ࡱ> KMJ .bjbjo>o> kR T T&%ll$P:4n\Fr"$j0煓]0FR1|Fl : Regions Timeline East Asia 221 BCE - Qin dynasty unifies China 206 BCE - Han dynasty begins c.100 BCE - Chinese rule Korea and Vietnam 220 CE - Han dynasty ends; Era of Division 589 CE - Sui dynasty reunifies China 618 - Tang dynasty begins 960 - Song dynasty begins 1185 - Kamakura shogunate; Feudal Japan begins 1279 - Mongol rule (Yuan dynasty) in China 1368 - Ming dynasty begins 1433 - End of Chinese expeditions 1600 - Tokugawa shogunate established 1644 - Manchurian Qing dynasty rules China 1839 - Opium War 1868 - Meiji reforms begin 1905 - Russo-Japanese War ends 1911 - Chinese Revolution 1931 - Japan invades Manchuria 1937 - Japan invades China 1949 - Communist victory in China 1950 - Korean War begins 1958 - Great Leap Forward in China 1966 - Cultural Revolution in China 1979 - Dengs reforms in China The Middle East 8500 BCE - Development of farming in Middle East 3500 BCE - Sumerian civilization 3100 BCE - Rise of Egyptian civilization 1200 BCE - Jews settle near the Mediterranean; first monotheistic religion 550 BCE - Cyrus the Great forms Persian Empire 323 BCE - Alexanders Hellenistic Empire 64 BCE - Rome conquers Syria & Palestine 622 - Muhammads flight from Mecca to Medina 661 - Umayyad caliphate; expansion of Islam 750 - Abbasid caliphate established 945 - Persian Buyids capture Baghdad; caliphs made into puppet rulers 1055 - Seljuk Turks control caliphate 1096 - First Christian Crusade in Palestine 1258 - Fall of Baghdad to Mongols; end of Abbasid caliphate 1260 - Mamluk rulers defeat Mongols at Ain Jalut 1453 - Ottomans capture Constantinople, fall of Byzantine Empire 1571 - Ottoman naval defeat at Lepanto; beginning of European dominance 1798 - Napoleons invasion of Egypt; Muhammad Ali rules Egypt (1805-1849) 1839 - Tanzimat reforms in the Ottomans (- 1876) 1854 - Crimean War (to 1856) 1869 - Opening of the Suez Canal 1882 - British occupation of Egypt 1916 - Arab revolts against Ottomans 1917 - Balfour Declaration promises Jews a homeland in Palestine 1920 - French and British mandates set up in Middle East 1923 - Independence of Turkey recognized 1948 - Israel established; 1st Arab-Israeli war 1967 - Israel victorious in Six-Day War 1979 - Iranian Revolution; spread of Islamic fundamentalism 1987 - First Intifada, mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule 1990-91 - Persian Gulf War Pre-Columbus/Latin America 1200 BCE - Olmecs in Mexico; Chavn in Andean South America 622 CE - Classical Maya (to 900) 1325 - Aztecs, Incas (1350) established 1492 - Columbus makes landfall in the Bahamas 1519 - Cortez conquers Aztecs (-1522) 1532 - Pizarro conquers Incas 1542 - Bartolome de las Casas pushed to reform treatment of Indians 1804 - Slave revolt leads to independence in Haiti 1830s - Rise of caudillos, self-interested military dictators backed by private armies 1888 - Slavery abolished in Brazil 1898 - Spanish-American War; US takes control of Puerto Rico, Guam, & the Philippines 1903 - Theodore Roosevelt intervenes to assist Panamanian independence from Colombia 1910 - Mexican Revolution (to 1920) 1917 - Mexicos revolutionary leaders author a new constitution 1929 - Ecuador becomes the first Latin American nation to grant women the right to vote 1933 - FDR announces Good Neighbor Policy of non-intervention in Latin America 1954 - The Guatemalan Revolution of Arvalo and Arbenz overthrown with CIA help 1965 - US forces, fearing a Communist takeover, occupy Dominican Republic 1985 - Civilian rule returns to Brazil (since 1964) 1994 - NAFTA takes effect Western Europe 470 BCE - Athens at its height; Pericles, Phidiasa, Sophocles, Socrates 323 BCE - Alexanders Hellenistic Empire 27 BCE - Augustus Caesar, rise of Roman Empire 312 CE - Constantine divides administration of empire and adopts Christianity 476 CE - Fall of Rome 732 - Franks defeat Muslims in France 800 - Charlemagnes empire 1066 - Norman conquest of England 1096 - Crusades 1100 - Italian city-states emerge 1150 - Gothic style spreads (-1300) 1200 - Flowering of scholasticism (-1274) 1215 - Magna Carta 1300 - Italian & Northern Renaissance (1450-1600) 1338 - Hundred Years War (to 1453) 1348 - Black Death 1488 - Portuguese round Cape of Good Hope 1492 - Columbus makes landfall in the Bahamas 1498 - Vasco de Gama reaches India 1517 - Beginning of Protestant Reformation 1600s - Scientific Revolution (-1700s) 1648 - Thirty Years War ends with Treaty of Westphalia 1700s - Enlightenment 1763 - Seven Years War, British-French global warfare 1770 - James Watts steam engine; Beginning of Industrial Revolution 1776 - American Revolution 1789 - French Revolution 1870 - Unification of Italy 1871 - Unification of Germany 1871 - High point of European imperialism (-1914) 1914 - Beginning of World War I 1919 - Treaty of Versailles 1929 - Great Depression begins 1939 - WWII begins (to 1945) 1947 - Marshall Plan 1949 - NATO established 1957 - Establishment of Common Market 1989 - Berlin Wall division ends 2001 - Euro currency introduced Sub-Saharan Africa 800 BCE - Migration of Bantu-speakers throughout sub-Saharan Africa (to 1000 CE) 800 CE - Growth of the trans-Sahara trade for gold 1000 - Ghana at height of its power 1100 - Almoravid movement in the Sahara 1200 - Rise of the empire of Mali 1324 - Pilgrimage of Mansa Musa 1400 - Flourishing cities of Timbuktu & Jenne; Ethiopian Christian kingdom; Swahili cities flourish on e. African coast 1441 - First shipment of African slaves brought directly from Africa to Portugal 1481 - Portuguese fort established at El Mina 1500 - Songhay Empire flourishes 1652 - Dutch establish colony at Cape of Good Hope 1700 - The Asante kingdom unified 1720s - Rise of the kingdom of Dahomey 1790s - Abolitionist movement gains strength in England 1818 - Shaka forges Zulu power and expansion 1834 - Boers make Great Trek into Natal 1870s - Partition of Africa (to 1914) 1920s - Pan-African Congresses in Paris; beginnings of the negritude movement 1957 - Ghana established as first independent African nation 1960 - Congo granted independence from Belgian rule 1966 - Biafran secessionist war in Nigeria (-1970) 1994 - First democratic elections in South Africa Eastern Europe 100 CE - Slavic migrations into Eastern Europe (to 650) 330 - Constantinople made capital of Eastern Roman Empire 527 - Justinian; Byzantine Empire begins 864 - Beginning of missionary work of brothers Cyril and Methodius in Slavic lands 980 - Vladimir Is conversion to Christianity 1054 - Schism between East/Western Christianity 1204 - Fourth Crusade 1241 - Capture of Russia by Mongols (Tartars) 1453 - Capture of Constantinople by Ottoman Turks; end of Byzantine Empire 1480 - Moscow region freed from Tartar control 1533 - Ivan the Terrible, first to be called Czar; boyar power reduced; Russian expansion 1613 - Romanov dynasty begins 1689 - Peter the Great reigns (- 1725) 1762 - Catherine the Great (-1796) 1831 - Greece wins independence from Ottomans 1854 - Crimean War 1861 - Russian emancipation of serfs 1884 - Beginnings of Russian industrialization 1905 - Russo-Japanese War; peasant reforms and establishment of duma 1914 - World War I 1917 - Bolshevik Revolution 1928 - Stalin rules; beginning of collectivization of agriculture and five-year plans 1936 - Stalins Great Purges (-1938) 1941 - German invasion of Soviet Union 1945 - Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe (-1948) 1956 - Hungarian revolt and its suppression 1968 - Revolt in Czechoslovakia and its repression (Prague Spring) 1979 - Uprisings in Poland and their suppression 1979 - Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1985 - Gorbachev to power, initiates reforms; glasnost and perestroika 1989 - Berlin Wall falls; end of Soviet domination of Eastern Europe 1991 - End of Soviet Union 1995 - Russian army attempts to suppress independence of Chechnya, a Muslim region South Asia 2500 BCE - Emergence of Harappan (Indus) civilization 563 BCE - Life of the Buddha (-483 BCE) 327 BCE - Alexander the Greats invasion 322 BCE - Mauryan dynasty begins (to 185 BCE) 319 CE - Gupta dynasty begins (to 535) 1206 - Establishment of the Delhi sultanate 1556 - Rise of the Mughal Empire; reign of Akbar 1661 - British port-trading center founded at Bombay 1707 - Death of Aurangzeb; beginning of imperial breakdown 1835 - Decision to give support for English education in India; English adopted as the language of Indian law courts 1853 - First railway line constructed in India 1857 - Sepoy Mutiny 1858 - British parliament assumes control over India from the East India Company 1885 - Indian National Congress Party founded in India 1931 - Gandhi-led Salt March revives Indian Nationalist movement 1947 - India and Pakistan gain independence 1972 - Bangladesh becomes an independent nation, separated from Pakistan Southeast Asia 111 BCE - Vietnam conquered by Chinese 939 CE - Vietnam wins its independence from China 1500 - Nguyen dynasty in central/south Vietnam founded 1511 - Portuguese conquer Malacca on the tip of Malayan peninsula 1512 - Portuguese arrive in Indonesia 1521 - Spain claims Philippines 1620 - Dutch East India Company established at Batavia on Java 1641 - Dutch capture Malacca from Portuguese, and begin conquests on Java, in Indonesia 1757 - Dutch become paramount power on Java 1883 - French conquest of Vietnam completed 1902 - U.S. takes over Philippines 1925 - first Communist organization established in Vietnam 1942 - Japanese occupation of French Indochina 1945 - Ho Chi Minh proclaims the Republic of Vietnam 1946 - Philippines gains independence 1954 - French defeat at Dien Bien Phu; 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