ࡱ> bdc5@ bjbj22 0:XX864jTnI$HHHHHHH$JRLtIlllI(IlHlHHYC G ..eE:H>I0nIEXMXMtGXMGdvToDIID   42 U.S.C. 1983 I. Is Defendant a person under 1983?STATE Cannot be sued because of SI Will / \MUNICIPALITY Dont have SI (Owen) & can be sued (Monell) / \Individual Capacity Can be sued for anything (Hafer) Official Capacity Can be sued for prospective relief, but not retroactive relief (Ex Parte Young/Hafer)Individual Capacity Can be sued for anythingOfficial Capacity This is like suing the city: it must be policy. See below / Note: When in doubt about whether an entity like an institution is the state, follow the money if the judgment runs against the state, its the stateMunicipal Liability Is the actor a final policymaker? Whether an actor is a policymaker is a question of state law (Praprotnik) Plaintiffs try to show that the final policymaker allowed the violation. One act by a final policymaker may constitute a policy (Pembaur) What is the causal link between the policymakers action & the injury? Act must be deliberately indifferent to individuals Constitutional rights (Brown) Failure to train (Canton) Hiring (Brown connection between background of employee & the particular Constitutional violation) Is there QI? Would a reasonable person in Defendants position know that the action violated clearly established Constitutional rights? (Harlow) NOTE: Cities do not have QI II. Is defendant acting under color of state law? State officials who have apparent authority are acting under color of state law. (Monroe) III. Is defendant violating the Constitution? Is there state action? State action is when someone is clothed with the authority of the state. (Home Telephone & Telegraph) Whats the Constitutional violation? Procedural Due Process Is there a covered right? (Paul v. Davis reputation not a covered right) Is there a deprivation? Was it negligent, random, and unauthorized? If so, you do not have a Constitutional PDP claim if there is an adequate state remedy. (Parratt) Was it unauthorized but foreseeable, perhaps b/c of broad delegation under an administrative procedural scheme? If so, you may have a PDP claim. (Zinermon) Substantive Due Process You do not have a Constitutional SDP claim unless D had specific intent to cause that Constitutional harm. (Lewis) IV. Is defendant violating a federal law? (1983 is available whenever P alleges violation of any federal right Thiboutot) Blessing: Does the statute create an enforceable right? Is the statutory language mandatory or precatory? Would enforcement strain judicial energy (too vague, too difficult)? Is P the intended beneficiary? Did Congress preclude a 1983 COA? Is there a very comprehensive remedial scheme in the Act? V. Does defendant have immunity? Absolute, absolute immunity President has absolute, absolute immunity from official & unofficial acts committed while in office. Absolute immunity Judges free from liability for judicial acts, liable when not acting in judicial capacity. Must get declaratory decree first, then if judge violates decree, you can get injunction. Legislators absolutely immune from damages & injunctive liability when acting in legislative capacity. Prosecutors absolutely immune for damages relief, but not injunctive relief, for decisions to prosecute. Quasi-Absolute Immunity ALJs, federal agencies, etc. when they act in legislative, judicial or prosecutorial capacity. Qualified Immunity City, state, & government employees immune from damages but not injunctive relief Would a reasonable person in Ds position know that the action violated clearly established Constitutional rights? 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Neidorfd14iMicrosoft Word 10.0@">@~1@F@ ՜.+,0 hp|   3 A  1983 Title  !"#$%'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLNOPQRSTVWXYZ[\_Root Entry F0a/aData 1Table&MWordDocument0:SummaryInformation(MDocumentSummaryInformation8UCompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89qRoot Entry Fmqg@Data 1Table&MWordDocument0:  !"#$%'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLNOPQRSTfe _AdHocReviewCycleID_EmailSubject _AuthorEmail_AuthorEmailDisplayName FedCtslneidorf@attbi.comLouis A. NeidorfSummaryInformation(MDocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q՜.+,D՜.+,4 hp|   3 A  1983 Title@ $T