ࡱ> GIF bjbjT~T~ 8:66o,,oo$Tu<KKKKKSn&^ooKK/nnnLo8KKnnnnKZ]PnE0unpnn6`n(Fu, 5:  Study Guide Biology 3A, Unit 1 1. Be able to list and detail the seven characteristics of life. 2. Know each of the terms associated with chapter 1 - not only should you be able to define them, but you should also understand how each of the terms and concepts relate to each other - this was the point of the Concept Map you did in class. 3. Know the levels of organization for living things, from the atomic level to the global level. 4. Know the taxonomic organization of the domains & kingdoms (Kingdom, Phylum, Class) 5. Describe the 6 kingdoms and major phyla associated with each. 6. Define the terms associated with taxonomy (protostome, bilateral symmetryetc) 7. List the steps of the scientific method and be able to apply them to real world situations. 8. Identify the controls and variables (independent & dependent) in an experiment. 9. Define and explain what a theory is, its uses and limitations within the context of scientific study 10. Explain the methodology of Critical Thinking - FiLCHeRS (see "A Field Guide to Critical Thinking") 9. Describe the properties of elements and compounds with regard to living systems. Analyze chemical symbols (atomic number, weightetc) 10. Explain bonding patterns among elements (covalent, hydrogen, ionic) and why they are important 11. Understand the properties of acids & bases; pH scale 12. Define/Describe compounds related to living structures (lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids) 13. Describe enzyme function. (substrate, indicator, competitive & noncompetitive inhibition) 14. Define ATP and describe its capacity to do work for a living system Sample Essay Enzyme (A) is placed with a substrate (B) and allowed to react for a period of time. The reaction is stopped at timed internals by added concentrated HCl. After stopping the reaction, the amount of substrate (B) in the test tube was titrated with an indicator substance (C). The experiment was repeated under three different circumstances. The following results were obtained. Tube 1Tube 2Tube 3Tube 4Number of Drops 2635 A) Explain which of the letters represent: potassium permanganate, catalase, H2O2 B) Write the reaction that is occurring in the test tubes. C) Determine which of the tubes was in which temperature: 0, 10, 18, 34 degrees celsius and defend your reasoning D) How would you expect the results to change if you allow the experiment to continue overnight. E) What could be done to increase the rate of reaction in this experiment? After an enzyme is mixed with its substrate, the amount of product formed is determined at 10-second intervals for 1 minute. Data from this experiment are shown below. Time (sec) 0102030405060Product formed 0.00.250.500.700.800.850.85a. Draw a graph of the data b. What is the initial rate of this enzymatic reaction? c. What is the rate after 50 seconds? Why is it different from the initial rate? d. What would be the effect on product formation if the enzyme were heated to a temperature of 100 C for 10 minutes before repeating the experiment? Why? e. How might altering the substrate concentration affect the rate of the reaction? Why? f. How might altering the pH affect the rate of reaction? Why? AP Essay Questions 1. A class of biology students performed an experiment on the digestion of starch by salivary amylase. Each student determined the length of time required for different dilutions of his saliva to digest completely a standard concentration of starch. Iodine was used to test for the presence of starch. The results obtained by some of the class are summarized in the table below. a. Present the data for Student A in graphic form. b. Carefully examine the data collected by the four students above and state as many conclusions as you can that are supported by these data. c. Assuming there have been no errors in techniques, form as many hypotheses as you can to explain the differences observed. d. Design one experiment to test the validity of one hypothesis. Clearly state what data you would want to collect in this experiment to test your hypothesis. Student1:9 (10%) 1:19 (5%)1.49 (2%)1.99 (1%)A 45 seconds50 seconds100 seconds135 secondsBNo end points------------------C90 seconds 100 seconds200 seconds270 secondsD260 seconds 300 seconds 600 seconds800 seconds2. Discuss the lock-and-key theory of enzyme-substrate interaction giving a specific example to illustrate the theory. Include in your discussion the effects of each of the following: a. Substrate concentration b. pH shifts c. Temperature shifts d. Competititve inhibition 3. Discuss the biological importance of each of the following organic compounds in relation to cellular structure and function in plants and animals. a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Lipids d. Nucleic acids 4. The unique properties (characteristics) of water make life possible on Earth. Select three properties of water and: a) for each property, identify and define the property and explain it in terms of the physical/chemical nature of water. b) for each property, describe one example of how the property affects the functioning of living organisms. 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