ࡱ> jmi O$bjbjWW ݂55A 8<tT''''''''$I)+|6'"6'K'%%%R'%'%%%hX&3 K=*%&a'0'%w,gw, X&w,X&%6'6'%'w, :  ~ Essays ~ Tips for Writing Formal Essays DO NOT use complex language just because you think it makes you sound smart! Keep the diction simple and slightly repetitive to make your essay easy to understand. Remember, theres no point to saying something if the audience cant understand you! The best essays are the ones that dont make the reader wonder what youre trying to say. DO NOT use PERSONAL PRONOUNS (e.g. I, we, you, etc.). These suggest that your essay is merely an opinion instead of well-researched fact. ( I think Star Wars is the best movie of all time. ( Star Wars is the best movie of all time. Make sure your essay doesnt sound like an advice column. It is not your job to explain what you [the reader] should do or to share personal opinions, but rather to analyze and interpret the text itself. ( You must overcome past regrets in order to live a happy life. ( One must overcome past regrets in order to live a happy life. DO NOT make value judgments in your essay, unless stated in the text: ( Normans wife, Jennifer, is a mean, heartless woman ( Star Wars is the best movie of all time. [Impossible to prove! How are you measuring its quality?] Formal literary essays are meant to express and support an opinion; they are NOT meant to be exciting! DO NOT use rhetorical devices or creative diction to make your writing sound more interesting. You are NOT telling a story! When writing a literary essay, the writer is restricted to the boundaries of the text and should NOT consider hypothetical situations that explain what the character(s) could or should have done. ( If Barry had given his daughter, Moira, more freedom in the first place, their relationship would not have experienced problems. DO NOT ask questions, rhetorical or otherwise, in your essay. Remember, you are trying to answer questions, not ask them. In literary essays, write about events from your novel(s) in the PRESENT TENSE. Remember, these events can be re-experienced any time a reader chooses to open the novel(s) in question. DO NOT use PARENTHESES in a formal essay. Presented information in parentheses makes it seem unimportant. ( The novels narrator (Nick Buchanan) ( The novels narrator, Nick Buchanan, DO NOT use CONTRACTIONS. ( dont, cant, wont, couldnt, etc. ( do not, can not, will not, could not, etc. Write out numbers less than one hundred and numbers such as one thousand, one million, etc. ( 18; 1,000; 1,000,000; etc. ( eighteen, one thousand, one million, etc. DO NOT use SLANG or INFORMAL LANGUAGE. ( The movie was sick! ( cuz, @, u, 2, re:, BTW, etc. Avoid using VAGUE language in your essays. Be as specific as possible with your diction. Make sure youre being clear what it is. ( stuff, things, guy, it, etc. Some important terminology the person telling the story is the NARRATOR, not the AUTHOR. refer to unnamed characters as protagonist, narrator, etc. a longer fictional text is referred to as a NOVEL, not a BOOK. The best literary essays treat the material with which they are concerned as EVENTS, not simply texts, novels or stories. This strongly influences the diction used to write an essay. ( In this quotation ( The texts being compared are ( This quotation proves [Quotations dont PROVE anything; they SUPPORT. Your explanations do the proving.] Always deal with your reasons/supports in the same order as youve mentioned them in the introductory paragraph. For example, the first reason/support mentioned in the introductory paragraph should be the topic of your first body paragraph. In order to maintain a well-organized essay, always deal with texts in the same order. For example, if the introductory paragraph states, In the short stories The Elephant and Mirror Image, your body paragraphs must always deal with them in that order. An essays introductory paragraph should NOT contain any specific information about the text(s), such as the names of characters or plot summaries. Leave the specifics for the body paragraphs! Information expressed in the sentences of an introductory paragraph of a formal literary English essay must always follow a particular order and sequence: hook sentence(s) titles and authors names three (3) reasons/supports [either listed together in one (1) sentence or each in its own sentence] thesis statement/theme [Your thesis statement and theme may be the same.] When writing either a progressive or divergent style of comparison essay, the examples/quotations you select from each story need to reflect how one (1) character progresses through the stages of dealing with the same problem/conflict . Each body paragraph should begin with a TOPIC SENTENCE telling the reader what the paragraph will be explaining and/or proving. Following the topic sentence in each paragraph, present all information about one text to prove your reason/support before turning to the next. DO NOT flip back and forth between texts in a body paragraph. Always use the same number of quotations for each text in each body paragraph. For example, if you use one (1) quotation from your first text to support the point in your first body paragraph, you can only use one (1) quotation for each text in each body paragraph. However, if you use two (2), you must use two (2) for each. Each quotation you integrate into your essay should follow the CONTEXTQUOTATION EXPLANATION format. The contexts for quotations in the first body paragraph will usually be longer, because they needs to introduce important details, such as characters, conflicts and plot elements. In your body paragraphs, be as DETAILED and SPECIFIC as possible when explaining and supporting your evidence/quotations. NEVER assume that the reader is going to make the connections you want him/her to. It is your responsibility to make sure the reader understands how your evidence/quotations prove your reasons/supports. ( Obviously, this quotation proves [Nothing is obvious until you explain it.] ( This shows [An example/quotation doesnt show anything on its own; the writer needs to explain HOW it proves what he/she wants it to.] In a literary essay, DO NOT simply summarize your novel(s)! When writing a comparative essay, focus on the SIMILARITIES between the two (2) texts being compared, not the differences. Use TRANSITIONS to move smoothly from one idea to the next and more easily communicate the relationship between the content of one sentence and the next (see Transition Words handout). ( in addition, firstly, for example, similarly, likewise, lastly, etc. Use KEY WORDS from your thesis and supports/reasons in your topic sentences, concluding sentences and concluding paragraph to help the reader see and make the connections. A CONCLUDING SENTENCE at the end of each body paragraph in a comparison essay should restate the paragraphs reason/support. It should NOT be worded exactly the same as the topic sentence! NEVER bring up new information in your concluding paragraph. 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