ࡱ> ܥhc ee`U  ~*VX8(1ܬzq bigchalk Presents A Mini-Research Sampler and Guide and for Teachers INCLUDES:  100 Tested Mini-Research Topics Correlated with eLibrary Relevant Documents bigchalk.com Mini-Research Critical Thinking Strategies Comparison of the Big6 Research Process and the eLibrary Mini-Research Process National Information Literacy Standards (AASL/AECT) National Educational Technology Standards for Students (ISTE) June 2000  eLibrary Mini-Research Sampler and Guide for Teachers The bigchalk.com mini-research process was developed in 1997 to simplify the student research process so that more educators would be motivated to integrate research activities, the Internet, and technology into their lesson planning. Mini-research is designed to provide shorter, more frequent and less formal student research activities across-the-curriculum. It is empowered through major school investments in technology, Internet connections, and access to user-friendly, natural language educational databases such as eLibrary. All of these combine to make access to educational information much easier, quicker and more comprehensive than in the past. The goals of mini-research with eLibrary are to . . . Infuse more critical thinking activities across-the-curriculum Integrate Information Literacy standards (AASL/AECT) into the curriculum Integrate National Educational Technology Standards for Students (ISTE) into the curriculum Support State Learning Standards that integrate information literacy Help keep traditional textbook learning up-to-date Leverage the school investment in technology and the Internet Increase the frequency of student-centered learning activities Develop the student skills and attitudes necessary for lifelong learning Prepare students for college and eventual careers in the Information Age Provide equitable access to information for students who do not have Internet connections at home Conserve classroom/library time with 10 Documents in 10 Minutes To make the transition to more student-centered, discovery-style learning from more traditional teacher-centered textbook learning, teachers will need the support of new curriculum materials and staff development activities. The goal of this curriculum resource is to provide some of the teacher tools needed for this transition. This document provides an easy way for teachers to develop lessons that integrate eLibrary mini-research activities into lesson planning without compromising courses of study. Because mini-research strategies are based on degree of difficulty, teachers can select one of seven strategies that is appropriate for the grade and academic level of their students. This guide and sampler of mini-research projects for teachers contains nearly 100 research activities organized by subject area and also by critical thinking level. Each research activity is accompanied by queries that will yield a total of more than 10 documents that are relevant to that topic. This makes it easy for teachers to assign topics that support their lesson plans, saves precious classroom time, and eliminates much of the frustration that students may have in finding what they want in the traditional library or by surfing the Internet. Listed below are 2 examples of national organizations that have recently adopted standards and lobbied for their integration with K-12 curriculum in all states. Many states have already integrated these standards that reflect the advent of the Information Age curriculum made possible by technology and the Internet in schools. Educators will be challenged to turn technology into teachnology.  National Standards For Information Literacy The set of 9 standards and their related benchmarks were adopted in June of 1998. The standards are a result of the collaboration of the American Association of School Librarians (AASL) and the Association for Educational Communication and Technology (AECT). AASL is a division of the American Library Association. The goal of these standards is to increase the achievement of millions of K-12 students. The new Information Literacy standards support many of the goals of state and national technology associations as well as state learning standards, and President Clintons Goals 2000. The standards are accompanied by Level of Proficiency indicators to help educators determine a students level of success and also help identify links in their information needs, curricular content and learning. The standards will help educators develop a curriculum that meets the challenges of the 21st Century and the Information Age. The standards that are directly supported by mini-research with bigchalk.com databases are: Information Literacy The student who is information literate accesses information efficiently and effectively. The student who is information literate evaluates information critically and competently. The student who is information literate uses information accurately and creatively. Independent Learning The student who is an independent learner is information literate and pursues information related to personal interests. The student who is an independent learner is information literate and appreciates literature and other creative expressions of information. The student who is an independent learner is information literate and strives for excellence in information seeking and knowledge generation. Social Responsibility The student who contributes positively to the learning community and to society is information literate and recognizes the importance of information to a democratic society. 9. The student who contributes positively to the learning community and to society is information literate and participates effectively in groups to pursue and generate information.  National Educational Technology Standards For Students (ISTE) The technology foundation standards for students are divided into six broad categories. Standards within each category are to be introduced, reinforced, and mastered by students. These categories provide a framework for linking performance indicators found within the Profiles for Technology Literate Students to the standards. Teachers can use these standards and profiles as guidelines for planning technology-based activities in which students achieve success in learning, communication, and life skills. Technology Foundation Standards for Students If Directly Supported by bigchalk Mini-research Activities = (bc) 1. Basic operations and concepts Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems. Students are proficient in the use of technology. (bc) 2. Social, ethical, and human issues Students understand the ethical, cultural, and societal issues related to technology. (bc) Students practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software. Students develop positive attitudes toward technology uses that support lifelong learning, collaboration, personal pursuits, and productivity. (bc) 3. Technology productivity tools Students use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity. (bc) Students use productivity tools to collaborate in constructing technology-enhanced models, preparing publications, and producing other creative works. (bc) 4. Technology communications tools Students use telecommunications to collaborate, publish, and interact with peers, experts, and other audiences. Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences. (bc) 5. Technology research tools Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources. (bc) Students use technology tools to process data and report results. (bc) Students evaluate and select new information resources and technological innovations based on the appropriateness to specific tasks. (bc) 6. Technology problem-solving and decision-making tools Students use technology resources for solving problems and making informed decisions. (bc) Students employ technology in the development of strategies for solving problems in the real world. (bc)  bigchalk and Internet surfing The Internet is a valuable educational tool for many student learning experiences: virtual field trips, email discussions with experts, collaborating on projects over time with students in other places, accessing a variety of original historic documents, pen-pal activities with students in other countries, using educational simulations, and participating in distance learning activities. All of these activities require well planned learning strategies and management techniques to ensure that classroom time is used efficiently and that real and measurable learning takes place. When teachers need to access authoritative, library-quality, and curriculum appropriate educational information for research activities, many schools prefer using eLibrary rather than Surfing the Internet. eLibrarys award-winning educational database contains only library-quality, K-12 appropriate, full-text information. Students can find the information they need quickly, giving them more time for critical thinking and writing10% of time and effort for searching with 90% remaining for reading, analyzing, critical thinking, writing, and learning. Conserving student learning time in a typical 180 day school year is a major priority for teachers. Whether students use the Internet or bigchalk databases, the key to learning is what students are expected to do with the information that they retrieve. Surfing the Internet for ResearchUsing bigchalk databases for ResearchNo monitoring for authority and accuracyAll library-quality publisher informationNavigating many different interfaces wastes time and may frustrate studentsNavigating an interface designed for students saves time for learningInformation overload, most of it irrelevant, wastes student time sifting through itOnly K-12 appropriate content that can be sorted by publication, title, author, and dateNo method to select age-appropriate materialAll document lists can be sorted by reading levelVariety of graphic and text formats that may cause difficulty with printing and savingAll documents/ graphics use consistent, standard formats for easy printing and savingStudent use may require filters and supervisionOnly kid-safe curriculum-related informationAdvertising and graphics can distract students and slow down searchingNo content included in the interface or in documents that distracts students from taskDead links; many sites not updatedContent updated every 24 hours by satellite Use Mini-Research Strategies to Turn Queries into Critical Thinking Exercises Elementary School (or Beginners) (Who, What, When, Where?) Reports should be mostly factual, require one good source (usually an encyclopedia article), and be delivered in a summarized (extracting the most important information) or a paraphrased (synthesizing and restating the most important information) report of less than 100 words. Students should be encouraged to attach an appropriate picture or map to the report. Middle School (or Upper Elementary/Some Experience) (Who, What, When, Where, and How?) Students should be required to use 2 or 3 sources. Reports can be written, oral, or created by teams. Reports should be between 100 and 200 words. Encyclopedic information is appropriate as one source only if it supports the 2 strategies listed below: Compare/Contrast Students research two similar leaders, authors, artists, works of literature, countries, ideas, etc. and show how they are both alike and/or how they are different. Examples: Russia and Poland; Humans and chimpanzees; The Bible and the Koran; Classical and contemporary music; Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Delano Roosevelt; the Ancient Greeks and the Romans. Critique Students research a popular opinion, idea, practice, trend, tradition, belief or custom, and provide a logical argument for revising or eliminating it. Examples: Eating eggs is bad for your heart; no pain, no gain; affirmative action laws lead to lowering of standards, over time; the national debt will lead us into bankruptcy; to succeed, all students should go to college; the Electoral College is necessary for presidential elections. High School (or Good Writers and Researchers) (Who, What, When, Where, How and Why/Why Not, What If?) Students should be required to use 3 or 4 sources. Reports can be written (200 to 300 words), oral (3 to 5 minutes) or in teams. With appropriate technology and training, a PowerPoint presentation should also be encouraged. Reports should require a summary document attached as a bibliographic reference to provide authentication. See the following Web site for more information on research models: (http://www.education. elibrary.com/resources). Strategies for mini-research should include predicting, evaluating, and persuading. Persuade -- Students research a controversial issue, select a position (or teachers could assign the position), and then create an argument to support their opinion. Examples: Students should have a right to free education through college; does literature reflect or drive society? professional athletes are paid too much money; euthanasia should be permitted under appropriate controls; some illegal drugs should be legalized; the federal government should pass and enforce new gun control legislation. Predict Given a recent event, discovery, law, or invention, predict what will happen in the near future. Given a past event or series of events, create a scenario that may occur in the near future. Examples: The Greenhouse Effect is making the world warmer; predict what will happen if nothing is done by the year 2005; predict what sports will be most popular in 10 years and explain why; careers and jobs are changing rapidly; what jobs will be most in demand 10 years from now, and why? How will the Internet affect business, social life, and education? How will the International Space Station affect science, politics, and economics; how will the new Euro affect the economies of Europe? Evaluate Given a recent (in the last 5 years) change in a law, political leader, rules/ regulations, organizational structure, invention, or discovery, summarize and evaluate the progress that may have been made in society because of that change. Examples: The NAFTA treaty; the nuclear disarmament treaty; the introduction of distance learning courses by major colleges; welfare reform; doing business on the Internet; the launch and repair of the Hubble telescope. Tailoring bigchalk Mini-Research Strategies To Meet the Needs of Your Students A single research topic can provide a range of mini-research activities that can be tailored with the appropriate degree of difficulty levels for all your students. Topic: Global Warming Query: What causes global warming Possible Mini-Research Strategy Expand: What is global warming? (lowest level of critical thinking) Compare/Contrast: Compare the weather patterns in the U. S. today with the patterns 100 years ago. Critique: What actions by society have contributed to global warming? Predict: Predict what will happen in the future if nothing is done to reverse global warming. Persuade: Persuade the U. S. Government to pass laws that would help to reverse global warming. Evaluate: Evaluate the effectiveness of the past actions taken by government and business to prevent further global warming. (highest level) Mini-research critical thinking requires more than one source of information, deals with issues or solving of problems, and creates new knowledge and connections in the mind of the learner.  bigchalk.com Mini-Research Process Advantages of Mini-Research Activities with bigchalk.com Easier and faster for students to complete than traditional research papers Takes less classroom and homework time Can be assigned in any subject area because of the comprehensive databases Assignment can be more frequent to reinforce critical thinking skills and Information Literacy Mini-research strategies, topics, and models available for teachers Mini-research activities keep textbooks current in all areas and support state academic standards Summary Document model and method presents ways to help prevent plagiarism Mini-research models integrate critical thinking designs into student research activities Research Spectrum of Critical Thinking Skills  (Highest Level)  Traditional Term Paper    Evaluate   Information Literacy  Predict  bigchalk.com  Traditional Research Mini-Research  Strategies Persuade   State/National Standards  Critique    Compare/Contrast  Print/Paraphrase  (Lowest Level) The Big 6 Research Process and eLibrary Mini-research Strategies The Big 6 is a popular, broad-based approach to research developed by Michael B. Eisenberg and Robert E. Berkowitz. Using this approach, librarians and teachers can integrate information literacy and technology into research activities from K-12 through college. More information on the Big6 can be found at www.big6.com The Big6 Research Processbigchalk.com Mini-research Strategies1. Task DefinitionWhat needs to be done?There are 7 mini-research strategies that are based on 3 increasing levels of critical thinking. Coordinated teacher and student research planners help organize this step.2. Information Seeking StrategiesWhat resources can I use?Mini-research minimizes the time spent on searching. Using bigchalk databases saves this valuable school time and ensures equal access to information that encourages use of research activities by teachers.3. Location and AccessWhere can I find these resources?eLibrary contains up to 12 million full-text documents from 6 media types, many of them updated daily.4. Use of InformationWhat can I use from these resources?Mini-research demands the same Big6 critical browsing/ reading of documents for relevancy. Students can easily focus on the task because all bigchalk documents are backed by publisher authority.5. SynthesisWhat can I produce to finish the job?The Teachers Guide provides guidelines and models for the steps of organizing, synthesizing, and reporting of student research-based fact and opinion.6. EvaluationHow will I know I did my job well?The Teachers Guide provides guidelines for teachers to evaluate student reports based on the use of critical thinking skills employed in the process. All of the mini-research examples that follow are tested to provide a variety of documents that are relevant to the problem and strategy posed for your students. Additional queries with guaranteed results lists are included to motivate and support the creation of new mini-research topics. Using your course content and expertise, you can adapt these queries and research examples to create your own mini-research activities. English/Language Arts Mini-Research Activities The mini-research strategies of Expand and Discover are more appropriate for elementary students or secondary students who are having academic difficulty. These activities are generally described as look it up research that answers the questions Who, What, When, and Where. They are easier to implement, provide a broader range of topics, but involve little critical thinking. They are explained with examples on page 6. Intermediate Level Critical Thinking Skills Compare/Contrast Students research two similar leaders, authors, artists, countries, works of literature, etc. and show how they are both alike and/or how they are different 1. Compare/contrast two similar speeches such as the funeral oration speech of Pericles with the Gettysburg Address of Abraham Lincoln. Query: What is the funeral oration of Pericles Query: What is the Gettysburg Address 2. Compare/contrast two works of literature that focus on universal themes such as justice, jealousy, redemption, survival, mercy, terror, betrayal, etc. Query: What are the universal themes in literature Query: Who wrote the Grapes of Wrath Query: What is Les Miserables 3. Compare/Contrast the tall tales of Paul Bunyan, Johnny Appleseed, and Pecos Bill. Query: What is the folklore of "Pecos Bill" Query: What is the folklore of "Paul Bunyan" Query: Who was Johnny Appleseed Query: Who was the folk hero John Henry 4. Compare/contrast the visions or predictions of the current world with the world envisioned by authors such as 1984 by George Orwell or Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. Query: Who was Aldous Huxley Query: What is George Orwells, 1984 5. Compare/contrast two epic heroes in world literature. What are some of their positive traits, negative traits, code of honor, great deeds, etc.? Query: Who was El Cid Query: Who was King Arthur Query: Who was Gilgamesh Compare/contrast two philosophic figures in literature. What were their philosophies regarding life, death, god, family, adversity, truth, etc.? Query: Who was Confucius Query: What was the philosophy of Plato Compare/contrast the style of authors who used similar themes in their works . Query: What are the poems of Poe Query: What did "Stephen King" write Critique Students research a popular idea, practice, tradition, custom, belief, or trend, and provide a logical argument for revising or eliminating it. 1. Critique the use of racial epithets in the novels of Mark Twain. Query: What are the works of Mark Twain Query: What are racial epithets in Huckleberry Finn 2. Critique the use of the technique of poetic license and give examples of its use. Query: What is poetic license Critique the authors that use stream of consciousness technique in their novels and give examples. Query: What is stream of consciousness in literature Query: Who was "T. S. Eliot" 4. Critique the criteria that are used to define classic literature Query: What is classic literature 5. Critique the placement of one of the novels listed on the Best 100 Novels of the century. Query: What are the top 100 novels Advanced Level Critical Thinking Skills Persuade -- Students research a controversial issue, select a position (or teachers could assign the position), and then create an argument to support their opinion. Persuade others that a book, such as Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, should not have been banned from many schools and public libraries. You can substitute any of the following books: Query: What is a banned book Query: What is the Catcher in the Rye Query: Who was William Golding Query: What is Slaughterhouse Five Query: What is The Color Purple by Alice Walker Query: What is Lolita by Vladimir Nobokov Persuade others that slang and foul language add a critical dimension to todays literature. Query: What is slang Query: What is profanity in literature Query: What is indecent language Persuade others that Benjamin Franklins sayings in Poor Richards Almanack are applicable or not applicable in todays world and give multiple examples. Query: What is "Poor Richard's Almanack" Query: Who was Benjamin Franklin Predict Given a recent event, discovery, law, or invention, predict what will happen in the near future. Given a past event or series of events, create a scenario that may occur in the near future. Predict the impact of the Internet on the copyright laws and the authoring of literary materials in the future. Query: How does the Internet affect copyrights for literary works Query: How do copyright laws protect authors Predict the impact of television, movies, and the Internet on the development of reading skills of American youth. Query: Does TV affect reading skills Query: How does watching TV affect learning to read Predict the type and level of censorship that will be imposed on the use of the Internet in K-12 schools. Query: What are acceptable use policies in schools Query: What is Internet censorship for minors 4. Predict the impact of the Internet based plagiarism on student writing and education. Query: What is plagiarism in education Query: What is Internet plagiarism Evaluate Given a recent (in the last 5 years) change in a law, political leader, rules and regulations, organizational structure, invention, or discovery, summarize and evaluate the progress that may have been made in society because of that change. Evaluate the career and works authored by a recent recipients of the Nobel Prize for literature. Query: What is the Nobel Prize for Literature Query: (Who is ???) 2. Evaluate the career and works of a recent winner of the of the Pulitzer Prize. Query: What is the Pulitzer prize Query: (Who is ???) Evaluate the use of propaganda in history and give examples of its effectiveness. Query: What is racist propaganda Query: Who was Joseph Goebels Query: Who was Thomas Paine Evaluate the use of literary devices by authors to capture attention and communicate ideas. Give examples of authors and works that make effective use of these devices. Query: What is a spoonerism Query: What are mnemonic devices Query: What is a simile Query: What is a malapropism Evaluate the use of satire in promoting social change in different eras. Substitute any other authors from different eras. Query: What is satire Query: What is the satire of Jonathan Swift Query: What is the satire of George Orwell Evaluate the importance of the comics and cartoons to American literature and journalism. Query: What is a comic book Query: What are newspaper cartoons Query: What are newspaper comic strips Evaluate the fantasy works of Lewis Carrol. What was their purpose? Substitute another author of fantasy such as Ray Bradbury. Query: Who was Lewis Carroll Query: Who is Alice in Wonderland Other English Language Arts queries that yield 10 or more relevant documents in 10 minutes. They will help teachers to design additional mini-research activities. ReadingFiction and NonfictionAmerican Authors Query: Who was Ernest Hemingway Query: What are the poems of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Query: Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe Query: Who was Walt Whitman Query: What is the Nobel Prize for Literature Query: Who wrote the Invisible Man Query: Who was Ayn Rand Query: Who was Willa Cather Query: Who was Emily Dickinson Query: Who was Alex Haley Query: Who was William Faulkner Query: Who was James Michener Query: Who was Pearl Buck Query: Who was Maya Angelou Reading LiteratureFiction and NonfictionWorld Authors Query: What is Chinese literature Query: What is Indian literature Query: What is African literature Query: What is Hispanic literature Query: What is Scandinavian literature Query: What is French literature Query: What is Arabic literature Query: What is Russian literature Query: What is Japanese literature Query: Who was Robert Louis Stevenson Query: Who wrote All Quiet on the Western Front Query: Who was "James Joyce" Query: Who was H. G. Wells Query: Who was "Joseph Conrad" Query: Who is Alexandr Solzhenitsyn Query: What is Haiku poetry Query: Who was Robert Burns Query: Who was William Wordsworth Query: Who was Niccolo Machiavelli Query: Who was Robert Frost Query: Who was "Leo Tolstoy" Query: Who was "Charles Dickens"  Social Studies Mini-Research Activities The mini-research strategies of Expand and Discover are more appropriate for elementary students or secondary students who are having academic difficulty. These activities are generally described as look it up research that answers the questions Who, What, When, and Where. They are easier to implement, provide a broader range of topics, but involve little critical thinking. They are explained with examples on page 6. Compare/Contrast Students research two similar leaders, authors, artists, countries, works, etc. and show how they are both alike and/or how they are different. Compare/contrast the Greek Olympic Games with the modern Olympics. Query: What were the Ancient Olympic Games Query: What are the modern Olympics Compare/contrast the military leadership of Ulysses S. Grant with Robert E. Lee. Query: Who was General Robert E. Lee Query: Who was General Ulysses S. Grant Compare/contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation with the U. S. Constitution. Query: What were the Articles of Confederation 4. Compare/Contrast the concepts of Manifest Destiny with imperialism. Query: What is Manifest Destiny Query: What is American imperialism Compare/Contrast the economic systems of communism and capitalism. Query: Who was Karl Marx Query: What is the "Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith Compare/Contrast the philosophy and methods of Mahatma Gandhi with that of Martin Luther King, Jr. Query: What is the philosophy of non-violence Query: What was the philosophy of Gandhi Query: What was the philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr.. Compare/Contrast the New Deal of Franklin Roosevelt with the Great Society of Lyndon Johnson. Query: What was the "New Deal" of FDR Query: What was the "Great Society" of Lyndon Johnson Critique Students research a popular idea, practice, tradition, custom, belief, or trend, and provide a logical argument for revising or eliminating it. 1. Critique the use of SAT scores as the major method used for college admissions. Query: What is proposition 48 Query: Is the SAT test culturally biased Critique the idea of using the federal budget surplus to finance an across-the-board tax cut for taxpayers. Query: What is the federal budget surplus Query: What are the arguments about an across-the-board federal tax cut Critique the idea that all U. S. citizens should have some form of universal health care coverage. Query: What is socialized medicine Query: What is Medicaid Query: What countries have socialized medicine Query: What is national health insurance 4. Critique the management and financing of public schools by local control. Query: How are public schools managed Query: Is public school financing equitable 5. Critique the establishment of reservations to solve the Indian Problem during the western expansion of the U. S. Query: What is life on an Indian reservation Query: Why do Native Americans live on reservations 6. Critique the use of the Electoral College to decide the election of the presidency. Query: What is the Electoral College Persuade -- Students research a controversial issue, select a position (or teachers could assign the position), and then create an argument to support their opinion. 1. Should it be illegal to own or purchase hand guns and assault weapons in the U. S.? Query: Are safety features on guns adequate Query: Why are gun companies being sued Query: Are assault weapons legal to sell Query: What are gun control laws Query: What are gun control laws in other countries Should the immigration policies of the U. S. be more restrictive? Query: What is the immigration policy of the United States Query: What countries are denied immigration to the United States Query: Are illegal aliens entitled to welfare benefits Query: What is deportation Should the federal government become more involved in public education? Query: What is the U. S. governments role in education reform Query: What is the U. S. federal education funding Query: What is the U. S. Department of Education Should parents receive vouchers from government to pay tuition for schools of their choice for their children? Query: Is government support for private and parochial schools unconstitutional Query: What is the voucher system for public education Query: What are the arguments for educational choice Should the government develop policies and methods to limit objectionable materials on the Internet to children? Query: What is the V-chip Query: What are Internet filters Query: What are the arguments about Internet censorship Query: What are the legal responsibilities of schools providing Internet access to students Query: What is an Acceptable Use Policy Is violence on TV and the movies responsible for increased violence in our society? Query: What is the impact of violence on TV Query: What is the impact of violence in the media 7. Did the lost continent of Atlantis ever exist? Query: Where is the lost continent of Atlantis Query: What is the legend of Atlantis Predict Given a recent event, discovery, law, or invention, predict what will happen in the near future. Given a past event or series of events, create a scenario that may occur in the near future. 1. Predict how the influence of distance learning over the Internet will affect the availability and cost of education in the future. Query: What is distance learning Query: Can students earn degrees through distance learning Query: What distance learning courses are their in high schools Predict how the televising of court room trials will affect the future of our justice system. Query: What is the televising of courtroom trials Query: What is courtroom TV Predict how the Euro currency will affect the prosperity of European economies. Query: What is the Euro Query: What is the European Economic Community Predict how the Internet will affect voting and candidate campaigning in the future. Query: What is voting over the Internet 5. Predict how technology in the classroom will improve the basic skills of students who have difficulty in learning. Query: Does the use of technology improve student learning Query: How effective is the use of technology in schools 6. Predict the role of China as a world economic and military power in 10 years. Query: What is the economic strength of China Query: What is the military strength of China Evaluate Given a recent (in the last 5 years) change in a law, political leader, rules and regulations, organizational structure, invention, or discovery, summarize and evaluate the progress that may have been made in society because of that change. Evaluate the impact of welfare reform legislation on improving the lives of welfare recipients. Query: How effective is welfare reform Query: What is welfare child care Query: What is workfare Evaluate the impact of the NAFTA Treaty on the economies of Mexico, Canada, and the United States. Query: What is the NAFTA Treaty Query: How does the NAFTA Treaty benefit the U. S. Evaluate the impact of vouchers and the charter schools movement on education for disadvantaged students. Query: What are vouchers for education Query: What are charter schools Evaluate the effect of the enterprise zones on the eradication of urban poverty. Query: What are enterprise zones Query: What are empowerment zones Evaluate the use of the Internet for business on the lifestyle of consumers . Query: What is eCommerce Query: What is buying on the Internet Evaluate the use of family planning for population control by the Chinese over the last 2 decades. Query: What is population control in China Query: What is Chinese family planning Query: What is Chinese birth control Evaluate the effectiveness of current U. S. immigration laws. Query: What are U. S. immigration quotas Query: What are immigration law reforms Other Social Studies queries that yield 10 or more relevant documents in 10 minutes. They will help teachers to design additional mini-research activities. The world from its beginnings to the time of the Renaissance Query: What is the "fertile crescent" Query: What happened in the "Bronze Age" Query: Who was Hammurabi Query: What was the Iron Age Query: What were the "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" Query: What is the "Rosetta Stone" Query: What is the Great Rift Valley Query: What were the Greek city-states Query: Who was Aristotle of Athens Query: Who was Alexander the Great Query: Who was Cleopatra Query: Who was "Augustus Caesar" Query: What are the Dead Sea Scrolls Query: What was the "Roman Empire" Query: What was the Byzantine Empire Query: What was the " Holy Roman Empire" Query: What is the Caste System Query: Who was Buddha Query: What was the Aztec empire Query: What was the Inca Empire Query: What was the Mayan empire Query: What was the kingdom of Songhai Query: What was the Ming dynasty Query: What was the Tokugawa shogunate Query: Who was Charlemagne Query: Who was Attila the Hun Query: What were the Dark Ages Query: When was the first Crusade Query: Why did Marco Polo travel on the Silk Road Query: What was the political system of Feudalism Query: What is the impact of the Mongol Empire Query: What is the importance of the Magna Carta Query: What was the "Bubonic Plague" Query: What were the voyages of Columbus Western and Eastern civilization since the Renaissance. Query: Who was Leonardo da Vinci Query: What was the Protestant Reformation Query: Who was Napoleon Bonaparte Query: What was the Age of Enlightenment Query: Who was Peter the Great Query: What was the Glorious Revolution Query: What is the Northwest Passage Query: What was "French Colonialism" Query: Who was "Kaiser Wilhelm" Query: What was the Bolshevik revolution Query: What were the Axis Powers Query: What is the Holocaust Query: What was the Iron Curtain Query: What was the "Gulag Archipelago" Query: What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union Query: What does the "United Nations" do Query: What is the Tiananmen Square massacre Query: What is the war in Bosnia United States history to 1880. Query: What is Jamestown Query: Who was William Penn Query: Who was the pioneer Daniel Boone Query: What was the French and Indian War Query: Who wrote the Declaration of Independence Query: What was the surrender at Yorktown Query: Who was Benjamin Franklin Query: What happened at Valley Forge Query: What was the Monroe Doctrine Query: What was the "War of 1812" Query: What was The Trail of Tears Query: Who were Lewis and Clark Query: When was the Battle of the Alamo Query: What was the "gold rush" Query: What was the Gadsden Purchase Query: Who was General "Robert E. Lee" Query: Who was Ulysses S. Grant Query: What was the Underground Railroad Query: What is the Emancipation Proclamation Query: What is the "Gettysburg Address" Query: What was the "Mexican War" Query: What is the Alaska Purchase Query: What was the wild west Query: Who was "Sitting Bull" United States history from 1880 to the present Query: When was the first transcontinental railroad Query: Who are the monopolists Query: What is the Spindletop Gusher Query: Who was Henry Ford Query: Who was Thomas Alva Edison Query: Who was Theodore Roosevelt Query: What was the sinking of the Lusitania Query: What is the Treaty of Versailles Query: What was the Roaring Twenties Query: What was the Great Depression Query: What was the AF of L Query: What was the New Deal Query: What is Mein Kampf Query: Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt Query: What was the Yalta Conference Query: What is the Enola Gay Query: What was the "Normandy Invasion" Query: What were the Nuremburg Trials Query: What was the Marshall Plan Query: Who was General Douglas MacArthur Query: Where is the Yalu River Query: Who assassinated President Kennedy Query: What was the "Cuban Missile Crisis" Query: What was the Civil Rights March on Washington Query: What was the Tet Offensive Query: When did the Vietnam War end Query: What is NATO Query: What is the Nuclear Arms Treaty Query: What was Operation Desert Storm Query: What is the dissolution of the Soviet Union Query: What is Operation Desert Fox Query: What is Bosnia Query: What is impeachment Government and Civics Query: What is urbanization Query: How does the Supreme Court make a law unconstitutional Query: What are the treatises of John Locke Query: What is a "constitutional democracy" Query: What is the system of checks and balances in government Query: How important are "public opinion polls" to the electorate Query: What is the Bill of Rights to the Constitution Query: How is the U. S. Constitution amended Query: What is the Security Council of the United Nations Query: What is Freedom of Speech Query: What is Civil Disobedience Query: What is naturalization Query: Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton Query: What is a federal budget surplus Query: What is the Supreme Court of the United States Query: What are "civil rights laws" Economics Query: What is "investment capital" Query: What is deregulation Query: What is the International Monetary Fund Query: What is a "capital gain" on a stock investment Query: What are federal government subsidies Query: What is monetary policy by the Federal Reserve Query: What is an economic recession Query: What is the European Economic Union Query: What is the Federal Reserve banking system Query: What happens at the New York Stock Exchange Query: What is the "balance of trade" deficit Query: What is the prime rate Anthropology Query: What is an anthropologist Query: What is Neolithic agriculture Query: What is the stone age Query: What is a "Cro-Magnon Man" Query: Who was "Mary Leakey" Query: Who was Margaret Mead Query: What is Machu Pichu Query: Who are the Amazon Indians Query: What is a Neanderthal Man Query: What is the migration over the Bering Strait Multicultural Awareness/Ethnic Studies Query: What are the characteristics of Chinese art Query: Who was Buddha Query: What are the major beliefs of Islam Query: What are the major beliefs of Hinduism Query: What is the Koran Query: What is the Hajj Query: What is Yom Kippur Query: What is Apartheid Query: Who was Martin Luther King Query: What is Shinto Query: What are the Upanishads Query: Who was Confucius Query: Who was Sojourner Truth Query: Who was Geronimo Psychology Query: What is psychology Query: Who is Dr. Spock Query: Who was Sigmund Freud Query: Who was John Dewey Query: What is "multiple intelligence Query: Who was B. F. Skinner Query: What is psychiatry Query: What are personality traits Query: What is psychoanalysis Query: What is philosophy Sociology Query: What is ancestor worship Query: What is culture shock Query: Who were the Luddites Query: What is sociology Query: What is Puritanism Query: What is ecumenism Query: What is astrology Query: What is racism Query: What is reincarnation Query: What is mythology Query: What is the glass ceiling  Science Mini-Research Activities The mini-research strategies of Expand and Discover are more appropriate for elementary students or secondary students who are having academic difficulty. These activities are generally described as look it up research that answers the questions Who, What, When, and Where. They are easier to implement, provide a broader range of topics, but involve little critical thinking. They are explained with examples on page 6. Compare/Contrast Students research two similar leaders, authors, artists, countries, works, etc. and show how they are both alike and/or how they are different. 1. Compare/contrast the Russian and United States space programs. Query: What is the Russian space program Query: What is the Mir Query: What is the NASA space program 2. Compare/contrast hydroponics with traditional methods of growing food crops. Query: What is hydroponics 3. Compare/contrast El Nino weather patterns with La Nina weather patterns. Query: What is El Nino Query: What is La Nina Compare/contrast the uses of fusion versus fission methods of generating energy. Query: What is a nuclear power generation Query: What is fusion power Compare/contrast desalinization of water with other methods of water purification. Query: What is water purification Query: What is water desalinization Critique Students research a popular idea, practice, tradition, custom, belief, or trend, and provide a logical argument for revising or eliminating it. 1. Critique the use of animals for testing experimental drugs and surgery techniques. Query: What is animal experimentation Query: How are animals used to test drugs 2. Critique the use of nuclear plants to supply an increasing share of the electric power in the U. S. Query: What are alternative sources of power generation Query: Are nuclear power plants safe 3. Critique the use of the gasoline engine to provide power for automobiles. Query: How do gasoline engines cause pollution Query: What are alternative fuels for the automobile Persuade -- Students research a controversial issue, select a position (or teachers could assign the position), and then create an argument to support their opinion. Should the United States be involved in the cooperative development of the International Space Station? Query: Should funding for NASA be increased Query: What are the benefits of space exploration Query: Is the International Space Station a waste of money 2. Is life, as we know it, possible on other planets? Query: Is there life on Mars Query: How many planets are there in the universe Query: Is there any evidence of intelligent life in the universe Query: What is the search for extra-terrestrial life 3. Should the United States spend billions of dollars on particle physics research? Query: What is a quark Query: What is quantum mechanics research Query: What is particle physics research Query: What is the Large Hadron Collider Query: What is the Fermilab 4. Do environmentalists have too much influence on laws that are passed that regulate the use of the environment? Query: What are endangered species Query: What are the disadvantages of environmental regulations Query: What is the EPA Query: What is the Sierra Club Query: How is business affected by environmental regulation 5. Should the public schools teach creationism in concert with evolution? Query: What is the Scopes Monkey Trial Query: Who was Clarence Darrow Query: What states mandate the teaching of creationism Query: What are the arguments for creationism Query: Is evolution a theory 6. Is the experimental work being done with the genetic cloning of animals ethical? Query: What are the benefits of cloning genes Query: What are the ethical implications of genetic cloning Query: What are the hazards of cloning genes Query: What is transgenics Predict Given a recent event, discovery, law, or invention, predict what will happen in the near future. Given a past event or series of events, create a scenario that may occur in the near future. Predict how the International Space Station will contribute to an improved quality of life for the people of the world. Query: Should funding for NASA be increased Query: What are the benefits of space exploration Query: Is the International Space Station a waste of money Predict how the Human Genome Project will contribute to the health of the people of the U. S. and the world. Query: What is the human genome project Query: What businesses are mapping the human genome Query: Can the human genome map be patented 3. Predict the impact of continued global warming on the United States. Query: What causes global warming. Predict the impact of solar power on energy production in the U. S. and the world. Query: What is the future of solar power Query: What is solar energy Predict the possibility of major earthquakes in California cities. Query: What is the San Andreas Fault Query: What is a California earthquake Evaluate Given a recent (in the last 5 years) change in a law, political leader, rules and regulations, organizational structure, invention, or discovery, summarize and evaluate the progress that may have been made in society because of that change. Evaluate the impact of the NASA space lab program on the lifestyle of the typical U. S. citizen. Query: What is space shuttle research in health Query: What is the International space station Query: How does the space program benefit business Query: What are experiments in the space shuttle Evaluate the effectiveness of genetic modification of food plants on increasing the supply of safe foods. Query: Is genetic modification of food plants safe Query: What is plant transgenics 3. Evaluate the impact of the Hubble Space Telescope on our knowledge of the origins of the universe. Query: What is the Hubble telescope Query: What discoveries are being made by the Hubble telescope 4. Evaluate the impact of recycling programs on the environment. Query: What are recycling programs Query: What are the benefits of recycling Other Science queries that yield 10 or more relevant documents in 10 minutes. They will help teachers to design additional mini-research activities. Earth Science Query: What causes a "tidal wave" Query: What is a tornado Query: What causes an earthquake Query: What is Mount St. Helens Query: What is Krakatoa Query: What is the jetstream Query: What causes lightning Query: What is tectonic plate theory Query: How are coral reefs created Query: What is the magnetic north pole of the earth Query: What causes the tides Query: What causes glaciers Query: What is celestial navigation Space Science Query: What is a neutron star Query: What is the Milky Way Query: How is the age of the universe measured Query: How does gravity bend light rays Query: What is an x-ray telescope Query: What is a black hole in space Query: What is the Big Bang Theory Query: Who was Robert Goddard Query: What is a comet Query: What is a spacewalk Environmental Science Query: What are non-renewable resources Query: What is a biosphere Query: What causes river pollution Query: What are the functions of a watershed Query: What is acid rain Query: What is the carbon cycle Query: What is the nitrogen cycle Query: What is the "forest conservation" Query: How do we prevent air pollution Query: What is the EPA Query: What is the oxygen cycle Query: What is the water cycle Query: What is the Sierra Club Query: Who was Rachel Carson Life Science and Biology Query: What is the agricultural revolution Query: What caused the extinction of the dinosaurs Query: How do plants adapt to the environment Query: What is the interdependence of living things Query: What is the "food chain" in an ecosystem Query: What is mitosis Query: What is genetic cloning Query: What is the theory of evolution Query: How does DNA control cell structure and function Query: What is biological diversity Query: What are "super bugs" Query: What causes mutations Query: What is bioethics Query: What are nucleic acids Query: What is the carbon dioxide cycle Physical Science Query: What is electromagnetic radiation Query: What is quantum mechanics Query: What is Einsteins theory of relativity Query: Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics Query: Is there matter in the universe Query: How does energy change into matter Query: What is cryogenics Query: What is a quark Query: How is the "red shift" used to measure acceleration of stars Query: What is the electromotive force Query: How are magnetism and electricity related Query: What is semiconductor technology Chemistry Query: What are the halogen elements Query: What is organic chemistry Query: What is a biochemical reaction Query: How are isotopes used Query: How are the inert gasses used Query: What is absolute zero Query: What is an alchemist Query: What is the periodic table of the elements Query: What is a half-life of a radioactive element Query: Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Query: What is the chemistry of carbon Query: What is the kinetic molecular theory Technology Applications in Society Query: What is the Fermilab Query: What is a mohole Query: What are organ transplant banks Query: What is the human genome project Query: What happened at Stonehenge Query: What is the Gregorian Calendar Query: What is a laser beam Query: What are telecommunication satellites Query: What is a seismograph Query: What is a global satellite positioning system Query: What is North Sea crude Query: What is a bathysphere Query: What is the transatlantic cable Query: What is the Chunnel Query: What is the Alaska Pipeline Query: What is the Panama Canal Query: What is the Three Gorges Dam World Famous Scientists and Inventors Query: Who was Jacques Cousteau Query: Who was Thomas Alva Edison Query: Who was Alexander Graham Bell Query: Who was Buckminster Fuller Query: Who were the Wright Brothers Query: Who was Jonas Salk Query: Who was Marie Curie Query: Who was Charles Babbage Query: Who was Enrico Fermi Query: Who was Leonardo da Vinci Query: Who was Copernicus Query: Who was Albert Einstein Query: Who was Alfred Nobel Query: Who was Niels Bohr Query: Who was Hideki Yukawa Query: Who are Luis and Walter Alvarez Query: Who is Susumu Tonegawa Query: Who was Francis Crick Query: Who was Linus Pauling Query: Who was Vladimir Zworykin Query: Who was Johann Christian Doppler  Health & Fitness Mini-Research Activities The mini-research strategies of Expand and Discover are more appropriate for elementary students or secondary students who are having academic difficulty. These activities are generally described as look it up research that answers the questions Who, What, When, and Where. They are easier to implement, provide a broader range of topics, but involve little critical thinking. They are explained with examples on page 6. Compare/Contrast Students research two similar leaders, authors, artists, countries, works, etc. and show how they are both alike and/or how they are different 1. Compare/contrast homeopathic medicine with traditional medical practice. Query: What is homeopathic medicine Query: What is alternative medicine Query: What is traditional medicine 2. Compare/contrast the low-fat diet with the low-carbohydrate diet. Query: What is a low fat diet Query: What is a low carbohydrate diet Critique Students research a popular idea, custom, belief, or trend, and provide a logical argument for revising or eliminating it. Critique the use of Creatine for improving physical strength. Query: What is creatine 2. Critique the values of society that may promote anorexia and bulimia among young women. Query: What causes anorexia Query: What are eating disorders of young women 3. Critique the laws that prevent assisted suicide. Query: Who is Dr. Kevorkian Query: What is euthanasia Persuade -- Students research a controversial issue, select a position (or teachers could assign the position), and then create an argument to support their opinion. Persuade taxpayers that more money should be spent on the prevention and treatment of AIDS. Query: Is there a cure for AIDS Query: What causes AIDS Persuade state legislators that money from the tobacco lawsuit settlement be used by the states exclusively for public health programs. Query: What is the tobacco lawsuit settlement Query: How do states spend tobacco lawsuit funds Predict Given a recent event, discovery, law, or invention, predict what will happen in the near future. Given a past event or series of events, create a scenario that may occur in the near future. 1. Predict the impact of cosmetic surgery on the lifestyle of Americans. Query: What is cosmetic surgery Query: What is liposuction Query: What are hair transplants 2. Predict how telecommunications and the Internet will affect the practice of medicine in the future. Query: What is consumer health information on the Internet Query: How do doctors use the Internet Evaluate Given a recent (in the last 5 years) change in a law, political leader, rules and regulations, organizational structure, invention, or discovery, summarize and evaluate the progress that may have been made in society because of that change. Evaluate the actions that have been taken to decrease smoking among teenagers. Are they working? Query: What is teenage smoking Query: What are anti-smoking campaigns Evaluate the use of organ transplant surgery on the quality of a patients life and on society. Query: What is organ transplant surgery Query: Is the organ transplant system fair Evaluate the impact of the irradiation of food on lifestyles of the future. Query: What is the irradiation of food Other Health & Fitness queries that yield 10 or more relevant documents in 10 minutes. They will help teachers to design additional mini-research activities. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Substances Query: Is nicotine addictive Query: What is binge drinking Query: What is crack cocaine Query: Is marijuana addictive Query: What is cirrhosis of the liver Query: What are amphetamines Community & Consumer Health Query: What is Medicare Query: What is the AMA Query: How are youth educated about health hazards Query: How does the "FTC" regulate consumer health products Query: What is the FDA Query: Who is the Surgeon General of the U. S. Query: What is the National Institute of Health Query: What is managed health care Query: What are consumer health labeling guidelines Query: What is Oregon health care Query: What are generic drugs Diseases and Disorders Query: Is there a cure for Cancer Query: What is gene therapy Query: What are some ways to prevent hepatitis Query: What is laser surgery Query: What is high blood pressure Query: What is diabetes Query: What is nearsightedness Query: What is asthma Query: What are designer drugs Environmental Health Query: How does smog affect public health Query: What is radon poisoning Query: What is lead poisoning Query: What are reverse osmosis water purifiers Query: What are the dangers of asbestos Query: What is the environmental superfund Emotional Health Query: What is stress management Query: What is high risk behavior Query: What are some ways to build self-esteem Query: What are conflict resolution skills Query: What is peer mediation Query: What is grief therapy Food and Nutrition Query: What is irradiation of food Query: What is the FDA Query: What are anti-oxidants Query: What is eating healthy Query: What are junk foods Query: Are fried foods good for your health Family Life Query: What is prenatal care Query: What is adoption for childless couples Query: What are fertility drugs Query: What are single-parent families Query: What is elder care Query: What is a hospice Query: What is day care Healthful Lifestyles Query: What can vitamin supplement do for your health Query: What is homeopathic medicine Query: What diseases are most prevalent among poor people Query: What is responsible drinking as shown in beer commercials Query: What is date rape Query: What is a chiropractor Query: What is acupuncture Human Body Systems Query: What is the human body Query: What is the nervous system Query: What is the brain Query: What are goose bumps Query: What is baldness Query: What are glands Query: How do we smell odors Query: What is blindness Query: What is a muscle Query: What is perspiration Query: What are warts Query: Why do we dream Query: How does the tongue taste food Human Growth and Development Query: What is geriatrics Query: What is puberty Query: What is a fetus Query: What is menopause Human Sexuality Query: What are dominant and recessive genes Query: What is a fetus Query: What is the human reproductive system Query: What is sexual abstinence Query: What is birth control Query: What are sexually transmitted diseases Query: What are fertility drugs Physical Activity and Fitness Query: What is aerobic exercise Query: How is fitness measured Query: What is a personal fitness instructor Query: What is walking for fitness Query: What are isometric exercises Query: What is fitness equipment Safety, First Aid, and Survival Query: What is the Heimlich maneuver Query: What is first aid for snakebite Query: How do you treat frostbite Query: What is first aid for swallowing poison Query: What is first aid Query: What is frostbite Query: What are flu symptoms Query: What is a smoke detector Query: What is a carbon monoxide detector Query: How do you stop bleeding The following formats are recommended for mini-research Written Reports because they save time and simplify the report for students and teachers. Summary Document Model (Attached to Reports Instead of Bibliography to Discourage Plagiarism) By ROBERT LEE HOTZ and THOMAS H. MAUGH II, TIMES STAFF WRITERS Biotech: the Revolution Is Already Underway Dolly the cloned sheep made headlines. Los Angeles Times Sunday April 27, 1997 Home Edition Part A, Page 1 Type of Material: Non Dup; Main Story; Series; Chronology Series: IN OUR OWN IMAGE: Life in a genetically engineered world. * First; in a series In creating Dolly from a single adult ewe cell, researchers at Scotland's Roslin Institute crafted the latest living invention to mark the crossroads of science and human values. These experimental creations are more than laboratory curiosities. Indeed, the seeds of the new biology are being sown across millions of farm acres this year, and its fruits are appearing on supermarket shelves and in medicine cabinets in hundreds of thousands of homes. The biological revolution is altering--in ways that we have yet to recognize--our image of ourselves. For many scientists, cloning offers an unprecedented opportunity to engineer new life forms more efficiently, to revive endangered species and to explore treatments for a host of human diseases. However, critics in the United States and around the world have argued that cloning oversteps the bounds of morality, offering humanity too much power to manipulate living things. And the prospect of cloning human beings, they say, is repugnant. "I am wondering if it is not time to set some limits on science," said Lori Andrews of Chicago-Kent College of Law at the Illinois Institute of Technology, an authority on genetic engineering and reproductive technologies. Last month, a coalition of health experts and ethicists urged Congress to enact measures protecting people against abuse of genetic information to deny jobs, promotions, insurance coverage or other benefits. Eighteen similar measures have previously been introduced without success. Copyright 1997, St. Louis Post-Dispatch George Will; Washington Post Writers Group, CLONING CREATES MORAL AMBIGUITIES, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 27 Feb 1997, pp. 07B. Now, what if the great given - a human being is the product of the union of a man and a woman - is no longer a given? The news from Scotland could have immense consequences for mankind's moral life - for thinking about "ought" propositions. This subject is an invitation to playful imagining that soon turns serious. Imagine five Michael Jordans playing five other Michael Jordans. But, then, what makes him him is not just his genetic material but his competitive character, his fierce integrity. How much of character is genetically influenced or determined? The nature vs. nurture argument continues. As the twig is bent: Would a cloned Jordan be Jordan without whatever it was about his family, and about North Carolina, that helped young Michael become the man? And what about the soul? Is there such a thing? Is there a ghost in the machine, or only a machine? Are they right who say, "I do not have a body, I am a body"? In his essay "Making Babies: The New Biology and the `Old' Morality" Kass noted that technological corollaries to the pill - babies without sex - involve not just new ways of beginning life but new ways of understanding and valuing life. Connections with parents, siblings and ancestors are integral to being human, although not to being a sheep. Can individuality, identity and dignity be severed from genetic distinctiveness, and from belief in a person's open future? When Hiroshima occasioned anxious talk about the dangers of physics, Einstein replied that the world was more apt to be destroyed by bad politics than bad physics. Dolly raises the stakes of biology, but also of philosophy. The first page of your report should look like the model below, using in-text references that refer back to your summary document. Mini-research report are usually150 to 300 words (in secondary schools) and are written by the student after conferencing with the teacher and using the summary document for major ideas and information.  Model of Page 1 with In-Text References  The Ethical Implications of Genetic Cloning This is a model of the format used for a mini-research report . It summarizes how the cloning of a sheep named Dolly, in Scotland, opens up a new world of ethical controversy as well as wonderful opportunities for mankind. It requires the student to (1) query eLibrary to get relevant information, (2) browse each article to determine its significance to the mini-research report strategy, (3) save the significant articles, (4) copy and paste citations and significant information to a summary document (which is attached to the written report), and then (5) create a final report, using in-text references, that connect the students work to the appropriate eLibrary sources. (Hotz) The teachers research strategy motivates and focuses the students search in Electric Library. The teacher will also have to provide some guidance in querying ELibrary with key words, to get the most relevant information without wasting time. Saving information to disk in a school environment is preferred over printing each article because it saves paper, ink, and time on the front end of research, and then, saves some keying and keying mistakes on the back end, or final report. For schools who have computer lab(s) and/or library computer access for students, saved articles can be browsed in detail, off-line, saving on-line costs, and freeing computers that are on-line for more student research. 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