ࡱ> WYV bjbj ejj"l4444"""8Zn z $ & & & & & & $! #pJ |J 44_ d44l$ $ ~4, nB"@u 0 !$X!$4444 Skills vs. Strategies What is the difference between skills and strategies in the Trophies lesson plan? This chart outlines those differences. SkillStrategy These are automatic procedures that do not require thought, interpretation, or choice.A strategy is a conscious plan under the control of the reader, who must make decisions about what strategies to use and when to use them. Skills are product-oriented, observable behaviors such as answers to questions, answers on tests, skills lists, and taxonomies.Strategies are process-oriented, cognitive operations the reader engages in, generally thought to be unobservable. Skills instruction stresses repeated practice in applying skills until they become habitual responses to particular tasks.Strategy instruction stresses the reasoning process readers go through as they interact with and comprehend text: how the strategies one uses change when one reads different texts or reads for different purposes. Strategy instruction teachers what to do with a skill, how and why to use it, and why it is important. Strategy instruction focuses on ways to help students understand what they read. Focus Skills and Focus Strategies Focus Skill Reading skills are taught in Trophies because they build reading comprehension. Specific skills are taught before, during, and after reading the selection. Each skill is introduces, reviewed, and maintained. Students have the opportunity to practice and apply the skills to become skillful readers. A Focus Skill is introduced and developed in each selection found in Trophies. These Focus Skills are identified on the 5-day planner with objectives for each selection. The Focus Skill can be easily traced because of the Skill Trace box found in the margins of the lesson plans in the Teachers Edition. The box includes the skill, the page numbers where it is introduced, reteach activity pages, review pages, activity pages to maintain the skill, and a test page for tested skills. Focus Strategy A reading strategy is developed in each selection found in Trophies. A list of these strategies is located in the front of the Teachers Edition and Pupil Edition (grades 2-6). There are 10 reading Focus Strategies (Strategies Good Readers Use) taught in Trophies. Each strategy is a plan that helps students monitor their own reading. As students become better readers, they are better able to comprehend the selections because of application of the Focus Strategy. Reading strategies are not developed automatically. Before student read stories and articles independently, teachers model strategic reading and thinking behaviors. These modeled strategies teach students to construct meaning when reading. A good repertoire of strategies builds flexibility in how student read. They can learn a variety of approaches to reading no matter what the text. Focus Skills and Focus Strategy Lessons Grade 4 StoryFocus SkillFocus StrategyThe GardenerNarrative ElementsUse Context to Confirm MeaningDonavans Word JarPrefixes, Suffixes, and RootsUse Decoding/PhonicsMy Name is Mara IsabelNarrative ElementsMake and Confirm PredictionsLou Gehrig: The Luckiest ManPrefixes, Suffixes, and RootsSummarizeAmelia and Eleanor Go for a RideLocate InformationRead AheadThe Bakers NeighborCause and EffectUse Decoding/PhonicsThe Emperor and the KiteNarrative ElementsSelf-QuestionNights of the PufflingsSummarizeAdjust Reading RateThe Garden of HappinessCause and EffectMake and Confirm PredictionsHow to Babysit an OrangutanSummarizeUse Text Structure and FormatSarah, Plain and TallDraw ConclusionsRead AheadStealing HomeCompare and ContrastUse Context to Confirm MeaningThe Cricket in Times SquareDraw ConclusionsCreate Mental ImagesTwo Lands, One HeartCompare and ContrastReread to ClarifyLook to the North: A Wolf Pup DiarySummarizeUse Text Structure and FormatThe Kids Invention BookMain Idea and DetailsAdjust Reading RateThe Case of Pablos NoseSequenceRead AheadIn the Days of King AdobeMain Idea and DetailsReread to ClarifyRed Writing HoodSequenceCreate Mental ImagesOne Grain of Rice: A Mathematical FolktaleCompare and ContrastMake and Confirm PredictionsFire!Elements of Nonfiction: Text StructureSummarizeA Very Important DayAuthors PurposeUse Decoding/PhonicsSaguaro CactusElements of Nonfiction: Text StructureAdjust Reading RateBlue WillowAuthors PurposeSummarizeIn My FamilySequenceUse Context to Confirm MeaningThe Gold RushFact and OpinionUse Text Structure and FormatI Have Heard of a LandWord RelationshipsSelf-QuestionPaul Bunyan and Babe the Blue OxFact and OpinionCreate Mental ImagesFly Traps! Plants that Bite BackWord RelationshipsReread to ClarifyThe Down and Up FallAuthors PurposeSelf-Question    PAGE 2 ( T R O P H I E S ( H A R C O U R T Copyright by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA, HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt Inc. 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