ࡱ>  Pybjbj<< .^^PqLL     !!!!!\!Z!  "$D    ! F      U!_ v *!0Z! $ $  L :   Round 10 Tossups 1. This opera sees the singing of Gone, Gone, Gone after Robbins dies in a fight after winning a game of craps. Jake sings the lullaby A Woman is a Sometime Thing, and later in this opera, a man named Crown buys happy dust from a drug dealer. One of the title characters is a cripple who loves a woman to whom he sings [*] you is my woman now, and the most famous song in this opera is Claras lullaby to her baby. This opera takes place in Catfish Row and the lyrics to this opera were written by DuBose Heyward and the composers brother Ira. For 10 points, name this opera by George Gershwin which features the song Summertime. ANSWER: Porgy and Bess 2. This works basis was supposedly a manuscript by Benengeli. Master Pedro, who has a monkey on his shoulder, puts on a puppet show in this work, and Dapple continually disappears and reappears. Amadis of Gaul inspires one character in this novel who fights the Knight of the Mirrors and the Knight of the [*] White Moon, who both simply want him to go home, and, after promising one character in this work governorship of an island, the protagonist tilts at some windmills. Featuring a character who loves Dulcinea, rides Rocinante, is accompanied by Sancho Panza, and is the man of La Mancha, for 10 points, name this novel by Miguel de Cervantes. ANSWER: The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha [or El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha] 3. This principle explains why precipitating out calcium carbonate from hard water by adding sodium carbonate works, in addition to helping make soaps more soluble by adding salt. A consequence to this principle is the common-ion effect, and this statement can also be applied to explain homeostasis. This principle explains the [*] buffer effect, and, according to this principle, both increasing the temperature in endothermic reactions and adding more reactant result in an increased amount of product. For 10 points, identify this principle in chemistry that states that an equilibrium shifts to counteract an imposed change. ANSWER: Le Chateliers Principle [accept common ion effect before mentioned] 4. This figures son was one of the seven against Thebes and was named Parthenopaios. One of this figures feats occurred after King Oineus forgot to make a sacrifice to Artemis. After killing the centaurs Rhaecus and Hylaeus, this figure joined with others such as Peleus and [*] Meleager and drew first blood in their hunt for the Calydonian boar. This figure was turned into a lion for making love in a temple of Zeus with her husband Melanion. Raised by a she-bear, for 10 points, name this fleet-footed Greek huntress who lost a race after her opponent threw golden apples as a distraction. ANSWER: Atalanta 5. This dynastys Jiajing Emperor angered Tibet by persecuting Buddhism at his court. This dynastys first emperor established a secret police called the Jinyi Wei. Fundamental to this dynastys founding was the Battle of Lake Poyang, won by the leader of the Red Turbans, Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the Hongwu emperor. This dynastys Yongle Emperor restored the Grand Canal, sent treasure boats with [*] Zheng He, and constructed the Forbidden City. Overthrown by the Manchus and succeeded by the Qing, for 10 points, name this dynasty of China which succeeded the Yuan and was renowned for its pottery. ANSWER: Ming Dynasty [or Da Ming Chao; accept Empire of the Great Ming] 6. This man wrote a play in which Alvaro loves Serafina, who is dealing with the loss of her husband Rosario, who had the title object on his chest. In another play by this man, Sebastians death causes Catherine Holly to go insane. This author of The Rose Tattoo and Suddenly, Last Summer wrote a play in which the husband of Maggie rejects the homosexual [*] Skipper. In that play, Big Daddy is dying, and Brick Pollitt hopes to cash in. In another play by this man, Mitch dates the sister of Stanley Kowalskis wife Stella, named Blanche DuBois. Writer of The Glass Menagerie, for 10 points, name this playwright of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and A Streetcar Named Desire. ANSWER: Tennessee Williams [or Thomas Lanier Williams] 7. Weiss domains with this property change size rapidly with Barkhausen jumps and can be observed with Kerr microscopes. Those domains with this property are separated from each other by Bloch and Nel walls. This phenomenon is described by a model whose two-dimensional form was solved by Lars Onsager, called the [*] Ising model. The anti form of this property disappears above the Nel temperature, and materials displaying it exhibit hysteresis loops below the Curie temperature. For 10 points, name this property of permanent magnet formation, found in nickel, cobalt, and its namesake element, iron. ANSWER: ferromagnetism 8. In one work by this painter, a body on a stretcher is taken to a figure who looks away broodingly while his wife, dressed in orange robes, mourns. This painter of The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons painted a work in which most of the figures look away as a man in a red robe hands a [*] philosopher a cup of hemlock, and in another, three Romans reach for swords held by their father in order to fight the Curatii, This man painted a work in which a celiac-afflicted journalist, killed by Charlotte Corday, holds a letter as he expires in his bathtub. Creator of The Death of Socrates, for 10 points, name this painter of The Oath of the Horatii and The Death of Marat. ANSWER: Jacques-Louis David 9. This man collaborated with Furtmuller and Wexburg on the essay collection To Heal and to Educate and was influenced by the mental construct ideas of the philosopher Hans Vaihinger. This man posited three factors--pampering, neglect, and organ dysfunction--that give rise to personality problems. This psychologist argued that neuroses resulted from peoples inability to achieve self-realization in The [*] Neurotic Constitution, a theory known as individual psychology. For 10 points, name this Austrian psychologist who coined the term inferiority complex. ANSWER: Alfred Adler 10. In this case, mootness and standing were ignored because this case was capable of repetition yet evading review. Congress opposed this ruling with the Hyde Amendment, which was upheld in Harris v. McRae. Justice Ginsberg argued that the issue should have been resolved democratically, while John Paul Stevens criticized Harry Blackmuns majority decision for Warren Burgers court. Robert Borks nomination to the Supreme Court was rejected in fear that he would [*] overturn the ruling in this case. This case concerned Norma McCoveys constitutional right to privacy. For 10 points, name this Supreme Court case that legalized abortion in the US. ANSWER: Roe v. Wade [or Wade v. Roe] 11. This work includes a scene in which Sir Plume demands the title item from another character, while his sister Thalestris is among the protagonists friends. In Canto IV of this work, a gnome named Umbriel travels to the Cave of Spleen, and after a fight between characters inspired by the Lord Petre and [*] Arabella Fermor, the title object becomes embedded in the sky. This poem begins, What dire offense from amorous causes springs, and several spirits called sylphs, including Ariel, fail to protect the protagonist when her enemy approaches her with scissors. For 10 points, name this mock epic about the Barons theft of Belindas hair, written by Alexander Pope. ANSWER: The Rape of the Lock 12. This region is home to objects with a 1:2 resonance in its namesake cliff, where density drops dramatically. Those objects in this region are called called twotinos. The classical types of objects in this area are called cubewanos. 2060 Chiron is located in this region, along with many other [*] centaurs, and this region, along with the Oort Cloud and Scattered Disk region, is home to the trans-Neptunian objects. Home to Quaor, Sedna, and Eris, for 10 points, name this region at the edge of the solar system, where short-period comets were first thought to originate, named after a Dutch-American astronomer. ANSWER: Edgeworth-Kuiper belt 13. This game was banned by Wisconsins Wapun prison after a prisoner said that players were forming a gang and developing escape fantasies. Additions to this game that add new content are called splatbooks, and it was subject to a moral panic, including a tract condemning it by Jack Chick and an incident involving a suicide attempt in a steam tunnel. Monsters unique to this game include the beholder and mind flayer. It is played with [*] twenty-sided dice, and its games are overseen by a referee called the Dungeon Master. For 10 points, name this popular tabletop role-playing game created by Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax. ANSWER: Dungeons and Dragons [accept DnD] 14. This mans government was created by John Lamberts Instrument of Government. He commanded the Eastern Association Army, and this man crushed the Levellers in Burford. This mans general Thomas Fairfax defeated Prince Rupert of the Palatine at a battle fought south of Leicester. This mans troops won at Marston Moor and [*] Naseby. Later, this man instituted the Barebones Parliament in opposition to the Long Parliament and Rump Parliament, before he got rid of Parliament altogether and ruled with the help of his Roundhead allies in the New Model Army. For 10 points, name this conqueror of Ireland and Lord Protector of England. ANSWER: Oliver Cromwell 15. This books introduction explains the intent as providing an orderly account for Theophilus. This works genealogy of Jesus extends back to Adam. This religious work includes a parable in which a Jewish traveler is beaten up and left alone by a priest and Levite, until a [*] Samaritan comes by. This Gospel includes a story in which a son squanders his birthright, but returns to a celebration from his father. Including the parable of the Prodigal Son, for 10 points, name this third canonical gospel written by the patron saint of surgeons that lies between Mark and John. ANSWER: The Gospel According to Luke [or Gospel of Luke] 16. This mans third wife, Matilde Urrutia, was the dedicatee of his 100 Love Sonnets. This poet claimed that love is short, forgetting is so long in a poem that appears in the same collection as one beginning The memory of you emerges from the night around me. This man wrote odes to everyday things, like tomatoes, salt, a [*] large tuna in the market, and his socks. One poem by this man urges the reader Arise to birth with me, my brother. The Heights of Machu Picchu is the second part of this mans Canto General. For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of Tonight I can Write the Saddest Lines, which appears in his Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. ANSWER: Pablo Neruda [or Neftal Ricardo Reyes Basoalto] 17. In patients with this condition, loss of neurons leads to atrophy in the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus, and abnormalities in the APOE4 and SORL1 genes are factors that appear to cause it. One theory proposes that oxidative stress is the primary cause of this condition, but the amyloid hypothesis is more widely accepted. Increasing [*] acetylcholine production is one method of treatment for this disease. A buildup of beta amyloid plaques and tau tangles are commonly found in patients with, for 10 points, what disease named after a German neuropathologist, the most common form of senile dementia? ANSWER: Alzheimers disease [prompt on dementia or senile dementia before mentioned] 18. This thinker made strides in the field of ethics with his elenchus (el-eng-khos), and he noticed that great men such as Pericles often did not produce sons of quality and thus questioned the Sophistic doctrine that arete (air-tee), or virtue, could be taught, as exemplified by his attempts to teach [*] Meno. This philosophers paradoxes state that no man desires evil, and that virtue alone is sufficient for happiness. This man stated I know that I know nothing. For 10 points, name this philosopher whose trial and subsequent death by hemlock was recorded in his student Platos Apology. ANSWER: Socrates 19. With Joseph Tito, this man ended the Informbiro period. This man served as a political advisor to Andrey Yeremenko during the defense of Stalingrad. This mans demotion came after a drunken speech about de-Stalinization entitled the Secret Speech. He famously banged his shoe on a table at the UN to decry colonialism, and said We will [*] bury you! after his most perilous confrontation with the US. This man was replaced by Leonid Brezhnev and was Premier during the Cuban Missile Crisis. For 10 points, name this successor to Stalin as First Secretary of the Soviet Union. ANSWER: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev 20. This region is located mostly in Inyo County, bordering the Amargosa Range to the west and the Panamint Range to the east. A natural oasis in this area is called Furnace Creek and shares a name with a river that flows into this place. The Garlock Fault intersects this area in the east and another river that flows in this region is called the Amargosa River, which flows directly into the [*] Badwater Basin. This areas only exploitable resource is its borax salt pans. For 10 points, name this place in California that is known for being the lowest and hottest place in the Western Hemisphere. ANSWER: Death Valley STOP THAT IS THE END OF THE GAME DO NOT GO ON UNLESS THE SCORE IS TIED OR A QUESTION WAS THROWN OUT 21. One ruler of this city was the son of the Alcmaeonid Megacles, and that son overthrew the son of the tyrant Pisistratus. This citys appeals court was held at the Areopagus, and the splitting of the phyles into trittyes and demes in this city was performed under the reforms of [*] Cleisthenes. This city-state led the victory at the Battle of Salamis against Xerxess Persian army in the Greco-Persian Wars, and it led the Delian League against its archrival in the Peloponnesian War. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek city-state, Spartas rival and the birthplace of democracy. ANSWER: Athens Bonuses 1. This man painted the mural Detroit Industry for the Ford Motor Company. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this Mexican painter who included a depiction of Lenin in his mural for the Rockefeller Center, entitled Man at the Crossroads. After it was destroyed, he repainted it as Man, Controller of the Universe. ANSWER: Diego Rivera [10] This wife of Rivera lived in The Blue House and painted a lot of disturbing self-portraits, including one as a deer pierced by arrows and a whole bunch with monkeys on her shoulders. ANSWER: Frida Kahlo de Rivera [10] This Mexican muralist created the Epic of American Civilization mural series on the walls of Dartmouth Universitys Baker Memorial Library. ANSWER: Jos Clemente Orozco 2. Answer these questions about terrorism against the United States, for 10 points each. [10] These attacks saw Al-Qaeda agents crash airplanes into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. They are named for the date on which they happened and were the impetus for the War on Terror. ANSWER: 9/11 terrorists attacks [or September 11 terrorist attacks; accept equivalents] [10] On October 12, 2000, Al-Qaeda agents bombed this American destroyer in the port of Aden, in Yemen. ANSWER: U.S.S. Cole [10] On April 19, 1995, this man detonated a truck bomb outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, retaliating against the U.S. government for its poor handling of Ruby Ridge and the Waco Siege. ANSWER: Timothy McVeigh 3. The central character of this novel meets Block before going to a cathedral to give an Italian a tour. For 10 points each: [10] Name this novel in which Josef K. is arrested for no reason and dies like a dog after getting stabbed. ANSWER: The Trial [or Der Prozess] [10] This other novel by the author of The Trial begins with Gregor Samsa waking up as an insect, eventually to die in his own room when an apple becomes stuck in his back. ANSWER: The Metamorphosis [10] This author of The Trial and The Metamorphosis had his shory story The Stoker begin his novel Amerika. ANSWER: Franz Kafka 4. These people call themselvs the Ahl al-Tawhid, or People of Unitarianism or Monotheism. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this Islamic community influenced by Greek philosophy and gnosticism, a breakaway from Ismailism. It is represented by a five colored star, founded by Hamzah ibn Ali, and is named after al-Darazi. ANSWER: Druze [10] This inner dimension of Islam is characterized with reparation of the heart and turning it away from all else but God. It rejects dualism to seek divine unification with all things, and its practitioners are also known as Dervishes. ANSWER: Sufism [10] The largest branch of Shia Islam has a name referencing this number as their number of imams. This is also the number of apostles of Jesus and the number of days in a particular Christmas song. ANSWER: twelve 5. The transverse type of this effect was first detected with the Ives-Stillwell experiment. For 10 points each: [10] Name this effect that is a change in the perceived frequency of a wave emitted from a moving source. ANSWER: Doppler effect [10] This phenomenon is explained by the Doppler effect and occurs when the wavelength of light is increased. Its gravitational variety occurs when light loses energy going against a gravitational field. ANSWER: redshift [10] The classic equation for Doppler shift neglects deviations explained by this theory, whose Lorentz transformation explains phenomenon most prominent at high speeds, such as time dilation and length contraction. ANSWER: special relativity [prompt on relativity; do not accept general relativity] 6. Acrylamide is commonly used in this process. For 10 points each: [10] Name this lab technique that uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments by size. ANSWER: gel electrophoresis [10] Gel electrophoresis can also be used to separate these molecules. Due to their unpredictable folding, SDS-PAGE is usually used to denature this type of molecule made from amino acids. ANSWER: proteins [accept polypeptides] [10] This seaweed-derived compound commonly forms the gel in gel electrophoresis. This compound is also used as a growing medium for bacterial colonies. ANSWER: agarose 7. The phrase His name was Robert Paulson is repeated throughout this film. For 10 points each: [10] Name this film about an unnamed protagonist, portrayed by Edward Norton, and his split personality Tyler Durden, a soap manufacturer portrayed by Brad Pitt, who leads an organization called Project Mayhem. ANSWER: Fight Club [10] This other film stars Jesse Eisenberg as Mark Zuckerberg. This film tells how Zuckerberg created the online utility Facebook, and was then sued by the Winklevoss twins and his best friend Eduardo. ANSWER: The Social Network [10] Fight Club and The Social Network were directed by this man, also known for films such as Se7en ( seven) and The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. ANSWER: David Fincher 8. Mengistu Haile Mariam led a communist junta in this nation known as the Derg. For 10 points each: [10] Name this East African nation whose emperors traced their heritage to the Queen of Sheba. It has capital at Addis Ababa. ANSWER: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia [10] Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia made his nation a protectorate of this European power by signing the Treaty of Wuchale. This nation later lost the Battle of Adowa and granted independence to Ethiopia shortly thereafter. ANSWER: Italy [or Italian Republic] [10] Modern-day Ethiopia converted to Christianity when Saint Frumentius converted the leaders of this ancient kingdom that conquered Meroe. It was replaced by the Zagwe Dynasty. ANSWER: Axum [or Aksumite] 9. Answer the following about twentieth-century Russian dance, for 10 points each. [10] This impresario founded a Russian dance company that employed Anna Pavlova. This mans company staged many of Igor Stravinskys works. ANSWER: Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev [10] This Russian choreographed The Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun and Jeux. He danced in Diaghilevs troupe and played the title role in the premiere of Stravinskys Petrouchka. ANSWER: Vaslav Nijinsky [10] Both Graham and Nijinsky were choreographers of this type of dance. Dancers of this form may perform moves such as pirouettes and arabesques and examples of this kind of dance include The Nutcracker. ANSWER: ballets 10. In the Footnote section of this poem, the word holy is repeated several times. For 10 points each: [10] Name this Allen Ginsberg poem that opens with I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness. ANSWER: Howl [10] Allen Ginsberg was a member of this group of American writers, others of which include the author of On the Road, Jack Kerouac. ANSWER: Beat Generation [10] This other Beat Generation member wrote about Lee the Agent in his novel Naked Lunch. ANSWER: William S. Burroughs 11. This family produced four popes and basically controlled their city during their heyday. For 10 points each: [10] Name this Italian banking family which invented double-entry bookkeeping and controlled the wool and banking trades of their city. ANSWER: the House of Medici [10] This patriarch of the Medicis commissioned Donatellos David and crushed his opponents by going into exile and taking all his money with him. ANSWER: Cosimo di Giovanni degli Medici, the Elder [10] Cosimo had to pretend to be a common citizen because of the traditions of democracy of this city-state, the home of the Medicis where they jump-started the Renaissance. ANSWER: Republic of Florence 12. Answer the following about a planet, for 10 points each: [10] Name this planet whose northern and southern continents are called the Ishtar and Aphrodite terras respectively. It is also the hottest planet and is 2nd closest to the sun. ANSWER: Venus [10] Venus has the highest value for this quantity in the solar system. It is a measure of the amount of light reflected by a surface, and it is so high for Venus because of the thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. ANSWER: albedo [10] Venus rotates clockwise around the sun, and therefore it and Uranus are the only planets with this type of orbit. This type of motion means that it is the opposite of how the others move. ANSWER: retrograde 13. Identify the following about an economist, for 10 points each. [10] This mans namesake equivalence principle proposes his labor-embodied theory of value, and he developed the Iron Law of Wages. ANSWER: David Ricardo [10] This concept, posited by Ricardo, states that countries should only produce goods for which their opportunity cost is the lowest. This concept is contrasted with its absolute type. ANSWER: comparative advantage [10] Ricardo defined the economic variety of this concept as the return that land should accrue for its use in production. A different form of this concept is the payments made by tenants to landlords. ANSWER: rent 14. In this novel, the rehabilitation camp doctor tries to figure out why the protagonist refuses to eat. For 10 points each: [10] Name this novel about a hare-lipped gardeners travels around South Africa with the ashes of his mother Anna. ANSWER: Life & Times of Michael K. [10] This expatriate South African author of Waiting for the Barbarians, The Master of Petersburg, and Disgrace wrote Life & Times of Michael K. ANSWER: John Maxwell Coetzee (kut-see) [10] Coetzees novel Foe focuses on Susan Barton, a castaway who arrives on the same island as this man and his servant Friday. Susan tries to get the author Daniel Foe to write about her time on the island with this man. ANSWER: Robinson Crusoe 15. Answer the following about Baroque composers, for 10 points each. [10] This Baroque composer wrote the Goldberg Variations. He also composed the St. Matthew Passion and Mass in B minor. ANSWER: Johann Sebastian Bach [prompt on Bach] [10] This Italian Baroque composer died when he stabbed himself in the foot with his staff. He composed Le Bourgeouis Gentilhomme and Le Mariage forc as the court musician for Louis XIV of France. ANSWER: Jean-Baptiste Lully [or Giovanni Battista di Lulli] [10] The Baroque composer Pachelbel is most famous for this work. This work features an eight-note bass sequence that is repeated 28 times throughout the entire piece. ANSWER: Pachelbels Canon in D 16. This mans poem Among School Children asks How can we know the dancer from the dance? For 10 points each: [10] Name this poet who referenced Ophelia and Cordelia in his poem Lapis Lazuli. ANSWER: William Butler Yeats [10] This Yeats poem states that is no country for old men and tells a gold mosaic to be singing-masters of my soul. It concerns a journey to a city in Asia Minor. ANSWER: Sailing to Byzantium [10] Written after World War I, this Yeats poem asks what slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? It also says that things fall apart; the centre cannot hold. ANSWER: The Second Coming 17. Answer these questions about a war between Britain and Argentina, for 10 points each. [10] This conflict was fought over some islands off the coast of Argentina, also called the Malvinas, and it ended up as a disaster for the Argentine junta, which was run out of town shortly thereafter. ANSWER: Falklands War/Conflict/Crisis [10] This general was the leader of the Argentine junta through the war. He was the commander of Intelligence Battalion 601 and was removed from power after the fall of Stanley. ANSWER: Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli [10] This Prime Minister led Britain through the Falklands War. Her popularity soared after Britains victory, allowing this womans re-election in 1983. ANSWER: Margaret Hilda Thatcher 18. These entities come in bonding and antibonding varieties. For 10 points each: [10] Name these entities that are delocalized electron clouds, formed from the combination of their atomic counterparts. ANSWER: molecular orbitals [or MOs] [10] This principle related to atomic orbitals literally means building up in German. It states that electrons will fill the lowest available energy states. ANSWER: Aufbau principle [10] This atomic subshell corresponds to the quantum number l (el) = 0. There is one electron in this subshell in the hydrogen atom and it is full for helium. This lowest subshell can only hold two electrons. ANSWER: s subshell 19. Name some things about the epic surrounding the Kurukshetra war, for 10 points each: [10] Name this epic, written around 300 BC, describing the conflict between two groups of royal cousins, the Pandavas and the Kauravas. The Bhagavad Gita forms one section of this epic. ANSWER: Mahabharata [10] This avatar of Vishnu participated in the battle but did not fight since he was a relative of both sides; he became a charioteer instead. ANSWER: Krishna [or Parthasarathy] [10] Krishna advised this Pandava, a warrior who was a son of the god Indra and Kunti and whose chariot Krishna personally drove. The Bhagavad Gita focuses on a dialogue between Krishna and this man. ANSWER: Arjuna [or Partha] 20. Name these American cities with mass transit systems, for 10 points each: [10] The Orange Line of this citys L connects Midway Airport with the Loop. One station lies a block from the Willis Tower, and another lies a block from Grant Park on shore of Lake Michigan. Its primary airport is OHare. ANSWER: City of Chicago [10] In this city, all four MARTA rail lines cross at Five Points Station, south of Centennial Olympic Park and Pemberton Places World of Coca-Cola. The Red and Gold lines pass near this citys Midtown Mile. ANSWER: City of Atlanta [10] This largest city in California is home to Hollywood and Venice Beach. Its Metro Rail is the mass transit railway system and its Metro Liner is its bus system. ANSWER: City of Los Angeles [or LA] 21. Answer these questions about a type of vascular plant, for 10 points each. [10] With a name deriving from the Greek for naked, the seeds of this group of phyla do not have coverings like angiosperms do. ANSWER: gymnosperms [10] This species of gymnosperm is a living fossil, with fan-shaped blades. Its seeds see use in Chinese cuisine and medicine, but it probably doesn't have memory-boosting effects. ANSWER: Ginkgo biloba [10] Unlike in angiosperms, a large number of these structures can occcur in gymnosperm seedlings. Angiosperms are classified based on whether they have one or two of these seed leaves. 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