ࡱ> ] `fbjbj x-\x-\Q588\\\\8\ib6""""ZA\t\<hiiiiii$kmL$iQ$_!RtZ$_$_$i88""4ui(e(e(e$_88""h(e$_h(e(egph"`ghi0ig,n bnhnh\u]^(e]L^\\\$i$id\\\i$_$_$_$_n\\\\\\\\\> : Lesson 1 | Using the Periodic Table Student Labs and ActivitiesPageAppropriate For:Launch Lab HYPERLINK \l "LaunchLab8" 8all studentsContent Vocabulary HYPERLINK \l "ContentVocabulary9" 9all studentsLesson Outline HYPERLINK \l "LessonOutline10" 10all studentsMiniLab HYPERLINK \l "MiniLab12" 12all studentsContent Practice A HYPERLINK \l "ContentPracticeA13" 13Content Practice B HYPERLINK \l "ContentPracticeB14" 14 Math Skills HYPERLINK \l "MathSkills15" 15all studentsSchool to Home HYPERLINK \l "SchooltoHome16" 16all studentsKey Concept Builders HYPERLINK \l "KeyConceptBuilder17" 17Enrichment HYPERLINK \l "Enrichment21" 21all studentsChallenge HYPERLINK \l "Challenge22" 22 Skill Practice HYPERLINK \l "SkillPractice23" 23all studentsAssessmentLesson Quiz A HYPERLINK \l "LessonQuizA24" 24Lesson Quiz B HYPERLINK \l "LessonQuizB25" 25  Approaching LevelOn LevelBeyond LevelEnglish-Language LearnerTeacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any students proficiency level. The Periodic Table 7 Name Date Class Launch Lab LESSON 1: 15 minutes How can objects be organized? What would it be like to shop at a grocery store where all the products are mixed up on the shelves? Maybe cereal is next to the dish soap and bread is next to the canned tomatoes. It would take a long time to find the groceries that you needed. How does organizing objects help you to find and use what you need? Procedure 1. Read and complete a lab safety form. 2. Empty the interlocking plastic bricks from the plastic bag onto your desk and observe their properties. Think about ways you might group and sequence the bricks so they are organized. 3. Organize the bricks according to your plan. 4. Compare your pattern of organization with those used by several other students. Data and Observations Think About This 1. Describe the way you grouped your bricks. Why did you choose that way of grouping? 2. Describe how you sequenced the bricks. 3. Key Concept How does organizing things help you to use them more easily? 8 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Content Vocabulary LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Directions: In this word search puzzle, find and circle the four terms listed below. Then write each term on the line before its definition. groupmetalsperiodperiodic table  1. a column on the periodic table 2. a row on the periodic table 3. elements on the left side and middle of the periodic table 4. a chart of the elements arranged according to their properties The Periodic Table 9 Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table A. What is the periodic table? 1. The is a chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their chemical and physical properties. 2. The table can be used to determine how all are related to one another. B. Developing a Periodic Table 1. In the mid-1800s, Russian chemist and teacher created a table to help classify the elements by their properties. a. He placed the elements in rows of increasing atomic . b. The elements in the table showed repeating patterns; is a word used to describe such patterns. c. For example, Mendeleev noticed patterns in the of elements, the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. 2. After arranging the known elements in a periodic table, Mendeleev noticed large gaps between some elements. He predicted that scientists would find to fit into these spaces. Mendeleevs predictions were . 3. In the early 1900s, Henry Moseley found that the problem with Mendeleevs table could be solved if the elements were arranged in rows by . 4. The atomic number is the number of in the nucleus of an atom of an element. C. Todays Periodic Table 1. You can identify the properties of an element by studying its on the periodic table. 2. The shows the elements name, atomic number, chemical symbol, state of matter, and atomic mass. 3. A(n) is a column on the periodic table. 4. Elements in the same group have similar , which means they react with other elements in similar ways. 5. The rows in the periodic table are called . 10 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued 6. As you read from left to right across the periodic table, atomic number by one for each element. 7. Most of the elements in the periodic table are , which are shiny and conduct thermal energy and electricity. 8. Most nonmetals are on the side of the periodic table; these elements do not conduct thermal energy and electricity. 9. Between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table are the , which have properties of metals and nonmetals. D. How Scientists Use the Periodic Table 1. Scientists use the periodic table to predict the of the new elements they create. 2. Elements that are each other on the periodic table share similar properties. The Periodic Table 11 Name Date Class MiniLab LESSON 1: 20 minutes How does atom size change across a period? One pattern seen on the periodic table is in the radius of different atoms. The figure in your textbook shows how atomic radius is measured. Procedure 1. Read and complete a lab safety form. 2. Using scissors and card stock paper, cut seven 2-cm 4-cm rectangles. Using a marker, label each rectangle with the atomic symbol of each of the first seven elements in period 2. Obtain the radius for each atom from your teacher. 3. Using a ruler, cut plastic straws to the same number of millimeters as each atomic radius given in picometers. For example, if the atomic radius is 145 pm, cut a straw 145 mm long. 4. Tape each of the labeled rectangles to the top of its appropriate straw. 5. Insert the straws into modeling clay according to increasing atomic number. Data and Observations Analyze and Conclude 1. Describe the pattern you see in your model. 2. Key Concept Predict the pattern of atomic radii of the elements in period 4. 12 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Content Practice A LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Periodic Table of the Elements   Directions: Use the periodic table to complete the chart.  The Periodic Table 13 Name Date Class Content Practice B LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Directions: On each line, write the term or phrase that correctly completes each sentence. 1. The periodic table is a chart that uses and to arrange elements according to their and properties. 2. Russian chemist developed the periodic table by organizing elements according to . 3. Mendeleev noticed that elements had repeating patterns, or are , with properties such as melting point, , and . 4. Moving from to , melting points on the periodic table first and then . 5. fixed problems that scientists discovered with Mendeleevs table by listing elements according to increasing . 6. The atomic number of an element is the number of in the nucleus of each of the elements . 7. Each element key on the periodic table has important information, including , , , and . 8. Both and properties change as you read across a period on the table. 9. Almost all elements in the periodic table are . 10. is/are on the left side of the periodic table, is/are on the right side, except for , and , which are between metals and nonmetals. 11. New metals, like Bohrium, are , or made by people. 12. The periodic table can be used to understand and an elements . 14 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Math Skills LESSON 1 Use Geometry The distance around a circle is the circumference (C). The distance across the circle through its center is the diameter (d). Circumference divided by diameter equals  (pi), or approximately 3.14. This can be shown by the equation below, where C = circumference and d = diameter.  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  The radius (r) is the distance from the center to any point on the circumference. So, the diameter (d) is twice as long as the radius. d = 2r You can combine and rearrange these equations to get the following formulas.  EMBED Equation.DSMT4   EMBED Equation.DSMT4  If an atom has a diameter of 395 pm (picometers), what is the circumference of the atom? Step 1 Identify the known variable. d = 395 pm Step 2 Identify the equation needed to solve for the unknown variable. C = d  Step 3 Substitute the known values to solve the equation. C = 395 3.14 C = 1,240.3 pm Practice 1. If an atom has a diameter of 395 pm, what is its radius? 2. If an atom has a circumference of 227 pm, what is its diameter? 3. If an atom has a radius of 43 pm, what is its circumference? 4. If an atom has a radius of 65 pm, what is its circumference? The Periodic Table 15 Name Date Class School to Home LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question or respond to each statement. 1. Dimitri Mendeleev wanted to organize the information about elements, so he placed it in the original version of the periodic table. In the early 1900s, Henry Moseley rearranged the information into the periodic table we know today. Compare Mendeleevs and Moseleys versions of the periodic table. 2. Mendeleev organized all the known elements in columns and rows based on their physical and chemical properties. Why did Mendeleev have gaps in his periodic table? 3. The rows of the periodic table are periods. The columns of the periodic table are groups. Which set of elements usually has more in common, periods or groups? Explain your answer. 4. Scientists have added elements to the periodic table since Moseley reorganized it. Some occur naturally on Earth, while others were created in laboratories. How could the periodic table help scientists predict the properties of new elements that might be added to it? 16 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Key Concept How are elements arranged on the periodic table? Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle. atomic numberelement keyhydrogenmelting pointmetalloidsmetalsnonmetalsperiodic tablesynthetic elements  Clues Across 3. between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table 5. shows chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass 7. number of protons in the nucleus of each of that elements atoms 8. chart of elements arranged according to their properties 9. latest elements added to the periodic table Down 1. on the right side of the periodic table 2. increase, then decrease across a period 4. only nonmetal not located on left side of the periodic table 6. on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table The Periodic Table 17 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Key Concept How are elements arranged on the periodic table? Directions: Use the table to answer each question or respond to each statement. Periodic Table of the Elements  1. What is used to create the sequential order of elements? 2. Where are metals on the table? 3. Where are nonmetals on the table? 4. What are between metals and nonmetals on the table? 5. What increases as you read left to right across each period? 6. What is true about elements in the same group? 7. What is true about the characteristics of elements in a period from left to right on the periodic table? 18 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Key Concept What can you learn about elements from the periodic table?  Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. 1. used to arrange elements sequentially 2. a chemical abbreviation 3. how the element is at room temperature 4. hydrogen at room temperature 5. calcium at room temperature 6. what is true of technetium 7. rows 8. columns 9. where information about each element is locatedA. state of matter B. columns C. element key D. gas E. groups F. periods G. solid H. synthetic I. symbol  The Periodic Table 19 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Key Concept What can you learn about elements from the periodic table?  Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question or respond to each statement. 1. Add four colors to the key to show metals, metalloids, nonmetals, and recently discovered elements. 2. Use the colors to correctly categorize the elements on the periodic table. 3. What can you learn about metals from the periodic table? 4. What can you learn about nonmetals from the periodic table? 20 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Enrichment LESSON 1 Dimitri Mendeleev: A Giant in the History of Science Dimitri Mendeleev was born in Siberia in 1834, the youngest of 14 children. By the time he was 14, Dimitri was showing exceptional comprehension of complex topics, and his mother was saving money for him to attend the university. Although Russia was in a period of political unrest, Dimitris mother took Dimitri and his sister Elizabeth to Moscow and then St. Petersburg. There Dimitri was admitted to the university on a full scholarship. Mendeleev graduated first in his class at the university. Because he was ill with tuberculosis, he moved to a better climate near the Black Sea. By 1856, he had recovered his health and returned to St. Petersburg, where he began his career of teaching and research. In addition to expansive research that was beneficial to the Russian people, Mendeleev used his growing prestige and power to speak out against the political repression and turmoil that he had witnessed in his country since he was a child. The Periodic Table In expressing his views on science and society, Mendeleev said, It is the function of science to discover the existence of a general reign of order in nature and to find the causes governing this order. And this refers in equal measure to the relations of mansocial and politicaland to the entire universe as a whole. Those thoughts of order led him to the discovery of the periodic law, and the development of the periodic table. Mendeleev spent more than 13 years of his life collecting data and working out the concept of an orderly classification of the elements. He was 35 years old when his initial paper, including the chart shown here, was presented to the Russian Chemical Society in 1869.  Applying Critical-Thinking Skills Directions: Respond to each statement. 1. In Mendeleevs 1869 chart above, notations that have question marks but no chemical symbol contain his predicted atomic weights for elements not yet discovered. Identify the elements in the following notations that have since been discovered: ? = 45 and ? = 70. 2. Question marks next to symbol-and-weight pairs on the chart indicate weights that Mendeleev questioned. Refer to the chart in use today. Judge whether he was right or wrong to question gold (Au) and bismuth (Bi). The Periodic Table 21 Name Date Class Challenge LESSON 1 Periodic Table of Ordinary Objects Mendeleev developed the periodic table as a tool for organizing naturally occurring earth elements. In addition to providing information about the elements, the table was used to predict atom types that were missing from the table. Using drawings, clip art, photos, or illustrations from published materials, construct a table of a set of 20 common items, such as cookware, tools, seashells, coins, or buttons. Represent value units in horizontal rows and property descriptions in vertical columns. For example, put cookware sizes, such as 6 inch, 8 inch, 10 inch, and 12 inch, in horizontal rows, and materials, such as cast iron, stainless steel, enamel, glass, and ceramic, in vertical columns. Some examples of possible organizational schemes for your table would be size versus material (cookware), size versus type (tools), size versus design (seashells), value versus year (coins), and size versus color (buttons). Leave six of the cells in your table empty and number them 1 through 6. Exchange your table for one that was constructed by another student. For the table that you receive, determine which items belong in the empty spaces and explain why. Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. Determine which item belongs in each empty numbered space on the chart. 2. Explain the basis for each of your predictions. 22 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Skill Practice Identify Patterns LESSON 1: 25 minutes How is the periodic table arranged? What would happen if schools did not assign students to grades or classes? How would you know where to go on the first day of school? What if your home did not have an address? How could you tell someone where you live? Life becomes easier with organization. The following activity will help you discover how elements are organized on the periodic table. Materials 20 cards Learn It Patterns help you make sense of the world around you. The days of the week follow a pattern, as do the months of the year. Identifying a pattern involves organizing things into similar groups and then sequencing the things in the same way in each group. Try It 1. Obtain cards from your teacher. Turn the cards over so the sides with numbers are facing up. 2. Separate the cards into three or more piles. All of the cards in a pile should have a characteristic in common. 3. Organize each pile into a pattern. Use all of the cards. 4. Lay out the cards into rows and columns based on their characteristics and patterns. Apply It 5. Describe the patterns you used to organize your cards. Do other patterns exist in your arrangement? 6. Are there gaps in your arrangement? Can you describe what a card in one of those gaps would look like? 7. Key Concept What characteristics of elements might you use to organize them in a similar pattern? The Periodic Table 23 Name Date Class Lesson Quiz A LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. How are the elements arranged on the periodic table? A. in rows and columns alphabetically B. in one long row according to atomic mass C. in rows and columns according to their properties 2. Where are metalloids on the periodic table? A. on the left in the table B. in two rows at the bottom C. between metals and nonmetals 3. The first periodic table arranged elements in order of A. increasing atomic mass. B. decreasing atomic mass. C. increasing atomic number. 4. On most periodic tables, an elements key includes the elements chemical symbol, atomic number, and A. density. B. atomic mass. C. boiling point. 5. Where are metals on the periodic table? A. on the bottom and on the top B. on the left side and in the middle C. on the right side and in the middle Matching Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once. 6. arranged the elements according to increasing atomic mass 7. a row on the periodic table 8. a column on the periodic table 9. located on the right side of the periodic table 10. arranged the elements according to increasing atomic numberA. Henry Moseley B. nonmetals C. group D. Dimitri Mendeleev E. period 24 The Periodic Table Name Date Class Lesson Quiz B LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table Completion Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence. 1. On the periodic table, elements are arranged in rows and columns according to their . 2. The elements that appear between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table are . 3. The first periodic table arranged elements in order of increasing . 4. The element key lists an elements atomic number, atomic mass, and . 5. The elements on the left side and middle of the periodic table are . Short Answer Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 6. 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Contrast the properties of metals and nonmetals. 8. Explain what you can infer about the properties of elements in the same group in the periodic table. What can be inferred about elements in the same period? 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