 14, the last year HHS was accountable, including reducing receipts from the 2.9% HI tax and 2.6% of taxable wage HI spending limit, before 3% annual health inflation becomes the generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP). CMS Congressional Budget Authority FY 16  FY 18 (billions) Year201620172018Total CMS 1,1071,1151,124Part A290.8306.0298.1Part B313.2302.8311.4Part D106.299.0100.8Sub-Total Medicare710.2707.8710.3Medicaid Federal336346357Medicaid State 37.038.139.3CHIP Federal12,314.511.0CHIP State and Other2.02.11.0Administration6.56.05.6Total CMS 1,1071,1151,124Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund. July 14, 2017 C. Congressional budget authority is equal to total agency revenues. HHS has been underestimating congressional budget authority, nearly as much as it has been overestimating federal outlays above 3% annual growth since the last accountable year  FY 14, effective FY 18. CHIP and Medicaid spending total are the sum of state and federal spending. However, because the amount of state spending is disputed at this time it is excluded from the total congressional budget authority, to reduce sticker shock. A table on congressional budget authority is needed to crunch the national health expenditure table and be finally done with health inflation until 2020. The administration of Medicare and Medicaid locally shall be appointed by the Secretary from a substantial number of the licensed doctors of medicine and osteopathy engaged in the practice of medicine or surgery in the area and who are representative of the practicing physicians in the area. At least one consumer shall also participate in the board to assure that adequate peer review is provided by the administrators of Medicare and Medicaid to the various medical specialties and subspecialties to ensure that services and items paid for were reasonably and medically necessary under Sec. 1154 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XI-B1320c-3. 114 Medicare A. In 1965, five Social Security Amendments established the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund as a separate accounts in the U.S. Treasury and the Medicaid Program. Medicare the health insurance program for the elderly began on July 1, 1966. Medicare is available to any United States citizen over 65 years of age who is eligible for Social Security or certain other government benefits. For HI, the primary source of financing is the payroll tax on covered earnings. Employers and employees each pay 1.45 percent of earnings, while self-employed workers pay 2.9 percent of their net income. Other HI revenue sources include a portion of the federal income taxes that people pay on their Social Security benefits, and interest paid on the U. S. Treasury securities held in the HI trust fund. In 1973 the program was extended to cover younger disabled people who had been eligible for Social Security or Railroad Retirement benefits for at least 24 months, most people with end-stage kidney disease, and some aged people who did not otherwise qualify who wished to pay a premium to join the program. When Medicare began, some 19,000 people enrolled. By 2000, the program served about 39 million people, including 95 percent of the aged population and about 5 million disabled people younger than 65. Initially Medicare covered only hospital insurance, Part A, Hospital Insurance (HI). Medicare was later expanded to cover physician visits and certain other medical services, a section of the program known as Part B, or Supplemental Medical Insurance. Part C was included in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 to provide Medicare + Choice . In 2006 the Part D Prescription Drug Program was created. Medicare Part A is paid for primarily by mandatory payroll taxes levied on both employers and employees, while Part B and D are paid for by a combination of premiums from beneficiaries, covering about one-fourth of the program's costs and contributions from general federal revenues. Within 30 days from the receipt of the claim Medicare shall notify the patient of the claims. The claim shall then be paid at, or before, the end of the quarter 42USC(7)XVIII1395b-7. Requests for Medicare payment are processed within 90 day, 1 quarter from receipt; claims that are not immediately settled receive a fair hearing no later than 120 days after receipt under Sec. 1869 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395ff. 1. The Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) needs the Medicare Actuary to stop predicting +/- 5.2% annual growth in all three Medicare programs. Medicare spending has grown so fast, for so long, Medicare must be punished for the $1,000 a night hospital bills. Medicare cuts will be needed to get under the trillion dollar federal health outlay limbo bar in 2020 and ultimately reduce national health expenditures NHE to <10% of the GDP by 2030. To reduce NHE to 10% of GDP FY 18 after the 2.6% HI tax spending limit to achieve 3% growth from FY 14 in all three Medicare programs, NHE would have to be reduced another -$965 billion from $2,978 billion to $2,013 billion. The federal government could get NHE to <10% of GDP FY 18 by completely abolishing CMS but the United States (US) is unprepared for such an event unforseen by the World Health Organization (WHO). The trillion dollar federal health spending limbo bar until 2020 is on fire (120,000 acres). The concept of Medicare matching funds has come to offend Say's law that aggregate demand equals Medicaid prices. Matching funds must be discontinued in both Medicare and Medicaid programs to free the people and states from being billed by a hyper-inflationary federal organization. Unlike every other agency in the Cabinet federal health outlays need to go down for some time. The interim objective is reduce total outlays gradually because 3% annual health inflation is the rule of law that has been broken since the creation of the Medicare program in 1965 and if the un-administrable accounting fraud since FY 14 is cut it does not seem necessary for there to be any actual deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. The HI tax is believed to be the root cause for the health hyperinflation billed neoplastic and normally surgically removed by wide-excision, but health subsidies are considered a vital organization that should grow 3% annually, faster than government that grows 2.5% annually. Private health insurance has come up with accurate premium revenues estimates that are $400 billion less. States save >$100 billion FY 18 by sustaining the 10% Medicaid state share. The HI payroll tax is the toughest federal health nut to crack, it requires due process of the 2.9% HI tax Federal Income Contributions Act (FICA) calculus, the social security actuary is particularly unable to perform. Hyperinflation must be countered in all areas of health care finance. B. Benefits (1) will be provided economically and only when, and to the extent, medically necessary; (2) will be of a quality which meets professionally recognized standards of health care; and (3) will be supported by evidence of medical necessity and quality in such form and fashion and at such time as may reasonably be required by a reviewing peer review organization in the exercise of its duties and responsibilities under Sec. 1156 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1320c-5. The beneficiary assistance program shall provide assistance, information and counseling with respect to the Medicare program, (a) eligibility, (b) benefits (both covered and not covered), (c) the process of payment for services, (d) rights and process for appeals of determinations, (e) peer review organizations, fiscal intermediaries, and carriers and (f) recent legislative and administrative changes in the Medicare program. C. Health agencies must protect and promote the rights of each individual under its care, including each of the following rights set forth in Sec. 1891 of Title XVIII 42USC(7)XVIII-D1395bbb. 1. The right to be fully informed in advance about the care and treatment to be provided by the agency, to be fully informed in advance of any changes in the care or treatment to be provided by the agency that may affect the individual's well-being, and to participate in planning care and treatment or changes in care or treatment. 2. The right to voice grievances with respect to treatment or care that is furnished without discrimination or reprisal for voicing grievances. 3. The right to confidentiality of the clinical records. 4. The right to have one's property treated with respect. 5. The right to be fully informed orally and in writing (in advance of coming under the care of the agency, and in regards to all treatments). 115 Hospital Insurance Trust Fund A. The Federal Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund is financed with a 2.9% payroll tax, plus 0.9% tax on the incomes of the wealthy under Section 1817 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395i. The source of health hyperinflation and the oil price hyperinflation crisis in the early 1970s seems to be that the HI payroll tax revenues increase at an average annual rate of about six percent. 6% is twice the 3% usual growth rate for health care, social work, and education welfare professional subsidy programs. To reduce HI finance the HI Trust Fund payroll tax revenues need to be cut to an estimated 2.6% FY 18 to achieve the arbitrary goal of reducing health spending estimates to 3% annual growth from the last accurate accounting in FY 14. Hospital The best way to account for the theoretical 0.3% FY 18 federal spending reduction of 2.9% HI tax to 2.6% federal outlays for Part A is to reduce the payroll tax $281.7 billion FY 18 to the desired federal outlay figure of $255.9 billion FY 18 for the HI Trust Fund, a reduction of $11.3 billion, - 4.2%, from $268.2 billion in FY 17, and $25.8 billion in undistributed offsetting receipts, to reduce the federal deficit at year end. Federal Hospital Insurance (HI) spending would continue to go down to 2.5% FY 19 and 2.3% FY20 for the nice round figure of $250 billion federal health outlays to hospitals for zero growth until national health expenditures (NHE) are less than 10% of gross domestic product (GDP). Because there is interest and other income total revenues would grow benefit spending would remain frozen at the 2017 rate of $290 billion until 2020 when the precisely zero growth in $250 billion federal outlays would result in net revenue increases and moderate growth could begin to be estimated significantly less than 3% annual growth promised to health benefits when NHE is <10% of GDP by 2030. It seems more graceful to gradually go down to $250 billion federal outlays FY 20 by freezing benefit payments at $290 billion FY 18  FY 20. The tax rate in the left column is rounded. The precise tax rate figure is not very important because payroll tax revenues tend to grow faster than cancer cells. It seems best to keep budget total cuts gradual and health inflation expectations before settling on these nice round numbers in FY 20 for a zero growth policy to maintain total federal health outlays <$1 trillion until NHE is <10% of GDP. Operations of Medicare Part A Hospital Insurance Trust Fund 2014-2020 (billions) YearPayroll TaxesIncome from taxation of benefitsRailroad Retirement Account TransfersReimbursement for uninsured personsPremiums from voluntary enrolleesInterest and OtherTotal IncomeBenefit PaymentsAdministrative expensesTotal expensesNet changeFund at the end of the year14227.418.10.60.23.311.7261.2264.94.5269.3-8.1197.315241.120.20.60.23.210.1275.4273.45.5278.9-3.5193.816253.523.00.70.23.310.1290.8280.54.9295.45.4199.117267.224.50.60.13.69.9306.0290.15.1295.210.8209.918281.727.10.60.13.710.7324.0301.85.5307.316.7226.62.6255.927.10.60.13.710.7298.1290.15.5295.62.5212.42.6250.027.10.60.13.710.7292.2285.05.5290.51.7211.619297.529.90.60.13.911.6343.6321.65.9327.516.1242.72.5255.029.90.60.13.911.5301.0290.05.5295.55.5217.92.1250.029.90.60.13.911.7296.2290.05.5295.50.7212.320314.032.90.70.14.212.4364.2344.76.3351.013.2255.92.3250.032.90.70.14.212.1300.0290.05.5295.54.5222.42.3250.032.90.70.14.212.1300.0293.05.5298.51.5213.8Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund. pg. 57 Payroll tax revenues are settled 3% growth from FY 14 in FY 18, zero FY 19 to FY 20, the payroll tax rate in the left column is a rounded approximation of figures, rather than calculated at 0.1% annual reduction in spending 2.9% HI tax rate spent on the HI trust fund beginning with a 0.3% cut FY 18. 1. The HI Trust Fund must reduce benefit spending to account for reduced payroll tax revenues to reduce federal outlays and national health expenditures. Zero growth in payroll tax revenues and benefit spending will gradually reduce the percentage of wages taxed and spent by the HI Trust Fund by about a tenth of a percent annually. Zero growth until 2020. Nearly every year is a negative hospital and health employment year. By reducing the HI Trust Fund payroll tax revenues to $255.9, total revenues are reduced from $324 billion to $298.1 billion. It therefore seems best to reduce expected HI Benefit payments from $301.8 billion with $16.7 billion in net asset to zero growth from FY 17 $290.1 billion with $2.5 billion net assets FY 18, after requested administrative growth. Zero to 3% growth in payroll tax revenues FY 19. Zero hospital bills it is. $255.0 billion HI payroll tax revenues approximates a 2.5% payroll tax. After hiring in FY 18 it seems best to freeze administrative growth at $5.5 billion in FY 19. In FY 2020 HI payroll tax revenues will be reduced to $250 billion, benefit spending will remain $290 billion. Zero growth is the arbitrary penalty for the hyperinflation caused by not sharing the 6% annual payroll tax revenue. If these were not neoplastic hyperinflation felons we were dealing with it would be nice to capitalize on the 6% annual growth in payroll tax revenues so that HI benefit spending would increase 1%. Excess payroll tax revenues after positive net assets, would be used to pay for Medicare Parts B and D and Medicaid benefits to reduce total federal outlays for Center for Medicare, Medicaid Service (CMS), Health and Human Services (HHS) and White House Office of Management and Budget (WHOMB). B. Hospital insurance, Part A of Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, is provided for all people insured under old age and disability insurance provisions, and otherwise uninsured people who are entitled to transitional hospital insurance on the basis of need. Worse than uninsured, ineligible for Medicaid prices. Part A Hospital Insurance covers the emergency medical care, hospitalization and hospice care of the uninsured under Sec. 1812 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395d. In the case of a hospital that has a hospital emergency department, if any individual, whether or not eligible for benefits, comes to the emergency department and a request is made on the individual's behalf for examination or treatment for a medical condition, the hospital must provide for an appropriate medical screening examination within the capability of the hospital's emergency department, including ancillary services routinely available to the emergency department, to determine whether or not an emergency medical condition exists under Sec. 1867 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395dd. 1. All hospital claims are paid, giving priority to the aged and disabled, by reducing the share of the federal government to 45% of the total cost of hospital claims payable so long as the patient continues to have the disability under 42USC1395i-2. Matching fund requirements need to be repealed because the identity theft is too much to bear. People and states pay for hospitals and health care because of the law of supply and demand. The federal government is prohibited to interfere with medical matters. Part A has two hyper-inflationary problems. By paying only a partial share of the hospital bill Medicare Part A is not protecting the patient from being unlawfully billed at all, nor are the prices fairly negotiated. Because so few patients pay their 65% share, the Medicare bill is nearly as artificially inflated as private insurance claims. Because HI pays for hospital overhead it is not a simple matter of saying Medicaid prices. To stop the hospital bills completely, and capitalize on the economy of scale of the hospital, anonymous capitation is preferred for hospital finance, negative, zero or 1% HI benefit growth? Hospital profits should not exceed 4%. Skilled staff would be paid fee for service by CMS to relieve Medicare Parts B and D and Medicaid costs. It has long been held that administration and billing should definitely be laid off to redress the dramatic increase in medical bankruptcies from 5% to 67% between 1980 and 2010. 2. The scope of entitlement to the payment of benefits in Medicare Part A in Sec. 1812 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395d is for inpatient hospital services, post-hospital extended care services, home health services, and hospice care during any spell of illness; including: 1. inpatient hospital services or inpatient critical access hospital services up to 150 days; 2. psychiatric hospitalization is limited to 21 days of reimbursement; 3. post-hospital extended care services for up to 100 days; 4. hospice care with respect to the individual during up to two periods of 90 days each and an unlimited number of subsequent periods of 60 days. Medicare needs to prioritize reducing and eliminating spending for psychiatry, psychiatric drugs and psychiatric hospitals. C. Hospital construction was federally funded on the condition that the hospitals provide free or reduced cost care to the poor under the 1946 Hill-Burton Hospital Survey and Construction Act, P.L. 79-725. The right to arbitration in all disputes that may arise between a construction company and a hospital is guaranteed by Moses H. Cone Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp. 460 US 1 (1983). For the purposes of the Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility program, acute care inpatient services do not exceed 25 beds and the number of beds used at any time for acute care inpatient services do not exceed 15 beds for groups of physicians and nurses engaging in activities relating to planning and implementing a rural health care plan; and designating facilities as critical access hospitals for the surrounding 35 mile community and extended hinterland in Sec. 1820 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395i-4. 116 Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund A. The Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund is a premium funded health insurance program provided for in Sec. 1839 of Title XVIII-B of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XVIII-B1395t that receive funds from the General Revenues as needed. The FY 17 cut in SMI general revenues requires that the SMI Trust Fund reduce benefit spending to within 2.5% growth of FY 16 $296.7 billion FY17 for $3.0 billion net change in assets, rather than -$9.9 billion. Benefit hyperinflation does not justify further general revenue increases, in fact, the penalty of zero benefit growth, compounded with projected premium revenues, result in steadily declining demand for general fund revenues. Zero growth until 2020 seems to be $297 to $300 billion SMI benefit payments with general fund outlays going steadily down from $215 billion FY 17, to $210 FY 18 to $200 billion general revenues FY 19 - FY 20. Operations of Part B Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund 2014-2020 (billions) Premium incomeGeneral revenueInterest and other Total incomeBenefit paymentsAdministrative expensesTotal expenseNet changeBalance at end of year1465.6188.55.7259.8261.94.0265.9-6.168.11569.4203.95.7279.0275.83.1279.00.168.21672.1235.65.5313.2289.53.9293.419.888.01780.7215.56.6302.8309.73.1312.8-9.978.080.7215.56.6302.8296.73.1299.83.091.01894.4252.27.0353.7330.23.3333.520.298.294.4210.07.0311.4297.03.3300.311.1102.11999.2267.26.6372.9360.43.5363.99.0107.299.2200.06.6305.8298.03.3301.34.5106.620110.1296.67.1413.8390.23.8394.019.8127.0110.1200.07.1317.2300.03.3303.313.9120.5Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund. pg. 87 1. The amount of the premium is designed to afford one-fourth of the total of the benefits and administrative costs estimated to be payable per capita from the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund for services performed and related administrative costs incurred in such calendar year with respect to such enrollees and any credit due in Section 1839 of the Social Security under 42USC1395r. Aged persons who enrolled in the medical insurance plan paid a monthly premiums which was initially set at $3. Provision was made for these premiums to be deducted from the monthly benefits of persons who receive social security, railroad retirement, or civil service retirement cash payments. Uninsured persons enrolled in the medical insurance plan make the periodic premium payments directly to the Government. The legislation enabled State welfare programs to purchase medical insurance coverage for uninsured public assistance recipients. For each enrolled individual the Federal Government is required to match the amount of their monthly premium payment with an equal amount paid from general funds. Non-social security beneficiaries who become eligible for Part B at age 65 pay the full-price of the premium and the matching subsidy. In 2014 the initial threshold was $85,000 for an individual tax return and $170,000 for a joint return. The thresholds are not indexed to inflation in the years 2011 through 2019 but are indexed thereafter. Individuals exceeding the threshold will pay premiums covering 35, 50, 65, or 80 percent of the average program cost for aged beneficiaries, depending on their income level, compared to the standard premium covering 25 percent. The 10% increase in the price of premiums only improve the ratio of premium revenues to benefit payments from 0.25 to 0.27. Medicare Part B Premium Inflation 1967-2020 Year Monthly Premium% Change from Prior YearYearMonthly Premium% Change from Prior Year19673.00100%199441.1012.3%19684.0033.3%199546.1012.2%19694.000199642.50-7.8%19704.000199743.803.1%19715.3017.5%199843.80019725.605.7%199945.503.9%19735.803.6%200045.50019746.306.4%200150.009.9%19756.706.3%200254.008%19766.700200358.708.7%19777.207.5%200466.6013.5%19787.706.9%200578.2017.4%19798.206.5%200688.5013.2%19808.706.1%200793.505.6%19819.6010.3%200896.403.1%198211.0014.6%200996.400198312.2010.9%2010110.5014.6%198414.6019.7%2011115.404.4%198515.506.2%201299.90-13.4%198615.5002013104.905%198717.9015.5%2014104.900198824.8038.6%2015104.900198931.9028.6%2016121.8016.1%199028.60-10.3%2017134.0010.0%199129.904.5%2018134.000%199231.806.4%2019134.000%199336.6015.1%2020139.000%Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund. July 2017. pg. 201 2. Zero inflation in $134 premiums is planned by the Board of Trustees 2018-2019 and 3.7% growth to $139 in 2020. Hyperinflation in premium amounts, downgraded to 16.1% from an even higher initial budget request in 2016 and 10% in 2017 are again checked with three years of planned zero growth in premiums 2018-2019. Sec. 1840 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395s provides monthly premiums shall usually be collected by deducting the amount thereof from the amount of such monthly benefits. Such deduction shall be made in such manner and at such times as the Commissioner of Social Security shall by regulation prescribe. The Secretary of the Treasury shall, from time to time, transfer from the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund or the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund to the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund the aggregate amount deducted for the period to which such transfer relates from benefits under Section 202 or 223 Title II of the Social Security Act as codified at 42USC402 and 423. Such transfer shall be made on the basis of a certification by the Commissioner of Social Security and shall be appropriately adjusted to the extent that prior transfers were too great or too small. The Actuary admits, Part B premiums may vary from the standard rate because a hold-harmless provision can lower the premium rate for individuals who have their premiums deducted from their Social Security benefits. On an individual basis, this provision limits the dollar increase in the Part B premium to the dollar increase in the individual s Social Security benefit, the person affected pays a lower Part B premium, and the net amount of the individual s Social Security benefit does not decrease despite the greater increase in the premium. B. Part B covers the cost of physicians, home care and medical services under Sec. 1832 of Title XVIII-B 42USC(7)XVIII-B1935k. 1. Clinical laboratory services; 2. Physical therapy services; 3. Occupational therapy services; 4. Radiology services, including magnetic resonance imaging, computerized axial tomography scans, and ultrasound services; 5. Radiation therapy services and supplies; 6. Durable medical equipment and supplies (including eyeglasses); 7. Parenteral and enteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies; 8. Prosthetics, orthotics, and prosthetic devices and supplies; 9. Home health services; 10. Outpatient prescription drugs; 11. Inpatient and outpatient hospital services; 12. Physicians for preventative yearly check-ups and diagnostic laboratory tests. Hyperinflation in total federal benefit payments needs to redressed with zero growth policy of around $298 billion to $300 billion FY 18-FY 20. Operations of Medicare Part D Drug Plan Trust Fund 2014-2020 (billions) Premium incomeGeneral revenueTransfer from StatesInterest and otherTotal incomeBenefits paymentsAdministrative expensesTotal expensesNet changeBalance at end of year1411.458.18.70.078.277.70.478.10.11.11512.868.48.90.090.089.50.389.80.31.31613.882.410.00.0106.299.50.5100.06.37.61715.471.911.40.098.798.80.599.2-0.57.115.471.911.40.2598.9598.550.599.050.17.71817.074.412.00.0103.4102.30.5102.80.67.717.071.512.00.3100.8100.00.5100.50.38.01919.384.412.90.0116.6115.30.5115.80.88.519.368.012.90.3100.5100.00.5100.508.02021.691.414.10.0127.1125.90.5126.40.79.320.066.614.10.3101.0100.00.5100.50.58.5Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund pg. 105 C. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Pub. L. 108-173) implemented by Sec. 1927 of Title XIX of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XIX1396r-8. The $37.4 billion Medicare prescription drug plan began its first year in 2006 with a $37.4 billion budget. Like Part B, Part D benefit spending growth overestimates were not reduced to accommodate the reduced general revenues FY 17. Due diligence. To afford FY 17 it is necessary is to both account for 3.4% t-bond interest of $7.6 billion assets FY16 for $250 million and reduce benefit spending by $250 million for $100 million net change in assets at year end FY 17. Because drug prices have inflated it seems best to stop benefit spending growth at exactly $100 billion in annual benefit payments FY 17  FY 20. General fund revenues go down as the result of the demand reduction. Premium revenues continue to increase as predicted. Part D Premiums 2006-2019 YearPremiumYearPremium200632.20201331.17200727.34201432.42200827.93201533.13200930.36201634.10201031.94201735.63201132.34201837.54201231.08201940.11Source: 2017 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund. July 2017. pg. 201 1.  No opes . Instead of giving outpatients psychiatric drugs they should be prescribed Amantadine to cure in one dose most flus, the potentially lethal extra-pyramidal side-effects of anti-psychotic medicine and treat Parkinson's disease. The national epidemic of excruciating pain, heart attack and stroke deaths are largely the result of hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus + pyromania acquired Streptococcus pyogenes = toxic shock syndrome. Although Strep can be cured with just about any unadulterated antibiotic, doxycycline, the once a day antibiotic, treats hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in adults over the age of 8, Clindamycin for children under the age of 8 and pregnant women. Metronidazole (Flagyl ER) treats joints, gout, generalized anxiety disorder and gastrointestinal (GI) infection including that of antibiotic resistant Clostridium difficile almost eliminating the need to eat yoghurt. $1 hydrocortisone creme is anti-inflammatory and cures Aspergillus niger. 117 Medicaid A. Medicaid was enacted in 1965 as a companion to Medicare in Title XIX of the Social Security Act. The Medicaid Program provides medical benefits to groups of low-income people, some who may have no medical insurance or inadequate medical insurance. Sums shall be made available to the State on the basis of the Secretary s approval of Medical assistance on behalf of families with dependent children and of aged, blind, or disabled individuals, whose income and resources are insufficient to meet the costs of necessary medical services, and rehabilitation and other services to help such families and individuals attain or retain capability for independence or self-care under Sec. 1902 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1396a. Although the Federal government establishes general guidelines for the program, the Medicaid program requirements are actually established by each State. Whether or not a person is eligible for Medicaid depends upon the State where he or she lives. The provision of medical relief to beneficiaries (a) will be provided economically and only when, and to the extent, medically necessary; (b) will be of a quality which meets professionally recognized standards of health care; and (c) will be supported by evidence of medical necessity at Sec. 1156 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1320c-5. Judicial review of Medicaid claims is a right in all cases exceeding $2,000 in value. Smaller claims regarding dishonor valued over $200 are referred to the Secretary under Sec. 1151 of Title XI of the Social security Act under 42USC1320c-4. Medicaid pays approximately 1 in 5 health care dollars and 1 in 2 nursing home dollars. States should leave nursing home residents with 30% of their pension, down to $300, instead of $30 a month. The most important thing is to treasure the >$100 billion a year in savings achieved by 10% state Medicaid share, it is the only health spending reduction achieved by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The 10% state share must be made permanent. The 10% state share is the nation's first significant step towards reducing national health expenditures to less than 10% of GDP by 2030. Medicaid prices must be made the standard for health insurance benefit payments and out-of-pocket health care expenses. Medicaid Outlays, State, Federal and Total FY 13  FY 20 (billions) YearFY 13FY 14FY 15FY 16FY 17FY 18FY 19FY 20Medicaid total 407352362373384396389389Federal 235317326336346357350350State 17234.935.937.038.139.338.538.5Source: Health United States 2014; 2016 CMS Statistics, HHS FY 18 1. Federal outlays for Medicaid grew an estimated 10.7% FY 15 to $350.5 billion, $332.9 billion plus $17.6 billion in state and local administration, from 2014 when federal outlays for Medicaid were estimated at $316.7 billion, $301.5 plus $15.2 billion state and local administration. In 2015 Medicaid  program expenditures were estimated $552.3 billion, up 37%, 7.3% annually from $403.9 billion in 2010 and up 166%, 11% annually, from $208 billion in 2000. Medicaid total program expenditures includes Federal and State shares for benefits and administration, the Federal and State shares of the cost of Medicaid survey/certification and State Medicaid fraud control units, and outlays for the Vaccines for Children program. These amounts do not include the SMI transfer to Medicaid for Medicare Part B premium assistance for low-income beneficiaries, nor do they include the Medicare Part D compensation to States for low-income eligibility determinations in the Part D Drug program. The reason program expenditures are so much higher than federal outlays is because 2016 CMS Statistics both overestimates 10% state outlays and does not attempt to precisely estimate state spending at all. Going forward from FY 18 it seems that the federal government should plan for zero dollar Medicaid spending growth of $350 billion and states $38.5 billion until 2020. Total benefit payments could increase if Medicaid prices and benefit payment service were offered to out-of-pocket health care consumers avoiding bankruptcy, and insurance companies to redress extortionate health insurance premium increases ostensibly justified in health cost inflation all resulting from the practice of unequal extortion of the rich with promises of unequal treatment  single payer Medicaid prices  you may not be billed . 2. At the inception of the Medicaid program in 1967 annual benefit outlays were $1.9 billion, after the oil price crisis in 1980 total Medicaid spending had increased to $23.9 billion total, $13.2 billion federal, $10.7 billion state. In 2010 Medicaid spent $386 billion total benefit outlays, $266 billion federal, $120 billion state spending in 2010. In 2014 net expenditures reported by the states, included medical assistance payments only, excluded administrative expenses and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). $470.3 billion total payments computable for federal funding with a federal share of $284 billion, to both of these numbers are added $15.2 billion for Medicaid State and local administration, for $485.5 billion total $299.2. billion federal and $186.3 billion state outlays in 2014, respectively. In 2015 total Medicaid benefit outlays were estimated at $552 billion, $348 billion federal, $204 billion state share and Vaccine for Children program. Total Medicaid benefit outlays of $552 billion in 2015 was 13.7% more than $485.5 billion in 2014. $348 billion federal outlays 2015 was 16.1% more than $299.2 billion in 2014. The $204 billion state share in 2015 billion was 9.5% more than $186.3 billion in 2014. In the Medicaid expansion between FY 14 and FY 15 the average monthly number of adult Medicaid enrollees are reported to have increased 33% by 9-10 million from 31.0 million to 40.5 million adult enrollees, plus another 28 million children. 3. Medicaid total benefit expenditure figures for the period FY 14 - 16 are thought to be hyper-inflated for several reasons found in 2016 CMS Statistics. Medicaid benefit spending represents total benefits estimated to be paid from state and federal treasuries, not just general tax-revenues. The primary prove-able reason for the overestimation of total Medicaid spending is that to facilitate the enrollment expansion in 2014 state obligations were reduced from 40-50% to 10%. However, $186.3 billion state and other share was 38.4% of $485.5 billion total benefit outlays in 2014 and $204 billion state and other share was 37% of $552 billion. To comply with the state share being 10% of the federal share the state share of expenditures needs to be reduced to 11% of federal expenditures of $299.2 billion federal + $32.9 billion state = $332 billion total expenditure, $99.1 billion less than $485.5 billion total estimate in 2014. The $348 billion federal + $38.3 billion = $386.4 billion, $165.6 billion less than the $552 billion total estimate in 2015. The one-time 16% increase in federal outlays FY 14-15 results in a -20.4% reduction in total Medicaid spending 2015 under the operation of the 10% state 90% federal Medicaid outlays. The federal medical assistance percentage (FMAP) is the share of total Medicaid expenditures the federal government pays. The FMAP varies from state to state and is determined annually by a statutory formula designed to account for income variation across the states. For fiscal year (FY) 2009, the FMAP ranged from 50 percent in California and several other states to 75.84 percent in Mississippi. Overall, the federal government finances an average of 57 percent of all Medicaid costs annually. There is no cap on the amount the federal government pays: the more a state spends the more it receives from the federal government. The Affordable Care Act changed the Medicaid program from state to federal control by changing the reimbursement rate to 90% federal 10% state. 4. To make progress reducing national health expenditures to less than 10% of GDP it is important that 10% state / 90% federal Medicaid outlay arrangement be fully appreciated to ensure that it is sustained into the future. 10% state share reduces national health expenditures by $100 billion a year. The cost of the surprise, and as-of-yet unaccounted for state and total Medicaid spending reduction resulting from the operation of the 10% state / 90% federal arrangement has already been born by nurse hourly wages cuts and 6% reduction in healthcare workforce in FY 14, a regular occurrence in its steady decline from a high of 14.4 million in 2005 to 10 million in 2015. The total number of hospital has gone down from 6,522 in 1990, to 5,985 in 2000, up to 6,169 in 2010 to 6,140 in 2015. The number of hospital beds steadily decreased from 1,105,000 in 1990 to 991,000 in 2000 to 928,00 in 2010 before increasing to 932,000 in 2015. There are few other ways in which Medicaid benefit spending might be higher than the combined total of state and federal tax outlays, offsetting receipts incidental to the operation of private health insurance and bankruptcy law that is settled by Medicaid prices and payment, people who leave their money to be administrated to the poor by Medicaid after they die, and Part B payments. 5. Historically, for Medicaid, recipient (beneficiary) counts were used as a surrogate for persons eligible for coverage, as well as for persons utilizing services. Current data systems now allow the reporting of  total eligibles for Medicaid and for Children s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). There continue to be serious overestimations of the amount of benefits administered because the identities of the burgeoning enrollees are mistaken for those of the dwindling health professional beneficiaries. The economy of scale and law of diminishing returns trump the constitution. 72.2 million Americans were eligible for Medicaid in 2013, 22.8% of the 316 million US population. The number of Medicaid Beneficiaries Part B State buy-ins for Medicare totaled 9.5 million in 2015, 5.5 million aged and 4 million disabled. The 9.1 million expansion adults caused Medicaid enrollment to grow 17% FY 13-14 and it is believed to have stabilized at a rate of about 3.5% FY 14-15. 11.2 million expansion adults comprised 15.8% of 70.9 million Medicaid enrollees in 2016. Child Medicaid enrollment stabilized at 28 million FY 14 and 15 and with CHIP rolls increasing from 5.9 million to 6.5 million for the same FY 14-15 period. B. A skilled nursing facility must maintain a quality assessment and assurance committee, under Sec. 1819(B) of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395i-3 (B) consisting of the director of nursing services, a physician designated by the facility, and at least 3 other members of the facility's staff, which meets at least quarterly to identify issues with respect to which quality assessment and assurance activities are necessary and develops and implements appropriate plans of action to correct identified quality deficiencies. 1. Shalala Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Illinois Long Term Care Inc. No. 98-1109 (2000) determined that payment to hospitals and long term care nursing facilities could be terminated only if they immediately jeopardize the health or safety of residents, in which case the Secretary must terminate the home's provider agreement or appoint new, temporary management. Where deficiencies are less serious, the Secretary may impose lesser remedies, such as civil penalties, transfer of residents, denial of some or all payment, state monitoring, and the like. Where a nursing home, though deficient in some respects, is in "[s]ubstantial compliance," i.e., where its deficiencies do no more than create a "potential for causing minimal harm," the Secretary will impose no sanction or remedy at all. 2. A nursing facility must care for its residents in such a manner and in such an environment as will promote maintenance or enhancement of the quality of life of each resident. A nursing facility must provide (or arrange for the provision of) 1. nursing and related services and specialized rehabilitative services to attain or maintain the highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of each resident; 2. medically-related social services to attain or maintain the highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of each resident; 3. pharmaceutical services (including procedures that assure the accurate acquiring, receiving, dispensing, and administering of all drugs and biologicals) to meet the needs of each resident; 4. dietary services that assure that the meals meet the daily nutritional and special dietary needs of each resident; 5. an on-going program, directed by a qualified professional, of activities designed to meet the interests and the physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of each resident; 6. routine dental services (to the extent covered under the State plan) and emergency dental services to meet the needs of each resident; and 7. treatment and services required by mentally ill and mentally retarded residents not otherwise provided or arranged for (or required to be provided or arranged for) by the State at Sec. 1919 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1396r. C. States are required to include certain types of individuals or eligibility groups under their Medicaid plans and they may include others. 1. Families who meet states Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) eligibility requirements in effect on July 16, 1996. 2. Pregnant women and children under age 6 whose family income is at or below 133 % of the Federal poverty level. 3. Children ages 6 to 19 with family income up to 100% of the Federal poverty level. 4. Caretakers (relatives or legal guardians who take care of children under age 18 (or 19 if still in high school)). 5. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients (or, in certain states, aged, blind, and disabled people who meet requirements that are more restrictive than those of the SSI program). 6. Medicaid pays Medicare premiums, deductibles and coinsurance for Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries (QMB) individuals whose income is at or below 100% of the Federal poverty level and whose resources are at or below twice the standard allowed under SSI. 7. All states provide community Long Term Care services for individuals who are Medicaid eligible and qualify for institutional care. D. Medicaid eligibility groups classified as categorically needy are entitled to the following services. These service entitlements do not apply to the CHIP programs. 1. Inpatient hospital and outpatient (excluding inpatient services in institutions for mental disease). 2. Other laboratory and x-ray. 3. Physicians services. Early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment (EPSDT) for children under age 21. 4. Family planning services and supplies. 5.Medical and surgical services of a dentist. 6. Home health services for beneficiaries who are entitled to nursing facility services under the state s Medicaid plan. 7. Home health aides. Medical supplies and appliances for use in the home. 8. Nurse mid-wife services. Pregnancy related services and service for other conditions that might complicate pregnancy and 60 days postpartum pregnancy related services. E. Each State shall establish a pediatric vaccine distribution program (which may be administered by the State department of health), under which each vaccine-eligible child receives an immunization with a qualified pediatric vaccine from a program-registered provider without charge for the cost of such vaccine under Sec. 1928 of Title XIX of the Social Security under 42USC(7)XIX1396s; the registered provider will be shipped an appropriate amount of vaccines free of charge to meet the needs of Medicaid eligible children or be reimbursed for the cost of administering such vaccines. 118 Children s Health Insurance A. The Children s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was originally created under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. CHIP provides health assistance to uninsured, low-income children in an effective and efficient manner that is coordinated with other sources of health benefits coverage for children in Sec. 2102 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1397bb. Since September 1999, every State, the District of Columbia, and all five Territories have approved CHIP plans. CHIP is a partnership between the Federal Government and States and Territories to help provide low-income children under age 19 with health insurance coverage so they can access health care. In general, CHIP reaches children whose families have incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to afford private health insurance. In 2009, CHIP was reauthorized under the Children s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA), which provided an additional $44 billion in funding through Fiscal Year FY 13 and created several new initiatives to improve and increase enrollment in the program. Most recently, the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) extended funding for the program through FY 17. A Child Enrollment Contingency Fund was established for States that predict a funding shortfall based on higher than expected enrollment. The Contingency Fund received an initial appropriation of $2.1 billion in FY 09 and is invested in interest bearing securities of the United States. Payments from the fund are currently authorized through FY 17. Current law provides an increase in each State s enhanced Federal match rate by 23 percentage points, not to exceed a total match rate of 100 percent, between FY 16 and FY 19. 13% state and 87% federal shares of total CHIP national health expenditures are estimated. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Budget Overview FY 16 - FY 18 (millions) Current Law201620172018Change 2018 +/- 2017Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)14,30516,65512,017-4,638Federal12,30514,55511,017-3,538State 2,0002,1001,000-2,000Child Enrollment Contingency Fund532240-224Total Outlays, Current Law14,35816,87912,017-4,862Source: CHIP 1. States with an approved CHIP plan have historically eligible to receive an enhanced Federal matching rate, which will range from 65 to 85 percent. Beginning in FY 16, and effective through FY 19, each State s enhanced Federal matching rate increased by up to 23 percentage points to cover between 88 and 100 percent of total costs for child health care services and program administration, drawn from a capped allotment. In FY 16, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Office of the Actuary estimated that 9.2 million individuals received health insurance funded through CHIP allotments at some point during the year. Approximately 6.3 million individuals were enrolled in CHIP on average throughout the year. A Child Enrollment Contingency Fund was established for States that predict a funding shortfall based on higher than expected enrollment. The Contingency Fund received an initial appropriation of $2.1 billion in FY 09 and is invested in interest bearing securities of the United States. Payments from the fund are currently authorized through FY 17. Current law provides an increase in each State s enhanced Federal match rate by 23 percentage points, not to exceed a total match rate of 100 percent, between FY 16 and FY 19. Without Congressional robbery, CMS estimates States will begin to experience funding shortfalls in December 2017 and all States will run out of funding before the end of FY 18. States no longer honor matching funds for CHIP, CHIP is a federal program protected against deficit by a state financed child enrollment contingency fund. B. In 1999 of the 71.1 million children 61.4 million were covered by health insurance, 86.2%, 47 million, 66.1% were privately insured, 16.5 million, 23.2% were publicly insured and 9.8 million, 13.8% were completely uninsured. Although 82%, 52 million, children enjoy good health, 11% are diagnosed with asthma, 20% suffer from allergies, 8% had a learning disability and 6% suffered from Attention Deficit Disorder. Among children with a usual source of medical care, 76% visited a doctor's office, 21% received care in a clinic, 2% used a hospital. An estimated 3.2 million children had unmet dental needs that their family could not afford. To facilitate the 4 million births that occur in the United States every year services are provided for maternity care and children to reduce infant mortality and preventable disease. Programs are designed to immunize the populace, give health assessments to low income children and pregnant mothers under Sec. 502 of Title V of the Social Security Act under 42USC702. Insurers are prohibited from denying enrollment of child under the health coverage of the child's parent on the ground that  1. the child was born out of wedlock, 2. the child is not claimed as a dependent on the parent's federal income tax return, or 3. the child does not reside with the parent or in the insurer's service area in Sec. 1908A of Title XIX of the Social Security Act under 42USC1396g-1. C. Normal full coverage benefits to low income children include; 1. Inpatient hospital services. 2. Outpatient hospital services. 3. Physician services. 4. Surgical services. 5. Clinic services (including health center services) and other ambulatory health care services 6. Prescription drugs and biologicals including vaccinations 7. Over-the-counter medications. 8. Laboratory and radiological services. 9. Prenatal care and pre-pregnancy family planning services and supplies. 10. Inpatient mental health services or other 24-hour therapeutically planned structured services. 11. Outpatient mental health services, including community-based services. 12. Durable medical equipment and other medically-related or remedial devices (such as prosthetic devices, implants, eyeglasses, hearing aids, dental devices, and adaptive devices). 13. Disposable medical supplies. 14. Home and community-based health care services and related supportive services 15. Nursing care services (such as nurse practitioner services, nurse midwife services, advanced practice nurse services, private duty nursing care, pediatric nurse services, and respiratory care services) in a home, school, or other setting. 16. Abortion only if necessary to save the life of the mother or if the pregnancy is the result of an act of rape or incest. 17. Dental services. 18. Inpatient substance abuse treatment services and residential substance abuse treatment services. 19. Outpatient substance abuse treatment services. 20. Case management services. 21. Care coordination services. 22. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and services for individuals with speech, hearing, and language disorders. 23. Hospice care. 24. Any other medical, diagnostic, screening, preventive, restorative, remedial, therapeutic, or rehabilitative service prescribed by or furnished by a physician or other licensed or registered practitioner. 119 Social Services A. On January 4, 1975, a new Title XX was added to the Social Security Act, which authorized an entitlement to States for the provision of social services. Prior to Title XX, States received matching Federal funds for specified categories of services, with eligibility for the services limited to receipt of public assistance under several titles of the Social Security Act. In 1981, Title XX was amended to establish the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) program. To receive SSBG grants, matching funds are not required. In fiscal year 2005, all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and four insular areas received grants each quarter amounting to $1.7 billion, $6.8 billion FY 15. Subsequently SSBG has been subjected to numerous budget cuts. In FY 17 total revenues for Title XX were estimated to be $2.8 billion for the entire year, $1.6 billion from the ACF budget and $1.2 billion from the TANF budget. It is not known when Title XX began robbing TANF's child and family benefits. It is the SSBG transfer from TANF child and family benefits and total that must be terminated, FY 18, not the regular ACF finance for Title XX. Furthermore, Title XX funds must be exclusively used for the licensed social workers, not for psychiatrists, or mental health services. To redress Title XX deprivation of relief benefits in Title XX programs there are three issues that must be solved under 18USC246. First, it is necessary that psychiatrists be forbidden from receiving Title XX funds that must be used to subsidize licensed independent social workers. Second, it is necessary for total FY 18 federal outlays for Title XX to grow 2.5% from FY 17. Third, this growth in total federal outlays for Title XX must cease to come at the expense of TANF child and family benefits and begin to be entirely accounted for in the regular ACF budget, without fear of threats of budget cuts, and not at all as a transfer from the TANF. Social work reflects good government because social workers are the professional representatives of the poor whose interests are the primary rational development goal of governments worldwide. Total ACF spending must be increased $2.8 billion to afford the entire cost of 2.5% growth from FY 17. TANF total outlays would remain the same and the amount saved by terminating the transfer to SSBG would be transferred to child and family benefits FY 18. Social Services Block Grant FY 15  FY 18 (millions) FY15FY 16FY 17FY 18FY 18Transferred to SSBG from TANF1,1651,2001,2301,2670SSBG from ACF Budget 1,5841,5841,58302,883SSBG Total 2,7492,7842,8131,2672,883Source: TANF FY 18 1. Social Services offers protective services for children and adults, in foster care, services related to the management and maintenance of the home, day care services for adults, transportation services, family planning services, raining and related services, employment services, information, referral, and counseling services, the preparation and delivery of meals, health support services and appropriate combinations of services designed to meet the special needs of children, the aged, the mentally retarded, the blind, the emotionally disturbed, the physically handicapped, and alcoholics and drug addicts; and convicted criminals in Sec. 2001 of Title XX of the Social Security under 42USC(7)XX1397a. The Social Services are consolidated into one federal grant to 1. Achieve or maintain economic self-support to prevent and reduce dependency; 2. Preventing or remedying neglect, abuse, or exploitation of children and adults unable to protect their own interests, or preserving, rehabilitating or reuniting families; 3. Preventing or reducing inappropriate institutional care by providing for community-based care, home-based care, or other forms of less intensive care. B. The concept of charity goes back to human pre-history, has been recorded since ancient times and the practice of providing for the poor has roots in all major world religions. Psalm 72(4) defends the cause of the poor of the people, gives deliverance to the needy, and crushes the oppressor. Jesus counsels in the passage outlawing retaliation in his Sermon on the Mount, Give to everyone who begs from you, and do not refuse anyone who wants to borrow (Matthew 5:42) and whenever you give alms do not sound a trumpet before you like the hypocrites, give alms in secret and your Father who sees in secret will reward you (Matthew 6:2-4). 1. In the West, when Roman Emperor Constantine I legalized the Christian Church, the church set up poorhouses, homes for the aged, hospitals, and orphanages. These were often funded, at least in part, from grants from the Empire. By 590 the church had a system for circulating the consumables to the poor. During the Middle Ages, the Christian church had vast influence on European society and charity was considered to be a responsibility and a sign of one s piety. As there was no effective bureaucracy below city government that was capable of charitable activities, the clergy generally served this role in the west up through the 18th century. 2. Queen Elizabeth, a popular and enlightened monarch as ever ruled, passed a series of bills to redress the increasing poverty problem from the decay of feudalism and dissolution of the monasteries. The 1598 Poor Law Act directed every parish to appoint overseers of the poor to find work for the unemployed and set up parish-houses for poor people who could not support themselves. The 1601 Poor Law Act remained in force until 1834, and is therefore usually referred to as the "old" or "Elizabethan" poor law. The act made provision to levy a compulsory poor rate on every parish, to provide working materials and work and apprenticeships for orphans, to provide relief to the deserving poor, to collect a poor relief rate from property owners and make parents responsible for their children. C. The American Revolution (1775-1783), heavily financed by the French monarchy, was led by wealthy landowners whose democratic philosophy, promotes the general welfare in the Preamble to their Constitution, and is Framed by the classical liberal theory of Adam Smith s Wealth of Nations (1776). The French Revolution (1789-1799) on the other hand, was a political uprising of the starving poor steeped in the philosophy of Voltaire and Jean Jacque Rousseau s Social Contract (1762) whereby the people as a whole would meet regularly in assemblies; abjuring individualism, they would contribute to a  General Will that outlawed all inequality and privilege. With the end of the Ancien Regime in 1789, a social order founded on legally entrenched and inherited hierarchy collapsed. The estates system was abolished, and with it the notion that men were born into particular and tiered stations of society ordained by God. The Church lost its autonomy and popularity to secular society. No longer were the first two estates, the clergy and the aristocracy, to be privileged over the rest of society, the third estate. All men were declared to be legally equal, citizens of a single, coherent nation rather than members of separate estates, corporations and guilds. 1. In the USA the first national pension program for soldiers was actually passed in early 1776, prior even to the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Revolutionary War figure Thomas Paine set forth one of the first proposals for a general retirement pension in Agrarian Justice published in the winter of 1795. James Fillebrown was arrested by a jury for neglecting to establish the retirement home under the Naval Hospital Act of 26 Feb. 1811 and after some delay due to illness, had to be obligated to do so by the U.S. Supreme Court in US v. Fillebrown, Wash. 32 US 28 (1833) 7 Pet.44 I. Ed. 596 on the principle of good purpose was cited by Justice Story in Minis v. US 40 U.S. 423 (1841). 2. The term sociology was first coined by the French essayist Emmanuel Joseph Sieys (1748 1836). The term socialism was not invented until 1830 by Henri Leroux. Many philosophers were involved in the development of socialist ideology and the science of sociology namely three philosophers released from prison after the guillotining of Robespierre, Francois-Noel Babeuf, Comte Henri de Saint-Simon, and Charles Fourier who each, founded a particular strain of socialism, egalitarian Communism, scientific socialism and a more Romantic socialism and were incorporated by Karl Marx (1818-1883) into a grand, synthesis whereby social development followed a series of stages, from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism and then on to Communism. Although Marx advocated worker revolts in the middle of the 19th century were unsuccessful and Marx turned to developing his theories and in socialist parties there was debate between democracy and dictatorship leading to a split between the Social Democrat and the Communist political parties. 3. Strict economic definitions are given regarding the various stages of society.  Primitive communism means collective ownership and use of all goods at a very low technological level.  Slavery means private ownership by individuals of land and human beings.  Feudalism means control, but not ownership, of lands and workers, so the serfs are bound to the land and the king may transfer control of the land from one landlord to another, but the feudal landlord does not own the serf and may not sell him, nor can he sell the land. Under  capitalism capitalists buy and sell land, buy and sell factories and equipment, which become more important than land, and buy workers power to labor, but may not buy or sell worker, as was the case in slavery.  Socialism as defined by the Soviet Union means social ownership of the means of production, with continued differences in wages according to the work done, and purchase of consumer goods for private use.  Communism is said to mean social ownership plus sharing of goods according to  need with no wages or prices. a. The anarchist takes their stand with those who struggle to bring about  the third and last emancipatory phase of history , the first having made serfs of slaves, the second having made wage earners out of serfs, and the third which abolishes the proletariat in a final act of liberation that places control over the economy in the hands of free and voluntary associations of producers. The problem of freeing man from the curse of economic exploitation and political and social enslavement remains the problem of our time. Wage slavery is intolerable. People should not be forced to pay rents they can ill afford. The core of anarchist tradition is that power is always illegitimate, unless it proves itself to be legitimate. So the burden of proof is always on those who claim that some authoritarian hierarchic relation is legitimate. If they can t prove it, then it should be dismantled. Great care must be taken not to accidentally abolish welfare, that must grow, but to abolish the government precisely under the Slavery Convention of 1926 to be free. D. In the 1860s State Board of Charities, Board of Public Charities, Board of Charities and Corrections; sprang up to manage the institutional building boom of reformatories, prisons, mental asylums, poor-houses and orphanages whereas it soon became apparent that these institutions did not solve the problems that created them, but presented new problems in institutional management. The leaders of the boards turned to a new type of charity management: "scientific charity". In the words of historian James Leiby Scientific charity was to be: secular, rational and empirical as opposed to sectarian, sentimental, and dogmatic. 1. After the Civil War in 1893 the US spent $165 million spent on military pensions and was the largest single expenditure ever made by the federal government. In 1894 military pensions accounted for 37% of the entire federal budget. Although some paternalistic employers had always provided token work or retirement stipends for the elderly one of the first formal company pension plans for industrial workers was introduced in 1882 by the Alfred Dolge Company, a builder of pianos and organs. Dolge withheld 1% of each workers pay and placed it into a pension fund, to which the company added 6% interest each year. 2. The first American charity organization society was established in Buffalo, New York in 1877 by the turn of the century virtually every major urban area in America hosted some form of charity organization society. The movement was undermined by a popular new social philosophy of Social Darwinism based on the teachings of Englishman Herbert Spencer. It was said that relief was destructive to society and the poor because it created dependency and sapped their motivation. Charity organization movement broke from earlier traditions by avoiding the dispensation of direct relief. Josephine Shaw Lowell, founder of New York's charity organization, was once asked by a contributor how much money would go directly to the poor and she proudly replied,  Not one cent! 3. In the late 1880s, a new type of philanthropic organization appeared. The settlement movement, as it came to be called, was a new approach to the problems of the city and its poor, and it focused mostly on new immigrants. Settlements focused more on the causes of poverty than the flaws of the poor. Instead of focusing their efforts on changing the individual behaviors and values of the poor, settlement workers tried to change the neighborhoods and expand opportunities for working class people who were poor, but not indigent. By the mid-1890s there were fifty and by 1900 there were more than a hundred recognized settlements. The Phenomenal growth of the settlement movement was fueled by what Jane Addams called the two miseries. The first misery was the plight and trials of the poor. The second misery that nourished the settlement movement was the problems confronting the first contingent of college educated women. Their method of social activism was known as the three Rs  research, reform and residence. Settlements commissioned social surveys regarding the conditions of the poor, they reformed systems and became involved in the labor movements, and they considered themselves neighbors. 4. In 1898, the New York Charity Organization started the first school for social workers. The original curriculum was designed as a six week set of summer classes and included formal lectures and field work. By 1910 five schools of philanthropy had been instituted and by 1920 there were 17 schools of social work that formed the Association of Training Schools of Professional Schools of Social Work, that is now known as the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). Since the first social work class was offered in the summer of 1898 at Columbia University, social workers have led the way developing private and charitable organizations to serve people in need. In solidarity with those who are disadvantaged, the profession strives to alleviate poverty and to liberate vulnerable and oppressed people in order to promote social inclusion. E. At the beginning of the 20th century the movement achieved government recognition. To redress the fact that the United States had the highest rate of infant and maternal mortality of any industrialized country people began advocating for a Children s Bureau. Although the Bill was defeated in 1906 enough political pressure was generated to force the creation of the Children s Bureau in 1912. The Sheppard-Towner bill was introduced in 1918 by Congresswoman Jeanette Rankin. Ms. Rankin was the first congresswoman in the U.S. Congress and a social worker. The proposed legislation provided funds to local health departments for maternal and infant health services and after considerable opposition from conservative legislators was finally signed by the president in 1921. When the act finally expired in 1929, there were more than 3,000 local programs and maternal and infant mortality rates were significantly improved. 1. Plans were made at this conference for the creation of a permanent organization which then evolved into the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The NAACP's first central committee included both William Walling and W.E.B. Du Bois. Medical social work did not become an area of practice until Dr. Richard Cabot introduced a medical social services department at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1905. Seven years after founding the service, a specialty in medical social work was offered by the Boston School of Social Work. Psychiatry was receptive to adding social workers to its teams, thereby creating a new specialty in psychiatric social casework, and by 1920 was fully integrated into the psychiatric team. 2. The 1920s were marked by two laws that many social workers had worked diligently to pass - suffrage and prohibition - as a slice of the larger women's movement. While equal suffrage for women is a necessary social development the prohibition of alcohol sabotaged the integrity of this social progress and the women s movement in general by giving equal suffrage for women constitutional equality with the prurient interest, so willing to use State sanctioned violence to put harmless drunks behind bars. While the social work profession had made substantial gains in status during the twenties, it still needed more prestige. Many social work leaders felt that new advances in social casework and clinical social work had catapulted social work into full professional status. However, the general public continued to view social work as a vocation rather than a profession. Low salaries were a symptom of the problem. A 1930 survey of practicing social workers found that average salaries were 30 percent below that of high school teachers. 3. At the First International Conference on Social Work held in Paris in 1928, the suggestion was made that an International Association of Social Workers be formed. At the Second International Conference on Social Work held in Frankfurt in 1932 provisional statutes of the International Permanent Secretariat of Social Workers (IPSSW) were agreed by 8 founding members  Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. IPSSW was initially based in Berlin. In 1932, the Association of Professional Schools of Social Work, responded to the challenge posed by the rapid expansion of public agencies by adopting a minimum curriculum that required a year of full-time study. In 1934, the Association required that all schools seeking accreditation be affiliated with a college or university and in 1939 requirements increased to include a two year curriculum. Finally at the Fifth International Conference on Social Work held in Paris in 1950 an agreement to form a new body was approved provided that seven national bodies became members  achieved in 1956 when the International Federation of Social Workers was formed in Munich. A new Secretariat was established in New York, sharing office with the National Association of Social Workers. The International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) links professional social workers around the globe. It represents professional social work organizations or coordinating bodies from 80 countries with more than 470,000 social workers in all parts of the world. And it continues to grow. F. Modern social work did not come into its own until President Franklin Delano Roosevelt s social welfare programs of the New Deal, to alleviate the suffering of the Great Depression, were enacted creating a taxpayer financed infrastructure to sustain social welfare on a wide-scale and the social workers responsible for the fulfillment of these new rights. Frances Perkins, a social worker, was the first woman to be appointed to the cabinet of a U.S. President. As President Franklin D. Roosevelt s Secretary of Labor, Perkins drafted much of the New Deal legislation. The American Association of Social Workers testified before the U.S. Senate on the gravity of the crisis. The Social Security Act provided federal support for two social insurance programs that had been already initiated in many states, Unemployment Insurance and Workers' Compensation, as well as the ambitious Old Age, Survivor and Disability Insurance. 1. In the Soviet Union the concept of  social work , as it was called, involved doing an unpaid shift for some worthy cause or serving on a trade union committee and for academics and professionals, it might include giving evening lectures to workers. Social work is a new scientific discipline and profession in Russia and generally there is not a very strong tradition of international social science publication among Russian academics. In the United States, United Kingdom and Western Europe the social work profession and academic discipline evolved in the 19th century to fill the demand for secular, scientific, charity work and came into its own at the dawn of the 20th century, much like the socialist party. The practice and profession of social work has a relatively modern (19th century) and scientific origin. Social work grew out of humanitarian and democratic ideals of socialism and its values are based on respect for the equality, worth, and dignity of all people. At the beginning of the century, Americans possessed a world view that saw God and religion as both the purpose and cause of most life events. Gradually this view changed, and by the end of the century most Americans had a more secular and humanistic view of the world. G. The International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) updated their previous definition of social work from 1982 in their General Meeting in Montreal, Canada in July 2000 whereby  The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being . The National Association of Social Workers Code of the Ethics as approved by the 1996 NASW Delegate Assembly states: The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human wellbeing and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. It is proposed that Sec. 206 of the Social Security Act under 42USC406 should be amended to provide for social workers and non-social worker representatives. Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) need to be replaced with licensed and literate social workers government-wide and the Office of Disability Adjudication and Review Hearings, Appeals and Litigation Law Manual (HALLEX) needs to be edited and judged by a social worker. Unfortunately the NASW Code of Ethics has been hacked so that it no longer forbids billing and testifying. Instead the code forbids disclosure of  confidential deaths, very similar to the Eli Lilly injunction against millions of cases of diabetes and diabetic death from Zyprexa and alcohol, recently fleshed out to explain the 50% mortality rate within 20 years of diagnosis of insulin dependent, juvenile onset, diabetes with one counterfeit injection from jail. This is why licensed professional and volunteer social workers must know  no billing, no testifying and a public funeral. Art. 3 Claims 119 Assistance Applications A. The administrative process is begun when a claim is filed. As required of the Social Security Administration by 20 CFR 404.603. If the claim is administratively denied, regulations permit administrative reconsideration within a six-month period as set forth in 20CFR404.909. Should a request for reconsideration prove unsuccessful, the claimant may, within 60 days, ask for an evidentiary hearing before an administrative law judge under Sec. 205 42USC(7)II405. The types of information being solicited, including the following: (A) Countable income. (B) Countable assets. (C) Wasted resources. (D) Relatives capable of providing assistance. (E) Past or present employment. (F) Pending claims or causes of action. (G) A medical condition if relevant to a disability determination. (H) Any other information required by law. 1. Once an application is made the administrator shall carefully investigate the circumstances of the applicant utilizing the Income and Eligibility Verification System set forth in Sec. 1137 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XI-A132b-7. Income verification is done by a person s social security number under 26USC6103(7)(D)(iii) of the Internal Revenue Code. When petitioners are guilty of falsely misrepresenting themselves the duration of the applicable exclusion period, with respect to the determination by the Commissioner that a person has engaged in administrative misconduct shall be  1. six consecutive months, in the case of the first such determination with respect to the person; 2. twelve consecutive months, in the case of the second such determination with respect to the person; and 3. twenty-four consecutive months, in the case of the third or subsequent such determination with respect to the person under 42USC1320a-8a(c). 2. The privacy and confidentiality of the personally identifying records are protected under 5USC552a(b) that states,  No agency shall disclose any record which is contained in a system of records by any means of communication to any person, or to another agency, except pursuant to a written request by, or with the prior written consent of, the individual to whom the record pertains . (I) vital statistics (including records of marriage, birth, and divorce); (II) State and local tax and revenue records (including information on residence address, employer, income and assets); (III) records concerning real and titled personal property; (IV) records of occupational and professional licenses, and records concerning the ownership and control of corporations, partnerships, and other business entities; (V) employment security records; (VI) records of agencies administering public assistance programs; (VII) records of the motor vehicle department; and (VIII) corrections records. B. The Trustee must provide adequate notice in writing to any participant or beneficiary whose claim for benefits under the plan has been denied, setting forth the specific reasons for such denial, written in a manner calculated to be understood by the participant, and Afford a reasonable opportunity to any participant whose claim for benefits has been denied for a full and fair review by the appropriate named fiduciary of the decision denying the claim under 29USC1133. The Commissioner of Social Security has delegated an Appeals Council and Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) in the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA), the authority to hear and decide appealed determinations of claims for retirement, survivor, disability, supplemental security income and statutory blindness benefits under Title II; special benefits to World War II benefits under title VIII; aged, blind and disability benefits under Title XVI; and initial and continuing entitlement to benefits under Title XVIII. 1. In general under 20CFR404.929 one is entitled to a hearing before an administrative law judge if dissatisfied with one of the determinations or decisions listed in 20CFR404.930 and may request a hearing. The Associate Commissioner for Hearings and Appeals, or his or her delegate, shall appoint an administrative law judge to conduct the hearing. If circumstances warrant, the Associate Commissioner, or his or her delegate, may assign your case to another administrative law judge. The hearing office (HO) must acknowledge receipt of each valid request for hearing (RH) as soon as possible, but no later than 30 days after the HO receives the RH. When a case is assigned to an ALJ for a hearing and decision, the ALJ is responsible for all actions necessary to process the case. The ALJ's principal responsibilities are to hold a full and fair hearing and issue a legally sufficient and defensible decision. The Hearings, Appeals and Litigation Law ( HYPERLINK "http://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/hallex/hallex.html"HALLEX) manual conveys the guiding principles, procedural guidance and information from the Associate Commissioner of Hearings and Appeals to the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) staff. They should be edited for an amendment of Sec. 206 of Title II of the Social Security Act 42USC406 for social workers, non-social representatives. After a case has been denied by an administrative law judge it may be appealed to the Appeals Council. 2. Representatives who want to charge or collect a fee from a claimant or a third party, for services provided in any proceeding before the Social Security Administration (SSA) under the Social Security Act, must first obtain SSA's authorization Payment for professional representation has been set by the Commissioner of Social Security at 25% of the total amount of past due benefits or $4,000 whichever is the lesser, only in favorable claims, under Sec. 206 of the Social Security Act under 42USC406. In general it is recommended that the term non-lawyer representative be changed to non-social worker representatives and social workers be appointed to serve in the capacity of administrative law judges, rather than lawyers. A Non-social worker may also be appointed representative by the claimant to represent their dealings before the Commissioner if the person a. is generally known to have a good character and reputation; b. is capable of giving valuable help to the claimant in connection with the claim; is not disqualified or suspended from acting as a representative in dealings before the Commissioner; and c. is not prohibited by any law from acting as a representative 20CFR404.1705 and 416.1505. C. The appellate board shall develop uniform written procedures, including provisions for: 1. before the hearing, an opportunity for the appellant or the appellant's legal representative to review the appellant's poor relief file and any documents or evidence used by the township trustee to make the determination under appeal; 2. the order of the proceeding and the procedure for subpoena: (A) of a witness; or (B) for production of evidence; if reasonably requested; and 3. the issuance of a written hearing decision within the period prescribed. The applicant may appeal a decision of the Administrative Law Judge to a court. In hearing an appeal, the court shall be governed by the local poor relief standards for determining eligibility. If legally sufficient standards have not been established, the court shall be guided by the circumstances of the case and national protocol. In the event that the Secretary subsequently determines that his initial determination was incorrect he shall certify restitution forthwith in a lump sum of any funds incorrectly withheld or otherwise denied. D. The Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA) was enacted to eliminate the barriers that prohibit small businesses and individuals from securing vindication of their rights in civil actions and administrative proceedings brought by or against the Federal Government and authorizes the payment of attorney's fees to a prevailing party in an action against the United States absent a showing by the Government that its position in the underlying litigation "was substantially justified under 28USC2412 (d)(1)(A). EAJA sets a deadline of 30 days after final judgment for the filing of a fee application and directs that the application include: (1) a showing that the applicant is a "prevailing party"; (2) a showing that the applicant is "eligible to receive an award" ie. net worth did not exceed $2,000,000 at the time the civil action was filed," 2412(d)(2)(B; and (3) a statement of "the amount sought, including an itemized statement from any attorney ... stating the actual time expended and the rate" charged under Scarborough v. Anthony J. Principi, Secretary of Veteran s Affairs No. 02-1657 (2004). After the Social Security Appeals Council adopted the ALJ's recommended decision that respondent was disabled and instructed the Secretary to pay her benefits, the District Court granted the Secretary's motion to dismiss the judicial review action on the ground that respondent had obtained all the relief prayed for however the Court found that it had jurisdiction under the EAJA in Sullivan v. Hudson 490 US 977 (1989). Sec. 205(h) of the Social Security Act under  HYPERLINK "http://uscode.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode42/usc_sec_42_00000405----000-.html"42USC405(h) states,  the findings and decisions of the Secretary after a hearing shall be binding upon all individuals who were parties to such hearings. No findings of fact or decision of the Secretary shall be reviewed by any person, tribunal or government agency except as herein provided under Cappadora v. Anthony J. Celebreeze 356 F 2d. 1, 4 (CA2 1996). Sec. 205(g) however provides that any individual after a final decision of the Secretary may obtain review of such decision by civil action commenced within 60 days by filing a civil action. The district court; in such action, has the power to enter "a judgment affirming, modifying, or reversing the [Secretary's] decision, with or without remanding the cause for a rehearing" under Mathews v. Weber 423 US 261 (1973) and Sullivan v. Finkelstein 496 US 617 (1990). Constitutional questions are unsuited for administrative hearing procedures and therefore access to the courts is essential for the answer of these questions. Written submissions provide the disability recipient with an effective means of communicating his case to the decision-maker. The judicial model of an evidentiary hearing is neither required, nor even the most effective, method of decision-making in all circumstances. One should exhaust administrative remedies before seeking judicial review under Mathews v. Eldridge 424 US 319 (1976). 1. An entity may not engage in a discriminatory pattern or practice on the basis of age under the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 42 USC(76)6101, on the basis of handicap under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 29USC(16)V794, on the basis of sex under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 20USC(38)1681, on the basis of race, color, or national origin under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 42USC(21)V2000d or on the basis of physical or mental disability under The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 42USC (126)12101. Religious organizations are eligible, on the same basis as any other private organization, as contractors to provide assistance, or to accept certificates, vouchers, or other forms of disbursement, so long as the programs are implemented consistent with the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. Neither the Federal Government nor a State receiving funds under such programs shall discriminate against an organization which is or applies to be a contractor to provide assistance, or which accepts certificates, vouchers, or other forms of disbursement, on the basis that the organization has a religious character under Sec. 404(a) of the Social Security Act under 42USC604(a). 2. As part of the pre-release procedures for institutionalized persons the Commissioner of Social Security shall develop a system under which an individual can apply for supplemental security income benefits prior to the discharge or release of the individual from a public institution. The Commissioner shall provide notice written in simple and clear language under Sec. 1631 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1383(m,n,o) and Sec. 1611 of the Social Security Act under 42USC(7)XVI1382. Under Art. 14(6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 23 March 1976, when a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offense and when subsequently his conviction has been reversed or he has been pardoned on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law, unless it is proved that the non-disclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly attributable to him. If a beneficiary overturns their conviction they may petition for the remittance of funds probated while they were incarcerated as in Bloom v. Social Security Administration (10th Cir.)  HYPERLINK "http://www.kscourts.org/ca10/cases/2003/07/02-3362.htm"No. 02-3362 (2003). Under Art. 14 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 26 June 1987 the State shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible. In the event of the death of the victim as a result of an act of torture, his dependents shall be entitled to compensation. 121 Terrorism Risk Insurance Program A. Terrorism is defined as involving violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that appear to be intended - to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping under 18USC2331. In the event of a certified  act of terrorism under TRIA (or consideration to certify such an act), The Terrorism Risk Insurance Program (TRIP) is administered (in terms of claims, potential recoupments of amounts paid by Treasury, and other issues) through various forms, information collections, and record retention requirements. These information collections must be periodically submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for approval or reauthorization. The recent comprehensive revision to the Program Rules (31 CFR Part 50) requires a number of minor changes to existing forms, and authorizes certain additional collections. The term ``act of terrorism'' means any act that is certified by the Secretary of Treasury, in concurrence with the Secretary of State, and the Attorney General of the United States--(i) to be an act of terrorism; (ii) to be a violent act or an act that is dangerous to--(I) human life; (II) property; or (III) infrastructure; (iii) to have resulted in damage within the United States, or outside of the United States in the case of- (I) an air carrier or vessel described in the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act Public Law 107-42; 49USC 40101; or (II) the premises of a United States mission; and (iv) to have been committed by an individual or individuals acting on behalf of any foreign person or foreign interest, as part of an effort to coerce the civilian population of the United States or to influence the policy or affect the conduct of the United States Government by coercion under 31CFR50.5. 1. If the Secretary makes a determination that an act of terrorism has occurred, there shall exist a Federal cause of action for property damage, personal injury, or death arising out of or resulting from such act of terrorism, which shall be the exclusive cause of action and remedy for claims for property damage, personal injury, or death arising out of or relating to such act of terrorism. In every case in which a person has obtained a judgment against a terrorist party on a claim based upon an act of terrorism, or for which a terrorist party is a national the blocked assets of that terrorist party (including the blocked assets of any agency or instrumentality of that terrorist party) shall be subject to execution or attachment in aid of execution in order to satisfy such judgment to the extent of any compensatory damages for which such terrorist party has been adjudged liable.Any amounts awarded in an action that are attributable to punitive damages shall not count as insured losses under Sec. 107 of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 Public Law 107-297. Estimate aggregate damages that have been caused and could be caused from Program Trigger event(s) this fiscal year and any damages caused in the previous fiscal year(s). Public land value estimation depreciates from an estimated $200,000 per acre of forest, to $150,000 thinned, to $100,000 agriculturally exploited, including prescribed burns to $50,000 after catastrophic forest fire, flood or natural disaster. No territorial acquisition resulting from the threat or use of force shall be recognized as legal under the Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States 2625(XXV) (1970). 2. On November 26, 2002, the President signed into law the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (Pub. L. 107 297, 116 Stat. 2322) [TRIA]. TRIA created a temporaryfederal program that provides for a transparent system of shared public and private compensation for certain insured losses resulting from a certified act of terrorism. The Secretary of the Treasury administers the program with the assistance of the Federal Insurance Office. On December 22, 2005, the President signed into law the Terrorism Risk Insurance Extension Act of 2005 (Pub. L. 109-144, 119 Stat. 2660) [TRIEA 2005]. TRIEA extended TRIP through December 31, 2007. On December 26, 2007, the President signed into law the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (Pub. L. 110-160, 121 Stat. 1839) [TRIPRA 2007] which further extended TRIP through December 31, 2014. On January 12, 2015, the President signed into law the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 (Pub. L. 114-1, 129 Stat. 3) [TRIPRA 2015], which amends the expiration date of TRIP to December 31, 2020. B. Whoever harbors or conceals any person who he knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe, has committed, or is about to commit, an offense under 32 (relating to destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities), 175 (relating to biological weapons), 229 (relating to chemical weapons), 831 (relating to nuclear materials), paragraph (2) or (3) of 844(f) (relating to arson and bombing of government property risking or causing injury or death), 1366(a) (relating to the destruction of an energy facility), 2280 (relating to violence against maritime navigation), 2332a (relating to weapons of mass destruction), or 2332b (relating to acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries) of this title, 236(a) (relating to sabotage of nuclear facilities or fuel) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2284(a)), or 46502 (relating to aircraft piracy) of title 49, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both under 18USC2339. 1. Provision of Material Support for Terrorism 18USC2339A (a) Offense. Whoever provides material support or resources or conceals or disguises the nature, location, source, or ownership of material support or resources, knowing or intending that they are to be used in preparation for, or in carrying out, a violation of Destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities 18USC32, Violence at international airports 37, Arson within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction 81, Prohibition with respect to biological weapons 175, Prohibited activities chemical weapons 229, Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court assassination, kidnapping and assault 351, Prohibited activities involving nuclear materials 831, Importation, manufacture, distribution and storage of explosive materials; unlawful acts 842(m) or (n), Penalties 844(f) or (i), Possession of firearms and dangerous weapons in Federal facilities 930(c), Conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country 956, Genocide 1091, Protection of officers and employees of the United States 1114, Murder or manslaughter of foreign officials, official guests or internationally protected persons 1116, Hostage taking 1203, Government property or contracts 1361, Communication lines , stations, systems 1362, Buildings or property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction 1363, Destruction of an energy facility 1366, Presidential and presidential staff assassination, kidnapping and assault 1751, Terrorist attacks and other violence against railroad carriers and against mass transportation systems on land on water, or through the air 1992, Production of defective war material, war premises, or war utilities 2155, Production of defective national-defense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities 2156, Violence against maritime navigation 2280, Violence against maritime fixed platforms 2281, Terrorism criminal penalties 2332, Use of weapons of mass destruction 2332a, Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries 2332b, Bombings of places of public use, government facilities, public transportation systems and infrastructure facilities 2332f, Torture 2340A, or Recruitment or use of child soldiers 2442 of this title, Sabotage of nuclear facilities or fuel section 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42USC2284), Aircraft piracy section 46502 or Pipelines criminal penalties section 60123(b) of title 49, or Acts of Terrorism Transcending National Boundaries 2332b(g)(5)(B) (except for sections Providing material support to terrorists 2339A and Providing material support or resources to designated foreign terrorist organizations 2339B) or in preparation for, or in carrying out, the concealment of an escape from the commission of any such violation, or attempts or conspires to do such an act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both, and, if the death of any person results, shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life. 2. Whoever, directly or indirectly, unlawfully and willfully provides or collects funds with the intention that such funds be used, or with the knowledge that such funds are to be used, in full or in part, in order to carry out (A) an act which constitutes an offense within the scope of a treaty specified in subsection (e)(7), as implemented by the United States, or (B) any other act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in the hostilities in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act, shall be punished 10-20 years in prison as prescribed in subsection (d)(1) of the Prohibitions against the financing of terrorism under 18USC2339C. The International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Finance of December 9, 1999 prohibits the financing of terrorism when directly or indirectly, unlawfully and willfully provides or collects funds with the intention that such funds be used for terrorist activity. It shall not be necessary that the funds were actually used to carry out an offense. It also prohibits any act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not actively involved in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to either do, or to abstain from doing a specific act as enumerated in the Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) No. 2017/11 9 March 2017. C. Terrorism coverage is a public/private risk-sharing partnership that allows the federal government and the insurance industry to share losses in the event of a major terrorist attack. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA), which was enacted by Congress in November 2002, ensures that adequate resources are available for businesses to recover and rebuild if they are the victims of a terrorist attack. Under TRIA all property/casualty insurers in the U.S. are required to make terrorism coverage available. In some states terrorism insurance policy may exclude coverage for fire following. Nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological (NBCR) attacks are also excluded, except in the life, health and workers compensation lines of insurance. Cyber risks are also an emerging terrorist threat. It is possible that property damage or injuries to employees could be caused by a cyber-attack for instance an attack that causes equipment to malfunction. On the other hand, most computer attacks are not violent and do not cause physical damage. In general, terrorism insurance is unlikely to cover a cyber-attack, and a small business concerned about this risk should consider purchasing separate cyber liability insurance. 1. Losses are only covered by a terrorism insurance policy if the U.S. Department of the Treasury officially certifies an event as an act of terrorism. This requires that the act be violent and be driven by the desire of an individual or individuals to coerce U.S. civilians or government. No act shall be certified by the Secretary as an act of terrorism if property and casualty losses, in the aggregate, do not exceed $5 million. The act must also cause at least $100 million in damage to be considered a terrorist attack. The definition of a certified act of terrorism has been expanded to cover both domestic and foreign acts of terrorism. Factors to Consider When Deciding Whether to Buy Terrorism Insurance. About 60 percent of U.S. businesses have terrorism insurance. A few factors to consider when deciding whether or not to purchase terrorism insurance include: Business Location Rural and residential areas are less likely to be targeted by a terrorist attack. Commercial urban centers, as well as airports and train stations, have a higher risk for terrorist attack. Cost Premiums for terrorism coverage range from $19 to $49 per million of insured value, depending on the size of the company. The expense generally represents 3 to 5 percent of a company s property insurance costs. Type of Business Certain industries such as the energy sector have a higher risk of being targeted for terrorist attacks. Businesses in high-risk industries may want to consider purchasing terrorism insurance. Part 4 To end poverty by 2020 Title 1 Without Income Limit Law to End Poverty by 2020 129 Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund A. To repeal the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC(7)430 to pay 16-24 million poor children an SSI benefits in 2018 and end poverty in the United States by 2020. To require the Social Security Administration (SSA) to pay for SSI costs with new 12.4% tax revenues by creating in the United States Treasury a Federal Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund. This section will be rewritten: There is created in the Treasury a Federal Supplemental Security Income Trust Fund. 1. Taxing the rich more than $272 billion in 2018 might shock the stock exchange. Therefore, to prevent harm, the Treasury shall not sell any t-bonds to the public when this tax goes into effect. Special issue bonds for the Social Security trust funds and other government trust funds shall continue to be renegotiated to achieve a 3.4% annual increase in Treasury spending on interest on the national debt. The rich are not being taxed 12.4% by OASDI to pay for federal accounting errors. The rich are being taxed to end child poverty in 2018 and poverty in the United States by 2020 by expanding the SSI program. Increased consumer spending should sustain economic growth. 130 Labor Act To begin to reverse the alarming increase in child poverty from 15.4% in 1996 to 22-33% in 2017 the federal minimum wage must automatically increase from $7.25 an hour 2009-2017 to '$7.50 in 2018 and 3% more every year thereafter.' under 29USC206(a)(1)(D). To replace Demonstration Projects with 'Maternity Protection' Section 305 of the Social Security Act 42USC505. (a) To expedite the reemployment of mothers who have established a benefit year to claim unemployment compensation under State law the Secretary of Labor shall pay unemployment compensation for 14 weeks of Maternity Protection under International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 183 (2000). (b) On production of a medical certificate, stating the presumed date of childbirth, a woman shall be entitled to a period of maternity leave of not less than 14 weeks. Cash benefits shall be provided at a level which ensures that the woman can maintain herself and her child in proper conditions of health and with a suitable standard of living. (1) Where a woman does not meet the conditions to qualify for cash benefits under national laws and regulations or in any other manner consistent with national practice, she shall be entitled to adequate benefits out of social assistance funds, subject to the means test required for eligibility for such assistance, from Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) under Sec. 404 of Title IV-A of the Social Security Act under 42USC604 et seq. and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program for the Aged, Blind and Disabled under Sec. 1611 of Title XVI of the Social Security Act under 42USC1382 et seq. (2) Medical benefits shall be provided for the woman and her child. Medical benefits shall include prenatal, childbirth and postnatal care, as well as hospitalization care when necessary. (c) Employers shall provide at least 3 weeks of paid leave annually to uphold the Holiday with Pay ILO Convention No. 132 (1970) and Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention No. 156 (1981). Employers shall provide up to 12 week of unpaid leave to care for the severe sickness of a child under the Family and Medical Leave Act of February 5, 1993 (PL-303-3). 131 Voluntary 1-2% of Income United Nations (UN) Contribution To legislate a new  United Nations Contribution: 1% to 2% of income suggested donation row on IRS quarterly and April 15 forms. Annual UN donations levied shall be accounted for as both revenues and state department outlays in the OMB Historical Tables for zero change to the surplus/deficit. All money levied by this tax shall be given to the UN. Un-administered funds shall be invested by the UN and developing recipient nations. State recipients of these UN funds are expected to spend at least two-thirds on cash benefits for people living below the international poverty line of $1.90 a day (2015) and the other third on infrastructure, health, education and government for the poor. Title 2 Summer Solstice Instructions 132 Annual Reports A. To amend Annual Reports Sec. 1161 of Title 11 of the Social Security Act 42USC1320c-10 to change the due date from April 1 to summer solstice (June 20-21). Each year the Trustees of the Social Security and Medicare trust funds report on the current and projected financial status of the two programs in April. The Trustees are required to Report to the Congress not later than the summer solstice of each year on the operation and status of the Trust Fund during the preceding fiscal year and on its expected operation and status during the current fiscal year and the next 2 fiscal years. They are to Report immediately to the Congress whenever the Board is of the opinion that the amount of the Trust Fund is unduly small, less than 20% of the budget. The Trustees also review the general policies followed in managing the Trust Fund, and recommend changes in such policies, including necessary changes in the provisions of law which govern the way in which tardiness is to be managed: 1. The Board of Trustees must begin to account for both OASDI and SSI beneficiaries in one annual report that is due on the summer solstice. As of CY17 SSA is estimated to pay 50 million OASI + 11 million DI + 9 million SSI = 70 million benefits. There are three decisions that Social Security Administration (SSA) needs to make now, for fiscal and calendar year 2018. First, resolve to pay the high cost DI estimate to afford all social security beneficiaries their 3% COLA (or 2.7% 2018 and 3% every year thereafter to equal $777 SSI in 2019) and ensure working age contributing orphans and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients (IDDM) are qualifying disabilities for a compassionate allowance. Second, compensate the DI Trust with 2.5% asset accumulation plus interest, for not being able to perform the OASDI tax rate calculation in a timely fashion 2009-2015, for an interest adjusted estimate of $240.4 billion transfer from OASI to DI in 2018. Third, create a Supplemental Security Income (SSI) trust fund to distribute the tax on the rich to end poverty by 2020 with a full SSI benefit, beginning with all 16-24 million children growing up in poverty in 2018 by repealing the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base Section 230 of the Social Security Act under 42USC430. Eliminating tax havens is a sustainable development goal. In the case regarding the maximum taxable limit, failure of the United States to pay legal child support obligations under 18USC228 may be treated as attempt to evade or defeat tax under 26USC7201. 133 Social Security Caucus Settlement A. To refund as much as $500 million over-payment due as many as 50,000 faultless beneficiaries, who survive, including under Title 1 State Old Age Insurance Programs, whose benefits were cut from a reasonable rate to $600-$699 pursuant to the Social Security Caucus of 2011. Theft of benefits is not immune under Sec. 204(c) of the Social Security Act under 42USC404(c) from the rational basis test of deprivation or relief benefits under 18USC246 or the theft and bribery of government programs under 18USC666 higher scrutiny reveals. This overpayment must be refunded to beneficiaries under 26USC6401. The right to benefits is immune from garnishment an legal process, specifically from federal student loans due to the hyper-inflation in tuition, under Sec. 207(a) of the Social Security Act under 42USC407(a). So as not to rob beneficiaries, with a biblical threat to capture and kill to make up for any calculation errors, SSA must promise to automatically pay social security beneficiaries $700 a month after 42 months between $600 and $699 a month (Revelation 13:10). 1. The United Nations has expressed concern regarding the incitement of religious violence, incidental to be informed that State Department international assistance was finally totaled, without non-add brackets, to the tune of $66 billion, 0.34% of the GDP, better than the 0.17% reported by OECD with only 0.11% proven, with cuts to official development assistance (ODA) threatening to infinitely prolong the world struggle with that apocalyptic number after the solar eclipse of August 21. The Commissioner of Social Security has engaged in too much misconduct regarding the number of the beast for the United States to go un-circumscribed for the crime of genocide under 18USC1091 in regards to their unscientific computation of benefits under Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act 42USC415(i) . The weight of gold which came in to Solomon in one year was 666 talents of gold (1 Kings 10:14)(2 Chronicles 9:13). He who has an ear, let him hear. If anyone is to go into captivity, into captivity he will go. If anyone is to be killed with the sword, with the sword he will be killed. This calls for patient endurance and faithfulness on the part of the saints for forty-two months& He also forced everyone great and small, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on his right hand or on his forehead, so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark which is the name of the beast or the number of his name, This calls for wisdom. If anyone has insight, let him calculate the number of the beast, for it is man s number. His number is 666 (Revelation 13:9, 10 & 16-18). O Prophet! why do you forbid (yourself) that which Allah has made lawful for you; you seek to please your wives; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful (The Prohibition 66:1). O you who believe! save yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and stones; over it are angels stern and strong, they do not disobey Allah in what He commands them, and do as they are commanded (The Prohibition 66:6). Thy people called it a lie, and yet it is the truth. Say, I have not charge over you; to every prophecy is a set time, and in the end ye shall know (Cattle 6:66). Say: Come I will recite what your Lord has forbidden to you-- (remember) that you do not associate anything with Him and show kindness to your parents, and do not slay your children for (fear of) poverty-- We provide for you and for them-- and do not draw nigh to indecencies, those of them which are apparent and those which are concealed, and do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except for the requirements of justice; this He has enjoined you with that you may understand (Cattle 6:151). 2. Although the average national poverty rate runs about 15.4%, child poverty runs at 22%-33%, while the working age poverty rate has fallen to 10% and elderly poverty 9% not including medical bills that drive up elderly poverty to 15.9%. It is very expensive to raise children without a labor budget affordable annual 3% raise in federal minimum wage, paid maternity leave or reliable Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). To redress the moral non-support Human Services must graduate from the Public Health Service (PHS). SSI and TANF spending needs to grow at least 4% annually because there a lot of poor families in the United States who would benefit from a 3% COLA and 1% net population growth. Unemployment compensation, health overspending, education and social work should grow an average of 3% annually. For their part United States Social Security Administration (SSA) needs begin paying compassionate allowances of full SSI benefits to about 100,000 orphans to share one-third with their orphanage, and DI to a significant percentage of 400,000 working age orphans. Do not take advantage of a widow or an orphan (Old Testament, Exodus 22:22). Leave your orphans; I will protect their lives. Your widows too can trust in me (Jeremiah 49:11). Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world (New Testament, James 1:27). And they feed, for the love of God, the indigent, the orphan, and the captive (The Quran, The Human: 8). Therefore, treat not the orphan with harshness (The Morning Hours: 9). Be good to orphans and the very poor. And speak good words to people (The Heifer: 83). Give orphans their property, and do not substitute bad things for good. Do not assimilate their property into your own. Doing that is a serious crime (The Women: 2). 134 Federal Income Contribution Act <15.0% A. To tax on the rich to end poverty by 2020 and end child poverty CY18 repeal the Adjustment of the contribution and benefit base under Section 230 of the Social Security Act 42USC430. To accommodate the dynamism of the OASDI tax rate calculation it is no longer required for Congress to amend to laws pertaining to the distribution of the 12.4% OASDI tax to the DI Trust Fund under Sec. 201(b)(1)(S) of the Social Security Act under 42USC401 and OASI Trust Fund under 26USC3101 and 26USC3111. The 2.37% DI 10.03% OASI tax rate of the Bipartisan Budget Act expires CY 19. The Board of Trustees must learn to calculate the optimal distribution rate for the 12.4% tax and limit Medicare revenues from the 2.9% HI tax to 2.6% for <15.0% Federal Income Contributions Act (FICA) beginning FY 18. The three year congressional budget request seems to be the most effective method of expressing social security operations. 1. The Board of Trustees must learn to distribute the 12.4% OASDI tax to avoid account deficits and efficiently utilize the tax on the rich to end poverty. To protect the smaller trust fund an intermediate tax rate of 2.1% DI 10.3% OASI beginning calendar year 2019 is minimally necessary to afford a 3% COLA with the high cost estimate and improve the trust fund ratio. The more legible and trust fund ratio sustaining alternative rate is 2.0% DI 10.4% OASI plus reimbursement from the OASI trust fund to  replicate to the extent possible as if the Public Law 112-96 had not failed to precisely calculate the DI tax rate to provide for 2.5% DI account asset accumulation from 2009-2015, rather than paying compensation for the deficit inflating Public Law 112-96 had precisely calculated the DI tax rate to provide for a zero-deficit + 2.5% DI account asset accumulation from 2009-2015. To optimize trust fund ratio is necessary for OASI to reimburse the DI trust fund $224.4 billion for the deficits that nearly nearly depleted the fund 2009-2015. At the inception of the tax on the rich, the SSI trust fund share of the 12.4% social security tax would be high in order for the new trust fund to accumulate some assets and improve its trust fund ratio and annually go down to prevent other account deficits within the social security trust funds. 2. Social security is an internationally recognized human right, for those aged and disabled people who live below the poverty line, and also for those who have contributed to the fund their entire working lives. Social security tends to the needs of (1) the sick; (2) those in need; (3) those without necessary financial resources; and (4) those likely to suffer without aid. If the collection of information by the agency is unnecessary for any reason, the agency may not engage in the collection of information, for instance Sections 811, 824, 831, 832, 834 and 842 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 must be repealed and abolished as unnecessary under the Paperwork Reduction Act 44USC3508. Section 833 pertaining to the 2.37% DI tax rate was only good for a no COLA year in 2016 and the 303% trust fund ratio offends the 3% Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) beneficiaries are due to compete with 2.7% average annual inflation in Sec. 215(i) of the Social Security Act under 42USC415(i). 3. After 2017 SMI premium inflation is halted with another three year period of zero growth before 3.7% growth in 2020 will need to be held harmless under 26USC6401. To keep federal health outlays under the $1 trillion limbo bar the only solution is to reduce all Medicare and Medicaid program payroll tax and general revenues to 3% annual growth from FY 14 in FY 18 and then apply a zero annual benefit spending growth strategy to nice round numbers until national health expenditures are less than 10% of GDP. Having abolished the refundable premiums and cost-sharing reductions beginning FY 18 the Treasury Secretary has only to counter-the hyper-inflationary tendencies of Health and Human Services (HHS) to get federal health outlays under the $1 trillion limbo bar until 2020 and report a federal budget surplus FY 18. Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) general revenues were reduced in 2017 and need to be reduced further in 2018 to 3% growth from the last accountable year FY 14 beginning FY 18. In 2018 Medicare Part A Hospital Insurance (HI) payroll tax revenues also needs to be reduced from the 2.9% to 2.6% FY 18, 3% annual growth from FY 14. Between FY 18  FY 20 federal outlays for Medicare would stabilize on nice round numbers with zero to negative growth in federal outlays. Benefit spending must be scaled back commensurately. The end result is a FICA tax <15.0%. Title 3 Health Inflation 135 <2.6% Hospital Insurance Tax A. The Federal Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund is created under Section 1817 of the Social Security Act under 42USC1395i. The HI Trust Fund is financed with a 2.9% payroll tax, plus 0.9% tax on the incomes of the wealthy under 26USC3101(b) and 3111(b). After freezing HI payroll tax revenues with zero growth policy of $250 billion to keep federal health outlays under the trillion dollar limbo bar, after one year interest and other revenues would permit limited growth in HI benefit spending from $290 billion, until normal three percent growth could resume when National Health Health Expenditures (NHE) are <10% of GDP. 1. The source of health hyperinflation and the oil price hyperinflation crisis in the early 1970s seems to be that HI payroll tax revenues increase at an average annual rate of about six percent. 6% is twice the 3% usual growth rate for health care, social work, and education welfare professional subsidy programs. 6% annual growth in HI outlays had a carcinogenic effect on the Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Funds, who also demand >5% annual growth. These hyper-inflationary tendencies are neoplastic. All three federally financed Medicare programs are being punished with negative, zero to low growth until NHE is <10% of GDP. Part B outlays are frozen at $300 billion benefit spending and $200 billion general revenues. Part D interest must be estimated after record asset accumulation in 2016 and outlays are frozen at exactly $100 billion in benefits and a commensurately diminishing amount of general revenues from $71.9 billion FY 17 to $66.6 billion FY 20. B. To reduce HI spending, HI Trust Fund payroll tax rate needs to be cut an estimated 0.3% to 2.6% FY 18. Federal outlays for the HI Trust Fund would continue to go down to 2.5% FY 19 and 2.3% FY20 for the nice round figure of $250 billion federal health outlays to hospitals for zero growth until national health expenditures (NHE) are less than 10% of gross domestic product (GDP). Under the gradual reduction approach payroll tax receipts for Part A would reduce the payroll tax $281.7 billion FY 18 to the desired federal outlay figure of $255.9 billion FY 18, 3% growth from FY 14, for the HI Trust Fund, a reduction of $11.3 billion, - 4.2%, from $268.2 billion in FY 17, and $25.8 billion in general revenues to reduce the federal deficit at year end, and stay under the $1 trillion federal health outlay limbo bar until NHE is <10% of GDP. 1. Because there is interest and other income total HI revenues and benefit outlays would begin to grow in 2020 or the year after the HI trust fund stabilizes at $250 billion in payroll tax revenues. Under the gradual reduction plan HI benefit spending would remain frozen at the 2017 rate of $290 billion until 2020 when zero growth in $250 billion federal outlays would result in net revenue increases and moderate growth could begin to be estimated significantly <3% annual growth when NHE is <10% of GDP. $250 billion HI payroll tax revenues FY 18 or $250 billion FY 2020? The tax rate in is rounded. The precise tax rate figure is not very important because payroll tax revenues tend to grow faster than cancer cells. It seems best to keep budget total cuts gradual, intangible and health inflation expectations at zero before settling on these nice round numbers in FY 20 for a zero growth policy to try to maintain total federal health outlays <$1 trillion until NHE is <10% of GDP. 136 Toxic Shock Syndrome A. No opes. To escape the severe pain epidemic caused by hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus + Streptococcus pyogenes = toxic shock syndrome, it is necessary to advertise the only antibiotic(s) to be proven effective against Staph infection in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) studies, doxycycline and clindamycin. Doxycycline or doxycycline hyclate, the once a day antibiotic, should therefore be prescribed to all patients discharged from the hospital or who are believed to have a Staph infection, Clindamycin (Cleocin) for children under 8 and pregnant women. Unadulterated doxycycline is also thought to uniquely effective against Lyme disease, bubonic plague and syphilis. a. These two antibiotics could be retailed in foil packages by a vending machine, with instructional information, near the door to the hospital or at the front desk, for +/-$20 a package of 10. Ampicillin to treat to resistant pneumonias, sinusitis and meningitis and Metronidazole (Flagyl ER) to treat antibiotic resistant Clostridium difficile complete the basic sales pitch on pharmaceutical antibiotic resistance. B. Color safe bleach should be required to be included in, and prominently displayed on, the label of chemical hospital and institutional cleansers to prevent outbreaks of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on other public benches. Hygienists should not need to know that they must measure out the chlorine bleach themselves, to avoid toxic liability for Staph infections, caused by adulterated or misbranded products in Sec. 301 of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act under 21USC331. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends 1 teaspoon (4.9 mL) per gallon (308 L) for food-surfaces and 1 cup (240 mL) per 5 gallons (18.9L) for hard surfaces and 1 cup (240 mL) per 1 gallon (3.8L) for mold growth on hard surfaces. a. Swimming pools have had great luck with dissolved salt, NaCl, that breaks down in water to chlorine and is effective at preventing Staph outbreaks, common to non-chlorinated pools under hospital ownership in the same community. Saline solution in which the NaCl has broken down is much better than bleach as a cleanser for food preparation surfaces, washing the hands after touching people in pain and surgery. Naturopathic surgeries use boiled Calendula officinalis as an antiseptic, but it is has not been proven to be as effective as saline against Staph. 137 Medicaid Prices for All A. To amend the word 'except' to 'including' in regards to health insurance and the scope of the Federal Insurance Office as codified at 31USC313(d). To repeal 'Medical records and payments' from the Fair Credit Reporting Act 15USC1681a(x)(1) so the bankruptcy court, Equifax, Experian, Trans Union, etc., would not entertain medical bills. Medical bills cause an estimated 67% of bankruptcies today, up from 8% in 1980. Inflation in duplicitous hospital bills, health insurance premiums and drug prices is out of control. Legal fees ceased to be respected by national credit bureaus in 2009. To be legal, medical bills must also be disregarded. The goal should be zero medical bankruptcies. Hospital doctor and surgeon bills tend to be reasonable but are dishonored due to the duplicitous hypocrisy of the hospital bill that costs $5 a day in Japan. Medicaid prices must be used for all Fair Credit Reporting Act hospital medical bills, repealed or not. Medical bills need to be reasonable or they are not paid. Medicaid prices are the only standard for all medical bill negotiations. Medicaid prices must not be unfair or tampered with. Negotiating points are 3% normal inflation, zero growth policy, last reasonable price and one bill. B. Nearly 4 million children are born each year, and childbirth is the No. 1 reason for hospital admissions. Furthermore, hospital costs for women who had no maternal or obstetric risk factors to complicate childbirth ranged from less than $2,000 to nearly $12,000 in 2011. Prenatal care also costs an average of $2,500 for ten to fifteen visits. Vaginal births, on average, cost $2,600 without complications, and C-sections cost $4,500, according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Vaginal deliveries account for about 7 in 10 childbirths, and C-sections for about 3 in 10. Vaginal delivery with complications requiring an operating room procedure has the highest average price tag of any type of birth, costing parents (and their insurance companies) an average of $6,900, nearly double the average cost per stay for all types of delivery, according to the Project.In 2014, in California alone, the cost of an uncomplicated vaginal birth varied widely  from $3,296 to $37,227 depending on the hospital. Cesarean sections ranged from $8,312 to almost $71,000.Most uncomplicated vaginal deliveries are costing $10,000 these days. The United States needs to set reasonable prices for hospital deliveries that hospitals and all attending obstetricians and midwives cannot exceed combined. A large reason for the high number of poor children takes into consideration the high cost of the hospital delivery bill. 2.5% annual inflation from 2011 prices of $2,600 without complications, $4,500 c-section, $6,900 complicated comes to $2,990 without complications, $5,175 c-section and $7,935 vaginal with complications, after six years in 2017. The Medicaid price for an uncomplicated vaginal birth in Texas is $475. C. Drug prices must be regulated along similar lines of 2.5% annual growth from the last reasonable price under penalty of disgorgement of excessive executive and shareholder profits for delay. In some people, particularly children, allergies to common foods, penicillin or insect stings can be fatal without a timely injection of epinephrine. In 2009 an EpiPen was $100 dollars; in May 2016 it was reported to have increased it to almost $600 dollars, a 400 to 500 percent raise. Customers can purchase a two-pack of EpiPens online for about $145 dollars whereas the competition recognizes the patent is expired. $1 hydrocortisone creme is an unproven substitute for people with severe allergic reactions. 1. In 2001 insulin had the wholesale price of $45, by 2015 the cost had skyrocketed to $1,447 for the same monthly supply. One online price is $85 a vial. $50 for a month supply of insulin sounds durable. The US insulin producer Eli Lilly & Co. must cease producing and profiting from any and all psychiatric drugs, in particular Zyprexa (olanzapine) because it causes diabetes and death in diabetics when mixed with alcohol and injected. Death rates for juvenile onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) continue to be 50% within 20 years of diagnosis. Adulterated insulin is hypothesized to be the leading cause of death amongst Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), juvenile onset diabetes, patients. 2.  No opes . Instead of giving outpatients psychiatric drugs they should be prescribed Amantadine to cure in one dose most flus, the potentially lethal extra-pyramidal side-effects of anti-psychotic medicine and treat Parkinson's disease. The national epidemic of excruciating pain, heart attack and stroke deaths are largely the result of hospital acquired Staphylococcus aureus + pyromania acquired Streptococcus pyogenes = toxic shock syndrome. Although Strep can be cured with just about any unadulterated antibiotic, doxycycline, the once a day antibiotic, treats hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in adults over the age of 8, Clindamycin for children under the age of 8 and pregnant women. Metronidazole (Flagyl ER) treats joints, gout, generalized anxiety disorder and gastrointestinal (GI) infection including that of antibiotic resistant Clostridium difficile almost eliminating the need to eat yoghurt. $1 hydrocortisone creme is anti-inflammatory and cures Aspergillus niger. 138 Repeal refundable premiums, cost-sharing reductions and tax credit A. The Treasury Fiscal Year 2018 budget mandatory spending for refundable premium and cost-sharing reductions have been abolished. Congress must repeal the laws authorizing the refundable credit and cost-sharing reduction at 26USC36B and Subchapter 4 Affordable Coverage Choices for All Americans Parts A & B 42USC18071-18084 with the exception of Streamlining of procedures for enrollment through an exchange and state medicaid, CHIP and health subsidy programs 42USC18083. Employer responsibilities have already been repealed. There shall be no penalty or fine imposed upon any individual or health insurance issuer for choosing not to participate in any federal health insurance program under 42USC18115. 1. These companies owe the United States Treasury every penny of the subsidy of which they profited more than the 10% allowed non-profit health insurance corporations. These companies also owe beneficiaries for their over-payment of 2.5% annual premium inflation since CY16 and must at the very least reduce current premiums to a rate within 2.5% annual growth from CY15. Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) beneficiaries, are due a refund or credit of their overpayment since health insurance premium inflation went out of control CY16. The amount of such excess shall be considered an overpayment under 26USC6401. As a general rule, in the case of any overpayment, the Secretary, within the applicable period of limitations and interest, shall refund any balance to such person under 26USC6402(a). 139 Refund Postal Service Retirement Health Benefits A. The USPS is the operator of the largest civilian vehicle fleet in the world. On a typical day, more than 600,000 men and women of the United States Postal Service ensure that hundreds of millions of pieces of mail are delivered to 156 million delivery points, including more than 43 million rural businesses and residences across the country. The USPS employed 617,254 workers (as of February 2015) and operated 211,264 vehicles in 2014. USPS had a good year FY 16, they even produced an Annual Report to Congress. FY2016 had total revenue of $71.5 billion and total expenses of $77.1 billion, resulting in a net loss of $5.6 billion, nearly exactly equal to the legal mandate in the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund (PSRHBF) pre-funding expense that reduced the Postal Services' $601 million to $2.7 billion FY 16 surplus, with which to pay $55 billion in debt, to a  controlling income . OMB however concocted a scheme to profit from the USPS without decisively repealing PSRHBF and is causing criminal damage to unlawfully dictate an enormous employee and consequential revenue cut FY 18. Since the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (P.L. 109 435) began robbing the postal service $5.5 billion annually for retiree health insurance contributions USPS has cut its expenses by $15 billion annually, but first-class mail volume has continued to drop and debt, termed net deficiency, has risen to $55.9 billion FY 16 and increases at around $5.5 billion annually. The USPS has not directly received taxpayer-dollars since the early 1980s and only needs to be left alone. 1. The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) owes the Postal Service compensation for the disastrous 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (P.L. 109 435) that created the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund to put the Postal Service on a path that fully funds its substantial retiree (annuitant) health benefits liabilities. Since the Act's passage in 2006, the Postal Service contributed over $50 billion to the Retiree Health Benefits Fund. Although it defaulted on $34 billion in total required payments since FY 2012 the $5.8 billion FY16 contribution continues to be the entire reason for the USPS deficit. OPM must reimburse the Postal Service Retiree Health Fund to pay off the >$55.9 USPS debt. Beginning in 2017, the Act requires the Postal Service to begin a 27-year amortization to retire its unfunded liability under CSRS by paying for  actuarial costs of the unfunded liability for post-retirement health costs of current employees = zero benefits. There is only one God, Mohammed is his messenger. Regular US Mail. Title 4 Rights 140 Torture Compensation a. To amend Torture 18USC2340A(a) so 'outside the United States' is removed so - Whoever commits or attempts to commit torture shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both, and if death results to any person from conduct prohibited by this subsection, shall be punished by death or imprisoned for any term of years or for life. b. To amend Exclusive Remedies 18USC2340B so  The State shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and adequate compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible. In the event of the death of the victim as a result of an act of torture, his dependents shall be entitled to compensation under Art. 14 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 26 June 1987 . c. United Nations Compensation Commission rates: 1. People forced to relocate as the result of military action $2,500 -$4,000 for an individual and $5,000-$8,000 for a family; 2. People who suffered serious bodily injury or families reporting a death as the result of military action are entitled to between $2,500 and $10,000; 3. After being swiftly compensated for relocation, injury or death an individual may make a claim for damages for personal injury; mental pain and anguish of a wrongful death; loss of personal property; loss of bank accounts, stocks and other securities; loss of income; loss of real property; and individual business losses valued up to $100,000. 4. After receiving compensation for relocation, injury or death an individual can file a claim valued at more than $100,000 for the loss of real property or personal business. 5. Claims of corporations, other private legal entities and public sector enterprises. They include claims for: construction or other contract losses; losses from the non-payment for goods or services; losses relating to the destruction or seizure of business assets; loss of profits; and oil sector or heavy industry losses. 6. Claims filed by Governments and international organizations for losses incurred in evacuating citizens; providing relief to citizens; damage to diplomatic premises and loss of, and damage to, other government property; and damage to the environment. 141 Deprivation of Relief Benefits 1. Deprivation of relief benefits 18USC246 states 'Whoever directly or indirectly deprives, attempts to deprive, or threatens to deprive any person of any employment, position, work, compensation, or other benefit provided for or made possible in whole or in part by any Act of Congress appropriating funds for work relief or relief purposes, on account of political affiliation, race, color, sex, religion, or national origin, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both'. a. Common Article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights provide (1) All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. (2) All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence. 142 Regular Price Travel and Identification Documents A. A refugee is someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. A stateless person is someone who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law. The term stateless person describes the rapidly growing population of United States citizens born and naturalized in the United States and nationals at some stage in the naturalization process, who have been denied identification documents due to impossible bureaucratic red tape to elicit extortionate fees to replace documents lost, stolen or mutilated. The epidemiological paradox is that Hispanics, with a large undocumented population, live longer and are healthier although poorer, than other people in the United States. 1. More than 4 million social security cards have been issued to newborns during Republican administrations and less than 4 million births have been recorded during Democratic administration since 1989. Everyone born in the United States of foreign parents is entitled to be naturalized a US citizenship at birth under the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) and the equal protection section one of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Nonetheless, since 1990 during Democratic administrations the Social Security Administration reports less than 4 million and during Republican administrations more than 4 million births. 2. Common Article 28 requires States to issue to refugees and stateless persons lawfully staying in their territory travel documents for the purpose of travel outside their territory, unless compelling reasons of national security or public order otherwise require. Common Article 29 ensures 1. States shall not impose upon refugees or stateless persons duties, charges or taxes, of any description whatsoever, other or higher than those which are or may be levied on their nationals in similar situations. 2. Nothing in the above paragraph shall prevent the application to stateless persons of the laws and regulations concerning charges in respect of the issue to aliens of administrative documents including identity papers. B. Citizens born and naturalized in the United States have a right to purchase United States passports at normal price. The United States is liable to refund individuals for thousands of dollars of bribes they were forced to make since 2010 for fake 'original' naturalization papers, artificially needed for foreign born and naturalized citizens to purchase a passport, as the result of the unconstestable battery of false authentication features, in violation of 18USC1028. The disclaimer on the free copies of naturalization papers provided by US Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) should be removed. Stateless citizens must be sold identification and travel documents at normal price under Common Article 29 of the Conventions Relating to the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons of 1951 and 1954 respectively. 1. Immigrant visas are issued under 8USC(12)1153. Work visas are issued under 8USC(12)(II)(III)1202 through a withholding of income tax on the wages of nonresident aliens under 26USC(A)(3)(A)1441. The prices however have to be fair. The Canadian refugee agency argues for a $500 fee. The Constitution prices travel documents at $10 in Art. 1 Sec. 8 that would be fair to issuing temporary travel documents, even to stateless undocumented people on the basis of a bilateral international fingerprint check. Title 5 Lefts 143 Computer Piracy A. Free government cell phones serve as compensation. Lifeline Assistance is a program of the FCC that helps over 10 million Americans afford a phone. The cell phone companies receive $9.95 for each subscriber (higher for Tribal) in order to provide the cell phone and service free to the subscriber. Lifeline began under the Reagan administration to help low-income Americans afford their landline phone service, and was updated during the Bush administration to include mobile phones. Lifeline was nicknamed Obamaphone since the popularity of the program exploded under the Obama Administration. Obamaphones are available from companies in 49 states, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. U.S. citizenship is not a requirement to receive an Obamaphone. Only one Lifeline phone per household is allowed. The largest company, Safelink Wireless, has 3.6 million customers, and is owned by Tracfone, a company owned by the richest man in the world, Mexico s Carlos Slim. Most companies offer 250 to 350 minutes of talk and text a month. Minutes have been reduced to around 100 every three months. 200 minutes a month please. 1. There are several practices that can help keep computers and computer-use safe. (a) Cell phones are vulnerable to geolocation to within 10 meters by global positioning system (GPS). Use airplane mode when turning the phone off to prevent the phone from turning back after it has been stored. Taking the battery out of the cell phone is sometime the only way to be sure the phone is not being tracked by GPS. Never use the Internet or cell phone or charge a cell phone, within miles of where one sleeps. (b) Mac computers are necessary for non-fiction work, without doing advanced research in computer hardware. Mac computers are estimated to last five years by computer consultants. Mac computer are immune to viruses commonly picked up at public libraries and elsewhere. Viruses that destroy Microsoft computers, software and files, in a matter of months. (c) Open source software is good enough for word processing and publishing .doc files that are destroyed by Microsoft Word that is necessary to publish .htm documents and add accounting table columns. (d) A common problem accountants face is that, once a number has been computed on a Microsoft Word table cell, it cannot be copied and recomputed, the digits must be entered manually for the table to compute correctly. (e) Encrypt the files on the computer and only use encrypted wifi that is not vulnerable to parental controls or desktop surveillance. Some routers, such employee surveillance oriented Cisco routers used in fast food restaurants, allow the FBI corrupted proprietor the option to spy, hack and block patrons, others such as Aerohive seems secure enough to download movies without being hacked. (f) Tampering of files is the result of unauthorized use of employee 'Desktop Surveillance' software on customers. Avoid using private computers at university and public libraries, library wifi is the most invasive of any and often the wifi cannot be kept turned off, making it impossible to securely take notes from the stacks on a computer, without jeopardizing all the files. There is a high risk of false arrest by cell phone and murder by poison due to copyright abuse at the library, that may ultimately be outweighed by the life-saving truths held by same library. Net, worth boycott, the risk of parental control abuse until the adult note-taker is free to download pornography in the intelligence service prone library. (g) To keep the email addresses of correspondents secret, list them, between commas, in the cc or bcc field in parenthesis cc: (email, list). Disable Java script to prevent appearance of the email pop-up compose screen or use basic gmail. Make state email public and keep private emails private. 2. Social media and news blogs are compromised by membership agreements. Cisco and other pop-up logon screen wifi routers used at universities, so prone to biological experimentation, and cell phones, are known to be vulnerable to geolocation to within 30 meters and stalking by global positioning system (GPS). It is not possible to block university grade log-on wifi, market price or serious bug by simply turning off the wifi on an Apple computer or using Airplane mode on a Windows computer. Satellite Internet is compromised by the monthly limits, downloaders must be turned off and guests are highly discouraged by stalking, bugs and the owners limited rights. Turning the wifi off makes it possible to work on a computer without risk of being hacked in public without an encrypted Internet connection. (a) Congress might prefer a Starbuck's encrypted pop-up log in wifi to prevent FBI piracy. (b) The Attorney General definitely owes Starbuck's compensation for intimidating the CEO into resignation, a couple highway project FBI supervised norovirus coffees, and downsizing, (c) Starbuck's hospitality might be improved by 1 cup bleach per 5 gallons of mop water to cease exposing patrons to methicillin resistant Staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA) epidemic since the injunction against the movie download site kickass.com. (d) A Court of the District of Columbia must dismiss the false allegations against Megavideo, the world's former most popular supplier of free movies to hundreds of millions of people world-wide, as Fifth Amendment self-incrimination by the FBI in regards to fraud, racketeering and copyright infringement and Sentences 14-16 of the Guideline on the Role of Prosecutors. Innocent his entire career under Art. 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (e) Now that Pirate Bay founder should be released from prison in Scandinavia for copyright violations Congress must take state responsibility for the definition and punishment of computer piracy under Art. 1 Sec. 8 Clause 10 of the Constitution. The people need the law to protect the reputation of their much loved time consuming free Hollywood movies download industry, against computer piracy by notorious self-incriminating non-law enforcement officers. The FBI style pirates warned about in movies, sometimes unlawfully exploit moral hazards of international copyright  enforcement as they have so habitually used the drug conventions. Hollywood movies are however the only reward for Internet scholarship, scholarship that can be laboriously turned to sue the government for the restoration of First Amendment Privacy Protection over arbitrary search and seizure under 42USC2000a. B. Tampering with witnesses, victims and informants under 18USC1512, stalking under 2261 and unauthorized access to ctored information (hacking) under 2701 are common computer crimes. Fraud related to computers under 1030 is commonly associated by FBI pirates with Highway Projects under 1040. To overturn their own piracy conviction as a rampage shooting FBI snitch Congress must repeal the Authority for Employment of the FBI and DEA Senior Executive Service under 5USC3151-3152. The FBI must forfeit their computer piracy equipment and bugs for destruction. The FBI is reported to be unable to break into encrypted Internet connections or cell phone locks, although they seem to be able to crack computer file encryption exposed for a brief moment to un-secure wifi. The National Security Administration (NSA) has pled guilty to a number of acts of invasions of privacy and computer piracy under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) against international emails and cell phones, including violent stalking and murder of domestic and foreign nationals and wiretapping of foreign heads of state, and the industrial Stuxnet worm against a nuclear reactor and civilian infrastructure in Iran. The NSA should be abolished. Due to computer disease or injury, all federal employees are thought to be unable to render useful and efficient service in any federal position, and are not qualified for reassignment until NSA and FBI computer pirates receive disability retirement under 5USC8337. 144 Force Reduction A. The United States has the highest rate of incarceration in the world. To continue progress made by the 114th Congress releasing non-violent offenders the United States must make it clear that there will be No arbitrary arrest, detention or exile under Art. 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To define and punish piracy under Art. 1 Sec. 8 Clause 10 of the United States Constitution, and stop the federal government from murdering, a force reduction by expiration of commission is needed to prohibit the Volstead Act, once and for all, under Art. 2 Sec. 3 of the US Constitution. The FBI and DEA are terrorist organizations that must be abolished to prevent them from continuing to intimidate and coerce the civilian population and affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping under 18USC2331. Abolishing these Volstead Act terrorists will save $13 billion justice department spending + $6 billion state department conversion to international assistance = $19 billion settlement under the Slavery Convention of 1926 and Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956). 1. Justice Department should account for the abolition of corrupt finance for FBI, DEA and state and local justice assistance grants by giving deadly bribes due process as  undistributed offsetting receipts for the first payments of the reduced Justice Department agency budget request in the beginning of the next fiscal year. State Department military spending reductions should be converted to official development assistance for the world-wide welfare benefits of the United Nations under Art. 36 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. B. The US Marshall is the only only federal law enforcement agency employable by the Department of Justice. In fact, as a consequence of having taken the Secretary of Education hostage for the protection of schools against Congressionally incited FBI intoxicated rampage shooters, it is the Attorney General who must be taken into the legal custody of the US Marshall. The United States must protect all people against the unlawful terrorist attacks and false accusations of the FBI and DEA. Due to disease or injury, the FBI and DEA are unable to render useful and efficient service in the employee s position, and are not qualified for reassignment, and therefore immediately due disability retirement under 5USC8337(a). Congress must repeal the Authority for Employment of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Senior Executive Service under 5USC3151-3152. Furthermore the clause, 'or to a member of the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service' must be repealed from the end of 5USC5301(b). 1. Funding for these agencies, who perpetuated several drug wars in the White House and abroad constitutes Treason under 18USC2381 and Provision of Material Support for Terrorists under 18USC2339A(a) for Possession of firearms and dangerous weapons in Federal facilities 930(c), Hostage taking 1203, Government property or contracts 1361, and Communication lines, stations, systems 1362. If terrorism is construed by Congress as being too descriptive of politics and law (under the influence of FBI computer piracy and false accusations), let the tenfold increase in opiate overdoses since 2001 serve as the definitive murder conviction under 18USC1111. C. Expiration of commissions: the Judiciary US Sentencing Commission, Justice Department FBI, DEA, (ATF), OJP Community Policing, State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance, US Marshall's Drug and Crime Task Force, and White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) need to be abolished because their expansive enforcement constitutes 'forced labor' under the Slavery Convention of 1926 that constitutes a levy for war to law enforcement officers under Art. 3(3) of the US Constitution that is easily ruled unnecessary to the Paperwork Reduction Act under 44USC3508. State Department funding for International Narcotic Control and Law Enforcement, International Military Education and Training, Foreign Military Finance, and War Crime Tribunal funding, including the residuals, constitute Provision of Material Support for Terrorism under 18USC2339A(a) for a Conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim or injure persons or damage property in a foreign country under 18USC956. 1. The Judiciary Court of International Trade of the United States (COITUS) needs to change its name to Customs Court (CC). Congress needs to amend Title 22 Foreign Relations and Intercourse (a-FRaI-d) to be Foreign Relations (FR-ee). The Justice Department Bureau for Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) needs to change its name to Bureau for Firearms and Explosives (FE) and legislate a share of the federal tax revenues generated by sales of firearms and ammunition and fees for criminal background checks and possible new tax on explosives in 27 CFR Part 2. The Treasury needs to change the name of the Alcohol, Tobacco, Tax and Trade Bureau (ATTTB) to Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana (ATM) pursuant to the legalization of marijuana and 27 CFR Part 1 under the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956). 2. Furthermore, it is necessary to amend Title 22 Foreign Relations and Intercourse (a-FRaI-d) to be Foreign Relations (FR-ee), repeal the word 'enforcement' from federal education statute for offending the 'forced labor' abolished by the Slavery Convention of 1926 in at least two places (1) 'enforcement of Section 111' at 20USC112 needs to be repealed under the 21st Amendment and, (2) the words 'enforcement of' must be removed from the caption of Part 1200 of Title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations so that it states, Nondiscrimination on the basis of Handicap in programs or activities conducted by the National Council on Disability at the end of Education statute 34CFR1200.170, and (ii) General Definitions of the Office of Museum and Library Services at 20USC9101(1) replaced with (1) No stalking in the library 18USC2261A(2). To provide single parents with more secure state settlement option 'Enforcement' also needs to be repealed from 'Child Support' in Title IV-D Sec. 466 of the Social Security Act under 42USC666. 145 Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Bureau A. The Treasury needs to change the name of the Alcohol, Tobacco, Tax and Trade Bureau (ATTTB or TTB) to Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana (ATM) to remind everyone to pay in cash for alcohol, tobacco and the legalization of marijuana under the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (1956), The Department of Health and Human Services Food (HHS) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) may be abolished, CHIPRA 2009 and Tobacco Control Act repealed for inciting teenagers to throw green tomatoes at the 2015 tobacco harvest, and then throat infections incidental to the fines of the FDA inspectors, all very damaging to the throat. Tobacco mosaic virus is so often used as a reason to keep tobacco plants away from tomato plants. Green tomatoes must be fried in oil for three minutes on each side. 1. The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) is a bureau under the Department of the Treasury. TTB employs some 470 people across the country, including at the Headquarters Offices and the National Revenue Center (incarceration rate higher than 1,000 detainees per 100,000 residents and 50% of state death row population with only 4% of the population). There is no reason that the ATM must federally tax marijuana at its inception. The TTB should relocate to safer recreational marijuana state with lower risk of incitement to the crime of genocide under 18USC1091. Alcohol and tobacco sales and state regulators need to demonstrate better privacy protection so that TTB will not invade the privacy of consumers so unwise as to pay for alcohol, tobacco and legal marijuana with a debit or credit card other than cash under 42USC2000a. 2. Although the tax on small cigars seems to have been worked out by counting each small cigarette and small cigar as one five cent tax unit, in a pack of 20. The roll-your-own tobacco tax rate needs to be reduced from $24.78 to $1.0969 per pound, the pre-CHIPRA rate. As the result of this tax roll-your-own consumers shifted to rolling pipe tobacco. Organic certification came and went and is currently not available except by American Spirit. To give roll-your-own tobacco the equal protection of the clause 26USC6423(c) taxpayers must somehow be reimbursed to the full extent of their loss. Loss can be estimated, first by reverting back to the old rate for a lengthy number of years, and second by letting tobacco products to go tax free if they are certified organic. Calculating the full extent of loss by dividing the excessive tax hike on hand-rolling tobacco by the 158 percent and multiplying by the years the excessive rate was in effect, $1.0969 for 13.5 years a year, 108 years from FY 2017 for roll-your own under 27CFR40.25a. Tax free organic tobacco. 3. Twenty-six states and the District of Columbia currently have laws legalizing marijuana in some form. Three other states will soon join them after recently passing measures permitting use of medical marijuana. Seven states and the District of Columbia have adopted more expansive laws legalizing marijuana for recreational use. Most recently, California, Massachusetts and Nevada all passed measures in November legalizing recreational marijuana. State tax revenues generated by a +/- 25% tax on the sale of recreational marijuana have exceeded expectations and in 2016 the state of Colorado, Washington and Oregon earned more than a billion dollars in tax revenues. Prison grown marijuana would be safer way to supply jails than the evidence rooms. 12 ounces of beer is the safest treatment for delirium tremons 15% fatal. Alcoholics who behave in jail should be rationed one beer a day. Four oz. beer a day is thought to be much safer for alcoholic pregnant mothers than the antidepressant Zyprexa (olanzapine). Title 6 Human Services 146 Graduation of Human Services A. It has long been held (1) the Military Department (MD) must graduate from the Secretary of Defense Reorganization Act of 1949, (2) a Department of Human Services (DHS) and a Public Health Department (PHD) from the Education Reorganization Act of 1978, and (3) Customs from the Homeland Security Act of 2002. To prevent true federal public health outlays from exceeding $1 trillion FY 18 it is high time to create an independent Cabinet-level Department of Human Services (HS). It is high time for HS to graduate so that federal outlays for child and family benefits would be free to grow 4% annually. The Health Department must focus upon getting under the $1 trillion federal health outlay limbo bar until 2020 and reducing national health expenditures (NHE) to less than 10% of GDP by 2030. While the Health Department may be subjected to zero growth rules to less than graduate from the Public Health Department (PHD) to prevent true federal health spending from exceeding $1 trillions FY 18. HS FY 18 budget details 2.5% growth in outlays for administration, 3% growth for social work and child care and 4% growth in family benefits under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 18 December 1979 and child benefits under Art. 26 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 2 September 1990. B. Human (HS) Services was coined as part of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) in the Education Reorganization Act of 1978. Human services degrees are, in order of political competence - social work, child development, psychology, addiction studies and mental health. Finance for federal and state human services employees, benefit and grant programs are accounted for by the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Administration for Community Living (ACL) and Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). ACF is the second largest agency in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1. The plan is that SSI would be paid off-budget by SSA when the rich are taxed the 12.4% Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance (OASDI) trust funds tax on all their income to end child poverty FY18 and poverty FY20. It is advised that WHOMB make certain changes the outlay by agency ledger to recognize the graduation of HS. First, change the historical name of Social Security on-budget spending, the SSI program, to Human Services (HS). Second, make accurate notation of total SSI outlays in this historical HS row. Third, graduate HS FY 18 so that it replaces Social Security on-budget whereas SSI is going off-budget if the rich are taxed or is combined with SSI in the on-budget HS outlay row. The HS outlay row would remain fairly stable, double or triple as the result of adding HS to the current SSI overestimate by OMB and calling it HS. 2. Total human services spending is $59 billion FY 16, $64 billion FY 17 and $69 billion FY 18. Total accurate on-budget Social Security, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), spending was $59.1 billion FY 16 and $59.4 billion FY 17 and zero or $62 billion depending whether or not the rich are taxed FY 18. The combined total of HS and SSI is estimated at $118 billion FY 16, $124 billion FY 17 (4.4% growth), and $131 billion or $69 billion depending on whether or not the rich are taxed FY 18. Title 7 White House Office of Management and Budget 148 Growth Rules, 2.5% Administration, 3% Benefits A. As a rule of law agency spending increases 2.5% annually, in-kind welfare and cash benefits increase 3% and cash welfare benefit programs 4%. Engel s Law anticipates that with rising incomes, the share of expenditures for food and other products declines. The Iron Law of Wages is that if wages rise above subsistence level, they produce inflation, which in turn forces wages down to subsistence level again. Since 1980 inflation has been brought under control worldwide and is estimated to run at 2.7% in the interim. To maximize economic growth and employment, while minimizing inflation, it is necessary for government and industry spending to stabilize the income growth of the poor at 3% to stay ahead of inflation. 1. To legislate an automatic minimum wage three percent, should be affordable to employers so that irregular large increases in federal minimum wage do not result in layoffs due to private labor budget constraints, rounded to the nearest nickel, from $7.25 an hour 2009-2017 to '$7.50 in 2018 and three percent more every year thereafter.' in one final sentence under 29USC206(a)(1)(D). 2. To reduce HI spending, HI Trust Fund payroll tax rate needs to be cut an estimated 0.3% to 2.6% FY 18. Federal outlays for the HI Trust Fund would continue to go down to 2.5% FY 19 and 2.3% FY20 for the nice round figure of $250 billion federal health outlays to hospitals for zero growth until NHE is <10% of GDP. $250 billion HI payroll tax revenues FY 18 or $250 billion FY 2020? 6% annual growth in HI outlays has historically had a carcinogenic effect on the Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Funds, who also demand >5% annual growth of reluctant suppliers. All three federally financed Medicare programs are being punished for 30 years of hyperinflation with negative, zero to very low growth until NHE is <10% of GDP. Part B outlays are frozen at $300 billion benefit spending and $200 billion general revenues. Part D interest must be estimated after record asset accumulation in 2016 and outlays are frozen at exactly $100 billion in benefits and a commensurately diminishing amount of general revenues from $71.9 billion FY 17 to $66.6 billion FY 20. 3. To pay a 3% annual increase in benefits for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in normal years when beneficiary population growth is around 1% so total program spending growth = 4%. 15.9% growth in TANF spending from $17.3 billion FY 16 to $20.1 billion FY 17 must be sustained at 4% growth to $20.9 billion FY 18 rather than reduced to $17.3 billion FY 17 by the $17.3 billion misinformation contained in the Annualized Continuing Resolution FY 17 to $15.1 billion FY 18. ACF FY 17 spending growth is the only federal agency with high levels of growth that must be sustained FY 18. 4. To pay social security beneficiaries a three percent (3%) annual COLA (Cost-of-Living Adjustment) to stay ahead of 2.7% average annual consumer price index (CPI) inflation, in all years the OASDI trust fund ratio is >20% under Section 215(i) of the Social Security Act 42USC(7)415(i). a. To pay $777 SSI benefits, despite the attrition caused by $733 (2016) + 0.3% COLA = $735 (2017), that wants a 5.7% COLA. Because the number of OASI beneficiaries is growing very fast due to the retirement of the baby boomers, about 4% annually, a 5.7% COLA is too much to afford to pay all 70 million social security beneficiaries the back-payment they are due. Settlement can be reached with the Actuary at 2.7% COLA CY 18 to learn to respect the stability of the 2.7% CPI inflation CY18, and account for 3% COLA to exactly $777 SSI CY19 and stabilize under the 3% COLA law every year thereafter. 5. To calculate government administration, maximum benefits, managerial and professional wage growth % raise + % new hires = 2.5%. For example, the Defense is troubled by the  pre-decisional levy for war from $582 billion to $606 billion FY 17 and then to $639 billion FY 18. Because the FY 17 budget total growth is anemic and the FY 18 on steroids, the compromise is to stabilize Defense spending at 2.5% annual growth from $580 billion FY16 to $595 billion FY 17 to $609 billion FY 18 so end-strength might grow at 0.9% annually from 2,882,000 FY 16 to 2,907,938 FY 17 to 2,934,109 FY 18 and enjoy the 1.6% basic pay raise FY17 and thereafter in peace. 6. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) FY 18 budget makes changes to FY 16 and FY 17 spending to explain much lower outlay totals, $138 billion FY 16, $133 billion FY 17 and $140 billion FY 18, than previously given $153 billion FY 16 to $152 billion FY 17. Reason being the wild inflation in congressional budget authority of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and off-budget lending of the Rural Business Cooperative, financed with electricity fees, must be deleted from the outlay table, to begin to count the historical undistributed offsetting receipts since FY 15. The public is highly dissatisfied with SNAP welfare benefit growth that should be 3% annually = % increase in benefit amount + % increase in beneficiaries. After correcting for mathematical error, with 3% increase in SNAP spending FY 18 the USDA is estimated to produce $12.4 billion undistributed offsetting receipts from $128 billion in actual outlays and $140 billion in federal outlays. 149 To WHOMB A. The dead-beat President has not submitted budget contents to Congress in the first week of January or February under 31USC1105. Annualized Continuing Resolution for Fiscal Year 17 (CR17) directs agencies to submit their FY 18 congressional budget justifications by July 16 under 31USC1106. Abusive budget cuts of statutory programs are not governed by same laws as corporate downsizing, that would also be criminally compromised by the budget director's addition deficit disorder; budget cuts are due criminal process for attrition, negative, zero or unsatisfactory growth lost to inflation, on the rational basis of deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246. The robbery of civilian government to pay for the military constitutes advocacy of the overthrow of the government by force under 18USC2385 and treason under 18USC2381. Arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC81 constitutes harbor and concealment of terrorists under 18USC2339C. As anticipated there is barely enough time to update this act and budget table in time for the summer solstice; the codification of the budget should be done by July 16. 1. The primary finding is that to reduce the current fiscal year deficit and historical deficit and debt OMB must abolish the Allowances, Independent Agencies, Other Defense Civil Programs, Undistributed Offsetting Receipts off-budget rows because are not agencies instrumental to calculating Outlays by Agency under 31USC101. These rows are duplicitous, unnecessary, coerce the total overthrow of the federal budget and need to be abolished by the Paperwork Reduction Act under 44USC3508. Although there is reason to believe that the debt relief from deleting Other Defense Civil Programs only goes back to 2009, the historical restoration needed to sustain such an argument is offensive, and Other Independent Agencies is certainly a historical zero sum, so in the future publications of the Historical Tables these row shall be deleted to calculate accurate historical federal Total Outlays. While crime may not pay, accounting right does. B. To calculate the total on-budget outlays WHOMB Outlays by Agency Historical Table 4.1 must make exact note of the federal outlays estimated by every agency in the annual congressional budget requests by the heads of the executive departments under Article 2 Section 2 of the United States Constitution that overrules any professional opinions regarding agency spending OMB might have. A human rights case is needed for WHOMB to dispute agency federal spending estimates made in their annual congressional budget requests. (1) Agency budget proposals must be consistent with system-wide priorities for maintaining and improving the quality of federal statistics maintained by WHOMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act as codified at 44USC3504(e)(2). (2) OMB must disregard off-budget undistributed offsetting receipts and take exact note of the off-budget total social security revenues and expenditures reported in the Annual Report of the Federal Old Age Survivor Insurance Trust Fund and Federal Disability Insurance Trust fund in the off-budget to calculate total Revenues, Outlays, Surplus (or Deficit) in Table 1.1. (3) Agency budget offices must be solicited for their year by year opinions regarding the historical accuracy of the Historical Tables to express federal outlays made by their agencies. After all the agencies have reported their final opinions and WHOMB has preserved the old record for posterity, reduce the historical deficit and debt by being mathematically accurate. C. There was reported to be a significant increase in on-budget Other Independent Agency outlays from $9.1 billion FY 14 to $15.9 billion FY 16, to $22.1 billion FY 17 and $22.3 billion FY 18, 48% average annual growth since FY15. Other Independent agencies are poorly accounted for by OMB and must be reviewed by the newly created Department of Human Services (HS) as a list of allegedly orphaned Independent Agency programs for adoption who actually ran away from their parent Cabinet administration. There are more than 161 programs Other Independent Agency net outlays listed. The vast majority the entries are obviously duplicates of, or make reference to lawful Cabinet agency spending already accounted for in annual agency congressional budget justifications. In 2009 OMB made a similar declaration pertaining to Other Defense Civil Programs row that is no longer available online and needs to be repealed to reduce the deficit, hopefully since 2009 when the payments appear to have ceased to be justified by an equivalent value of undistributed offsetting receipts. Continuing Resolution (CR17) was used to press OMBs more than 200 employees to show what donuts and coffee can do in eight hours. OMB does not provide a balance sheet for independent agencies and the Director does not exhibit the ability to produce an accurate ledge of Cabinet outlays. What OMB did is hold every agency on the CR17 list who did not appear in their hopper, or provide adequate financial information, often federal revenues or general fund offsetting receipts, to the public, in contempt. The legality of this approach is open to allegation of deprivation of relief benefits under 18USC246, coercion, forced labor and complete historical abolition of the entire billion dollar amounts listed in both the on and off-budget Independent Agency rows of OMB Historical Table 4 to reduce total spending and deficit in Table 1. Budget cuts  Note - A full-year 2017 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, the budget assumes this account is operating under the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L. 114 254). The amounts included for 2017 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution for fiscal year 2017 (CR17). 1. Agencies have until July 16 to submit supplemental requests for the new fiscal year October 1. Agencies who were subjected to arbitrary spending cuts are challenged to defend their budgets to public secure in the knowledge that their politics will resolve at an annualized rate of 2.5% growth in net outlays, if they are not abolished or wish to report some substantially justified deviation from the norm such as general revenues or the marginal OMB practice of offsetting receipts. Significant deviation, such as negative growth is indicated by prior year data. If no year is listed that means FY18 is undisputed. If no spending is listed that means $0 net outlays. Are there truly any independent agencies who would be orphaned by the abolition of on and off-budget Other Independent Agency rows, whose budgets should be adopted by the Human Services (HS) fiscal year budget? The list of programs financed FY include (1) Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access Board) $8 million. (2) Administrative Conference of the United States $3 million. (3) Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. (4) Advisory Council on Historic Preservation $6 million. (4) Appalachian Regional Commission $142 million. (5) Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence Foundation $3 million. (6) Broadcasting Board of Governors $705 million. (7) Foreign Service National Separation Liability Trust Fund, State Department (8) Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection $626 million, Federal Reserve. (9) Central Intelligence Agency $514 million. (10) Chemical Safety and Hazard Board $9 million. (11) Commission of Fine Arts $3 million. (12) Committee for the Purchase form People who Blind or Severely Disabled $6 million. (13) Commodity Futures Trading Commission $272 million. (14) Consumer Products Safety Commission $124 million. (15) Corporation for National and Community Service $296 million FY 18 down from $829 million FY 17. (16) Payment to the National Service Trust $296 million FY 18 down from $829 million FY 17. (17) Payment to the National Service Trust $0 FY 18 $220 million F Y17 and Inspector General $94 million. (18) VISTA Advance Payments Revolving Fund $414 million FY 17 $15 million FY 18. (19) Corporation for Public Broadcasting $485 FY 17 $30 million FY 18. (20) Council of the Inspector General on Integrity and Efficiency 0. (21) Court Services and Offender Supervision in the District of Columbia $254 million. (22) Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board $30 million. (23) Delta Regional Authority $30 million FY 17 $23 million FY 18. (24) Denali Commission $21 million. (25) Federal Payment to the District of Columbia Courts $263 million. (26) Federal Payment for Defender Services in the District of Columbia Courts $57 million.(27) District of Columbia Crime victims Compensation Fund $7 million FY 17 $6 million FY 18. (28) Federal Payment to the District of Columbia Judicial Retirement and Survivor Annuity Fund $15 million. (29) Federal Payment for District of Columbia Resident Student Support $40 million FY 17 $30 million FY 18. (30) Federal Payment for School Improvement $45 million. (31) Federal Payment for the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority $22 million FY 17 $16 million FY 18. (32) Federal Payment for Emergency Planning and Security Costs in the District of Columbia $13 million. (33) Federal Payment to the District of Columbia Pension Fund $463 million. (34) District of Columbia Federal Pension Fund $564 million FY 17 $562 million FY 18. (35) Federal Payment for Water and Sewer Service. (36) General Fund Receipt Account $1. (37) Election Assistance Commission $7 million. (38) Election Reform Programs. (39) Election data collection grants. (40) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission $364 million. (41) EEOC Education, Technical Assistance and Training Revolving Fund -$3 million. (42) Export Import Bank of the United States $5 million. (43) Ex-Im Bank Program $188 million Fy 17 $21 million FY 18. (44) Debt Reduction Financing Account -3 million. (45) Direct Loan Financing Account -2,664 million. (46) Guaranteed Loan Financing Account -168 million FY 17 $54 million FY 18. (47) Liquidating Account -15 million. (48) General Fund Off setting Receipts from the Public $1,199 FY 17 $492 million FY 18. (49) Farm Credit Administration. (50) Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation -478 million. (51) Federal Communications Commission $9 million. (52) Universal Service Fund free government cell phone etc. $11,131 million. (53) Spectrum Auction Program Account $500 million. (54) Spectrum License Fees. (56) General Funds Receipt Accounts $76 million. (57) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation -12,522 million, (58) FSLIC Resolution Fund -9 million. (59) Orderly Liquidation Fund $1,867 million. (60) FDIC Inspector General $39 million. (61) Federal Drug Control Programs $212 million. (62) Other Federal Drug Control Programs $120 million. (63) Federal Election Commission $84 million FY 17 $72 million FY 18. (64) Federal Financial Institution Examination Council $23 million. (65) Federal Housing Finance Agency $263 million. (66) Federal Labor Relations Authority $26 million. (67) Federal Maritime Commission $26 million. (68) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service $51 million FY 17 $49 million FY 18. (69) Federal Mine Safety and Heath Review Commission $17 million. (70) Federal Trade Commission $191 million. (71) Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council -188 million FY 17 $87 million FY 18. (72) Harry S. Truman Memorial Scholarship Foundation $ 2 million. (73) Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development $12 million. (74) Institute of Museum and Library Services $234 million FY 17 $176 million FY 18 . (75) Intelligence Community Management Account $550 million. (76) International Trade Commission $99 million FY 17 $88 million FY 18. (77) James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation $2 million. (78) Japan-United States Friendship Commission $ 3million. (79) Legal Services Corporation $370 million FY 17 $63 million FY 18. (80) Marine Mammal Commission $ 3 million. (81) Merit System Protection Board $44 million. (82) Military Compensation and Retirement Modernization Commission $2 million. (83) Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation $2 million. (84) Environmental Dispute Resolution Fund $3 million FY 17 $2 million FY 18. (85) National Archives and Records Administration $349 million FY 17 $339 million FY 18. (86) NARA Inspector General $4 million. (87) Repairs and Restorations $15 million FY 17 $10 million FY 18. (88) NARA Grants Programs $7 million FY 17 $3 million FY 18. (89) Record Center Revolving Funds -1 million. (90) National Archives Gift Fund $3 million. (90) National Archives Trust Fund. (91) National Capital Planning Commission $8 million. (92) National Council on Disability $3 million. (93) National Credit Union Administration $1. (94) Credit Union Share Insurance Fund -648 million. (95) Temporary Corporate Credit Union Stabilization Fund -399 million. (96) Central Liquidity Facility -24 million. (97) National Endowment for the Arts $159 million FY 17 $131 million FY 18. (98) National Endowment for the Humanities $157 million FY 17 $96 million FY 18. (99) National Labor Relations Board $274 million FY 17 $258 million FY 18. (100) National Mediation Board $13 million. (101) National Railroad Passenger Corporation Office of the Inspector General $23 million. (102) National Transportation Safety Board $105 million. (103) Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation $175 million FY 17 $27 million FY 18. (104) Northern Border Regional Commission $ 2 million. (105) Nuclear Regulatory Commission $1,026 million FY 17 $951 million FY 18. (106) NRC Inspector General $12 million. (107) Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board $4 million. (108) Occupational Safety and Health Review Committee $12 million. (109) Office of Government Ethics $16 million. (110). Office of Hopi and Navajo Relocation $15 million. (111) Office of Special Counsel $25 million. (112) Commission to Eliminate Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities. (113) Patient Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund $150 million + $666 million program. (114) Postal Service Fund $58 million. (115) Postal Service Fund $4,946 million FY 17 $456 million FY 18. (116) USPS Paygo $500 million. (117) Office of the Inspector General $249 million FY 17 $235 million FY 18. (118) Postal Regulatory Commission $15 million FY 17 $14 million FY 18. (119) Presidio Trust -6 million. (120) Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board $11 million. (121) Public Buildings Reform Board $2 million. (122) Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia $40 million. (123) Payment to Puerto Rico Oversight Board $200 million FY 17 $150 million FY 18. (124) Railroad Retirement Board $25 million FY 17 $22 million FY 18. (124) Federal Payments to the Railroad Retirement Accounts $742 million. (125) Railroad Unemployment extended Benefits Payments and Recovery Act $0. (126) Railroad Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund $148 FY 17 $138 Fy 18. (127) Rail Industry Pension Fund $5,837 million Fy 17 $5,571 million FY 18. (128) Limitation on Administration (129) National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust $1,946 million. (130) Railroad Social Security Equivalent Benefit Account $7,805 million FY 17 $7,590 million FY 18. (131) Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board. (132) Security Exchange Commission $11 million FY 17 -168 million FY 18. (133) Securities and Exchange Commission Reserve Fund $67 million FY 17 $64 million FY 18. (134) Investor Protection Fund $33 million. (135) Smithsonian Institution $730 million (135) Facilities Capital $138 million FY 17 $135 million FY 18. (136) Capital Repair and Restoration $4 million FY 16 $28 million FY 17 $14 million FY 18 . (137) National Gallery of Art $123 million. (138) Repair Restoration and Renovation of Buildings $23 million. (139) State Justice Institute $5 million. (140) Surface Transportation Board $142 million (141) Tennessee Valley Authority -410 million FY 18 (142) United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims $34 million (143) Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims Retirement Fund $44 million. (144) United States Enrichment Corporation Board -13 million. (145) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum $99 million. (146) United States Institute of Peace $40 million FY 17 $28 million FY 18. (147) United States Interagency Council on Homelessness $6 million FY 17 $1 million FY 18. (148) Vietnam Education Foundation $4 million. (149) General Fund offsetting receipts $5 million. (150)Affordable Housing Program $360 million. (151) Corporation for Travel Promotion $100 million. (152) Electric Reliability Organization $100 million. (153) Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board $276 million. (154) Medical Center Research Organizations. (155) National Association of Registered Agents and Brokers $0 FY 16 $49 million FY 17 $49 million FY 18. (156) Public Company Accounting Oversight Board $276 million. (157) Securities Investor Protection Corporation $217 million. (158) Standard Setting Body $29 million. (159) United Mine Workers of America Benefits Fund $85 million FY 17 $77 million FY 18 (160) United Mine Workers of America 1992 Benefit Plan $69 million FY 17 $68 million FY 18 . (161) United Mine Workers of America 1993 Benefit Plan $45 million FY 17 $57 million FY 18. No. $0 Independent Agency outlays in the new Department of Human Services row in Historical Table 4 Outlay by Agency. There is only one God. Mohammed is his Messenger. Certified US Mail  Zero. 150 Fire the Arson!!! A. The United States Forest Service was convicted of committing arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction under 18USC81. The Forest Service burnt their National Forests intentionally by conventional means of kerosene, most of the burned acreage was however caused by iron dust instead of silver iodide cloud seeding missiles to cause lightning, the most frequent cause of large forest fires that get quite large because they are randomly ignited in multiple areas and inaccessible to fire fighters. Forest Service contractors were also noted to have afflicted the deer population with fleas, put leeches in several popular lakes a century after introducing gold bugs to attack the allegedly non-native medicinal St. John's wort in 1916 that stills grows unharvested in commercial quantities in the National Forest. 1. Slash and burn forest labor, popularized by the Forest Service, needs to be abolished under the Slavery Convention of 1926 just like the non-law enforcement, personated by the FBI, who brought murder by poison hemlock and dimethoxymethylamphetamine (DOM) exposed slasher into the equation. DOM is a topical preparation that causes a three day panic attack 50 times more hallucinogenic than mescaline and six months of recovery from severe mental illness if it is not washed off with water. The environmentally destructive anti-medical terrorism of unscientific arsonian government is mostly attributed to the excruciating pain caused by pyromania acquired Streptococcus pyogenes + hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) = toxic shock syndrome causes to communities already suffering from high levels of smoke in the air. Staph resistance is specially treated by doxycycline or doxycycline hyclate, the once a day antibiotic, or clindamycin in children under age 8 and pregnant women. Staph heart attacks are 50% fatal hospital admissions. Strep rheumatic heart disease causes a 25% chance of dying from heart attack in 10 years if untreated with just about any unadulterated broad-spectrum antibiotic. B. The US Forest Service is penalized with FY 18 USDA budget request estimates and may need to be entirely abolished by the Interior Department (ID) for committing the crimes, their contractors have always committed in national forests and on private land, so close to the arson terrorized city they got caught. Arson is a crime of both harbor and concealment of terrorists under 18USC2339 and provision of material support for terrorism under 18USC2339A that completely compromises the federal jurisdiction under the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) corrupt  full support for fire suppression command of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The inter-jurisdictional immunity of the county parks seems necessary to avoid the pyromania impaired politics of the Democratic-Republican (DR) two party system. 1. The customary resolution of forest fires is a $36 million fine per square mile (640 acres) under Fire 36CFR261.5 however the Forest Service and National Forests have been implicated in so many fires across the West that the United States needs a lesson that crime does not pay. County parks are called upon to charge the United States for the arson damages caused by the Forest Service and to public lands ineptly protected as National Forests. The Forest Service budget cut from $5.7 FY 17 and $5.3 billion FY 18 Forest Service budget is accelerated with a $400 million fine FY 17 and $400 million fine FY 18 to fire the arsons who because of pyromaniac disease or injury, are unable to render useful and efficient service in the employee s position are not qualified for reassignment, and therefore due disability retirement under 5USC8337(a). 2. These fines should be paid to county parks to be shared, as needed, with fire districts responsible for dismantling, chipping and chucking the slash piles left littering arsoned national and other forests. In FY 18 due process shall be given to the FY 17 Fire Season to abolish the Forest Service and re-invest the entire $5.3 billion FY 18 Forest Service budget into improving the hourly wage, benefits, cartographic and logistical support of the county park supervised Trump Trails worker. The Secretary or National Park Foundation shall receive the donations of land and money surrendered to County Park supervision under 54USC101101-101120 et seq. The objective is that Trump Trail(s) coast to coast will turn the nation into a park connected by hiking trails and decommission abusive logging and other roads. The end of the law is that, any person or instrumentality who destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any parkland is liable to the United States for response costs and damages resulting from the destruction, loss, or injury under 54USC100722. Be it enacted in the House and Senate assembled Part 5 Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve 151 Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve There are reserved from settlement, entry, sale, or other disposal all those certain tracts, pieces, or parcels of land lying and being situated in the State of South Dakota and within the boundaries particularly described as follows: Beginning at the southwest corner of section 18, township 7 south, range 6 east, Black Hills meridian; thence east to the southeast corner of said section 18; thence south to the southwest corner of the northwest quarter of section 20; thence east to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of section 21; thence north to the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of section 9; thence west to the center of section 7; thence south to the southwest corner of the southeast quarter of section 7; thence west to the northwest corner of section 18; thence south to the place of beginning, all in township 7 south, range 6 east, Black Hills meridian, in Fall River County, South Dakota: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to affect any valid rights acquired in connection with any of the lands embraced within the limits of said reserve. 152 Name; control, rules and regulations Said reserve shall be known as the Battle Mountain Sanitarium Reserve, and shall be under the exclusive control of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs in connection with the Battle Mountain Sanitarium at Hot Springs, South Dakota, whose duty it shall be to prescribe such rules and regulations and establish such service as the Secretary may consider necessary for the care and management of the same. 153 Perfecting bona fide claims to lands; exchange of private lands In all cases of unperfected bona fide claims lying within the said boundaries of said reserve, which claims have been properly initiated prior to September 2, 1902, said claims may be perfected upon compliance with the requirements of the laws respecting settlement, residence, improvements, and so forth, in the same manner in all respects as claims are perfected to other Government lands: Provided, That to the extent that the lands within said reserve are held in private ownership the Secretary of the Interior is authorized in his discretion to exchange therefore public lands of like area and value, which are surveyed, vacant, un-appropriated, not mineral, not timbered, and not required for reservoir sites or other public uses or purposes. The private owners must, at their expense and by appropriate instruments of conveyance, surrender to the Government a full and unencumbered right and title to the private lands included in any exchange before patents are issued for or any rights attached to the public lands included therein, and no charge of any kind shall be made for issuing such patents. Upon completion of any exchange the lands surrendered to the Government shall become a part of said reserve in a like manner as if they had been public lands at the time of the establishment of said reserve. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to authorize the issuance of any land scrip, and the State of South Dakota is granted the privilege of selecting from the public lands in said State an equal quantity of land in lieu of such portions of section sixteen included within said reserve as have not been sold or disposed of by said State and are not covered by an unperfected bona fide claim as above mentioned. 154 Unlawful intrusion, or violation of rules and regulations All persons who shall unlawfully intrude upon said reserve, or who shall without permission appropriate any object therein or commit unauthorized injury or waste in any form whatever upon the lands or other public property therein, or who shall violate any of the rules and regulations prescribed hereunder, shall, upon conviction, be fined in a sum not more than $1,000, or be imprisoned for a period not more than twelve months, or shall suffer both fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. 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Health United States 2014: With Special Feature on Adults Aged 55-64. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS); Center for Disease Control (CDC); National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) 2015 --Health, United States 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Disparities. HHS, CDC, NCHS. 2016 BLS. Unemployment.  HYPERLINK "http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet?data_tool=latest_numbers&series_id=LNS14000000"No. LNS14000000. 12 June 2006 Cahalane, Helen; Sites, Edward. The Climate of Child Welfare Employee Retention. Child Welfare League of America. Vol. 87 No. 1. 2008. 91-114  HYPERLINK "http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/poisoning.htm" Califano v. Boles,  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=443&invol=282" \l "283"443 U.S. 282, 283 (1979) Califano v. Goldfarb  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&navby=year&year=1977"430 US 199 (1977) Califano v. 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Committee on Appropriations, to which was referred the bill (H.R. 2250) making appropriations for the Legislative Branch for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2016, and for other purposes, having considered the same reports favorably thereon with an amendment and recommends that the bill as amended do pass. Senate Report 114-64. June 11, 2015 Cappadora v. Anthony J. Celebreeze 356 F 2d. 1, 4 (CA2 1996) Census Bureau  HYPERLINK "http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/007419.html"Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States Center for Disease Control. Poisoning in the United States: Fact Sheet.  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B, Title Xxxiv, Sec. 3405(B) of Oct. 17, 2000 Child Support Program Title IV-D of the Social Security Act Sec. 466 42USC666 et seq Civil Rights Act of 1875 Civil Rights Act of 1964  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/21/subchapters/v/sections/section_2000d.html"42USC(21)V2000d Civil Rights Act of 21 November 1991 ( HYPERLINK "http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/cra91.html"Pub. L. 102-166) Civil Rights Cases  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=109&invol=3"109 U.S. 3 (1883) Chesser, Judy. The Disability Insurance Program  Securing Today and Tomorrow for 60 Years. Deputy Commissioner Legislation and Congressional Affairs. Social Security Matters. August 18, 2016 Clackamas Gastroenterology Associates PC v. Wells  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&navby=case&vol=000&invol=01-1435"No. 01-1435 (2003) Class Actions Fed. Rule Civ. Proc. 23 Clayton Anti-Trust Act  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/15/chapters/1/sections/section_15.html"15USC(1)15 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 Collins, Francis S. National Institutes of Health. Justification for Estimates for Appropriations Committees. Department of Health and Human Services. February 9, 2016 Colvin, Carolyn W. Annual Report of the Supplemental Security Income Program. Social Security Administration. 2014 Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, other officers Sec. 702 of the Social Security act  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/vii/sections/section_902.html"42USC(7)VII902 Committee on Ways and Means Oversight Subcommittee Joint Hearing on Economic Stimulus Payments OV-9. June 19, 2008 Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security Hearing on Protecting Social Security Beneficiaries from Predatory Lending and Other Harmful Financial Institution Practices SS-7. June 24, 2008 Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (62 Stat.1070; 15 U.S.C. 714) Community Reinvestment Act of 1977  HYPERLINK "http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode12/usc_sec_12_00002908----000-.html"12USC(30)2908 Computation of benefit Sec. 215 of the Social Security Act  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/ii/sections/section_415.html"42USC(7)415 Conditions of participation for home health agencies; home health quality  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xviii/parts/d/sections/section_1395bbb.html"42USC(7)XVIII-D1395bbb Congressional Budget Office. An Update to the Budget and Economic Outlook. 2014-2024. August 2014 Congressional Budget Office. Background Paper: Factors Underlying the Growth in Medicare s Spending for Physicians Services.  HYPERLINK "http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/81xx/doc8193/06-06-MedicareSpending.pdf"June 2007 Congressional Budget Office. Budget Options.  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CPI Detailed Report.  HYPERLINK "http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpid1204.pdf"April 2012 Credits against tax  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/c/chapters/23/sections/section_3302.html"26USC(C)(23)3302 Cut and injure trees 18USC1853 Danziger, Sheldon, University of Michigan; Gottschalk, Peter, Boston College. Wage Inequality, Earnings, Inequality and Poverty in the US Over the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century.  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Washington, DC: Census Bureau.  HYPERLINK "http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/censr-4.pdf"October15,2002 Demonstration Projects Sec. 305 of the Social Security Act 42USC505 Department of Education Appropriations Act FY 17 Department of Education Re-organization Act of May 4, 1980 20USC3508, Secretary of Health and Human Services by P.L. 96-88, 509, approved October 17, 1979. The Department of Health and Human Services re-designation was effective May 4, 1980 (45 Federal Register 29642; May 5, 1980). The Department of Education which was established by P.L. 96 88 was activated May 4, 1980 (Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980; 45 Federal Register 29557; May 5, 1980) Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress. 98 pages.  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January-March 2008. 97-117 Disability Benefits Payments  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/ii/sections/section_423.html"42USC(7)II423 Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 Disability Determination  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/ii/sections/section_421.html"42USC(7)II421 Disability Insurance Benefit Payments  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/ii/sections/section_423.html"42USC(7)II423 Disability Provisions Inapplicable if Benefit Rights Impaired  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/ii/sections/section_420.html"42USC(7)II420 Disability Retirement 5USC8337 Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Public Law 93-288 42USC5121-5206 Disaster Relief Fund FY 2014- FY2016 Disposition of the effects of deceased 24USC420 Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn t Want to be Free: Laws for the Internet Age. McSweeneys s San Francisco. 2014 Donovan, Suan. Historical Tables of the White House Office of Management and Budget. FY 2017 Du Boise, W.E. Burghardt. The Freedmen s Bureau. Atlantic Monthly  HYPERLINK "http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/dhuff/history/chapts/pdf/freedmens-bureau.pdf"87 (1901): 354-365 Ducharme, Lori J.; Knudsen, Hannah K.; Roman, Paul M. Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention in Human Service Occupations: The Protective Role of Coworker Support. Sociological Spectrum. Vol. 28 No. 1 January-February 2008. 81-104 Duty of Financial Institutions  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/12/chapters/35/sections/section_3411.html"12USC(35)3411 Dychtwald, Ken Phd. Age Power: How the 21st Century will be Ruled by the New Old. Putnam. New York. 1999  HYPERLINK "http://www.title24uscode.org/lifeexpectancy.htm"HA-4-4-05 Economic Security Act (H. R. 7260) August 14, 1935 (Public Law 74-271); disability P.L. 86-778 of 1960, medicare P.L. 89-97 July 30, 1965, supplemental security income Public Law 92-603, Social Security Act 21 Titles, 1-2110, Title 42 of the United States Code Chapter 7 Subchapters I-XXI 301-1397jj Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 P.L. 110-185 February 13, 2008 Eligibility for SSI benefits  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xvi/parts/a/sections/section_1382.html"42USC(7)XVI-A1382 Emergency Unemployment Compensation Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-164) Emergency Unemployment Compensation Amendment of 1993 (Public Law 103-6) Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/29/chapters/18/subchapters/i/subtitles/a/sections/section_1002.html"29 U.S.C. 1002 Employment Act of 1946 Employment Retirement Income Security Program  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/29/chapters/18/subchapters/i/subtitles/b/parts/5/sections/section_1133.html"29USC(18)1BV1133 Enomoto, Kana. Acting Administrator. Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration. FY 2017 Justification for Estimates for Appropriations Committees. Department of Health and Human Services. 2016 Enforcing Federal Law with Respect to Transnational Criminal Organizations and Preventing International Trafficking, Executive Order No. 13773 (Feb. 14, 2017) Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, Executive Order No. 13768 (Jan. 30, 2017) Entmacher, Joan. Vice President and Director of Family Economic Security, National Women s Law Center. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Social Security of the House Committee on Ways and Means. Hearing on Social Security Benefits for Economically Vulnerable Beneficiaries.  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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): Size and Characteristics of the Cash Assistance Caseload. Congressional Research Service. 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Federal Insurance Office 31USC313 Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xviii/parts/a/sections/section_1395i.html"42USC(7)XVIII-A1395i Federal Loans for State welfare programs  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/iv/parts/a/sections/section_606.html"42USC(7)IVA606 Federal Minimum Wage, Fair Labor Standards Act 29USC206 Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Federal Reserve Act of 1977 Federal parent locator  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/iv/parts/d/sections/section_653.html"42USC(7)IV-D653 Federal participation in payments for repairs to home owned by recipient of aid or assistance  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xi/parts/a/sections/section_1319.html"42USC(7)XI-A1319 Federal Supplemental Medical Insurance Trust Fund  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xviii/parts/b/sections/section_1395t.html"42USC(7)SVIII-B1395t Federal TANF & State MOE Financial Data FY 2015 FTC v. Indiana Federation of Dentists  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=476&invol=447&pageno=459"476 U.S. 447, 459 (1986) Ferrara, Peter. America s Ticking Bankruptcy Bomb: How the Looming Debt Crisis Threatens the American Dream  and How We Cant Turn the Tide Before It s Too Late. Broadside Books. Harper Collins. New York. 2011 Final Report of the Presidents Commission titled Strengthening Social Security and Creating Personal Wealth for all Americans of  HYPERLINK "http://www.csss.gov/reports/Final_report.pdf"December 2001 Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 Fire 36CFR261.5 Flemming v. 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Inter-American Development Bank  HYPERLINK "http://www.title24uscode.org/oportunidades.htm"HA-7-1-05 Organization certificate; acknowledgment; forwarding to, filing, and approval by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; permit to do business; body corporate; name; seal; corporate succession; contracts; suits; directors, officers, and employees; bylaws  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/12/chapters/6/subchapters/ii/sections/section_614.html"12USC(6)614 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) DACNews HYPERLINK "http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/51/38348577.htm"April 2007 Orszag, Peter R. Comparative Effectiveness of Medical Treatments: Options for Expanded Federal Role before the Subcommittee on Health on Ways and Means US House of Representatives.  HYPERLINK "http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/82xx/doc8209/Comparative_Testimony.pdf"12 June 2007 Ostroph, Stephen M. Acting Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration. FY 2017 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committees. Department of Health and Human Services. February 9, 2016 Overpayments 26USC6401 Overpayment Sec. 204 of the Social Security Act 42USC404 Pacificare Health Systems, Inc. v. Book  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&navby=case&vol=000&invol=02-215"No. 02-215 (2003) Paine, Thomas.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ssa.gov/history/tpaine3.html"Agrarian Justice. 1795 Painter, William L. Offsets, Supplemental Appropriations, and the Disaster Relief Fund: FY 1990-FY 2013. Analysis Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy  HYPERLINK "http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42458.pdf"December 4, 2012 Paperwork Reduction Act 44USC3508 et seq. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010  HYPERLINK "http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_bills&docid=f:h3590enr.txt.pdf"P.L. 111-148 Pay-as-you-go  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/2/chapters/20/subchapters/i/sections/section_902.html"2USC(20)I902 Payment for covered outpatient drugs  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xix/sections/section_1396r-8.html"42USC(7)XIX1396r-8 Payments to health maintenance organizations and competitive medical plans  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xviii/parts/d/sections/section_1395mm.html"42USC(7)XVIII-D1395mm Payment to States for Aid to Blind  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/x/sections/section_1203.html"42USC(7)X1203 Payments to States for Social Services Block Grants  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xx/sections/section_1397a.html"42USC(7)XX1397a Peer Review of utilization and quality of Health Care Services. Obligations of health care practitioners and providers of health care services; sanctions and penalties; hearings and review.  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xi/parts/b/sections/section_1320c-5.html"42USC(7)XI-B1320c-5 Penalty. Explosives 18USC844 Pension Protection Act of 2006 Perjury18USC1621 Permanent disability 5USC3504 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193) Peterson, Paul E. Nadler, Daniel J. The Global Debt Crisis: Haunting U.S. and European Federalism. Brookings Institution Press. Washington D.C. 2014 Petty, William (1623-1687) Political Arithmetick. 1690 Phillips, Kevin. The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Years. Harper Collins. 1990 Pipeline criminal penalties 49USC60123 Political Organizations  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/a/chapters/1/subchapters/f/parts/vi/sections/section_527.html"26USCI(F)(VI)527 Porter, Jeremy. Using Structural Equation Modeling to Examine the Relationship Between Political Cynicism and Right-Wing Authoritarianism. Sociological Spectrum. Vol. 28 No. 1 January-February 2008 38-54 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (P.L. 109 435) Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, Public Law 91 375 Poverty Reduction Obligation Under Deliberation (PROUD), Human Rights Day  HYPERLINK "http://www.title24uscode.org/poverty.htm"HA-4-12-06 Pre-decisional Department of Defense FY 18 Budget (PB) Request May 2017 Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011, P.L. 112-166, Enacted August 10, 2012 Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act, Public Law (P.L.) 113-183 Priestland, David. The Red Flag: A History of Communism. Grove Press. New York. 2009 Principals  HYPERLINK "http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2"18USC(1)2 Processing of Tax Payments  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/ii/sections/section_432.html"42USC(7)II432 Program for distribution of pediatric vaccines  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xix/sections/section_1396s.html"42USC(7)XIX1396s Prohibition of Any Federal Interference. Sec. 1801 of the Social Security Act  HYPERLINK "http://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/ssact/title18/1801.htm"42USC(7)(XVIII)1395 Prohibition of Terrorism Finance 18USC2339C Prohibition with respect to Biological Weapons  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/18/parts/i/chapters/10/sections/section_175.html"18USC(10)I175 Protection of Human Test Subjects 45CFR46.302 Provision of material support for terrorism 18USC2339A Public Access to State disbursement records  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xi/parts/a/sections/section_1306a.html"42USC(7)XI-A1306a Public Employees Retirement System of Ohio v. Betts,  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=492&invol=158" \l "171"492 U.S. 158, 171 (1989) Public Law 111-147, Public Law 111-312, Public Law 112-78, and Public Law 112-96 Public reporting requirements. Postal Service. 39USC2401(e), 2402, 2803 and 2804 Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/a/chapters/1/subchapters/d/parts/i/subparts/a/sections/section_401.html"26USCA(1)D(I)B401(k) Queen Elizabeth.  HYPERLINK "http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/poorlaws/1601frames.html"1601 Poor Law Act Quesado, Charo. The Other Desaparecidos Inter-American Development Bank  HYPERLINK "http://www.iadb.org/idbamerica/index.cfm?thisid=4077"15 May 2006 Quesnay, Franois. Tableau conomique (1766) Rangel, Charles B. Announces a Hearing on Clearing the Disability Backlog  Giving the Social Security Administration the Resources It Needs to Provide the Benefits Workers Have Earned. Full Committee on Ways and Means.  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Consumer Price Index. May 2011. Bureau of Labor Statistics.  HYPERLINK "http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/cpi.pdf"June 15, 2011 Refundable credit and cost-sharing reduction 26USC36B Regasamy, S. Evolution of Social Welfarr/Work in UK, US and India. Madurai Institute of Social Sciences.  HYPERLINK "http://www.scribd.com/doc/14826079/History-of-Social-Work"2009 Rehabilitation Act of 1973  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/29/chapters/16/subchapters/i/parts/a/sections/section_720.html"29USC(16)1A720 Rehabilitation Services  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/ii/sections/section_422.html"42USC(7)II422 Reimer, Bill; Lyons, Tara; Ferguson, Nelson & Planco, Geraldina. Social Capital as Social Relations: The Contribution of Normative Structures. The Sociological Review. Vol. 56 No. 2. May 2008. 256-274 Release  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/24/chapters/9/sections/section_326.html"24U.S.C.(9)326 Remarks by Chairman Ben S. Bernanke. The Community Reinvestment Act: Its Evolution and New Challenges. At the Community Affairs Research Conference, Washington, D.C.  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Guide to Weather: A Practical Guide to Observing, Measuring and Understanding the Weather. Firefly Books Ltd. Buffalo, New York. 2005 Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/12/chapters/35/sections/section_3401.html"12USC(35)3401 Right to hearing and judicial review  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xi/parts/b/sections/section_1320c-4.html"42USC(7)XI-B1320c-4 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 100-707, November 23, 1988 Rosenbaum, Dottie. Ryan Budget Would Slash SNAP Funding by $134 Billion Over Ten Year: Low Income Houses in All States Would Feel Effects.  HYPERLINK "http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3717"April 18, 2012 Ross, L. Wilbur; Secretary. Department of Commerce: Budget in Brief FY 18 Rugola, Joseph. International Vice President, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), Columbus, Ohio. Hearing on Social Security Benefits for Economically Vulnerable Beneficiaries. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Social Security of the House Committee on Ways and Means.  HYPERLINK "http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode=view&id=6766"January 16, 2008 Rust, David A. Acting Deputy Commissioner for Disability and Income Security Programs, Social Security Administration. Hearing on Social Security Benefits for Economically Vulnerable Beneficiaries. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Social Security of the House Committee on Ways and Means.  HYPERLINK "http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode=view&id=6759"January 16, 2008 Rules of Procedure of the Economic and Social Council are set forth in  HYPERLINK "http://www.un.org/docs/ecosoc/ECOSOC rules.pdf"E/5715/Rev. 2 (1992) Rules of Procedure of the UN General Assembly of  HYPERLINK "http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/NS0/005/44/IMG/NS000544.pdf?OpenElement"31 December 1984 Rupp, Kalman; Davies, Paul. An Overview of the National Survey of SSI Children and Families and Related Products. SSA Bulletin  HYPERLINK "http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v66n2/v66n2p7.html"Vol. 66 No. 2 Sacco, Lisa N. The Crime Victims Fund: Federal Support for Victims of Crime. Analyst in Illicit Drug and Crime Policy. Congressional Research Service. October 27, 2015 Sachs, Jeffrey D. The Age of Sustainable Development. Columbia University Press. New York. 2015 Sanders, Tony J. Social Security Amendments of January 1, 2017; White House Office of Management and Budget FY 2018 and 2017 Second Annual Summer Solstice Instructions to the Board of Trustees of the Old Age Survivor Disability Insurance Trust Funds and Supplemental Security Income Program. Hospitals & Asylums.  HYPERLINK "http://www.title24uscode.org/ss2017.doc"HA-1-1-17 Sanders, Tony J. Brief on the Budget Declaration of the United States of America to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hospitals & Asylums.  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First Amendment Privacy Protection 42USC2000a Services provided by charitable, religious, or private organizations  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/iv/parts/a/sections/section_604a.html"42USC(7)IV604a Set timber afire 18USC1855 Shalala Secretary of Health and Human Services v. Illinois Long Term Care Inc.  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&navby=case&vol=000&invol=98-1109"No. 98-1109 (2000) Sherman, Arloc. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Social Security Lifts One Million Children Above the Poverty Line ( HYPERLINK "http://www.cbpp.org/5-2-05socsec.htm"2005) Sherman, Howard. Radical Political Economy: Capitalism and Socialism from a Marxist-Humanist Perspective. Basic Books Inc. New York. 1972 Shor, Nancy G. Executive Director of the National Organization of Social Security Claimants Representatives. Hearing on Funding the Social Security Administrative Costs: Will the Budget Meet the Mission? Testimony Before the Senate Finance Committee.  HYPERLINK "http://www.senate.gov/~finance/hearings/testimony/2007test/052307testns.pdf"May 23, 2007 Signatur, Eric F. Logging is Perilous Work. Compensation and Working Conditions. Bureau of Labor Statistics.  HYPERLINK "http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/logging-is-perilous-work.pdf"Winter 1998 Singer, Jonarthan B.; Dewane, Claudia. Treating New Social Worker Anxiety Syndrome.  HYPERLINK "http://www.socialworker.com/home/Feature_Articles/Professional_Development_%26_Advancement/Treating_New_Social_Worker_Anxiety_Syndrome_(NSWAS)"17 New Social Worker 3 Summer 2010 Skwierczynski, Witold. President of the American Federation of Government Employees National Council of Social Security Field Operations Locals, Baltimore, Maryland. Hearing on Clearing the Disability Backlog - Giving the Social Security Administration the Resources it Needs to Provide the Benefits Workers Have Earned. Testimony Before the Full Committee of the House Committee on Ways and Means.  HYPERLINK "http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode=view&id=6875"April 23, 2008 Slavitt, Andrew M. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). FY 2017 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committee. Department of Health and Human Services. 2016 Smith, Gilbert. Social Work, Policy, Government and Research: a Mildly Optimistic View. Improving Social Intervention: Changing Social Policy and Social Work Practice Through Research. Edited by John Gandy, Alex Robertson & Susan Sinclair. St. Martin s Press, Inc. New York. 1983. pp. 218-240 Social Security Act, 21 Titles, 1-2110 Title 42 of the United States Code Chapter 7 Subchapters I-XXI 301-1397jj Social Security Act of 1965 [H.R. 6675]. Signed by President Johnson on 30 July 1965 Social Security Administration, Income of the Population 55 and Older, 2004 at Table 6.B2 and 6.B4 ( HYPERLINK "http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/income_pop55/2004/sect06.html"2006) Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994 ( HYPERLINK "http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0795/is_n2_v16/ai_16863021"PL-103-296) Social Security Administration Office of Disability Adjudication and Review Hearings, Appeals and Litigation Law Manual ( HYPERLINK "http://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/hallex/hallex.html"HALLEX) Social Security Administration. National Average Wage Index.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/COLA/AWI.html"October 14, 2005 SSA. Intl Update.  HYPERLINK "http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/2003-10/2003-10.html"October 2003,  HYPERLINK "http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/2004-08/2004-08.html"August 2004 SSA.  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Hudson  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=490&invol=877"490 US 977 (1989) Sullivan v. Stroop  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=496&invol=478"496 US 478 (1990) Sullivan v. Zebley,  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=493&invol=521"493U.S.521(1990) Supplemental Appropriation FY 2017 Supplemental or additional budgeting changes and re-appraisements  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/31/subtitles/ii/chapters/11/sections/section_1106.html"31USC(11)1106 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Administrative cost-sharing and quality control 7USC(51)2025 SNAP. Congressional Declaration of Policy  HYPERLINK "http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/2011"7USC(51)2011 SNAP. Eligible Households  HYPERLINK "http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/2014"7USC(51)2014 Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program for the Aged, Blind and Disabled under Sec. 1611 of Title XVI of the Social Security Act under 42USC1382 et seq Supplemental Security Income  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xvi/sections/section_1381a.html"42USC(7)XVI1381a Supplemental Security Income. Eligibility for Benefits  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/42/chapters/7/subchapters/xvi/parts/a/sections/section_1382.html"42USC(7)XVI-A1382 SSI Federally Administered Payments. Table1. Recipients (by type of payment), total payments, and average monthly payment, April2006 April2007 Suits by Persons Injured  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/15/chapters/1/sections/section_15.html"15USC(1)15 System of National Accounts of 1993 ( HYPERLINK "http://unstats.un.org/unsd/sna1993/toctop.asp"SNA) Tampering with a witness, victim or informant 18USC1512 Tavenner Mary. CMS. FY 2013-16 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committee. Department of Health and Human Services. 2012-16 Tax Deductions  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/a/chapters/1/subchapters/f/parts/i/sections/section_501.html"26USC(A)(1)(F)I 501(c) Tax fraud 26 USC 6663 Tax on employers  HYPERLINK "http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/26/subtitles/c/chapters/21/subchapters/c/sections/section_3121.html"26USC(21)B3121 Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-34) Tavenner Mary. CMS. 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J$If$a$&2>JLN\htĄЄ܄(FfE J$If$a$G$FfC J$If$a$(*,:FR^fn|ƅ҅څ  J$If$a$G$FfKFfI J$If$a$ J$If$a$G$FfG $0<DLZftv, $a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$ $a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$$$a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$FfM J$If$a$ bdܯޯz|{ZXSQ$a$ $a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$ $a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$ $a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$ $a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$ $a$ 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@97$| *Df *\FfO J$If$a$ J$If$a$G$$a$$a$$a$$a$ ,8DHLT` J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$$If$a$7$9DG$A$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$Ff}R J$If$a$`ltxv J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$FfU J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$  ,8<@HT`hlv J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$FfW J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$vx J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$Ff Z J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ |~$If$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$Ff\ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$m:$$If!  p 44l44l4f4$IfP$$If0*! p44l44l4f4WP$$If0*! p44l44l4f4$IfP$$If0*! p44l44l4f4 WP$$If0*! p44l44l4f4$IfP$$If0*! p44l44l4f4      . WP$$If0*! p44l44l4f4$IfP$$If0*! p44l44l4f4. 0 4 D F   WMMD$a$ $a$7$P$$If0*! p44l44l4f4$IfP$$If0*! p44l44l4f40)2)444555&525>5L5 J$If$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$L5N5p5|5555lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f45555555lccXMB J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f455@6L6N6P6R6lccXMB J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f4R6T6z6|6666lcXFFF$If$a$7$9DdA$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f46677"707>7lcXFFF$If$a$7$9DdA$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f4>7@7f7h7v777lcXFFF$If$a$7$9DdA$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f47777 88&8lcXFFF$If$a$7$9DdA$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f4&8(8r:t:&E*E|EEElgeca\WR$a$$a$$a$$a$$$Ifrl ! 2p2474747474f4EEEEEEEEFF F,Fc$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4 J$If$a$ ,F.FPF\FhFtFFlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4FFFFFFFlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4FF(G0G8G@GHGlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4HGJGtG|GGGGlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4GGGGGGGlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4GGRHZHbHjHrHlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4rHtHHHHHHlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4HHDILITI\IdIlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4dIfIIIIIIlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4IIJ&J.J6J>JlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4>J@JJJJJJlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4JJJJJKKlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4KK>KFKNKVK^Klccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4^K`KKKKKKlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4KKKKKKLlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4LL8LDLPL\LhLlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4hLjLLLLLLlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr- x! 2p2474747474f4LL*M0M6MxFxPxlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4PxRxxxxxxlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4xxxxxyylccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4yyFyLyNyTy^ylccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4^y`yyyyyylccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4yyNzVzXz`zjzlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4jzlzzzzzzlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4zz {{{{"{lccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4"{${{{{{{lccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4{{{|||&|lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4&|(|T|\|b|j|t|lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4t|v||||||lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4||| }}}&}lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4&}(}D}L}R}Z}d}lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4d}f}}}}}}lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4}} ~,~8~D~P~lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4P~R~~~~~~lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4~~&0lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f402|lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4 lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4  PX`hrlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4rtlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4"lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4"$v~lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4&,2:Dlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4DFv~lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4 lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4:@FLVlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4VXlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4 0<HT`lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4`blccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4 lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4&.4<Flccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4FHT\dpzlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4z|΅څlccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4څ܅ ,.:DlccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4DFnz|lccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4†Ά؆lccXcc J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4؆چ &4lccccc J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f446xlccXcM J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$G$ J$If$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4 `lgeca\WR$a$$a$$a$$a$$$Ifr; ! 2p2474747474f4`b "JL J$If$a$J$If$a$G$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$*6BNI$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4 J$If$a$NZ\I$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4 J$If$a$&.VIIIIII J$If$a$$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4.0^dlt|VIIIIII J$If$a$$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4VIIIIII J$If$a$$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4&.6>FNVIIIIII J$If$a$$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4NPtzVIIIIII J$If$a$$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4RVMHC>9$a$$a$$a$$a$$a$$$Ifֈ@  ! <p<474747474f4RTFHr|tld\$If7$$If7$$If7$h$$IfF/ j! p44l44l4f4T$If7$$If7$ $If7$G$$a$7$7$ ~$If7$$If7$$If7$h$$IfF/ j! p44l44l4f4T~$If7$$If7$$If7$h$$IfF/ j! 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