ࡱ> UWT_ (bjbj *>9b9b `````tttt$4t!1t^****0000000$2K5^0`0``**0:`*`*00~,8/*`gp%?ZL/X000!1/X55/5`/00!15B &: Cell structure Bacteria have very simple cells called prokaryotic cells. All other organisms ( plants, fungi, animals, protists ) have more complicated eukaryotic cells. Web site name: The Biology Project Web URL:  HYPERLINK "http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page3.html" http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page3.html Read Eukaryotics 1). What is the glycocalyx? _________________________________________ 2). What is the function of ribosomes? _________________________________ 3). What are two functions of the Golgi body? __________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4). What are two functions of lysosomes? ______________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5). What is the function of mitochondria? ______________________________ 6). What are cristae? ___________________________________________ 7). What are two unusual features of chloroplasts and mitochondria? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8). What does this suggest about the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Web site name: Economist magazine (Note: you will need to Sign up with your name and Email address to read the whole article. Signing up is free. Do NOT click on Subscribe) Web URL:  HYPERLINK "https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21721560-new-type-biological-engineering-should-speed-up-innovation-cell-free-biotech" https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21721560-new-type-biological-engineering-should-speed-up-innovation-cell-free-biotech Read Cell free biotech will make for better products. 9). What is a ribosomes job? ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10). What useful chemicals can be engineered from ribosomes and proteins? _____________________________________________________________ 11). What is one advantage of getting rid of the cells? _____________________ _____________________________________________________________ 12). Which gut bacteria is used in this system? __________________________ 13). What is the name of the enzymes that eat up the fragmented DNA? _____________________________ 14). Which energy-carrying molecule powers the process of making proteins? ______________________ 15). How many proteins can be processed in parallel? ________________ 16). What do tubes which flash brightly indicate? ______________________ ________________________________________________________ 17). Which disease will STRO-001 treat? ___________________________ 18). Why does GreenLight want to make an undigestible analogue of ribose? ______________________________________________ 19). How long ago was beer invented? _____________________________ Web site name: Cells Alive (Nucleus) Web URL:  HYPERLINK "http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm" http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm Click on Start the Animation then Animal Cell, then click on Nucleus 20). What is the nucleus surrounded by? ________________________________ 21). How does the nucleus communicate? _____________________________________________________________ 22). Why is a liver cell different from a muscle cell? _____________________________________________________________ Click on Nucleolus 23). What does the nucleolus produce? ____________________________________________________________ Web site name: Cells Alive (Animation) Web URL:  HYPERLINK "http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm" http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm Click on Start the Animation then Animal Cell, then Mitochondria 24). What is the function of mitochondria? _____________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 25). What is one similarity between the mitochondria and nucleus? _____________________________________________________________ 26). Why are the cristae folded? _______________________________________ 27). What is the primary energy source for the cell? ______________________ Click on Cell membrane 28). What does hydrophilic mean? __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 29). What color are the proteins in the diagram? _________________________ 30). Which ions move through the proteins? _____________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Click on Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum 31). The ER is a continuation of ___________________ __________________ 32). What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells? _____________________________________________________________ 33). What is the function of smooth ER in liver cells? ____________________________________________________________ Click on Cytoskeleton 34) What is the primary importance of the cytoskeleton? ____________________________________________________________ 35) What color are the stress fibers stained in the photograph? _____________ Click on one more organelle listed near the bottom of the screen. 36) Which organelle did you click on? ________________________________ 37) Summarize the information about this organelle: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Web site name: Economist magazine (Note: if it says you have reached your article limit, just clear your browser cache) Web URL:  HYPERLINK "http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21654013-first-organ-chips-are-coming-market-and-regulators-permitting-will-speed" http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21654013-first-organ-chips-are-coming-market-and-regulators-permitting-will-speed Read Towards a body on a chip 38) How would the test for a new drug normally be carried out? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 39) Apart from the liver-on-a-chip which two other organs are currently being produced by groups from Harvard University and the University of California? _____________________________________________________________ 40) How many tiny livers does each liver chip contain? __________________ 41) How does the lung-on-a-chip stretch and relax the cells, to mimic breathing? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42) Do see any ethical concerns with having human heart cells beating on their own at 55 80 beats per minute? ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 43) Why is the military interested in having 10 organs on a body chip? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 44) What are a couple of hurdles that still need to be overcome? ______________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * , - . n o p q % (    ! y()ոݫݠ}hWOhWO56 hWO6hhA6hAh _h}h@h}CJaJhh@0JCJaJ#jhh@CJUaJh@h@CJaJh@CJaJjh@CJUaJ h}5 h:Tg5h:Tg5>*CJ(h:Tg1p q  6 4 wxy)*[\ & F% 0^`0^ & F%^).134@YZ["gi7@l8STY&Zl+8:EOPUX[\h񰬥 h?h?h?jh?U h~5h:h4h%J`h[ehaUh>yh7h _0J h _h _h _jh _Uh:Tg h}5 h:Tg5Aj:;ST!g) 0^`0gd%J` 0^`0gdaU 0^`0gd>y)*+PQb>?TU[\- 0^`0gd:^^gd%J` & F%=g(?UZy(*+YZ[\eklmr #>lmoԺ̳̺̦ԢԢԢԢԢhch~hh:0J h:h:jh:U h~5 h:Tg5h:h4h:Tg h:Tgh:TghKh?h%J`h:Tg5jh?Uh$8<h?0J@-lm9$%qr"#klmmn 0^`0gdBC: 0^`0!#*`w"#W#,.0Blm   % & 3 [ z { } !!!!!!!! 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