ࡱ> QSP bjbj .&$$$$$8888$\8IxxxxxSSS$A$SS$$xx$x$xx>|0Iz$lHSlSSSFSSSISSSSSSSSS : Vocabulary Conjunctive Adverbs To add information: Moreover / Furthermore - in addition to what has been said (adds supporting information) Ex. - The cameras will deter potential criminals. Moreover, they will help police a great deal when a crime actually is committed. Ex. - Swimming alone is against the rules; moreover, it's dangerous. Ex. - I'm not interested in what you are selling; furthermore, I asked your company not to contact me ever again. To show cause and effect: Thus / Therefore / Consequently - because of that; for that reason; as a result Ex. - This detergent is highly concentrated; thus you will need to dilute it. Ex. - Payment was received two weeks after it was due. Therefore, you will be charged a late fee. Ex. - Taxes were lowered; consequently, complaints were fewer. To introduce facts or examples: Indeed - without any question; used when making a statement that adds to or strengthens a previous statement (always agrees with previous statement) Ex. Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student; indeed, she makes straight As on every report card. In fact in reality (may agree or disagree with previous statement) Ex. Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student. In fact, she makes straight As on every report card. (agrees) Ex. Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student; in fact, her mother does most of her work for her. To show contrast: However - used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously. Ex. - I would like to go; however, I think I'd better not. Nevertheless / Nonetheless - in spite of what has just been said Ex. Her date was a bit of a slob; nevertheless, she had fun. Ex. - Sometimes you can be a real jerk; nonetheless, I like you. Most definitions and example sentences taken from merriam-webster.com. Explanation of Nevertheless English learners are often confused by "nevertheless" and "however," and for good reason! You can always replace "nevertheless" with "however," but you cannot always replace "however" with "nevertheless." What gives? "Nevertheless" is a transition. Like all transitions, "nevertheless" links two clauses, showing a logical relationship between them. "Nevertheless" indicates concession. What is concession? Put simply, a concession is something that is unexpected or surprising. Consider this statement: Jane lived in Tokyo for ten years. So, given that Jane lived in Japan for a long time, what would be unexpected or surprising? Jane has never been to Peru. Jane can't speak any Japanese. The first statement is not a surprise. Japan and Peru are not close together. These are simply contrasting ideas. However, the second statement is a surprise. We would expect Jane to speak at least some Japanese since she lived in Japan for so long. Thus, we can use "nevertheless" to connect the two ideas: Jane lived in Tokyo for ten years; nevertheless, she can't speak any Japanese. "However" can indicate both concession AND contrast, so you can use "however" anywhere you can use "nevertheless." Copied from http://www.connect2esl.com/main/activities/however_nevertheless1.htm. Conjunctive adverbs may be used anywhere in a sentence. When used at the beginning of a sentence, they are almost always followed by a comma. (An exception may be made only if the conjunctive adverb has just one syllable, such as thus or hence.) When used in the middle or at the end of a sentence, commas are commonly used, but optional. In the middle of a sentence, use commas before and after the conjunctive adverb. 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(agrees)   2 -0   ---  2 Rx0  0 2 R0 Ex.   2 R0   2 R0   \2 R60 Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student;  --- 2 R!0 in fact--- 2 RK 0 , her mother    2 R0     2 dx0  0 2 d 0   82 d0 does most of her work for her.    2 d0     2 x0     2 x0   "Systemv8VXvvԩd--  00//..  b P ՜.+,0 hp|   !Vocabulary Conjunctive AdverbsW Ex. - The cameras will deter potential criminals. Moreover, they will help M Ex. - Swimming alone is against the rules; moreover, it's dangerous.W Ex. - I'm not interested in what you are selling; furthermore, I asked " To show cause and effect:X Thus / Therefore / Consequently - because of that; for that reason; as a resultW Ex. - This detergent is highly concentrated; thus you will need to W Ex. - Payment was received two weeks after it was due. Therefore, you G Ex. - Taxes were lowered; consequently, complaints were fewer.( To introduce facts or examples:Y Indeed - without any question; used when making a statement that adds to or streX Ex. Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student; indeed, she makes M In fact in reality (may agree or disagree with previous statement)X Ex. Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student. In fact, she makesX Ex. Most teachers would say that Jane is a great student; in fact, her mother O Most definitions and example sentences taken from merriam-webster.com. Title Headings  !"#$%&'()*+-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIJKLMNORRoot Entry F>TData 1TableWordDocument.&SummaryInformation(,6DocumentSummaryInformation8HCompObjr  F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q